Mohd Kashif Ali, D. I. Khan, Akansha Mittal, Samreen Khan, Swaleha Akhtar
ABSTRACT: Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia has been a serious health issue, particularly among the pediatric age group, and is considered to be one of the major causes responsible for hospital admissions [1]. It is a substantial cause of respiratory illness and mortality in children in developing countries. It is a widespread bacterial pathogen that has been associated with a variety of clinical features, including pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. But as diagnostic testing is typically based on serology or non-standardized molecular techniques, the prevalence and epidemiology of hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) owing to Mycoplasma pneumoniae are poorly recognized [6]. Because of its ample prevalence and fatal complications, there is a need to identify cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia and treat them optimally to minimize the long-term consequences. Material and Method This study aims to recruit the cases of community-acquired pneumonia from the OPD and IPD of Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College Hospital, AMU, Aligarh, for one year (October 2019–October 2020) in patients within 1–14 years of age and assess the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumonia among them. Result Five (15.62%) of the total of thirty-two (100%) patients with community-acquired pneumonia had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection diagnosed based on serology, with the majority of patients in the 1–5 year age group and variable clinical characteristics, with tachypnea, fever, and cough being the most prominent symptoms and diffuse reticular pattern and lobar consolidation being the most common radiological findings. Conclusions It has been concluded from the above study that the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia cases based on serology is low. However, because serology is not 100% sensitive and specific, and titers can range from complete absence for the first 7 days to highly detectable after one week of illness, the diagnosis should not be ruled out solely based on serology. Owing to the severity of the disease, a differential diagnosis of M. pneumoniae must always be kept in mind.
{"title":"Prevalence and Clinical Spectrum of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Community-acquired Pneumonia","authors":"Mohd Kashif Ali, D. I. Khan, Akansha Mittal, Samreen Khan, Swaleha Akhtar","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3081","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia has been a serious health issue, particularly among the pediatric age group, and is considered to be one of the major causes responsible for hospital admissions [1]. It is a substantial cause of respiratory illness and mortality in children in developing countries. It is a widespread bacterial pathogen that has been associated with a variety of clinical features, including pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. But as diagnostic testing is typically based on serology or non-standardized molecular techniques, the prevalence and epidemiology of hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) owing to Mycoplasma pneumoniae are poorly recognized [6]. Because of its ample prevalence and fatal complications, there is a need to identify cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia and treat them optimally to minimize the long-term consequences. Material and Method This study aims to recruit the cases of community-acquired pneumonia from the OPD and IPD of Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College Hospital, AMU, Aligarh, for one year (October 2019–October 2020) in patients within 1–14 years of age and assess the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumonia among them. Result Five (15.62%) of the total of thirty-two (100%) patients with community-acquired pneumonia had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection diagnosed based on serology, with the majority of patients in the 1–5 year age group and variable clinical characteristics, with tachypnea, fever, and cough being the most prominent symptoms and diffuse reticular pattern and lobar consolidation being the most common radiological findings. Conclusions It has been concluded from the above study that the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia cases based on serology is low. However, because serology is not 100% sensitive and specific, and titers can range from complete absence for the first 7 days to highly detectable after one week of illness, the diagnosis should not be ruled out solely based on serology. Owing to the severity of the disease, a differential diagnosis of M. pneumoniae must always be kept in mind.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82204369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Novel compounds can be found in marine creatures, many of which have amazing biotechnological capabilities. Microalgae, in particular, have a drawn interest as a potential basis for new industrial creation routes. Many biologically active compounds, such as antioxidants, immunostimulants, antivirals, antibiotics, hem agglutinates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, peptides, proteins, biofuels, and pigments, are derived from these species. Recently, there has been a rise in interest in microalgal biotechnology to create beneficial, sustainable, and ecologically friendly bioproducts. Microalgae biomass is in high demand for a wide range of potential uses, most of which are now the subject of ongoing research. Microalgae are important groups of photosynthetic organisms that use light and carbon dioxide more efficiently than terrestrial plants to produce biomass and use it for biotechnological purposes such as environmental protection, biofuel production, pharmaceutical production, human food supplements, animal feed components, coronavirus treatments, and so on. This paper presents an overview of current advancements in the application of microalgal biotechnology in several industries.
{"title":"Review on Microalgae Potential Innovative Biotechnological Applications","authors":"Kelemu Mulluye, Yibrehu Bogale, Dilnesa Bayle, Yimeslal Atnafu","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3066","url":null,"abstract":"Novel compounds can be found in marine creatures, many of which have amazing biotechnological capabilities. Microalgae, in particular, have a drawn interest as a potential basis for new industrial creation routes. Many biologically active compounds, such as antioxidants, immunostimulants, antivirals, antibiotics, hem agglutinates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, peptides, proteins, biofuels, and pigments, are derived from these species. Recently, there has been a rise in interest in microalgal biotechnology to create beneficial, sustainable, and ecologically friendly bioproducts. Microalgae biomass is in high demand for a wide range of potential uses, most of which are now the subject of ongoing research. Microalgae are important groups of photosynthetic organisms that use light and carbon dioxide more efficiently than terrestrial plants to produce biomass and use it for biotechnological purposes such as environmental protection, biofuel production, pharmaceutical production, human food supplements, animal feed components, coronavirus treatments, and so on. This paper presents an overview of current advancements in the application of microalgal biotechnology in several industries.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87304961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: The study's goal was to investigate and characterize alkaline protease-producing Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3. The bacterium Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3 was isolated from Vindhya region (Rewa division) of Madhya Pradesh of central India. It grew on casein-containing media at pH 12 and protease activity was found positive. . The enzyme was in a stable state in its crude form at 50℃ and pH 12, indicating thermal stability and the alkaline nature of the enzyme. It was rod-shaped, long, filamentous, gram-positive bacterium and was positive for casein hydrolysis. Based on NCBI BLAST and Phylogenetic Analysis of 16s rRNA, it was identified as Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3. This is probably the first study to date, stating the alkaline protease synthesis from any Fermentibacillus species. It was closest to Fermentibacilolus polygoni IEB3 but in contrast to this, the identified bacterium showed casein hydrolysis. This is probably the first study to date, stating the alkaline protease synthesis from any Fermentibacillus species.
{"title":"Investigations and Characterization of Alkaline Protease-Producing Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3","authors":"R. Chauhan, R. Mishra","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The study's goal was to investigate and characterize alkaline protease-producing Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3. The bacterium Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3 was isolated from Vindhya region (Rewa division) of Madhya Pradesh of central India. It grew on casein-containing media at pH 12 and protease activity was found positive. . The enzyme was in a stable state in its crude form at 50℃ and pH 12, indicating thermal stability and the alkaline nature of the enzyme. It was rod-shaped, long, filamentous, gram-positive bacterium and was positive for casein hydrolysis. Based on NCBI BLAST and Phylogenetic Analysis of 16s rRNA, it was identified as Fermentibacillus sp. RSCVS-HS3. This is probably the first study to date, stating the alkaline protease synthesis from any Fermentibacillus species. It was closest to Fermentibacilolus polygoni IEB3 but in contrast to this, the identified bacterium showed casein hydrolysis. This is probably the first study to date, stating the alkaline protease synthesis from any Fermentibacillus species.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84958463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Chandran, Benjamin Isaac Thomson, A. J. Natishah, Jennita Mary, V. Nachiyar
Plastics pose a huge threat to the environment. Plastic accumulation in the land and the seas is now the world’s most terrorising problem, mainly because of its non-degrading character. Plastic degradation has always been a next to impossible concept in the field of science, but nanotechnology provides a revolutionary and modern way to solve the problem of plastic accumulation in the environment. One of the great advantages of nanoparticles is that we can increase and decrease the rate of biodegradation depending on our needs. Nanoparticles enhance the polythene degradation capacity of the microorganisms by altering their metabolic cycles. Numerous studies showed conclusively that the incorporation of nanotechnology enhances the ability of microorganisms to degrade polythene materials. Even though bio degradable plastics are nowadays produced in large quantities to substitute polythene materials, they fail to match the brittleness of plastics. Biodegradable plastics have poor thermal, mechanical and low gas barrier qualities, which are their main drawbacks. To overcome this, nanoparticles are incorporated into the biopolymers. If an appropriate balance between nanotechnology, microbiology and biotechnology is found, plastic degradation can be done economically and feasibly in all the areas.
{"title":"Nanotechnology in Plastic Degradation","authors":"R. Chandran, Benjamin Isaac Thomson, A. J. Natishah, Jennita Mary, V. Nachiyar","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3068","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics pose a huge threat to the environment. Plastic accumulation in the land and the seas is now the world’s most terrorising problem, mainly because of its non-degrading character. Plastic degradation has always been a next to impossible concept in the field of science, but nanotechnology provides a revolutionary and modern way to solve the problem of plastic accumulation in the environment. One of the great advantages of nanoparticles is that we can increase and decrease the rate of biodegradation depending on our needs. Nanoparticles enhance the polythene degradation capacity of the microorganisms by altering their metabolic cycles. Numerous studies showed conclusively that the incorporation of nanotechnology enhances the ability of microorganisms to degrade polythene materials. Even though bio degradable plastics are nowadays produced in large quantities to substitute polythene materials, they fail to match the brittleness of plastics. Biodegradable plastics have poor thermal, mechanical and low gas barrier qualities, which are their main drawbacks. To overcome this, nanoparticles are incorporated into the biopolymers. If an appropriate balance between nanotechnology, microbiology and biotechnology is found, plastic degradation can be done economically and feasibly in all the areas.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74132875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doxorubicin is a well-known antineoplastic agent that has proved to be successful in the treatment of various types of cancer. I used rats as the model to evaluate the effect of doxorubicin on antioxidant studies and ultrastructural investigations in the liver, kidney, and heart tissues. Male albino rats were given 1.0 mg/kg body weight of the anticancer drug doxorubicin intraperitoneally three times a week for 52 days. This was for a total of 18 doses. Control animals received 52 doses of 0.5 ml of saline over 52 days. The body weights of rats injected with doxorubicin experienced a significant decrease after the last dose compared to the control group of rats. In this study, the weights of the heart, kidneys, and liver were measured. Except for cardiac tissues, the protein content in the aforementioned tissues in treated rats was significantly different from the control. Glutathione (GSH) levels in the kidneys of experimental rats were not significantly lower (7.946 ± 0.781) compared to controls (8.06 ± 0.74) but there was a non-significant increase in GSH levels in the liver (17.095 ± 1.066) compared to controls (13.8 ± 1.3). In addition, the mean GSH levels in doxorubicin-treated hearts were significantly lower (7.9462 ± 0.781) compared to controls (8.06 ± 0.74). Lipid peroxidation (Lpx) and malondialdehyde content (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, were found in much lower concentrations in the liver organ of the doxorubicin-treated group (0.0162 ± 0.00086) as compared to (0.20 ± 0.02) controls, and MDA content in the kidney was decreased (0.0239 ± 0.0003) compared to control rats (0.31 ± 0.03), as well as heat production (0.0398 ± 0.00097) compared to (47.451 ± 1.708) controls. Glutathione reductase (GR) levels were significantly elevated in the same tissue treatment group. Glutathione-S-Transferase (G-S-T) activity was assessed and significantly increased in all tissues in the doxorubicin model. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity showed a significant decrease in all the above tissues after doxorubicin injection. The catalase (CAT) activity of doxorubicin was greatly increased in one treated rat. In the doxorubicin-treated group, levels of cytochrome p450 (CYTp450) were significantly decreased in liver and kidney tissue and significantly elevated in heart tissue. After doxorubicin treatment, cytochrome b5 (CYTb5) levels in liver tissues increased significantly (837.177± 61.197) compared to controls (615 ± 37.0), and the contents of cytochrome b5 in rats' kidneys increased significantly (447.685 ± 35.215) compared to controls (2605.5± 259.2). and cytochrome b5 in heart tissues was lower (165.352± 8.7) when compared to controls (88± 0.4). The results showed that there were few obvious changes in histological, ultrastructural, and biochemical changes in liver tissue in the doxorubicin model. Long-term doxorubicin treatment in kidney tissue results in no significant changes at the light microscopic level, but the electron microscopic lev
阿霉素是一种众所周知的抗肿瘤药物，已被证明在治疗各种类型的癌症方面是成功的。我以大鼠为模型，评价阿霉素对肝脏、肾脏和心脏组织的抗氧化研究和超微结构的影响。雄性白化大鼠腹腔注射抗癌药物阿霉素1.0 mg/kg体重，每周3次，连续52天。这是总共18剂的数据。对照动物在52天内接受52次生理盐水，每次0.5 ml。与对照组大鼠相比，注射阿霉素的大鼠在最后一次剂量后体重明显下降。在这项研究中，测量了心脏、肾脏和肝脏的重量。除心脏组织外，治疗大鼠上述组织的蛋白质含量均与对照组有显著差异。实验大鼠肾脏谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平(7.946±0.781)与对照组(8.06±0.74)相比没有显著降低，但肝脏谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平(17.095±1.066)与对照组(13.8±1.3)相比无显著升高。此外，阿霉素治疗组的平均GSH水平(7.9462±0.781)明显低于对照组(8.06±0.74)。脂质过氧化(Lpx)和丙二醛(MDA)(脂质过氧化的标志物)在阿霉素治疗组的肝脏器官中的浓度(0.0162±0.00086)与对照组(0.20±0.02)相比明显降低，肾脏中的MDA含量(0.0239±0.0003)与对照组(0.31±0.03)相比降低，产热(0.0398±0.00097)与对照组(47.451±1.708)相比降低。同一组织处理组谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)水平显著升高。评估谷胱甘肽- s -转移酶(G-S-T)活性，并在阿霉素模型的所有组织中显著升高。注射阿霉素后，上述组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性均显著降低。阿霉素处理后的大鼠过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性明显升高。在阿霉素治疗组中，肝脏和肾脏组织中细胞色素p450 (CYTp450)水平显著降低，心脏组织中细胞色素p450水平显著升高。阿霉素处理后，大鼠肝脏组织细胞色素b5 (CYTb5)水平较对照组(615±37.0)显著升高(837.177±61.197)，肾脏细胞色素b5含量较对照组(2605.5±259.2)显著升高(447.685±35.215)。心肌组织细胞色素b5(165.352±8.7)低于对照组(88±0.4)。结果显示，阿霉素模型大鼠肝组织组织学、超微结构及生化变化均未见明显变化。长期应用阿霉素治疗肾组织在光镜下无明显变化，但电镜下从组织学角度看无变化。
{"title":"Effect of the Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) on Antioxidant Studies and Ultrastructural Investigation in the Liver, Kidney, and Heart Tissues of Male Rats","authors":"S. M. Kewedar","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3089","url":null,"abstract":"Doxorubicin is a well-known antineoplastic agent that has proved to be successful in the treatment of various types of cancer. I used rats as the model to evaluate the effect of doxorubicin on antioxidant studies and ultrastructural investigations in the liver, kidney, and heart tissues. Male albino rats were given 1.0 mg/kg body weight of the anticancer drug doxorubicin intraperitoneally three times a week for 52 days. This was for a total of 18 doses. Control animals received 52 doses of 0.5 ml of saline over 52 days. The body weights of rats injected with doxorubicin experienced a significant decrease after the last dose compared to the control group of rats. In this study, the weights of the heart, kidneys, and liver were measured. Except for cardiac tissues, the protein content in the aforementioned tissues in treated rats was significantly different from the control. Glutathione (GSH) levels in the kidneys of experimental rats were not significantly lower (7.946 ± 0.781) compared to controls (8.06 ± 0.74) but there was a non-significant increase in GSH levels in the liver (17.095 ± 1.066) compared to controls (13.8 ± 1.3). In addition, the mean GSH levels in doxorubicin-treated hearts were significantly lower (7.9462 ± 0.781) compared to controls (8.06 ± 0.74). Lipid peroxidation (Lpx) and malondialdehyde content (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, were found in much lower concentrations in the liver organ of the doxorubicin-treated group (0.0162 ± 0.00086) as compared to (0.20 ± 0.02) controls, and MDA content in the kidney was decreased (0.0239 ± 0.0003) compared to control rats (0.31 ± 0.03), as well as heat production (0.0398 ± 0.00097) compared to (47.451 ± 1.708) controls. Glutathione reductase (GR) levels were significantly elevated in the same tissue treatment group. Glutathione-S-Transferase (G-S-T) activity was assessed and significantly increased in all tissues in the doxorubicin model. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity showed a significant decrease in all the above tissues after doxorubicin injection. The catalase (CAT) activity of doxorubicin was greatly increased in one treated rat. In the doxorubicin-treated group, levels of cytochrome p450 (CYTp450) were significantly decreased in liver and kidney tissue and significantly elevated in heart tissue. After doxorubicin treatment, cytochrome b5 (CYTb5) levels in liver tissues increased significantly (837.177± 61.197) compared to controls (615 ± 37.0), and the contents of cytochrome b5 in rats' kidneys increased significantly (447.685 ± 35.215) compared to controls (2605.5± 259.2). and cytochrome b5 in heart tissues was lower (165.352± 8.7) when compared to controls (88± 0.4). The results showed that there were few obvious changes in histological, ultrastructural, and biochemical changes in liver tissue in the doxorubicin model. Long-term doxorubicin treatment in kidney tissue results in no significant changes at the light microscopic level, but the electron microscopic lev","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74138360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rutwika S. Thete, S. Roushani, F. Shaikh, Jyoti Kulkarni, R. H. L
The present study aimed to identify protease inhibitors (PIs) with antimicrobial activity from sirisa (Albizia lebbeck) seed protein extracts that may be a natural alternative to overcome multi-drug resistance, toxicity, and side effects of existing antimicrobial drugs. The crude PIs were extracted from seeds of A. lebbeck in 1% PVP and further partially purified by ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 fractionation. The total protein content was found to be high in 0-30 % (NH4)2SO4 saturated protein fraction F1 (7.3 ± 0.17 mg/ml). Reasonably high PI activity towards trypsin was observed in 60–90 % (NH4)2SO4 saturated fraction F3 assessed by the agar well diffusion method and in vitro solution assay. Electrophoretic profiling of proteins from the F3 fraction showed nine bands on the gel with differential mobility. The presence of a zone of inhibition (ZOI) for different concentrations of F3- 60–90 % (NH4)2SO4 saturated PIs on agar plate demonstrated antimicrobial activity against E.coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa with MIC values of 100 ± 5 µg/ml, 100 ± 4 µg/ml, and 90 ± 3 µg/ml respectively. Our results indicate that PIs from seeds of sirisa display potent antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms and could be investigated further in the future use in designing or formulating natural antimicrobial drugs to treat microbial infection-related diseases.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Protease Inhibitors with Antimicrobial Activity from Sirisa (Albizia lebbeck) Seed Protein Extract","authors":"Rutwika S. Thete, S. Roushani, F. Shaikh, Jyoti Kulkarni, R. H. L","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3071","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to identify protease inhibitors (PIs) with antimicrobial activity from sirisa (Albizia lebbeck) seed protein extracts that may be a natural alternative to overcome multi-drug resistance, toxicity, and side effects of existing antimicrobial drugs. The crude PIs were extracted from seeds of A. lebbeck in 1% PVP and further partially purified by ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 fractionation. The total protein content was found to be high in 0-30 % (NH4)2SO4 saturated protein fraction F1 (7.3 ± 0.17 mg/ml). Reasonably high PI activity towards trypsin was observed in 60–90 % (NH4)2SO4 saturated fraction F3 assessed by the agar well diffusion method and in vitro solution assay. Electrophoretic profiling of proteins from the F3 fraction showed nine bands on the gel with differential mobility. The presence of a zone of inhibition (ZOI) for different concentrations of F3- 60–90 % (NH4)2SO4 saturated PIs on agar plate demonstrated antimicrobial activity against E.coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa with MIC values of 100 ± 5 µg/ml, 100 ± 4 µg/ml, and 90 ± 3 µg/ml respectively. Our results indicate that PIs from seeds of sirisa display potent antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms and could be investigated further in the future use in designing or formulating natural antimicrobial drugs to treat microbial infection-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91338193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sea anemone-associated bacteria were considered promising candidates for the synthesis of many novel bioactive compounds. Thus culturable symbiotic bacteria that exist in the sea anemones met much attention when compared to other benthic marine dwellers. In this study, an attempt was made to explore the anticancer potentials of symbiotic bacteria isolated from a sea anemone, Heteractis species. Nine symbiotic bacteria were isolated, pure cultured and screened for their anticancer potential using two breast cancer cell lines. Among the strains, SAGM 3 showed appreciable growth inhibition activity of 43.1% and 47.1% against the studied cell lines, viz. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 and this strain was selected for further studies. Based on the 16S rRNA molecular profiling, the SAGM 3 isolate was noted as Paenibacillus lentimorbus and the sequence of SAGM 3 was deposited in GeneBank with the accession number MW737456.1. During the growth kinetics profiling, maximum bacterial growth rate and anticancer activities were recorded from 60 to 96 hrs of incubation. The present investigation provides baseline data understanding the pharmaceutical significance of a symbiotic marine bacterium procured from the sea anemone, Heteractis species.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Anticancer Compound Producing Marine Paenibacillus lentimorbus SAGM 3 Collected from a Sea Anemone, Heteractis species","authors":"Nagamuthu Vinothkumar, P. Pugalendhi","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3069","url":null,"abstract":"Sea anemone-associated bacteria were considered promising candidates for the synthesis of many novel bioactive compounds. Thus culturable symbiotic bacteria that exist in the sea anemones met much attention when compared to other benthic marine dwellers. In this study, an attempt was made to explore the anticancer potentials of symbiotic bacteria isolated from a sea anemone, Heteractis species. Nine symbiotic bacteria were isolated, pure cultured and screened for their anticancer potential using two breast cancer cell lines. Among the strains, SAGM 3 showed appreciable growth inhibition activity of 43.1% and 47.1% against the studied cell lines, viz. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 and this strain was selected for further studies. Based on the 16S rRNA molecular profiling, the SAGM 3 isolate was noted as Paenibacillus lentimorbus and the sequence of SAGM 3 was deposited in GeneBank with the accession number MW737456.1. During the growth kinetics profiling, maximum bacterial growth rate and anticancer activities were recorded from 60 to 96 hrs of incubation. The present investigation provides baseline data understanding the pharmaceutical significance of a symbiotic marine bacterium procured from the sea anemone, Heteractis species.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89953727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. I. Pasha, Aliya Meraj, Arshiya Meraj, A. Mohammed, Akifa Tanzil, Anam Fatima, Anupama Koneru
This article describe the preparation of valerianic acid loaded HPMC nanoparticles (NPs) using the nano-precipitation method. Objective of this study include enhancement of the dissolution rate of the poorly water soluble drug(Valerenic acid obtained from Valerianawallichii), and further more to look into the in vitro properties, zeta potential and surface characteristics of nanoparticles (percent yield of nanoparticles, percent encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release characteristics).In phosphate buffer medium at pH 6.8, the cumulative drug release from the original drug and nanoparticles were up to about 12% and 35%, respectively. Valerianic acid release can be enhanced by the use of nanoparticles loaded with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), that also enhances bioavailability and patient compliance.
{"title":"Preparation and In vitro Characterization of Valerianic Acid Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles","authors":"S. I. Pasha, Aliya Meraj, Arshiya Meraj, A. Mohammed, Akifa Tanzil, Anam Fatima, Anupama Koneru","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3075","url":null,"abstract":"This article describe the preparation of valerianic acid loaded HPMC nanoparticles (NPs) using the nano-precipitation method. Objective of this study include enhancement of the dissolution rate of the poorly water soluble drug(Valerenic acid obtained from Valerianawallichii), and further more to look into the in vitro properties, zeta potential and surface characteristics of nanoparticles (percent yield of nanoparticles, percent encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release characteristics).In phosphate buffer medium at pH 6.8, the cumulative drug release from the original drug and nanoparticles were up to about 12% and 35%, respectively. Valerianic acid release can be enhanced by the use of nanoparticles loaded with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), that also enhances bioavailability and patient compliance.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83222578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charul Charul, Sunali Bandral, Shivalika Shivalika, V. Dogra, M. Feroz, Umer Bin Farook, R. K. Panjaliya
Hymenoptera is the fourth diverse and the most economically important insect order comprising of bees, wasps, ants, sawflies etc. Being an important part of ecosystem, their conservation is of utmost importance. The first step towards conservation strategies is the identification of the species. The traditional morphological approach can sometimes lead to misidentification due to a lack of expertise. DNA barcoding using the small genomic fragments has been identified as an efficient tool in the identification as well as the phylogenetic analysis of the species. In the present study, we used the COI gene sequences as a tool for the characterization of Hymenoptera from different parts of the Jammu region. The collected samples were proceeded for the isolation of DNA, PCR for amplification of the COI gene, and then sequenced by Sanger dideoxy method. A total of 22 COI sequences belonging to 18 different species were successfully generated. Among which eight species sequences (Tachytes sp., Bombus trifasciatus, Rhynchium carnaticum, Ropalidia brevita, Lasioglossum marginatum, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, Tapinoma melanocephalum, Formica rufibarbis) are the novel contribution in the global database. NJ tree using the K2P model with 1000 bootstrap supporting values has been used to study the phylogeny of the species. Sequence analysis shows high AT content (67-77%) in the COI region of Hymenopterans. The generated COI sequence analysis also revealed less than 1% intra-specific divergence in the examined taxa, while the interspecific distances ranged between 8% to 38%. This study added significantly to the databases of DNA barcodes of Hymenopterans species from Jammu region.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of the Economically Important Hymenopterans using cytochrome oxidase 1 Enzyme Sequences","authors":"Charul Charul, Sunali Bandral, Shivalika Shivalika, V. Dogra, M. Feroz, Umer Bin Farook, R. K. Panjaliya","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3073","url":null,"abstract":"Hymenoptera is the fourth diverse and the most economically important insect order comprising of bees, wasps, ants, sawflies etc. Being an important part of ecosystem, their conservation is of utmost importance. The first step towards conservation strategies is the identification of the species. The traditional morphological approach can sometimes lead to misidentification due to a lack of expertise. DNA barcoding using the small genomic fragments has been identified as an efficient tool in the identification as well as the phylogenetic analysis of the species. In the present study, we used the COI gene sequences as a tool for the characterization of Hymenoptera from different parts of the Jammu region. The collected samples were proceeded for the isolation of DNA, PCR for amplification of the COI gene, and then sequenced by Sanger dideoxy method. A total of 22 COI sequences belonging to 18 different species were successfully generated. Among which eight species sequences (Tachytes sp., Bombus trifasciatus, Rhynchium carnaticum, Ropalidia brevita, Lasioglossum marginatum, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, Tapinoma melanocephalum, Formica rufibarbis) are the novel contribution in the global database. NJ tree using the K2P model with 1000 bootstrap supporting values has been used to study the phylogeny of the species. Sequence analysis shows high AT content (67-77%) in the COI region of Hymenopterans. The generated COI sequence analysis also revealed less than 1% intra-specific divergence in the examined taxa, while the interspecific distances ranged between 8% to 38%. This study added significantly to the databases of DNA barcodes of Hymenopterans species from Jammu region.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85506972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shafali Singh, D. Bhargava, Sheeba Ali, Richa Mishra, V. Chandavarkar
Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) is important for dental professionals to improve patient survival rates. More than half of patients with oral squamous cell cancer had advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, indicating a lack of early detection and risk assessment biomarkers. The development of new protein biomarkers will help in early diagnosis and treatment.The argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) staining technique is simple and cost-effective. These are replicatory markers that identify epithelial dysplasia. And it also plays a very important role in differentiating the benign, pre-malignant, and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. The number of AgNORs per cell has been considered an indicator of cellular proliferative activity. Microscopically, NORs can be identified as well-defined black dots located throughout the cell nucleus. The agNOR quantity is strictly proportional to the proliferative activity of the cell. AgNOR quantification helps in the determination of the degree of epithelial dysplasia and, consequently, in the analysis of its potential for malignant transformation. AgNOR qualitative characteristics help in differentiating hyperplastic, premalignant, and malignant oral lesions. The sliver staining technique is useful for studying the structure of the nucleolus as well as the variations in its activity. AgNORs are a valuable parameter in tumour pathology.
{"title":"Prognostic Potential of Argyrophillic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (Agnors) in Oral Lesions: A Systematic Review","authors":"Shafali Singh, D. Bhargava, Sheeba Ali, Richa Mishra, V. Chandavarkar","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3036","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) is important for dental professionals to improve patient survival rates. More than half of patients with oral squamous cell cancer had advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, indicating a lack of early detection and risk assessment biomarkers. The development of new protein biomarkers will help in early diagnosis and treatment.The argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) staining technique is simple and cost-effective. These are replicatory markers that identify epithelial dysplasia. And it also plays a very important role in differentiating the benign, pre-malignant, and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. The number of AgNORs per cell has been considered an indicator of cellular proliferative activity. Microscopically, NORs can be identified as well-defined black dots located throughout the cell nucleus. The agNOR quantity is strictly proportional to the proliferative activity of the cell. AgNOR quantification helps in the determination of the degree of epithelial dysplasia and, consequently, in the analysis of its potential for malignant transformation. AgNOR qualitative characteristics help in differentiating hyperplastic, premalignant, and malignant oral lesions. The sliver staining technique is useful for studying the structure of the nucleolus as well as the variations in its activity. AgNORs are a valuable parameter in tumour pathology.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81784317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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