Behavioral Sciences最新文献

This study explores the complex psychological mechanisms linking career adaptability to work engagement under AI-driven workplaces. We examine the mediating role of job satisfaction and investigate a key hypothesis: that the adaptive benefits of AI self-efficacy are dampened by the emotional costs associated with AI anxiety. A dual-analytical approach was employed on a sample of 311 young Chinese workers. First, we conducted conditional process analysis using PROCESS Model 11 with 5000 bootstrapped samples to test for conditional indirect effects. Second, we utilized latent variable structural equation modeling for robust validation at the structural level. Analyses were adjusted for demographic and occupational covariates. As a result, the initial PROCESS analysis revealed that the key triple interaction (career adaptability × AI self-efficacy × AI anxiety) was statistically significant in all three test models (e.g., Model 1: b = -0.3509, p = 0.0075). Further analysis showed that the positive moderating effect of AI self-efficacy was contingent on AI anxiety; it was strongest at low AI anxiety and weakest (but still significant) at high AI anxiety. However, the more robust latent variable SEM (CMIN/DF = 1.569, CFI = 0.939, RMSEA = 0.043) revealed a critical separation of effects. The indirect effect operates exclusively through intrinsic job satisfaction, which was significantly predicted by the unified second-order career adaptability factor (b = 1.361, BCa 95% CI [1.023, 1.967]). The path from extrinsic satisfaction to WE was non-significant (b = 0.107, BCa 95% CI [-0.030, 0.250]). Furthermore, the SEM isolated a significant direct positive effect from the unified career adaptability factor to work engagement (b = 0.715, BCa 95% CI [0.385, 1.396]). This study highlights that the adaptability-engagement link operates via two distinct mechanisms: an indirect pathway from a unified career adaptability construct through intrinsic job satisfaction, and a direct pathway from career adaptability to work engagement. While PROCESS analysis suggests that anxiety dampens confidence, our SEM results clarify that this should be interpreted cautiously, as the mediation pathway via extrinsic satisfaction is not robust to measurement error. These findings underscore a multi-faceted mandate for organizations: leaders must not only manage AI anxiety but also foster holistic career adaptability to enhance intrinsic job quality and build direct engagement.

Moral hypocrisy characterized by "double standards" at the interpersonal level and "value-behavior inconsistency" at the intrapersonal level. The inconsistency in previous findings regarding the effects of intuitive processing modes on interpersonal moral hypocrisy may stem from differences in ego depletion and cognitive load. In three studies, we investigate the effects of intuitive processing modes and negative moods on moral hypocrisy. Study 1 explored the effects of these two intuitive processing modes on interpersonal hypocrisy. Study 2 further examined the combined influence of negative moods and intuitive processing modes on interpersonal hypocrisy, whereas Study 3 extended this framework from interpersonal hypocrisy to intrapersonal hypocrisy. We found that (a) under neutral mood conditions, cognitive load significantly reduced interpersonal and intrapersonal moral hypocrisy; (b) at the same time, ego depletion significantly increased interpersonal moral hypocrisy, whereas only marginally increased intrapersonal moral hypocrisy (p = 0.053); (c) under negative mood conditions, both intuitive processing modes increased interpersonal moral hypocrisy, but did not significantly increase intrapersonal moral hypocrisy. We further delineated the influence of distinct intuitive processing modes on moral hypocrisy.

Based on the cumulative risk model and cognitive appraisal theory, this study examined the complex relationships between economic pressure, emotional neglect, and anxiety among left-behind children (LBC), focusing on the mediating role of perceived discrimination and nonlinear risk patterns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 618 LBC (aged 11-16 years) using standardized scales. Polynomial regression combined with Response Surface Analysis (RSA) was utilized to analyze congruence and incongruence effects. The results revealed that under congruent conditions, the association of economic pressure and emotional neglect with anxiety showed a marginally significant nonlinear accelerating trend, whereas their prediction of perceived discrimination followed a linear trend. Under incongruent conditions, emotional neglect demonstrated a stronger independent predictive effect on anxiety compared to economic pressure. Furthermore, perceived discrimination partially mediated the relationships between these risk factors and anxiety. These findings validate the cumulative risk model within the LBC context, demonstrating that risk factors operate in complex, non-additive ways. This highlights the necessity for differentiated interventions and suggests that reshaping LBC's subjective cognitive appraisals is key to reducing anxiety.

Research has shown that nostalgia can have psychological benefits, for example, by recreating comforting memories from the past. These memories often unfold in mental space, where one recreates events, people, objects, etc. Therefore, individual differences in nostalgic experience may relate to the ability to process spatial information. The aim of the current study was to investigate the links among spatial ability, imagery, nostalgia, and well-being. In total, 521 participants (Mage 27.7 years; SD = 12.14; 400 women) completed the following measures: Well-Being Inventory (WHO5), Neuroticism scale from BFI-2-S, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Inventory (GAD7), Southampton Nostalgia Proneness test, Nostalgia Content test, and Paper Folding-a spatial visualization test (SV). The SV did not correlate with nostalgia proneness. However, when only spatially related items were selected from the Nostalgia Content Questionnaire, the "Spatial Nostalgia Score" was positively linked with the SV and nostalgia proneness. This measure is also positively linked with well-being after controlling for anxiety (but not neuroticism). The current study provided new insights into the links between nostalgia and well-being by incorporating spatial visualization as an important element of nostalgia. Taken together, the results suggest that individual differences in the SV may be linked to spatial aspects of nostalgic experiences. This study identified directions for further measurement development and future experimental studies.

Cognitive biases have been proved to have a systematic influence on decision-making at both individual and social levels. This study investigated two forms of overconfidence-specifically, overestimation and overplacement-among young individuals participating in a social prediction task using an experimental design. The experimental study was conducted with 414 undergraduate students during an in-class written exam. Participants were drawn from different courses taught by the same instructor and varied in terms of their level of prior interaction with the instructor (having attended one, two, or three semesters). Participants predicted the instructor's favourite songs and subsequently evaluated the accuracy of their own predictions and those of their classmates. This experimental design allowed the researchers to look at both how accurately participants judged themselves and how they compared themselves to their peers. The analysis primarily focused on discrepancies between self-evaluated and actual performance. Results revealed a consistent pattern of overestimation and overplacement. Participants rated themselves as more successful than they actually were and positioned themselves above the average of their peer group. Moreover, the lack of direct feedback and limited contextual cues in the guessing task created a psychological ambiguity, which may have contributed to an unjustified sense of certainty among the participants. These findings offer empirical insight into the functioning of cognitive biases and contribute to a nuanced understanding of overconfidence in young decision-makers.

Music festivals have emerged as venues for the consumption of recreational drugs and novel psychoactive substances. This systematic review provides the first critical evaluation and synthesis of published wastewater analyses for detecting recreational drug use at music festivals worldwide. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases using terms combining music festivals, drugs, and wastewater analysis. Twenty-three studies were included, spanning festivals with 6200 to 600,000 attendees. Two primary sampling approaches emerged: wastewater sampling (16 studies) and pooled urine sampling (7 studies), using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry or Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for chemical analysis. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) emerged as the most consistently detected substance. Regional variations included a dominance of methamphetamine in Eastern Europe, MDMA use in Western Europe, and a high prevalence of cocaine use in South America. Regarding the music genre, electronic dance music events showed markedly higher MDMA rates. Limitations include geographic underrepresentation of African and Asian countries and a gender bias in pooled urine sampling. Future research should work on enhancing sampling infrastructure, analytical capabilities, public health surveillance, and harm reduction strategies.

Positive psychological capital (PsyCap) is closely linked to well-being. This study examined the role of serious leisure in fostering PsyCap among Korean university students, drawing on Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion. Using structural equation modeling, we investigated whether serious leisure participation predicts life satisfaction through the sequential mediating effects of positive emotion, positive thought, and PsyCap. A stratified sample of 480 Korean college students completed measures of serious leisure, positive emotion, positive thought, PsyCap, and life satisfaction. The findings revealed significant indirect associations, supporting the applicability of Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory in explaining how serious leisure enhances life satisfaction via positive psychological resources. These findings highlight serious leisure as a meaningful pathway to psychological well-being and suggest the value of university-based programs that promote constructive leisure engagement. The key contribution of this study lies in extending the understanding of serious leisure by empirically linking it to PsyCap and life satisfaction in a non-Western context, identifying it as a developmental resource that fosters long-term well-being.

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has become a growing concern among young populations, raising significant issues for their physical and psychological well-being. Guided by Compensatory Internet Use Theory and the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, this study examined the associations between different forms of childhood trauma and PSU. Participants were 2717 college students (661 males, 22.49%; Mage = 19.81 years). Two chain mediation models were tested, and latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to capture individual differences from a person-centred perspective. LPA revealed three distinct trauma profiles: low childhood trauma, moderate childhood abuse, and high childhood abuse. Across both variable-centred and person-centred ap-proaches, rumination and social anxiety were identified as mediators linking childhood trauma to PSU. These findings advance understanding of the pathways through which childhood trauma contributes to PSU in college students. By integrating variable- and person-centred approaches, the study highlights the importance of cognitive-emotional mechanisms and provides implications for targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

Courts have the capacity to structure juries' decision making through the use of general verdicts with answers to written questions, special verdicts, and, in some countries, the requirement that juries provide reasons for their verdicts. Little empirical research has explored the impact of special verdicts or a reasoning requirement on juror decision making in comparison to other verdict procedures. In Experiment 1, mock jurors (N = 267) read a summary detailing a case of alleged defamation of a White or Black plaintiff and rendered a verdict (general verdict vs. special verdict vs. two variations of a general verdict procedure with a reasoning requirement). In Experiment 2, mock jurors (N = 292) heard a mock trial while viewing photos of a White or Latinx plaintiff and rendered a verdict (general verdict vs. special verdict with a reasoning requirement) after deliberating as a group. In Experiments 1 and 2, mock jurors who rendered a verdict using a general verdict form were more likely to find for the plaintiff compared to those using a special verdict form (Experiment 1) or a modified special verdict form with reason-giving (Experiment 2).

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into daily life highlights the need for culturally adapted tools to assess public attitudes. This study translated, culturally adapted, and validated the Japanese version of the General Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS-J) to enable cross-cultural research. The original GAAIS was translated, back-translated, and reviewed by experts for cultural and linguistic equivalence. A web-based survey of 3689 Japanese was conducted. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor model-positive and negative attitudes-after removing one low-loading item and allowing select item covariances, yielding acceptable fit indices. Reliability was high (ω = 0.94, α = 0.92), and average variance extracted values indicated satisfactory convergent validity. Construct validity was demonstrated through correlations with AI trust/distrust, generative AI usage frequency, socioeconomic status, gender, and Big Five traits. Positive attitudes were linked to higher trust, income, and openness; negative attitudes correlated with older age, lower education, and lower agreeableness. The GAAIS-J is a reliable, valid instrument for assessing AI attitudes in Japan and supporting international comparisons.