New alleles are continuously added to bring novel traits which are selected using genetic manipulations. Understanding the genes responsible for a particular phenotype involves recent genomic approaches which are to be integrated with conventional breeding programs for the crop improvement. Use of biotechnological tools merged with the conventional breeding practices has resulted molecular plant breeding which has significant contributions to food production, despite the presence of narrow genetic base in current materials used for breeding purposes. Use of molecular markers along with high-throughput genome sequencing efforts, have dramatically augmented our information to characterize the elite germplasm for the production of hybrids and improved populations. This review focuses on possibilities for the need and application of molecular breeding tools in the genetic improvement of the crop plants which can ensure sustainable food production for the increasing global population.
{"title":"Potential of Molecular Plant Breeding for Sustaining the Global Food Security","authors":"R. Mahajan, Nisha Kapoor","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3072","url":null,"abstract":"New alleles are continuously added to bring novel traits which are selected using genetic manipulations. Understanding the genes responsible for a particular phenotype involves recent genomic approaches which are to be integrated with conventional breeding programs for the crop improvement. Use of biotechnological tools merged with the conventional breeding practices has resulted molecular plant breeding which has significant contributions to food production, despite the presence of narrow genetic base in current materials used for breeding purposes. Use of molecular markers along with high-throughput genome sequencing efforts, have dramatically augmented our information to characterize the elite germplasm for the production of hybrids and improved populations. This review focuses on possibilities for the need and application of molecular breeding tools in the genetic improvement of the crop plants which can ensure sustainable food production for the increasing global population.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85322675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Danao, Shruti Kale, Vijayshri Rokde, Deweshri Nandurkar, U. Mahajan, Nitin G Dumore, Atul R. Bendale, V. Naphade, A. Tatode
ABSTRACT: Background Diabetes is characterized by a metabolic imbalance of blood sugar levels. α-amylase enzyme hydrolyzed starch into glucose units. Current therapy has significant side effects. Current investigation of in silico antidiabetic evaluation of phytoconstituents of Pterocarpus marsupium targeting α-amylase. Methods In silico studies were investigated to determine the binding affinity of phytoconstituents of Pterocarpus marsupium in additional with the crystal structure of α-amylase (PDB ID: 3BC9) with help of Pyrx in autodock vina software. Further, investigate the amino acid interaction residue and impacts on the inhibitory potential of the active phytoconstituents. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics and SwissADME and pkCSM were used as online servers for the toxic effects research. Further, studied the pocket region of amino acid for the binding of phytoconstituents using the Ramachandran plot. Result Molecular docking results proposed that pterostilbenes and liquirtigenin (-8.1 kcal/mol) had best docked against α-amylase as related to native ligand (-5.6 kcal/mol) and metformin (-5.3 kcal/mol). The active phytoconstituent has actively participated in interaction with the amino acid residue leads to blockage of α-amylase activity. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic and In ADMET investigations, the phytoconstituents toxicological values are within allowable ranges. Conclusion The most promising outcome was revealed by the phytoconstituents of Pterocarpus marsupium that bind to α -amylase. However, it encourages the traditional practice of Pterocarpus marsupium and delivers vital information in drug development and clinical treatment. It promotes traditional approach of Pterocarpus marsupium and provides crucial knowledge for medical research and therapeutic care.
{"title":"In Silico Prediction of Antidiabetic Activity of Phytoconstituents of Pterocarpus Marsupium Targeting α-Amylase Enzyme","authors":"K. Danao, Shruti Kale, Vijayshri Rokde, Deweshri Nandurkar, U. Mahajan, Nitin G Dumore, Atul R. Bendale, V. Naphade, A. Tatode","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Background Diabetes is characterized by a metabolic imbalance of blood sugar levels. α-amylase enzyme hydrolyzed starch into glucose units. Current therapy has significant side effects. Current investigation of in silico antidiabetic evaluation of phytoconstituents of Pterocarpus marsupium targeting α-amylase. Methods In silico studies were investigated to determine the binding affinity of phytoconstituents of Pterocarpus marsupium in additional with the crystal structure of α-amylase (PDB ID: 3BC9) with help of Pyrx in autodock vina software. Further, investigate the amino acid interaction residue and impacts on the inhibitory potential of the active phytoconstituents. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics and SwissADME and pkCSM were used as online servers for the toxic effects research. Further, studied the pocket region of amino acid for the binding of phytoconstituents using the Ramachandran plot. Result Molecular docking results proposed that pterostilbenes and liquirtigenin (-8.1 kcal/mol) had best docked against α-amylase as related to native ligand (-5.6 kcal/mol) and metformin (-5.3 kcal/mol). The active phytoconstituent has actively participated in interaction with the amino acid residue leads to blockage of α-amylase activity. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic and In ADMET investigations, the phytoconstituents toxicological values are within allowable ranges. Conclusion The most promising outcome was revealed by the phytoconstituents of Pterocarpus marsupium that bind to α -amylase. However, it encourages the traditional practice of Pterocarpus marsupium and delivers vital information in drug development and clinical treatment. It promotes traditional approach of Pterocarpus marsupium and provides crucial knowledge for medical research and therapeutic care.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89118538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cortisol is a major hormone directly associated with stress in fish and is a reliable physiological indicator of primary stress response in fish, whereas glucose and osmolality are the indicators of secondary stress response in fish. This study explored the stress levels in the catfish, Clarias batrachus (Magur) by measuring the cortisol, glucose, and osmolality levels in plasma by exposing the fish to three different kinds of interventions namely, non-anaesthetized, anaesthetized, and stressed. No statistically significant changes were reported in the plasma cortisol, plasma glucose, and plasma osmolality levels when the blood samples were collected after the three interventions. These results indicated that Clarias batrachus is a sturdy fish, which can withstand routine laboratory handling, and that the blood samples can be collected without anaesthetization.
{"title":"Effect of Handling Stress on Primary and Secondary Stress Responses of the Catfish, Clarias batrachus","authors":"Shifali Hafeez, F. A. Sherwani","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3076","url":null,"abstract":"Cortisol is a major hormone directly associated with stress in fish and is a reliable physiological indicator of primary stress response in fish, whereas glucose and osmolality are the indicators of secondary stress response in fish. This study explored the stress levels in the catfish, Clarias batrachus (Magur) by measuring the cortisol, glucose, and osmolality levels in plasma by exposing the fish to three different kinds of interventions namely, non-anaesthetized, anaesthetized, and stressed. No statistically significant changes were reported in the plasma cortisol, plasma glucose, and plasma osmolality levels when the blood samples were collected after the three interventions. These results indicated that Clarias batrachus is a sturdy fish, which can withstand routine laboratory handling, and that the blood samples can be collected without anaesthetization.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84509759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Microbes present in the digestive tract of an organism are of great importance. The microbial qualitative and quantitative composition represents the physical, physiological conditions, habits, habitats of the organisms as well as their association patterns. The microbes of digestive system have prominent role not only in the sustainability of the organism but also in the food processing industry. The marine cephalopods are one of the preferred marine food resources, next to marine fisheries. The current study aims to understand the microbial content in the digestive system of consumable cephalopods such as sepia and cuttlefish. The commercially available squids from the market and cuttlefish samples from fishing area were collected and used for this study. The organisms were dissected in aseptic conditions and bacteria collected from the guts of these animals. Culturable bacteria were isolated and, identified using gram characteristics as well as 16s r RNA techniques based molecular identification. The identified bacteria were reported to Gen Bank submission. Bacterial representation in the gut microbiome of cephalopods is low and showed distinct difference between cuttlefish and squid species. This low number of bacterial composition may be due to the habitat conditions or the association of bacteria with the animal requires further studies to understand. The commercial value of cephalopods as protein rich food prioritizes the need to address proper treatment process which can alleviate their presence in Indian food industry scenario. The inter and intra-species relation of microbes and metazoans and the associated macromolecules can be used for pharma industry also in future
摘要:存在于生物体消化道中的微生物非常重要。微生物的定性和定量组成反映了生物的物理、生理状况、习性、栖息地及其关联模式。消化系统微生物不仅在生物的可持续性中发挥着突出的作用，而且在食品加工业中也发挥着重要作用。海洋头足类动物是仅次于海洋渔业的首选海洋食物资源之一。目前的研究旨在了解消耗性头足类动物(如乌贼和墨鱼)消化系统中的微生物含量。本研究收集了市场上可买到的鱿鱼和渔区的墨鱼样本。在无菌条件下解剖这些生物，并从这些动物的肠道中收集细菌。利用革兰氏特性和基于16s r RNA的分子鉴定技术分离并鉴定了可培养的细菌。鉴定出的细菌报告给Gen Bank提交。头足类动物的肠道微生物群中细菌的代表性较低，并且在墨鱼和鱿鱼物种之间表现出明显的差异。这种低数量的细菌组成可能是由于栖息地条件或细菌与动物的关联，需要进一步的研究来理解。头足类动物作为富含蛋白质的食物具有商业价值，因此需要优先解决适当的处理过程，以减轻其在印度食品工业中的存在。微生物和后生动物的种间和种内关系以及相关的大分子也可用于制药工业
{"title":"Qualitative Analysis of Culturable Gut Microbes of Selected Cephalopod Species- A Comparative Study","authors":"","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3082","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Microbes present in the digestive tract of an organism are of great importance. The microbial qualitative and quantitative composition represents the physical, physiological conditions, habits, habitats of the organisms as well as their association patterns. The microbes of digestive system have prominent role not only in the sustainability of the organism but also in the food processing industry. The marine cephalopods are one of the preferred marine food resources, next to marine fisheries. The current study aims to understand the microbial content in the digestive system of consumable cephalopods such as sepia and cuttlefish. The commercially available squids from the market and cuttlefish samples from fishing area were collected and used for this study. The organisms were dissected in aseptic conditions and bacteria collected from the guts of these animals. Culturable bacteria were isolated and, identified using gram characteristics as well as 16s r RNA techniques based molecular identification. The identified bacteria were reported to Gen Bank submission. Bacterial representation in the gut microbiome of cephalopods is low and showed distinct difference between cuttlefish and squid species. This low number of bacterial composition may be due to the habitat conditions or the association of bacteria with the animal requires further studies to understand. The commercial value of cephalopods as protein rich food prioritizes the need to address proper treatment process which can alleviate their presence in Indian food industry scenario. The inter and intra-species relation of microbes and metazoans and the associated macromolecules can be used for pharma industry also in future","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88335095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Strains of Vibrio cholerae are one among the most causative and serious disease causing human pathogenic agents, its infections are caused mostly by ingesting contaminated water and/or food. According to the recent estimates, between 1.3 and 4.0 million individuals are infected all around the world every year. The lactic acid bacteria are an important class of probiotics microbes have their ability to produce diversified bioactive compounds, hence this study focused on the identification of a promising antimicrobial agent from a Lactobacillus apis YMP3. This strain was cultured on MRS broth and the cell free supernatant was ethyl acetate extracted for the antimicrobial agent. The crude extract was further purified with C18 silica gel column chromatography and structurally characterized by FT-IR, NMR, GC and MS/MS spectrum. The chemistry of the compound was confirmed as Lipoxazolidinone A which has the IUPAC name of (2E)-5-butyl-2-[(E)-4-methyl-2-oxoundec-3-enylidene]-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one. This is the first report of Lipoxazolidinone A produced by a bacterium, L. apis YMP3 which was originally isolated from yoghurt. This finding expands the scope of identifying more promising bioactive compounds from probiotic Lactobacillus sp., further, this systematic procedure for purification of this antimicrobial agent stood as the baseline data for more elaborate therapeutic studies in future.
摘要:霍乱弧菌是人类致病菌中最具致病性和严重致病性的菌株之一，其感染主要通过摄入被污染的水和/或食物引起。根据最近的估计，全世界每年有130万至400万人受到感染。乳酸菌是一类重要的益生菌微生物，具有生产多种生物活性化合物的能力，因此本研究的重点是从api乳杆菌YMP3中鉴定一种有前景的抗菌药物。在MRS培养基上培养，提取无细胞上清液乙酸乙酯作为抑菌剂。采用C18硅胶柱层析对粗提物进行了进一步的纯化，并用FT-IR、NMR、GC和MS/MS对粗提物进行了结构表征。化学性质证实该化合物为lipoxazolidone A, IUPAC命名为(2E)-5-butyl-2-[(E)-4-甲基-2- oxoundec3 -enylidene]-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one。本文首次报道了由原从酸奶中分离得到的L. api YMP3细菌产生的Lipoxazolidinone A。这一发现扩大了从益生菌乳酸杆菌中鉴定更有前景的生物活性化合物的范围，此外，该抗菌药物的系统纯化过程为未来更详细的治疗研究提供了基础数据。
{"title":"Purification and Structural Characterization of an Antimicrobial Compound, Lipoxazolidinone a Produced by a Lactobacillus Apis YMP3","authors":"D. Kumar, Palanisamy Venkatachalam","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3090","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Strains of Vibrio cholerae are one among the most causative and serious disease causing human pathogenic agents, its infections are caused mostly by ingesting contaminated water and/or food. According to the recent estimates, between 1.3 and 4.0 million individuals are infected all around the world every year. The lactic acid bacteria are an important class of probiotics microbes have their ability to produce diversified bioactive compounds, hence this study focused on the identification of a promising antimicrobial agent from a Lactobacillus apis YMP3. This strain was cultured on MRS broth and the cell free supernatant was ethyl acetate extracted for the antimicrobial agent. The crude extract was further purified with C18 silica gel column chromatography and structurally characterized by FT-IR, NMR, GC and MS/MS spectrum. The chemistry of the compound was confirmed as Lipoxazolidinone A which has the IUPAC name of (2E)-5-butyl-2-[(E)-4-methyl-2-oxoundec-3-enylidene]-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one. This is the first report of Lipoxazolidinone A produced by a bacterium, L. apis YMP3 which was originally isolated from yoghurt. This finding expands the scope of identifying more promising bioactive compounds from probiotic Lactobacillus sp., further, this systematic procedure for purification of this antimicrobial agent stood as the baseline data for more elaborate therapeutic studies in future.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79191195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kaur, Samiksha Sharma, Nidhi Shree, Rekha Mehrotra
ABSTRACT: Plastic has become an indispensable part of our lives and cutting down plastic consumption entirely is difficult to achieve. The recalcitrant and non-biodegradable nature of plastic leads to accumulation of tons of plastic in landfills and water bodies which further risks marine life and human life too causing serious health issues. In recent years, several microbial enzymes have been discovered that have the ability to degrade plastic. The present review highlights the recent discovery and properties of the plastic-eating bacteria, Ideonella sakaiensis, that has potential to be used for plastic degradation and recycling. The bacteria possess unique enzymes that allow it to utilise Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic, thereby degrading it to relatively safer monomeric forms that can be further degraded and purified to manufacture recycled plastics. The review focuses on the mechanism of PET hydrolysis, recent advances in the field to escalate enzymatic efficiency and development of new bacterial and enzymatic strains through genetic engineering which can enhance its catalytic competence and make the process time and cost-effective. The plastic metabolising bacteria can thus be a potential and efficient bio-alternative to degrade plastic in a biological and sustainable manner thereby helping scale the otherwise insurmountable plastic pollution crisis.
{"title":"Recent Advancements and Mechanism of Plastics Biodegradation Promoted by Bacteria: A Key for Sustainable Remediation for Plastic Wastes","authors":"K. Kaur, Samiksha Sharma, Nidhi Shree, Rekha Mehrotra","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3063","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Plastic has become an indispensable part of our lives and cutting down plastic consumption entirely is difficult to achieve. The recalcitrant and non-biodegradable nature of plastic leads to accumulation of tons of plastic in landfills and water bodies which further risks marine life and human life too causing serious health issues. In recent years, several microbial enzymes have been discovered that have the ability to degrade plastic. The present review highlights the recent discovery and properties of the plastic-eating bacteria, Ideonella sakaiensis, that has potential to be used for plastic degradation and recycling. The bacteria possess unique enzymes that allow it to utilise Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic, thereby degrading it to relatively safer monomeric forms that can be further degraded and purified to manufacture recycled plastics. The review focuses on the mechanism of PET hydrolysis, recent advances in the field to escalate enzymatic efficiency and development of new bacterial and enzymatic strains through genetic engineering which can enhance its catalytic competence and make the process time and cost-effective. The plastic metabolising bacteria can thus be a potential and efficient bio-alternative to degrade plastic in a biological and sustainable manner thereby helping scale the otherwise insurmountable plastic pollution crisis.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":"19 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78402719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irene V.R, C. Sajeeth, V. Karthikeyan, Sabitha J Sabitha J
ABSTRACT: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most frequent vaginal infection in women and occurs as an opportunistic infection generally caused by Candida albicans.The objective of the research is to determine the risk factors for developing VVC in women of reproductive age, pregnancy, and postmenopausal age. A 6-month prospective study was carried out in pregnant women, post-menopausal women, and women of reproductive age. In MS Excel 2007, the obtained cases were entered, and descriptive statistics were utilized to calculate the percentage of various parameters.The research consisted of a total of 90 individuals, whose participants ranged in age from 18 to 65. VVC was more common (40%) among females there in the reproductive ages of 18 to 35 (86.7%) of the 90 patients who don't follow regular exercise and 54.4 % have a BMI range (of 25-29.9) Overweight. Obesity, past medical and medication history such as Diabetes mellitus (27.7%), and antibiotic usage (23.3%) were major risk factors for acquiring VVC. Co-morbidities like diabetic mellitus, hypothyroidism, urinary tract infections, obesity, as well as PCOD are the main risk factors to cause VVC. Antibiotic usage in the past, the consumption of steroids, and an absence of regular exercise all contribute to the emergence of VVC.
{"title":"Assessment of Risk Factors for Developing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Among Women at Various Age Groups","authors":"Irene V.R, C. Sajeeth, V. Karthikeyan, Sabitha J Sabitha J","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3095","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most frequent vaginal infection in women and occurs as an opportunistic infection generally caused by Candida albicans.The objective of the research is to determine the risk factors for developing VVC in women of reproductive age, pregnancy, and postmenopausal age. A 6-month prospective study was carried out in pregnant women, post-menopausal women, and women of reproductive age. In MS Excel 2007, the obtained cases were entered, and descriptive statistics were utilized to calculate the percentage of various parameters.The research consisted of a total of 90 individuals, whose participants ranged in age from 18 to 65. VVC was more common (40%) among females there in the reproductive ages of 18 to 35 (86.7%) of the 90 patients who don't follow regular exercise and 54.4 % have a BMI range (of 25-29.9) Overweight. Obesity, past medical and medication history such as Diabetes mellitus (27.7%), and antibiotic usage (23.3%) were major risk factors for acquiring VVC. Co-morbidities like diabetic mellitus, hypothyroidism, urinary tract infections, obesity, as well as PCOD are the main risk factors to cause VVC. Antibiotic usage in the past, the consumption of steroids, and an absence of regular exercise all contribute to the emergence of VVC.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":"77 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77812912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Watermelon, is a seasonal fruit with 91% of waterand is relished for its taste, good appeal and nutritional properties. The rind which occupiesa huge volume of the fruit is often disposed off and contributes to a large share from fruit waste. Watermelon rind is known to be a source of moisture, carbohydrate, protein, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. This study was framed with the intention of incorporating the wellness of watermelon rind in the commonly consumed snack, crackers. The watermelon rind was dried and powdered by using standard procedures. The powdered rind was incorporated in the ratio of 10%, 20% and 30% to the refined wheat flour and three variations of crackers namely C1, C2 and C3 were formulated. A significant difference (P<0.05) was found in the means of all the organoleptic parameters and the highly accepted variation in terms of organoleptic evaluation namely C3, was further subjected to nutritional evaluation.When compared with the control crackers the watermelon rind flour (30%) incorporated crackers was found to be superior in nutritional aspects.
{"title":"Nutritional and Sensory Characterization of Watermelon Rind Powder Incorporated Crackers","authors":"R. A. R. Arivuchudar","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3087","url":null,"abstract":"Watermelon, is a seasonal fruit with 91% of waterand is relished for its taste, good appeal and nutritional properties. The rind which occupiesa huge volume of the fruit is often disposed off and contributes to a large share from fruit waste. Watermelon rind is known to be a source of moisture, carbohydrate, protein, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. This study was framed with the intention of incorporating the wellness of watermelon rind in the commonly consumed snack, crackers. The watermelon rind was dried and powdered by using standard procedures. The powdered rind was incorporated in the ratio of 10%, 20% and 30% to the refined wheat flour and three variations of crackers namely C1, C2 and C3 were formulated. A significant difference (P<0.05) was found in the means of all the organoleptic parameters and the highly accepted variation in terms of organoleptic evaluation namely C3, was further subjected to nutritional evaluation.When compared with the control crackers the watermelon rind flour (30%) incorporated crackers was found to be superior in nutritional aspects.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74216773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Crackers were formulated with pulse flours – Chickpea and Pea along with the incorporation of Anethum Graveolens L. microgreens to develop an end product that is rich in protein, fibre, and micronutrients, gluten-free and low in glycemic index. Microgreens are tiny greens that are often harvested in an immature state that are loaded with innumerable benefits thus, Anethum Graveolens L. was utilized as a part of the study. The main goal was to develop a gluten-free snack that was rich in micronutrients due to the lack of availability of such products in the market. The crackers were inflicted to different analyses that included – sensory analysis, physicochemical analysis, proximate analysis, antioxidant analysis (DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity-DRSA and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power- FRAP) , texture analysis, microbial analysis, and shelf-life analysis. Results exhibited that the crackers had a remarkable consumer acceptance, were nutrient-dense, had potential antioxidant activity, minimal microbial activity, and had an extended shelf-life. The crackers weighed 3.0±1.0g per unit and the average pH of the crackers was 6.09±0.34. They were rich in protein (28.4g), dietary fibre (3.99g) micronutrients, high in antioxidants (DRSA-21.4% and FRAP-575.71 µM Fe(II)/g), and had low fat (9.19g) content per 100g of the crackers. Thus, the Anethum graveolens L. microgreen incorporated pulse-based gluten-free crackers are an ideal snack with phenomenal potential.
{"title":"Anethum Graveolens L. Microgreen Incorporated Pulse-Based Gluten-Free Crackers: A Potential Functional Snack","authors":"K. P G, Subaratinam R Subaratinam R","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3092","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Crackers were formulated with pulse flours – Chickpea and Pea along with the incorporation of Anethum Graveolens L. microgreens to develop an end product that is rich in protein, fibre, and micronutrients, gluten-free and low in glycemic index. Microgreens are tiny greens that are often harvested in an immature state that are loaded with innumerable benefits thus, Anethum Graveolens L. was utilized as a part of the study. The main goal was to develop a gluten-free snack that was rich in micronutrients due to the lack of availability of such products in the market. The crackers were inflicted to different analyses that included – sensory analysis, physicochemical analysis, proximate analysis, antioxidant analysis (DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity-DRSA and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power- FRAP) , texture analysis, microbial analysis, and shelf-life analysis. Results exhibited that the crackers had a remarkable consumer acceptance, were nutrient-dense, had potential antioxidant activity, minimal microbial activity, and had an extended shelf-life. The crackers weighed 3.0±1.0g per unit and the average pH of the crackers was 6.09±0.34. They were rich in protein (28.4g), dietary fibre (3.99g) micronutrients, high in antioxidants (DRSA-21.4% and FRAP-575.71 µM Fe(II)/g), and had low fat (9.19g) content per 100g of the crackers. Thus, the Anethum graveolens L. microgreen incorporated pulse-based gluten-free crackers are an ideal snack with phenomenal potential.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75055769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: This research aims to prepare microemulsion from Tea Tree and Rosemary essential oil to treat gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. A phase titration has been used to make the proposed microemulsion, which contained 71% water, 23% of a 1:1 mixture of propylene glycol (surfactant), tween 80 (co-surfactant), and 6% of tea tree/rosemary essential oil. In Rosemary essential oil pale yellowish transparent microemulsion, droplet size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of 58.9, 883.6, and 0.678, respectively, showed a stable microemulsion. Tea tree oil loaded in a light, clear microemulsion with zeta potential, droplet size, and polydispersity index (PDI) values of 265.9, 746.8, and 0.987, respectively, indicated a stable microemulsion. The RMO/TTO micro emulsion's viscosity was 1.844/1.933 cps, and its pH ranged from 4.69 to 5.59. The formulation was determined to be a safe, reliable, and effective one in light and good in stability experiments. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans can all be treated using a microemulsion that contains 6% tea tree oil and rosemary oil by agar well diffusion method. Both the EOs-based microemulsion showed more zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans while Staphylococcus aureus is the less susceptible zone of inhibition. The microemulsion formulation's minimum inhibitory concentration was effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and E. coli on all physiological parameters. It can be concluded that TTO/RMO essential oil-loaded microemulsion is considered a promising substitute for the current gram-positive and gram-negative regimens.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Tea tree/ Rosemary Essential oil-based Microemulsion for Antimicrobial Activity","authors":"Pooja Malik, P. Upadhyay","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3084","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This research aims to prepare microemulsion from Tea Tree and Rosemary essential oil to treat gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. A phase titration has been used to make the proposed microemulsion, which contained 71% water, 23% of a 1:1 mixture of propylene glycol (surfactant), tween 80 (co-surfactant), and 6% of tea tree/rosemary essential oil. In Rosemary essential oil pale yellowish transparent microemulsion, droplet size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of 58.9, 883.6, and 0.678, respectively, showed a stable microemulsion. Tea tree oil loaded in a light, clear microemulsion with zeta potential, droplet size, and polydispersity index (PDI) values of 265.9, 746.8, and 0.987, respectively, indicated a stable microemulsion. The RMO/TTO micro emulsion's viscosity was 1.844/1.933 cps, and its pH ranged from 4.69 to 5.59. The formulation was determined to be a safe, reliable, and effective one in light and good in stability experiments. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans can all be treated using a microemulsion that contains 6% tea tree oil and rosemary oil by agar well diffusion method. Both the EOs-based microemulsion showed more zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans while Staphylococcus aureus is the less susceptible zone of inhibition. The microemulsion formulation's minimum inhibitory concentration was effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and E. coli on all physiological parameters. It can be concluded that TTO/RMO essential oil-loaded microemulsion is considered a promising substitute for the current gram-positive and gram-negative regimens.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72920297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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