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Sex differences in spatial learning and memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation at perforant pathway-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses in Wistar rats. Wistar大鼠穿孔通路齿状回(PP-DG)突触空间学习记忆和海马长时程增强的性别差异。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00184-y
Samaneh Safari, Nesa Ahmadi, Reihaneh Mohammadkhani, Reza Ghahremani, Maryam Khajvand-Abedeni, Siamak Shahidi, Alireza Komaki, Iraj Salehi, Seyed Asaad Karimi

Background: Recent studies show that gender may have a significant impact on brain functions. However, the reports of sex effects on spatial ability and synaptic plasticity in rodents are divergent and controversial. Here spatial learning and memory was measured in male and female rats by using Morris water maze (MWM) task. Moreover, to assess sex difference in hippocampal synaptic plasticity we examined hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) at perforant pathway-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses.

Results: In MWM task, male rats outperformed female rats, as they had significantly shorter swim distance and escape latency to find the hidden platform during training days. During spatial reference memory test, female rats spent less time and traveled less distance in the target zone. Male rats also had larger LTP at PP-DG synapses, which was evident in the high magnitude of population spike (PS) potentiation and the field excitatory post synaptic potentials (fEPSP) slope.

Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that sex differences in the LTP at PP-DG synapses, possibly contribute to the observed sex difference in spatial learning and memory.

背景:最近的研究表明,性别可能对大脑功能有重大影响。然而,关于性别对啮齿类动物空间能力和突触可塑性的影响的报道存在分歧和争议。采用Morris水迷宫(MWM)任务对雄性和雌性大鼠的空间学习记忆进行了测量。此外,为了评估海马突触可塑性的性别差异,我们检测了穿孔通路齿状回(PP-DG)突触的海马长时程增强(LTP)。结果:在MWM任务中,雄性大鼠的表现优于雌性大鼠,因为它们在训练日内发现隐藏平台的游泳距离和逃跑潜伏期显著缩短。在空间参考记忆测试中,雌性大鼠在目标区域花费的时间和行进的距离都较小。雄性大鼠在PP-DG突触处也有较大的LTP,这在群体尖峰(PS)的高强度增强和场兴奋性突触后电位(fEPSP)斜率中是明显的。结论:总之,我们的研究结果表明,PP-DG突触LTP的性别差异可能是空间学习和记忆中观察到的性别差异的原因。
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引用次数: 3
The mystery of claustral neural circuits and recent updates on its role in neurodegenerative pathology. 神秘的耳廓神经回路及其在神经退行性病理学中作用的最新进展。
IF 4.7 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00181-1
Vladimir N Nikolenko, Negoriya A Rizaeva, Narasimha M Beeraka, Marine V Oganesyan, Valentina A Kudryashova, Alexandra A Dubovets, Irina D Borminskaya, Kirill V Bulygin, Mikhail Y Sinelnikov, Gjumrakch Aliev

Introduction: The claustrum is a structure involved in formation of several cortical and subcortical neural microcircuits which may be involved in such functions as conscious sensations and rewarding behavior. The claustrum is regarded as a multi-modal information processing network. Pathology of the claustrum is seen in certain neurological disorders. To date, there are not enough comprehensive studies that contain accurate information regarding involvement of the claustrum in development of neurological disorders.

Objective: Our review aims to provide an update on claustrum anatomy, ontogenesis, cytoarchitecture, neural networks and their functional relation to the incidence of neurological diseases.

Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI MedLine, and eLibrary databases.

Results: Despite new methods that have made it possible to study the claustrum at the molecular, genetic and epigenetic levels, its functions and connectivity are still poorly understood. The anatomical location, relatively uniform cytoarchitecture, and vast network of connections suggest a divergent role of the claustrum in integration and processing of input information and formation of coherent perceptions. Several studies have shown changes in the appearance, structure and volume of the claustrum in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), autism, schizophrenia, and depressive disorders. Taking into account the structure, ontogenesis, and functions of the claustrum, this literature review offers insight into understanding the crucial role of this structure in brain function and behavior.

导言大脑皮质和皮质下神经微电路可能参与了意识感觉和奖励行为等功能的形成。耳丛被认为是一个多模式信息处理网络。在某些神经系统疾病中,可以看到鼓室出现病变。迄今为止,还没有足够全面的研究能准确说明神经系统疾病的发生与神经丛膜的参与有关:我们的综述旨在提供有关鼓室解剖、本体发育、细胞结构、神经网络及其与神经系统疾病发病率的功能关系的最新信息:使用 Google Scholar、PubMed、NCBI MedLine 和 eLibrary 数据库进行文献综述:结果:尽管新方法使人们有可能从分子、遗传和表观遗传学的层面研究鼓室,但人们对其功能和连接性仍然知之甚少。解剖学上的位置、相对统一的细胞结构和庞大的连接网络表明,鼓室在整合和处理输入信息以及形成连贯的知觉方面扮演着不同的角色。多项研究表明,在帕金森病(PD)、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、自闭症、精神分裂症和抑郁症等神经退行性疾病中,鼓室的外观、结构和体积都发生了变化。考虑到鼓室的结构、本体发生和功能,这篇文献综述为了解鼓室在大脑功能和行为中的关键作用提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Schizophrenia, the gut microbiota, and new opportunities from optogenetic manipulations of the gut-brain axis. 精神分裂症,肠道微生物群,以及肠-脑轴光遗传学操作的新机会。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2021-06-22 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00180-2
Enrico Patrono, Jan Svoboda, Aleš Stuchlík

Schizophrenia research arose in the twentieth century and is currently rapidly developing, focusing on many parallel research pathways and evaluating various concepts of disease etiology. Today, we have relatively good knowledge about the generation of positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. However, the neural basis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia, especially cognitive symptoms, are still poorly understood. Finding new methods to uncover the physiological basis of the mental inabilities related to schizophrenia is an urgent task for modern neuroscience because of the lack of specific therapies for cognitive deficits in the disease. Researchers have begun investigating functional crosstalk between NMDARs and GABAergic neurons associated with schizophrenia at different resolutions. In another direction, the gut microbiota is getting increasing interest from neuroscientists. Recent findings have highlighted the role of a gut-brain axis, with the gut microbiota playing a crucial role in several psychopathologies, including schizophrenia and autism.There have also been investigations into potential therapies aimed at normalizing altered microbiota signaling to the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the central nervous system (CNS). Probiotics diets and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are currently the most common therapies. Interestingly, in rodent models of binge feeding, optogenetic applications have been shown to affect gut colony sensitivity, thus increasing colonic transit. Here, we review recent findings on the gut microbiota-schizophrenia relationship using in vivo optogenetics. Moreover, we evaluate if manipulating actors in either the brain or the gut might improve potential treatment research. Such research and techniques will increase our knowledge of how the gut microbiota can manipulate GABA production, and therefore accompany changes in CNS GABAergic activity.

精神分裂症研究兴起于20世纪,目前发展迅速,集中在许多平行的研究途径和评估疾病病因学的各种概念。今天,我们对精神分裂症患者阳性和阴性症状的产生有了相对较好的了解。然而,精神分裂症的神经基础和病理生理学,特别是认知症状,仍然知之甚少。由于缺乏针对精神分裂症认知缺陷的特异性治疗方法,寻找新的方法来揭示精神分裂症相关精神残疾的生理基础是现代神经科学的一项紧迫任务。研究人员已经开始以不同的分辨率研究NMDARs和与精神分裂症相关的gaba能神经元之间的功能性串扰。另一方面,肠道微生物群正引起神经科学家越来越大的兴趣。最近的研究结果强调了肠脑轴的作用,肠道微生物群在包括精神分裂症和自闭症在内的几种精神病理学中起着至关重要的作用。也有研究旨在使肠道神经系统(ENS)和中枢神经系统(CNS)改变的微生物群信号正常化的潜在治疗方法。益生菌饮食和粪便微生物群移植是目前最常见的治疗方法。有趣的是,在暴饮暴食的啮齿动物模型中,光遗传学应用已被证明会影响肠道菌落敏感性,从而增加结肠运输。在这里,我们回顾了体内光遗传学在肠道微生物与精神分裂症关系方面的最新发现。此外,我们评估操纵大脑或肠道中的参与者是否可能改善潜在的治疗研究。这样的研究和技术将增加我们对肠道微生物群如何操纵GABA产生的认识,从而伴随中枢神经系统GABA能活性的变化。
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引用次数: 19
Molecular and cellular pathways contributing to brain aging. 导致大脑衰老的分子和细胞途径。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2021-06-12 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00179-9
Aliabbas Zia, Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri, Tahereh Farkhondeh, Saeed Samarghandian

Aging is the leading risk factor for several age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biology of aging mechanisms is essential to the pursuit of brain health. In this regard, brain aging is defined by a gradual decrease in neurophysiological functions, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity, dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and oxidatively modified molecules and organelles. Numerous pathways lead to brain aging, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, disturbances in energy metabolism such as deregulated autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and IGF-1, mTOR, ROS, AMPK, SIRTs, and p53 as central modulators of the metabolic control, connecting aging to the pathways, which lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Also, calorie restriction (CR), physical exercise, and mental activities can extend lifespan and increase nervous system resistance to age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroprotective effect of CR involves increased protection against ROS generation, maintenance of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and inhibition of apoptosis. The recent evidence about the modem molecular and cellular methods in neurobiology to brain aging is exhibiting a significant potential in brain cells for adaptation to aging and resistance to neurodegenerative disorders.

衰老是一些与年龄相关的疾病(如神经退行性疾病)的主要危险因素。了解衰老机制的生物学对追求大脑健康至关重要。在这方面,脑老化的定义是神经生理功能的逐渐下降,适应性神经可塑性受损,神经元Ca2+稳态失调,神经炎症以及氧化修饰的分子和细胞器。许多途径导致大脑衰老,包括氧化应激增加、炎症、能量代谢紊乱(如自噬失调)、线粒体功能障碍,以及作为代谢控制中枢调节剂的IGF-1、mTOR、ROS、AMPK、sirt和p53,将衰老与导致神经退行性疾病的途径联系起来。此外,卡路里限制(CR)、体育锻炼和精神活动可以延长寿命,增强神经系统对与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病的抵抗力。CR的神经保护作用包括增强对ROS生成的保护,维持细胞Ca2+稳态和抑制细胞凋亡。最近关于神经生物学中脑衰老的现代分子和细胞方法的证据表明,脑细胞在适应衰老和抵抗神经退行性疾病方面具有重要的潜力。
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引用次数: 53
The effects of naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin on seizure and sedation in acute on chronic tramadol administration: an experimental study. 纳洛酮、地西泮和槲皮素对慢性曲马多急性发作和镇静作用的实验研究。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2021-05-29 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00178-w
Samaneh Nakhaee, Khadijeh Farrokhfall, Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam, Mohsen Foadoddini, Masoumeh Askari, Alireza Amirabadizadeh, Jeffrey Brent, Bruno Megarbane, Omid Mehrpour

Background: Tramadol is a widely used synthetic opioid. Substantial research has previously focused on the neurological effects of this drug, while the efficacy of various treatments to reduce the associated side effects has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin on tramadol overdose-induced seizure and sedation level in male rats.

Methods: The project was performed with 72 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 200-250 g. The rats were randomly assigned to eight groups. Tramadol was administered intraperitoneally at an initial dose of 25 mg/kg/day. On the 14th day, tramadol was injected at 75 mg/kg, either alone or together with naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin (acute and chronic) individually or in combination. The rats were monitored for 6 h on the last day, and the number, the duration, and the severity of seizures (using the criteria of Racine) were measured over a 6-h observation period. The sedation level was also assessed based on a 4-point criterion, ranging from 0 to 3. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, regression analysis, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) tests. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results: The naloxone-diazepam combination reduced the number, severity, and cumulative duration of seizures compared to tramadol use alone and reduced the number of higher-intensity seizures (level 3, 4) to a greater extent than other treatments. Naloxone alone reduced the number and duration of seizures but increased the number of mild seizures (level 2). Diazepam decreased the severity and duration of seizures. However, it increased the number of mild seizures (level 2). In comparison with the tramadol alone group, the acute quercetin group exhibited higher numbers of mild (level 2) and moderate (level 3) seizures. Chronic quercetin administration significantly increased the number of mild seizures. In the GEE model, all groups had higher sedation levels than the saline only group (P < 0.001). None of the protocols had a significant effect on sedation levels compared to the tramadol group.

Conclusion: The combined administration of naloxone and diazepam in acute-on-chronic tramadol poisoning can effectively reduce most seizure variables compared to tramadol use alone. However, none of the treatments improved sedation levels.

背景:曲马多是一种应用广泛的合成阿片类药物。大量的研究以前集中在这种药物的神经效应上,而各种治疗方法减少相关副作用的功效尚未得到很好的研究。本研究旨在评价纳洛酮、地西泮和槲皮素对曲马多过量诱导的雄性大鼠癫痫发作和镇静水平的保护作用。方法:选用平均体重200 ~ 250 g的雄性Wistar大鼠72只。这些大鼠被随机分为八组。曲马多以25 mg/kg/天的初始剂量腹腔注射。第14天,曲马多以75 mg/kg剂量单独或与纳洛酮、地西泮、槲皮素(急慢性)单独或联合注射。最后一天监测大鼠6小时,观察6小时内癫痫发作次数、持续时间和严重程度(以拉辛标准)。镇静水平也根据4点标准进行评估,范围从0到3。数据在SPSS软件中使用Kruskal-Wallis、卡方、回归分析和广义估计方程(GEE)检验进行分析。结果:与曲马多单独使用相比,纳洛酮-地西泮联合使用降低了癫痫发作的次数、严重程度和累积持续时间,并且比其他治疗更大程度地降低了高强度癫痫发作的次数(3,4级)。单独纳洛酮减少了癫痫发作的次数和持续时间,但增加了轻度癫痫发作的次数(2级)。地西泮减少了癫痫发作的严重程度和持续时间。然而,它增加了轻度癫痫发作的次数(2级)。与单独曲马多组相比,急性槲皮素组表现出更高的轻度(2级)和中度(3级)癫痫发作的次数。长期服用槲皮素显著增加轻度癫痫发作的次数。在GEE模型中,各组小鼠的镇静水平均高于单纯生理盐水组(P)。结论:纳洛酮联合地西泮治疗急慢性曲马多中毒比单用曲马多能有效降低大部分癫痫发作变量。然而,没有一种治疗方法能改善镇静水平。
{"title":"The effects of naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin on seizure and sedation in acute on chronic tramadol administration: an experimental study.","authors":"Samaneh Nakhaee,&nbsp;Khadijeh Farrokhfall,&nbsp;Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam,&nbsp;Mohsen Foadoddini,&nbsp;Masoumeh Askari,&nbsp;Alireza Amirabadizadeh,&nbsp;Jeffrey Brent,&nbsp;Bruno Megarbane,&nbsp;Omid Mehrpour","doi":"10.1186/s12993-021-00178-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-021-00178-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tramadol is a widely used synthetic opioid. Substantial research has previously focused on the neurological effects of this drug, while the efficacy of various treatments to reduce the associated side effects has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin on tramadol overdose-induced seizure and sedation level in male rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The project was performed with 72 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 200-250 g. The rats were randomly assigned to eight groups. Tramadol was administered intraperitoneally at an initial dose of 25 mg/kg/day. On the 14th day, tramadol was injected at 75 mg/kg, either alone or together with naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin (acute and chronic) individually or in combination. The rats were monitored for 6 h on the last day, and the number, the duration, and the severity of seizures (using the criteria of Racine) were measured over a 6-h observation period. The sedation level was also assessed based on a 4-point criterion, ranging from 0 to 3. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, regression analysis, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) tests. The significance level was set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The naloxone-diazepam combination reduced the number, severity, and cumulative duration of seizures compared to tramadol use alone and reduced the number of higher-intensity seizures (level 3, 4) to a greater extent than other treatments. Naloxone alone reduced the number and duration of seizures but increased the number of mild seizures (level 2). Diazepam decreased the severity and duration of seizures. However, it increased the number of mild seizures (level 2). In comparison with the tramadol alone group, the acute quercetin group exhibited higher numbers of mild (level 2) and moderate (level 3) seizures. Chronic quercetin administration significantly increased the number of mild seizures. In the GEE model, all groups had higher sedation levels than the saline only group (P < 0.001). None of the protocols had a significant effect on sedation levels compared to the tramadol group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined administration of naloxone and diazepam in acute-on-chronic tramadol poisoning can effectively reduce most seizure variables compared to tramadol use alone. However, none of the treatments improved sedation levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12993-021-00178-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39032057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Distinct behavioral traits and associated brain regions in mouse models for obsessive-compulsive disorder. 强迫症小鼠模型中不同的行为特征和相关的大脑区域。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00177-x
Xiao Chen, Jihui Yue, Yuchong Luo, Lianyan Huang, Boxing Li, Shenglin Wen

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disease with heterogeneous behavioral phenotypes, including repetitive behaviors, anxiety, and impairments in cognitive functions. The brain regions related to the behavioral heterogeneity, however, are unknown.

Methods: We systematically examined the behavioral phenotypes of three OCD mouse models induced by pharmacological reagents [RU24969, 8-hydroxy-DPAT hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT), and 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine hydrochloride-99% (MCPP)], and compared the activated brain regions in each model, respectively.

Results: We found that the mouse models presented distinct OCD-like behavioral traits. RU24969-treated mice exhibited repetitive circling, anxiety, and impairments in recognition memory. 8-OH-DPAT-treated mice exhibited excessive spray-induced grooming as well as impairments in recognition memory. MCPP-treated mice showed only excessive self-grooming. To determine the brain regions related to these distinct behavioral traits, we examined c-fos expression to indicate the neuronal activation in the brain. Our results showed that RU24969-treated mice exhibited increased c-fos expression in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prelimbic cortex (PrL), infralimbic cortex (IL), nucleus accumbens (NAc), hypothalamus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, intermediate part (BSTLD), and interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, lateral part (IPACL), whereas in 8-OH-DPAT-treated mice showed increased c-fos expression in the ACC, PrL, IL, OFC, NAc shell, and hypothalamus. By contrast, MCPP did not induce higher c-fos expression in the cortex than control groups.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that different OCD mouse models exhibited distinct behavioral traits, which may be mediated by the activation of different brain regions.

背景:强迫症(Obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD)是一种具有异质性行为表型的精神疾病,包括重复行为、焦虑和认知功能障碍。然而,与行为异质性相关的大脑区域尚不清楚。方法:系统检测药理学试剂RU24969、8-羟基- dpat氢溴化物(8-OH-DPAT)和1-(3-氯苯基)哌嗪-99% (MCPP)诱导的3种强迫症小鼠模型的行为表型,并分别比较各模型的激活脑区。结果:我们发现小鼠模型表现出明显的强迫症样行为特征。ru24969治疗小鼠表现出重复打圈、焦虑和识别记忆损伤。8- oh - dpat处理的小鼠表现出过度的喷雾诱导的梳理以及识别记忆的损伤。mcpp处理的小鼠只表现出过度的自我梳理。为了确定与这些不同行为特征相关的大脑区域,我们检查了c-fos表达以指示大脑中的神经元激活。我们的研究结果表明,ru24969处理的小鼠在眶额皮质(OFC)、前扣带皮质(ACC)、边缘前皮质(PrL)、边缘下皮质(IL)、伏隔核(NAc)、下丘脑、终纹床核、外侧分割、中间部分(BSTLD)和前联合后肢外侧部分(IPACL)的c-fos表达增加,而8- oh - dpat处理的小鼠在ACC中c-fos表达增加。PrL, IL, OFC, NAc壳和下丘脑。相比之下,MCPP并没有诱导皮层中c-fos的表达高于对照组。结论:不同强迫症小鼠模型表现出不同的行为特征,这可能与不同脑区的激活有关。
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引用次数: 6
Linalool odor-induced analgesia is triggered by TRPA1-independent pathway in mice. 芳樟醇气味诱导的小鼠镇痛是通过trpa1非依赖性通路触发的。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00176-y
Hideki Kashiwadani, Yurina Higa, Mitsutaka Sugimura, Tomoyuki Kuwaki

We had recently reported that linalool odor exposure induced significant analgesic effects in mice and that the effects were disappeared in olfactory-deprived mice in which the olfactory epithelium was damaged, thus indicating that the effects were triggered by chemical senses evoked by linalool odor exposure. However, the peripheral neuronal mechanisms, including linalool receptors that contribute toward triggering the linalool odor-induced analgesia, still remain unexplored. In vitro studies have shown that the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) responded to linalool, thus raising the possibility that TRPA1 expressed on the trigeminal nerve terminal detects linalool odor inhaled into the nostril and triggers the analgesic effects. To address this hypothesis, we measured the behavioral pain threshold for noxious mechanical stimulation in TRPA1-deficient mice. In contrast to our expectation, we found a significant increase in the threshold after linalool odor exposure in TRPA1-deficient mice, indicating the analgesic effects of linalool odor even in TRPA1-deficient mice. Furthermore, intranasal application of TRPA1 selective antagonist did not alter the analgesic effect of linalool odor. These results showed that the linalool odor-induced analgesia was triggered by a TRPA1-independent pathway in mice.

我们最近报道了芳樟醇气味暴露对小鼠有明显的镇痛作用,而在嗅觉剥夺小鼠中,这种作用在嗅觉上皮受损的小鼠中消失,这表明这种作用是由芳樟醇气味暴露引起的化学感觉触发的。然而,周围神经元的机制,包括芳樟醇受体,有助于触发芳樟醇气味诱导的镇痛,仍然未被探索。体外研究表明,瞬时受体电位锚蛋白1 (TRPA1)对芳樟醇有应答,从而提出了三叉神经末梢表达的TRPA1检测到吸入鼻孔的芳樟醇气味并触发其镇痛作用的可能性。为了验证这一假设,我们测量了trpa1缺陷小鼠在有害机械刺激下的行为痛阈值。与我们的预期相反,我们发现trpa1缺陷小鼠暴露在芳樟醇气味后阈值显著增加,表明即使在trpa1缺陷小鼠中,芳樟醇气味也有镇痛作用。此外,鼻内应用TRPA1选择性拮抗剂并没有改变芳樟醇气味的镇痛作用。这些结果表明,芳樟醇气味引起的小鼠镇痛是通过trpa1不依赖通路触发的。
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引用次数: 8
Susceptibility to chronic immobilization stress-induced depressive-like behaviour in middle-aged female mice and accompanying changes in dopamine D1 and GABAA receptors in related brain regions. 中年雌性小鼠对慢性固定应激诱导的抑郁样行为的易感性及相关脑区多巴胺D1和GABAA受体的变化
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00175-z
Guofen Cao, Gaili Meng, Li Zhu, Jie Zhu, Nan Dong, Xiaolan Zhou, Sumei Zhang, Yongai Zhang

Background: Middle-aged females, especially perimenopausal females, are vulnerable to depression, but the potential mechanism remains unclear. Dopaminergic and GABAergic system dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. In the current study, we used 2-month-old and 11-month-old C57BL/6 mice as young and middle-aged mice, respectively. Chronic immobilization stress (CIS) was used to induce depressive-like behaviour, and the sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) were used to assess these behaviours. We then measured the mRNA levels of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) and the GABAA receptors GABRA1, GABRB2 and GABRG2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Results: We found that immobility time in the FST was significantly increased in the middle-aged mice compared with the middle-aged control mice and the young mice. In addition, the preference for sucrose water was reduced in the middle-aged mice compared with the middle-aged control mice. However, CIS did not induce obvious changes in the performance of the young mice in our behavioural tests. Moreover, the middle-aged mice exhibited equal immobility times as the young mice in the absence of stress. Decreases in the mRNA levels of DRD1, GABRA1, and GABRB2 but not GABRG2 were found in the NAc and PFC in the middle-aged mice in the absence of stress. Further decreases in the mRNA levels of DRD1 in the NAc and GABRG2 in the NAc and PFC were found in the middle-aged mice subjected to CIS.

Conclusions: Our results suggested that ageing could not directly induce depression in the absence of stress. However, ageing could induce susceptibility to depression in middle-aged mice in the presence of stress. CIS-induced decreases in DRD1 and GABRG2 levels might be involved in the increase in susceptibility to depression in this context.

背景:中年女性,尤其是围绝经期女性易患抑郁症,但其潜在机制尚不清楚。多巴胺能和gaba能系统功能障碍与抑郁症的病理生理有关。在本研究中,我们将2月龄和11月龄的C57BL/6小鼠分别作为青年和中年小鼠。采用慢性固定应激(CIS)诱导抑郁样行为,并采用蔗糖偏好试验(SPT)、悬尾试验(TST)和强迫游泳试验(FST)评估这些行为。然后,我们测量了伏隔核(NAc)和前额皮质(PFC)中多巴胺受体D1 (DRD1)和GABAA受体GABRA1、GABRB2和GABRG2的mRNA水平。结果:我们发现,与中年对照小鼠和青年小鼠相比,中年小鼠在FST的静止时间明显增加。此外,与中年对照组小鼠相比,中年小鼠对蔗糖水的偏好有所降低。然而,在我们的行为测试中,CIS并没有引起幼鼠表现的明显变化。此外,在没有压力的情况下,中年小鼠表现出与年轻小鼠相同的静止时间。在无应激状态下,中年小鼠NAc和PFC中DRD1、GABRA1和GABRB2 mRNA水平下降,而GABRG2 mRNA水平未见下降。CIS处理的中年小鼠NAc中DRD1和NAc和PFC中GABRG2的mRNA水平进一步降低。结论:我们的研究结果表明,在没有压力的情况下,衰老不会直接导致抑郁。然而,衰老可能导致中年老鼠在压力下容易抑郁。在这种情况下,cis诱导的DRD1和GABRG2水平的降低可能与抑郁易感性的增加有关。
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引用次数: 1
The effect of the mGlu8 receptor agonist, (S)-3,4-DCPG on acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats. mGlu8受体激动剂(S)-3,4- dcpg对吗啡诱导的雄性大鼠条件位置偏好获得和表达的影响。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2021-02-21 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00174-0
Nazanin Kahvandi, Zahra Ebrahimi, Seyed Asaad Karimi, Siamak Shahidi, Iraj Salehi, Marzieh Naderishahab, Abdolrahman Sarihi

Background: The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a principal role in drug reward. It has been reported that metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors) play a key role in the rewarding pathway(s). Previous studies have shown the vast allocation of the different types of mGlu receptors, including mGlu8 receptors, in regions that are associated with opioid rewards, such as the NAc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of mGlu8 receptors within the NAc in the acquisition and expression phases of morphine induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally implanted by two cannulas' in the NAc and were evaluated in a CPP paradigm. Selective mGlu8 receptor allosteric agonist (S-3,4-DCPG) was administered at doses of 0.03, 0.3, and 3 μg/0.5 μL saline per side into the NAc on both sides during the 3 days of morphine (5 mg/kg) conditioning (acquisition) phase, or before place preference test, or post-conditioning (expression) phase of morphine-induced CPP.

Results: The results revealed that intra-accumbal administration of S-3,4-DCPG (0.3 and 3 μg) markedly decreased the acquisition in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on expression of morphine-induced CPP.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that activation of mGlu8 receptors in the NAc dose-dependently blocks the establishment of morphine-induced CPP and reduces the rewarding properties of morphine which may be related to the glutamate activity into the NAc and in reward pathway(s). These data suggest that mGlu8 receptor may be involved in conditioned morphine reward.

背景:伏隔核(NAc)在药物奖励中起主要作用。据报道,代谢性谷氨酸受体(mGlu受体)在奖赏通路中起关键作用。先前的研究表明,不同类型的mGlu受体,包括mGlu8受体,在与阿片类奖赏相关的区域,如NAc中有大量分布。本研究的目的是评估mGlu8受体在吗啡诱导的条件位置偏好(CPP)的获得和表达阶段的作用。成年雄性Wistar大鼠在双侧NAc内植入两根套管,并在CPP模式下进行评估。选择性mGlu8受体变构激动剂(s -3,4- dcpg)分别以0.03、0.3和3 μg/0.5 μL生理盐水的剂量,在吗啡(5 mg/kg)诱导CPP的3天条件反射(获取)期、位置偏好测试前、条件反射后(表达)期给予双侧NAc。结果:s -3,4- dcpg(0.3和3 μg)伏隔区给药可显著降低CPP的获得,且呈剂量依赖性,但对吗啡诱导的CPP表达无影响。结论:NAc中mGlu8受体的激活可剂量依赖性地阻断吗啡诱导的CPP的建立,并降低吗啡的奖赏特性,这可能与谷氨酸进入NAc和奖赏通路的活性有关。这些数据提示mGlu8受体可能参与条件吗啡奖赏。
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引用次数: 1
Rapid acquisition of novel written word-forms: ERP evidence. 快速习得新颖的书面形式:ERP证据。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-020-00173-7
Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto, Yury Shtyrov, David Beltrán, Fernando Cuetos, Alberto Domínguez

Background: Novel word acquisition is generally believed to be a rapid process, essential for ensuring a flexible and efficient communication system; at least in spoken language, learners are able to construct memory traces for new linguistic stimuli after just a few exposures. However, such rapid word learning has not been systematically found in visual domain, with different confounding factors obscuring the orthographic learning of novel words. This study explored the changes in human brain activity occurring online, during a brief training with novel written word-forms using a silent reading task RESULTS: Single-trial, cluster-based random permutation analysis revealed that training caused an extremely fast (after just one repetition) and stable facilitation in novel word processing, reflected in the modulation of P200 and N400 components, possibly indicating rapid dynamics at early and late stages of the lexical processing. Furthermore, neural source estimation of these effects revealed the recruitment of brain areas involved in orthographic and lexico-semantic processing, respectively.

Conclusions: These results suggest the formation of neural memory traces for novel written word-forms after a minimal exposure to them even in the absence of a semantic reference, resembling the rapid learning processes known to occur in spoken language.

背景:新语习得通常被认为是一个快速的过程,对确保灵活高效的交际系统至关重要;至少在口语中,学习者在接触几次新的语言刺激后就能够构建记忆痕迹。然而,这种快速的单词学习在视觉领域还没有系统的发现,不同的干扰因素模糊了新单词的正字法学习。结果:单次试验、基于聚类的随机排列分析显示,训练对新单词处理产生了极快(仅在一次重复之后)且稳定的促进作用,反映在P200和N400成分的调节上,这可能表明词汇处理的早期和后期阶段是快速动态的。此外,对这些影响的神经源估计显示,正字法和词汇语义处理脑区分别参与了招募。结论:这些结果表明,即使在没有语义参考的情况下,对新颖的书面词汇形式进行最小程度的接触后,神经记忆痕迹的形成与口头语言中已知的快速学习过程类似。
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引用次数: 1
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Behavioral and Brain Functions
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