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Excitability, synaptic balance, and addiction: The homeostatic dynamics of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors in VTA after cocaine exposure. 兴奋性、突触平衡和成瘾:暴露于可卡因后 VTA 中离子型谷氨酸能受体的平衡动态。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-020-00168-4
Thiago C Moulin, Helgi B Schiöth

Glutamatergic AMPA and NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are central for cocaine first exposure and posterior craving maintenance. However, the exact rules that coordinate the synaptic dynamics of these receptors in dopaminergic VTA neurons and behavioral outcomes are poorly understood. Additionally, synaptic homeostatic plasticity is present in response to chronic excitability changes in neuronal circuits, adjusting the strength of synapses to stabilize the firing rate. Despite having correspondent mechanisms, little is known about the relationship between continuous cocaine exposure and homeostatic synaptic changes in the VTA neurons. Here, we assess the role of homeostatic mechanisms in the neurobiology of cocaine addiction by providing a brief overview of the parallels between cocaine-induced synaptic potentiation and long-term synaptic adaptations, focusing on the regulation of GluA1- and GluN1- containing receptors.

腹侧被盖区(VTA)中的谷氨酸能 AMPA 和 NMDA 受体是首次接触可卡因和之后维持渴求的核心。然而,协调多巴胺能 VTA 神经元中这些受体的突触动态和行为结果的确切规则却鲜为人知。此外,神经元回路中还存在突触同态可塑性,以应对长期的兴奋性变化,调整突触强度以稳定发射率。尽管存在相应的机制,但人们对持续暴露于可卡因与 VTA 神经元中的突触稳态变化之间的关系知之甚少。在这里,我们通过简要概述可卡因诱导的突触电位和长期突触适应之间的相似之处,评估了稳态机制在可卡因成瘾的神经生物学中的作用,重点是含GluA1-和GluN1-受体的调节。
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引用次数: 0
Maternal depression is associated with altered functional connectivity between neural circuits related to visual, auditory, and cognitive processing during stories listening in preschoolers. 母亲抑郁与学龄前儿童听故事时视觉、听觉和认知处理相关神经回路之间功能连接的改变有关。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2020-04-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-020-00167-5
Rola Farah, Paige Greenwood, Johnathan Dudley, John Hutton, Robert T Ammerman, Kieran Phelan, Scott Holland, Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus

Background: Maternal depression can influence the early activity of a mother reading stories to a young child, as depressed mothers are less likely to read to their children. Here, maternal depression association to neurobiological circuitry of narrative comprehension, visualization, and executive functions during stories listening was examined in 21 4-year-old girls and their mothers. Maternal depression scores were collected from the mothers, and functional MRI during stories listening was collected from the children.

Results: Increased maternal depression was related to decreased functional connectivity between visualization and auditory regions and increased connectivity between the right visual cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the children.

Conclusions: This study highlights the need to monitor maternal depression and provide interventions to ensure positive linguistic outcomes in children.

背景:母亲抑郁会影响母亲给幼儿读故事的早期活动,因为抑郁的母亲不太可能给孩子读故事。在此,我们研究了 21 名 4 岁女孩及其母亲在听故事时母亲抑郁与叙事理解、可视化和执行功能神经生物学回路的关系。研究收集了母亲的抑郁评分,并收集了孩子听故事时的功能磁共振成像:结果:母亲抑郁程度的增加与儿童视觉和听觉区域之间功能连接的减少以及右侧视觉皮层和背外侧前额叶皮层之间连接的增加有关:本研究强调了监测母亲抑郁情况并提供干预措施以确保儿童获得积极语言成果的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Naringin provides neuroprotection in CCL2-induced cognition impairment by attenuating neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus. 柚皮苷对ccl2诱导的认知障碍具有神经保护作用,其机制是减轻海马神经元凋亡。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2020-02-27 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-020-00166-6
Jiang-Yi Long, Jian-Min Chen, Yuan-Jun Liao, Yi-Jun Zhou, Bing-Yu Liang, Yan Zhou

Background: Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) is one of the most widely recognised proinflammatory chemokines in cognitive disorders. Currently, CCL2-targeting drugs are extremely limited. Thus, this study aimed to explore the neuroprotection afforded by naringin in CCL2-induced cognitive impairment in rats.

Methods: Before the CCL2 intra-hippocampal injection, rats were treated with naringin for 3 consecutive days via intraperitoneal injection. Two days post-surgery, the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NORT) tests were performed to detect spatial learning and memory and object cognition, respectively. Nissl staining and dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining were performed to assess histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Commercial kits were used to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the relative mRNA expression of interleukin 1β, (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG), cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease 8 (caspase-8), cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease 3 (caspase-3), cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax).

Results: In the MWM, the average escape latency and average swimming distance were significantly reduced and the crossing times were increased in the naringin-treated groups, compared with the CCL2 group. The NORT results revealed that, compared with the CCL2 rats, the discrimination index in the naringin-treated rats increased significantly. Nissl and TUNEL staining revealed that naringin protected the structure and survival of the neurons in the CA1 zone of the hippocampus. In the naringin-treated groups, the SOD and GSH-Px activities were increased, whereas the MDA levels were decreased. Furthermore, in the naringin-treated groups, the relative mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was significantly decreased; GLAST and GLT-1 mRNA expression levels were increased, whereas PAG was decreased. In the naringin-treated groups, the relative mRNA expression levels of caspase-8, caspase-3, and Bax were decreased, whereas that of Bcl-2 was increased.

Conclusion: Collectively, these data indicated that naringin alleviated the CCL2-induced cognitive impairment. The underlying mechanisms could be associated with the inhibition of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the regulation of glutamate metabolism.

背景:趋化因子C-C基序配体2 (CCL2)是认知障碍中最广泛认识的促炎趋化因子之一。目前,针对ccl2的药物非常有限。因此,本研究旨在探讨柚皮苷对ccl2诱导的大鼠认知功能障碍的神经保护作用。方法:大鼠在CCL2海马内注射前,连续3 d腹腔注射柚皮苷。术后2 d进行Morris水迷宫(MWM)和新物体识别(NORT)测试,分别检测空间学习记忆和物体认知。采用尼氏染色和dUTP镍端标记(TUNEL)染色评估海马组织病理变化。采用商品化试剂盒检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。采用实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测白细胞介素1β (IL-1β)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)、谷氨酸/天冬氨酸转运蛋白(GLAST)、谷氨酸转运蛋白-1 (GLT-1)、磷酸活化谷氨酰胺酶(PAG)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶8 (caspase-8)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶3 (caspase-3)、细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2 (Bcl-2)和Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax) mRNA的相对表达。结果:在MWM中,与CCL2组相比,柚皮苷处理组的平均逃避潜伏期和平均游泳距离明显缩短,穿越次数明显增加。NORT结果显示,与CCL2大鼠相比,柚皮素处理大鼠的识别指数明显升高。Nissl和TUNEL染色显示柚皮苷对海马CA1区神经元的结构和存活有保护作用。柚皮素处理组SOD和GSH-Px活性升高,MDA水平降低。柚皮素处理组IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA相对表达量显著降低;GLAST和GLT-1 mRNA表达水平升高,PAG表达水平降低。柚皮素处理组caspase-8、caspase-3、Bax mRNA相对表达量降低,Bcl-2 mRNA相对表达量升高。结论:综上所述,这些数据表明柚皮苷减轻了ccl2诱导的认知功能障碍。其潜在机制可能与抑制神经炎症、氧化应激、细胞凋亡和调节谷氨酸代谢有关。
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引用次数: 16
Commercial video games and cognitive functions: video game genres and modulating factors of cognitive enhancement. 商业电子游戏和认知功能:电子游戏类型和认知增强的调节因素。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2020-02-03 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-020-0165-z
Eunhye Choi, Suk-Ho Shin, Jeh-Kwang Ryu, Kyu-In Jung, Shin-Young Kim, Min-Hyeon Park

Background: Unlike the emphasis on negative results of video games such as the impulsive engagement in video games, cognitive training studies in individuals with cognitive deficits showed that characteristics of video game elements were helpful to train cognitive functions. Thus, this study aimed to have a more balanced view toward the video game playing by reviewing genres of commercial video games and the association of video games with cognitive functions and modulating factors. Literatures were searched with search terms (e.g. genres of video games, cognitive training) on database and Google scholar.

Results: video games, of which purpose is players' entertainment, were found to be positively associated with cognitive functions (e.g. attention, problem solving skills) despite some discrepancy between studies. However, the enhancement of cognitive functions through video gaming was limited to the task or performance requiring the same cognitive functions. Moreover, as several factors (e.g. age, gender) were identified to modulate cognitive enhancement, the individual difference in the association between video game playing and cognitive function was found.

Conclusion: Commercial video games are suggested to have the potential for cognitive function enhancement. As understanding the association between video gaming and cognitive function in a more balanced view is essential to evaluate the potential outcomes of commercial video games that more people reported to engage, this review contributes to provide more objective evidence for commercial video gaming.

背景:与强调电子游戏的负面结果(如电子游戏中的冲动性参与)不同,对认知缺陷个体的认知训练研究表明,电子游戏元素的特征有助于训练认知功能。因此,本研究旨在通过回顾商业电子游戏的类型以及电子游戏与认知功能和调节因素之间的联系,对电子游戏玩法有一个更平衡的看法。通过检索词(如电子游戏类型、认知训练)在数据库和Google scholar上检索文献。结果:尽管研究结果存在差异,但以玩家娱乐为目的的电子游戏与认知功能(如注意力、解决问题的能力)呈正相关。然而,通过电子游戏增强认知功能仅限于需要相同认知功能的任务或表现。此外,随着一些因素(如年龄,性别)被确定为调节认知增强,电子游戏玩和认知功能之间的关联的个体差异也被发现。结论:商业电子游戏被认为具有增强认知功能的潜力。从更平衡的角度理解电子游戏和认知功能之间的关系对于评估更多人参与的商业电子游戏的潜在结果至关重要,这篇综述有助于为商业电子游戏提供更客观的证据。
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引用次数: 41
Sexual dimorphism in cognitive disorders in a murine model of neuropathic pain. 神经性疼痛小鼠模型认知障碍中的两性二态性。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2020-01-04 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0164-0
Soonmi Won, Keebum Park, Hyoungsub Lim, Sung Joong Lee

Background: A sex-difference in susceptibility to chronic pain is well-known. Although recent studies have begun to reveal the sex-dependent mechanisms of nerve injury-induced pain sensitization, sex differences in the affective and cognitive brain dysfunctions associated with chronic pain have not been investigated. Therefore, we tested whether chronic pain leads to affective and cognitive disorders in a mouse neuropathic pain model and whether those disorders are sexually dimorphic.

Methods: Chronic neuropathic pain was induced in male and female mice by L5 spinal nerve transection (SNT) injury. Pain sensitivity was measured with the von Frey test. Affective behaviors such as depression and anxiety were assessed by the forced swim, tail suspension, and open field tests. Cognitive brain function was assessed with the Morris water maze and the novel object location and novel object recognition tests.

Results: Mechanical allodynia was induced and maintained for up to 8 weeks after SNT in both male and female mice. Depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors were observed 8 weeks post-SNT injury regardless of sex. Chronic pain-induced cognitive deficits measured with the Morris water maze and novel object location test were seen only in male mice, not in female mice.

Conclusions: Chronic neuropathic pain is accompanied by anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in a mouse model regardless of sex, and male mice are more vulnerable than female mice to chronic pain-associated cognitive deficits.

背景:慢性疼痛易感性的性别差异是众所周知的。尽管最近的研究已经开始揭示神经损伤诱导的疼痛敏感化的性别依赖机制,但与慢性疼痛相关的情感和认知脑功能障碍的性别差异尚未得到研究。因此,我们在小鼠神经性疼痛模型中测试了慢性疼痛是否会导致情感和认知障碍,以及这些障碍是否具有两性二态性。方法:采用L5脊髓神经横断(SNT)损伤诱导雌雄小鼠慢性神经性疼痛。用von Frey试验测量疼痛敏感性。通过强迫游泳、悬尾和野外测试来评估抑郁和焦虑等情感行为。采用Morris水迷宫、新目标定位和新目标识别测试评估脑认知功能。结果:雄性和雌性小鼠在SNT后均能诱导并维持机械异常性疼痛长达8周。不论性别,在snt损伤后8周观察到抑郁和焦虑样行为。用Morris水迷宫和新物体定位测试测量的慢性疼痛引起的认知缺陷只在雄性小鼠中发现,而在雌性小鼠中没有发现。结论:在小鼠模型中,慢性神经性疼痛伴焦虑和抑郁样行为,雄性小鼠比雌性小鼠更容易出现慢性疼痛相关的认知缺陷。
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引用次数: 7
Traumatic injury in female Drosophila melanogaster affects the development and induces behavioral abnormalities in the offspring 雌性黑腹果蝇的创伤性损伤会影响其后代的发育并诱发其行为异常
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2019-10-25 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0163-1
V. Chauhan, A. Chauhan
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引用次数: 6
Course | School of Brain Cells & Circuits “Camillo Golgi”: From cell physiology to integrated signals and emerging brain functions 课程|脑细胞与电路学院“卡米洛·高尔基”:从细胞生理学到综合信号和新兴脑功能
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2019-08-13 DOI: 10.3389/978-2-88945-584-3
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引用次数: 0
Age and cognitive status dependent differences in blood steroid and thyroid hormone concentrations in intact male rats. 完整雄性大鼠血液类固醇和甲状腺激素浓度的年龄和认知状态依赖性差异。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0161-3
Jovana Maliković, Daniel Daba Feyissa, Predrag Kalaba, Babak Saber Marouf, Harald Höger, Michaela F Hartmann, Stefan A Wudy, Gerhard Schuler, Gert Lubec, Jana Aradska, Volker Korz

Background: Age-dependent alterations of hormonal states have been considered to be involved in age related decline of cognitive abilities. Most of the studies in animal models are based on hormonal substitution in adrenal- and/or gonadectomized rodents or infusion of steroid hormones in intact rats. Moreover, the manipulations have been done timely, closely related to test procedures, thus reflecting short-term hormonal mechanisms in the regulation of learning and memory. Here we studied whether more general states of steroid and thyroid hormone profiles, independent from acute experiences, may possibly reflect long-term learning capacity. A large cohort of aged (17-18 months) intact male rats were tested in a spatial hole-board learning task and a subset of inferior and superior learners was included into the analysis. Young male adult rats (16 weeks of age) were also tested. Four to 8 weeks after testing blood plasma samples were taken and hormone concentrations of a variety of steroid hormones were measured by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry or radioimmunoassay (17β-estradiol, thyroid hormones).

Results: Aged good learners were similar to young rats in the behavioral task. Aged poor learners but not good learners showed higher levels of triiodothyronine (T3) as compared to young rats. Aged good learners had higher levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) than aged poor learning and young rats. Both aged good and poor learners showed significantly reduced levels of testosterone (T), 4-androstenedione (4A), androstanediol-3α,17β (AD), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), higher levels of progesterone (Prog) and similar levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) as compared to young rats. The learning, but not the memory indices of all rats were significantly and positively correlated with levels of dihydrotestosterone, androstanediol-3α,17β and thyroxine (T4), when the impacts of age and cognitive division were eliminated by partial correlation analyses.

Conclusion: The correlation of hormone concentrations of individuals with individual behavior revealed a possible specific role of these androgen and thyroid hormones in a state of general preparedness to learn.

背景:激素状态的年龄依赖性改变被认为与年龄相关的认知能力下降有关。大多数动物模型的研究都是基于肾上腺和/或性腺去角质啮齿动物的激素替代或完整大鼠的类固醇激素输注。此外,这些操作都是及时的,与测试程序密切相关,从而反映了学习和记忆调节中的短期激素机制。在这里,我们研究了类固醇和甲状腺激素谱的一般状态是否独立于急性经验,可能反映长期学习能力。我们对17-18个月的成年雄性大鼠进行了空间孔板学习任务测试,并将学习能力较差和较强的大鼠分别纳入分析。年轻雄性成年大鼠(16周龄)也进行了测试。检测后4 ~ 8周,取血浆标本,采用气相色谱-串联质谱法或放射免疫分析法(17β-雌二醇、甲状腺激素)测定多种类固醇激素的激素浓度。结果:老年良好学习者在行为任务上与青年大鼠相似。与年轻大鼠相比,学习能力差但学习能力不佳的老年大鼠的三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)水平更高。老年学习能力强的大鼠的促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平高于老年学习能力差的大鼠和年轻大鼠。与年轻大鼠相比,老年学习成绩好的和学习成绩差的大鼠睾酮(T)、4-雄烯二酮(4A)、雄烯二醇-3α、17β (AD)、二氢睾酮(DHT)、17-羟基孕酮(17OHP)水平均显著降低,孕酮(Prog)水平较高,17β -雌二醇(E2)水平相似。在部分相关分析中消除年龄和认知划分的影响后,所有大鼠的学习指标与双氢睾酮、雄甾二醇-3α、17β和甲状腺素(T4)水平呈显著正相关,而记忆指标与之呈显著正相关。结论:个体激素浓度与个体行为的相关性揭示了这些雄激素和甲状腺激素在一般学习准备状态中的特定作用。
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引用次数: 10
Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera in BPA induced-cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice. 睡茄对双酚 A 诱导的小鼠认知功能障碍和氧化应激的神经保护作用
IF 4.7 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2019-05-07 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0160-4
Hareram Birla, Chetan Keswani, Sachchida Nand Rai, Saumitra Sen Singh, Walia Zahra, Hagera Dilnashin, Aaina Singh Rathore, Surya Pratap Singh

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), a major endocrine disruptor and a xenobiotic compound is used abundantly in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Human exposure to this compound is primarily via its leaching from the protective internal epoxy resin coatings of containers into the food and beverages. In addition, the plastics used in dental prostheses and sealants also contain considerable amount of BPA and have a high risk of human exposure. Since it is a well-known endocrine disruptor and closely mimics the molecular structure of human estrogen thereby impairing learning and memory. Withania somnifera (Ws), commonly known as Ashwagandha is known for its varied therapeutic uses in Ayurvedic system of medicine. The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the impairment induced by BPA on the spatial learning, working memory and its alleviation by Ws in Swiss albino mice. The study was conducted on thirty Swiss albino mice, randomly distributed among three groups: control, BPA and BPA + Ws. The behavioral recovery after treatment with Ws was investigated using the Y-maize and Morris water maize test. Whereas, for the estimation of recovery of NMDA receptor which is related to learning and memory in hippocampus region by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and antioxidant level was assessed by biochemical tests like MDA, SOD and catalase.

Results: The study revealed that administration of Ws alleviated the behavioral deficits induced by BPA. Alongside, Ws treatment reinstated the number of NMDA receptors in hippocampus region and showed anti-oxidative property while ameliorating the endogenous anti-oxidant level in the brain.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that Ws significantly ameliorates the level of BPA intoxicated oxidative stress thereby potentially treating cognitive dysfunction which acts as the primary symptom in a number of neurodegenerative diseases.

背景:双酚 A(BPA)是一种主要的内分泌干扰物和异生物化合物,被大量用于聚碳酸酯塑料和环氧树脂的生产。人类接触这种化合物的主要途径是从容器内部环氧树脂保护涂层中渗入食品和饮料中。此外,义齿和密封剂中使用的塑料也含有大量双酚 A,人体接触的风险很高。由于双酚 A 是一种众所周知的内分泌干扰物,与人体雌激素的分子结构相似,因此会影响学习和记忆。Withania somnifera(Ws),俗称 Ashwagandha,因其在阿育吠陀医学体系中的多种治疗用途而闻名。本研究旨在证明双酚 A 对瑞士白化小鼠空间学习和工作记忆的影响,以及 Ws 对这种影响的缓解作用。研究对象是 30 只瑞士白化小鼠,随机分为三组:对照组、双酚 A 组和双酚 A + Ws 组。使用 Ws 治疗后,小鼠的行为恢复情况通过 Y-玉米试验和莫里斯水玉米试验进行了调查。此外,还通过 Western 印迹和免疫组化技术评估了海马区与学习和记忆有关的 NMDA 受体的恢复情况。此外,还通过 MDA、SOD 和过氧化氢酶等生化测试评估了氧化应激和抗氧化水平:研究结果表明,服用 Ws 可减轻双酚 A 引起的行为缺陷。此外,Ws 还能恢复海马区 NMDA 受体的数量,并显示出抗氧化特性,同时改善大脑中的内源性抗氧化剂水平:这些研究结果表明,Ws 能明显改善双酚 A 中毒的氧化应激水平,从而有可能治疗作为多种神经退行性疾病主要症状的认知功能障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Cerebellar activation associated with model-based estimation of tool-use consequences. 与基于模型的工具使用后果估计相关的小脑激活。
IF 5.1 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0158-y
Sayako Ueda, Hiroyuki Sakai, Kenichi Ueno, Kang Cheng, Takatsune Kumada

Background: Dexterous tool use is considered to be underpinned by model-based control relying on acquired internal models of tools. In particular, this is the case in situations where available sensory feedback regarding the consequences of tool use is restricted. In the present study, we conducted an fMRI study to identify cerebellar involvement in model-based estimation of tool-use consequences using tracking tasks with different levels of visual feedback.

Methods: Twenty healthy right-handed adults participated in this study. These participants tracked a moving target on a screen with a cursor controlled by a joystick using their right hand during fMRI scanning. For each trial, the level of visual feedback for cursor position was randomly selected from three task conditions, namely, Precise, Obscure, and No conditions.

Results: A conjunction analysis across all task conditions found extensive activation of the right cerebellum, covering the anterior lobe (lobule V) and inferior posterior lobe (lobule VIII). Also, contrasts among the three task conditions revealed additional significant activation of the left superior posterior lobe (Crus I) in the No compared to the Precise condition. Furthermore, a post hoc psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed conditional modulation of functional coupling between the right, but not the left, cerebellar region and right frontoparietal regions that are involved in self-body perception.

Conclusions: Our data show that the left Crus I is the only region that was more active in a condition where no visual feedback for cursor position was available. This suggests that the left Crus I region plays a role in model-based estimation of tool-use consequences based on an acquired internal model of tools.

背景:灵巧的工具使用被认为是基于模型的控制的基础,依赖于获得的工具内部模型。特别是,在关于工具使用后果的可用感官反馈受到限制的情况下,情况就是如此。在本研究中,我们进行了一项功能磁共振成像研究,以确定小脑参与基于模型的工具使用后果估计,使用跟踪任务具有不同水平的视觉反馈。方法:20名健康的右撇子成人参与本研究。在fMRI扫描过程中,这些参与者用右手操纵杆控制光标,追踪屏幕上移动的目标。在每个试验中,光标位置的视觉反馈水平随机从三个任务条件中选择,即精确、模糊和无条件。结果:对所有任务条件的联合分析发现,右小脑广泛激活,覆盖前叶(小叶V)和下后叶(小叶VIII)。此外,三种任务条件之间的对比显示,与精确条件相比,No条件下左上后叶(小腿I)的激活更为显著。此外,一项事后心理生理相互作用分析揭示了参与自我身体感知的右脑和右额顶区域之间的功能耦合的条件调节,而不是左脑和右额顶区域。结论:我们的数据显示,在没有光标位置的视觉反馈的情况下,左小腿是唯一一个更活跃的区域。这表明左小腿I区域在基于获得的工具内部模型的基于模型的工具使用后果估计中起作用。
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引用次数: 2
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Behavioral and Brain Functions
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