Shweta B. Avhad, Vidya Morkar, Sagar I. Shinde, Chaitanya patki, Hemant U Chikhale, L. Borse
Many questions have been raised regarding the management of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which is caused by a retrovirus called as HIV, (human immunodeficiency virus) is what causes AIDS. Infection caused by HIV is particularly the world's most serious health and development challenges. Although there is no known complete cure for HIV, several drugs can help you stay healthy by lowering the amount of HIV in your body. When treating HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy is used, and a variety of medications are available from this category. Tenofovir and its salt versions, both by themselves and in combination with emtricitabine, are the most often utilized medications. HIV levels should be lowered so that your immune system can function more effectively. This article offers a summary and evaluation of several analytical techniques used on the antiretroviral medication tenofovir over the previous five years. It covers forced degradation, HPLC and RP-HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC and RP-UPLC, LC-MS.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Analytical Method Development and Validation Techniques for Anti-HIV Pharmaceuticals of Tenofovir","authors":"Shweta B. Avhad, Vidya Morkar, Sagar I. Shinde, Chaitanya patki, Hemant U Chikhale, L. Borse","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3099","url":null,"abstract":"Many questions have been raised regarding the management of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which is caused by a retrovirus called as HIV, (human immunodeficiency virus) is what causes AIDS. Infection caused by HIV is particularly the world's most serious health and development challenges. Although there is no known complete cure for HIV, several drugs can help you stay healthy by lowering the amount of HIV in your body. When treating HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy is used, and a variety of medications are available from this category. Tenofovir and its salt versions, both by themselves and in combination with emtricitabine, are the most often utilized medications. HIV levels should be lowered so that your immune system can function more effectively. This article offers a summary and evaluation of several analytical techniques used on the antiretroviral medication tenofovir over the previous five years. It covers forced degradation, HPLC and RP-HPLC, HPTLC, UPLC and RP-UPLC, LC-MS.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87357242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Solar energy is an understandable choice for domestic as well as commercial use. Majority of the population of India lives in rural areas, there is scope for generating and promoting the use of solar energy. The present study is focused on designing food stalls operating on solar energy for energy conservation and pollution reduction. More than three-fourth of the respondents (69.9%) cook for 4-to-6 hours in a day and one-half spend ₹200-₹400 during cooking. The majority of respondents used wood, coal, kerosene and LPG in the last 24 hours. Majority of respondents had awareness that fuel consumption can increase the emission of harmful gases in the environment. Pollution is one of the major negative effects of fossil fuel (91.6%), greenhouse gases can deplete the ozone layer (95.6%) and release of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of coal and oil contribute in smog and acid rain. The type of fuel used and the amount of fuel used during cooking and food preparation have a profound impact on the environment and air pollution. According to the data gathered it was revealed that the practices followed by the food stallholders for cooking food had adverse effects on the environment. To demonstrate the operation of actual solar operated food stall which was designed by the researchers the workshop was conducted online through Zoom Platform and the food stall owners were requested to join the workshop via the link provided. The study's findings will raise public awareness about the importance of using renewable resources to improve the lives of all people.
{"title":"Designing Solar Powered Food Stall and Enhancing Knowledge of Food Stall Holders by Using Solar Energy for Environment Conservation","authors":"Sarjoo Patel, Urvashi Mishra","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3113","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Solar energy is an understandable choice for domestic as well as commercial use. Majority of the population of India lives in rural areas, there is scope for generating and promoting the use of solar energy. The present study is focused on designing food stalls operating on solar energy for energy conservation and pollution reduction. More than three-fourth of the respondents (69.9%) cook for 4-to-6 hours in a day and one-half spend ₹200-₹400 during cooking. The majority of respondents used wood, coal, kerosene and LPG in the last 24 hours. Majority of respondents had awareness that fuel consumption can increase the emission of harmful gases in the environment. Pollution is one of the major negative effects of fossil fuel (91.6%), greenhouse gases can deplete the ozone layer (95.6%) and release of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of coal and oil contribute in smog and acid rain. The type of fuel used and the amount of fuel used during cooking and food preparation have a profound impact on the environment and air pollution. According to the data gathered it was revealed that the practices followed by the food stallholders for cooking food had adverse effects on the environment. To demonstrate the operation of actual solar operated food stall which was designed by the researchers the workshop was conducted online through Zoom Platform and the food stall owners were requested to join the workshop via the link provided. The study's findings will raise public awareness about the importance of using renewable resources to improve the lives of all people.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75154668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akhil Kumar, Vijay Kumar, A. Uniyal, Sanjay Gupta, Vivek Kumar
ABSTRACT: For the DNA-based study of plant species, one of the important steps is to obtain high-quality DNA. However, this is problematic when the species contains a lot of polyphenols and polysaccharides. The polysaccharides and polyphenols interfere with the activity of the Taq polymerase enzyme during the PCR reaction thereby affecting the quality of the DNA. Therefore, a method for DNA extraction from Cyclanthera pedata has been developed. The current study reveals a CTAB-based approach that is quick, dependable, and economical and is specifically designed for obtaining DNA from the Cyclanthera genus. These plant species are abundant in secondary metabolites and polysaccharides, which makes it difficult to extract DNA effectively and with a high yield. The present protocol also excludes the use of expensive liquid nitrogen, which makes it cost-friendly as well. High salt concentration (1.5 M) and 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone were used in the DNA extraction buffer to prevent the solubility of polysaccharides and polyphenols in DNA extract. In addition to these substances, protein-like various enzymes were precipitated by ammonium acetate and removed by centrifugation during the isolation process. The quality of the isolated DNA was assessed using agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8%) and quantified using an A260/A280 ratio ranging from 1.7 to 1.9, absorbance ratio >2,which indicates the extract was free of proteins, polysaccharides, and polyphenols. The extracted genomic DNA was amplified by the ISSR primer (UBC-825) and clear banding pattern were observed. This standardized protocol provides pure and high quality genomic DNA without expensive liquid nitrogen or toxic phenolic compounds. It is also suitable for routine molecular biology assays such as RAPD, SSR, restriction digestion, southern blot, and cloning techniques.
{"title":"An Effective and Low-Cost Method for Genomic DNA Extraction from Cyclanthera Pedata Species (A Nutraceutical Plant) without Liquid Nitrogen for Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Analyses","authors":"Akhil Kumar, Vijay Kumar, A. Uniyal, Sanjay Gupta, Vivek Kumar","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3123","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: For the DNA-based study of plant species, one of the important steps is to obtain high-quality DNA. However, this is problematic when the species contains a lot of polyphenols and polysaccharides. The polysaccharides and polyphenols interfere with the activity of the Taq polymerase enzyme during the PCR reaction thereby affecting the quality of the DNA. Therefore, a method for DNA extraction from Cyclanthera pedata has been developed. The current study reveals a CTAB-based approach that is quick, dependable, and economical and is specifically designed for obtaining DNA from the Cyclanthera genus. These plant species are abundant in secondary metabolites and polysaccharides, which makes it difficult to extract DNA effectively and with a high yield. The present protocol also excludes the use of expensive liquid nitrogen, which makes it cost-friendly as well. High salt concentration (1.5 M) and 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone were used in the DNA extraction buffer to prevent the solubility of polysaccharides and polyphenols in DNA extract. In addition to these substances, protein-like various enzymes were precipitated by ammonium acetate and removed by centrifugation during the isolation process. The quality of the isolated DNA was assessed using agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8%) and quantified using an A260/A280 ratio ranging from 1.7 to 1.9, absorbance ratio >2,which indicates the extract was free of proteins, polysaccharides, and polyphenols. The extracted genomic DNA was amplified by the ISSR primer (UBC-825) and clear banding pattern were observed. This standardized protocol provides pure and high quality genomic DNA without expensive liquid nitrogen or toxic phenolic compounds. It is also suitable for routine molecular biology assays such as RAPD, SSR, restriction digestion, southern blot, and cloning techniques.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83629766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is defined as bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in regularity, volume, frequency, or duration and occurs in the absence of pregnancy. Methylprogesterone (MPA) and Norethisterone (NE) are a sort of female hormone (progestin).To cure dysfunctional uterine bleeding, this study sought to determine how MPA and NE worked. Materials and Procedures Over three months, a prospective observational study was conducted at a hospital in Palakkad. The usefulness of MPA and NE is analyzed by using the PBAC score method. Using Microsoft Excel 2007, the cases were entered, and descriptive statistical analysis was then performed. Results and Discussion There were 71 respondents in this study, with ages ranging from 18 to 35 and older. 32 of the 71 people received MPA, whereas 39 of them acquired NE. DUB was much more prevalent in women over 35 (NE-56.4% and MPA-75%). DUB is usually seen in overweight individuals (NE: 56.4%; MPA: 50.). The PBAC score dropped after both medications were administered. Norethisterone is more effective than either of the drugs, as per this study.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on Efficacy of Norethisterone and Medroxyprogestrone in the Management of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"Mohammad Irfan Abdul Kader, V. Karthikeyan, S. J","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3115","url":null,"abstract":"Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is defined as bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in regularity, volume, frequency, or duration and occurs in the absence of pregnancy. Methylprogesterone (MPA) and Norethisterone (NE) are a sort of female hormone (progestin).To cure dysfunctional uterine bleeding, this study sought to determine how MPA and NE worked. Materials and Procedures Over three months, a prospective observational study was conducted at a hospital in Palakkad. The usefulness of MPA and NE is analyzed by using the PBAC score method. Using Microsoft Excel 2007, the cases were entered, and descriptive statistical analysis was then performed. Results and Discussion There were 71 respondents in this study, with ages ranging from 18 to 35 and older. 32 of the 71 people received MPA, whereas 39 of them acquired NE. DUB was much more prevalent in women over 35 (NE-56.4% and MPA-75%). DUB is usually seen in overweight individuals (NE: 56.4%; MPA: 50.). The PBAC score dropped after both medications were administered. Norethisterone is more effective than either of the drugs, as per this study.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77137380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Silk is a biomaterial which is a fibrous protein with remarkable mechanical properties produced in fibre formed by silkworms and spiders. Apart from being a fine biomaterial, it has also been used since past few centuries as sutures in medical surgeries due to its advantages in healing properties and antimicrobial activity to avoid infection. Silk as a material has also been successful in various modern medical areas.1 Here the researchers attempt to study the antimicrobial properties of silk proteins and their potential utility as medicinal agents against the bacteria of the urinary tract infections. This study was done to analyse the affect of muga silk based protein sericin and fibroin on the pathogenic bacteria causing UTI and its role in antibiotic sensitivity. It was found that there was a potential in both the silk proteins (Sericin and fibroin) in its anti-microbial effects against the UTI causing bacteria and had formidable results when treated against them.
{"title":"Characterization of Antheraea assamensis Cocoon Proteins as a Potential Candidate against Urinary Tract Infection","authors":"R. Singh, M. Sarma, M. Basak, Ritismita Devi","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Silk is a biomaterial which is a fibrous protein with remarkable mechanical properties produced in fibre formed by silkworms and spiders. Apart from being a fine biomaterial, it has also been used since past few centuries as sutures in medical surgeries due to its advantages in healing properties and antimicrobial activity to avoid infection. Silk as a material has also been successful in various modern medical areas.1 Here the researchers attempt to study the antimicrobial properties of silk proteins and their potential utility as medicinal agents against the bacteria of the urinary tract infections. This study was done to analyse the affect of muga silk based protein sericin and fibroin on the pathogenic bacteria causing UTI and its role in antibiotic sensitivity. It was found that there was a potential in both the silk proteins (Sericin and fibroin) in its anti-microbial effects against the UTI causing bacteria and had formidable results when treated against them.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84252441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: The rising incidence rates of prostate cancer (CAP) have become a global health disorder. It has a complex etiology and includes both potentially modifiable environmental factors and non-modifiable genetic components. In this study, we aimed to identify the potential and significant non-genetic risk factors associated with CAP in the population of Jammu and Kashmir. A total of 320 study subjects (120 clinically confirmed CAP patients and 200 healthy age-matched unrelated participants) were registered for this investigation after obtaining their prior consent. A predesigned health questionnaire and hospital-based patient history were used to collect data pertaining to clinical variables, sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical indices. The result revealed that diet patterns (non-vegetarianism, p=0.01), lack of physical activity (p=0.0007), dwelling (urban residents, p=0.0105), higher levels of serum LDL-cholesterol (p=<0.0001), triglyceride (p=0.01), VLDL-cholesterol (p=0.02), total cholesterol (p=0.0527), creatinine (p=0.0006), sodium (p=0.0429), urea (p=0.0006), and PSA (p=<0.0001) were significantly associated with CAP. Moreover, higher mean age (69.82±15.5), the extent/duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p=0.0007), lack of physical activity (p=0.0007), high intake of red meat (p=0.0005), LDL-Cholesterol (p=<0.0001) and positive family history (p=<0.0001) were found to be the most significant risk factors for CAP. The study notably identified the most significant and novel (extent/duration of diabetes and serum levels of LDL, VLDL) non-genetic risk factors associated with prostate cancer in the population of the Jammu region thus helping to target the high-risk populations and informing preventive interventions.
{"title":"Association of Non-Genetic Risk Factors with Prostate Cancer in the Population of Jammu Region of J and K, India","authors":"Sourabh Sharma, Rahul Gupta, Jyotdeep Kour Raina, Ravi Sharma, Parvinder Kumar, Rakesh Kumar Panjaliya","doi":"10.13005/3108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/3108","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The rising incidence rates of prostate cancer (CAP) have become a global health disorder. It has a complex etiology and includes both potentially modifiable environmental factors and non-modifiable genetic components. In this study, we aimed to identify the potential and significant non-genetic risk factors associated with CAP in the population of Jammu and Kashmir. A total of 320 study subjects (120 clinically confirmed CAP patients and 200 healthy age-matched unrelated participants) were registered for this investigation after obtaining their prior consent. A predesigned health questionnaire and hospital-based patient history were used to collect data pertaining to clinical variables, sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical indices. The result revealed that diet patterns (non-vegetarianism, p=0.01), lack of physical activity (p=0.0007), dwelling (urban residents, p=0.0105), higher levels of serum LDL-cholesterol (p=<0.0001), triglyceride (p=0.01), VLDL-cholesterol (p=0.02), total cholesterol (p=0.0527), creatinine (p=0.0006), sodium (p=0.0429), urea (p=0.0006), and PSA (p=<0.0001) were significantly associated with CAP. Moreover, higher mean age (69.82±15.5), the extent/duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p=0.0007), lack of physical activity (p=0.0007), high intake of red meat (p=0.0005), LDL-Cholesterol (p=<0.0001) and positive family history (p=<0.0001) were found to be the most significant risk factors for CAP. The study notably identified the most significant and novel (extent/duration of diabetes and serum levels of LDL, VLDL) non-genetic risk factors associated with prostate cancer in the population of the Jammu region thus helping to target the high-risk populations and informing preventive interventions.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: "Diuretics," like spirolactone and furosemide, help the kidneys eliminate excess water. It also reduces fluid-induced hypertension and maintains blood potassium levels. Both Furosemide (FRU) and Spironolactone (SPL) can be measured at the same time with the help of HPTLC chromatographic method that have been shown to be very selective and accurate. There are a number of causes of edema, and FRU can help with all of them, including hepatic cirrhosis, chronic congestive heart failure, and excessive blood pressure. Heart failure and ascites caused by hepatic diseases are commonly treated with spironolactone due to its properties as an aldosterone antagonist and potassium-sparing diuretic. HPTLC methods were developed in this research to determine FRU and SPL simultaneously without using the solvents generally needed in chromatographic procedures. The proposed HPTLC approach stood out as an analytical method for quality control laboratories due to its speed, low cost, and ability to concurrently determine the target chemicals with a small number of solvents. The selectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility of the procedures for the simultaneous determination of the pure and mixed drug forms studied were further confirmed by statistical analysis.
{"title":"Development and Validation of HPTLC SIAM for Furosemide and Spironolactone","authors":"S. Vanjari, T. Deshmukh","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3125","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: \"Diuretics,\" like spirolactone and furosemide, help the kidneys eliminate excess water. It also reduces fluid-induced hypertension and maintains blood potassium levels. Both Furosemide (FRU) and Spironolactone (SPL) can be measured at the same time with the help of HPTLC chromatographic method that have been shown to be very selective and accurate. There are a number of causes of edema, and FRU can help with all of them, including hepatic cirrhosis, chronic congestive heart failure, and excessive blood pressure. Heart failure and ascites caused by hepatic diseases are commonly treated with spironolactone due to its properties as an aldosterone antagonist and potassium-sparing diuretic. HPTLC methods were developed in this research to determine FRU and SPL simultaneously without using the solvents generally needed in chromatographic procedures. The proposed HPTLC approach stood out as an analytical method for quality control laboratories due to its speed, low cost, and ability to concurrently determine the target chemicals with a small number of solvents. The selectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility of the procedures for the simultaneous determination of the pure and mixed drug forms studied were further confirmed by statistical analysis.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78428690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Quinoa, is renowned as a grain of the 21st century in lieu of its capacity to withstand any climatic condition, its potential health benefits and exceptional nutritional value. Breakfast is the important meal of the day, which is skipped most often by most of the people. This study is framed with the objective of developing breakfast foods from the highly nutritious food grain like quinoa. As, Chapati and bars are easier to prepare and consume, the study aims at developing high-quality, convenient foods products by incorporating quinoa flour and quinoa flakes. The processed quinoa flour and flakes was substituted into the wheat flour and rice flakes in the proportion of 25, 50 & 75% to prepare chapati and bars of different variations namely variation1 (25Q:75W), variation2 (50Q:50W) and variation3 (75Q:25W). All the variations were analysed for physical characteristics, and organoleptic attributes like colour, appearance, mouth feel, texture, flavour, taste and overall acceptability was assessed by 30 panelist using a 9-point hedonic rating scale. The statistical analysis by Duncan’s test and ANOVA showed significant difference (p<0.05) in all the developed variations, when compared with control foods. The most accepted variation was subjected to nutrient analysis. The study report concludes that on comparing with control the presence of macronutrients such as protein and dietary fibre, micronutrients such as calcium, iron, phytochemicals like flavonoids (particularly quercetin, kaempferol and epigallocatechin) were found to be higher in variation 3 of the developed products (chapati and bars). Since quinoa is a gluten free food it can be given to celiac people, their high nutritious and dietary quality meets the demands of the food industry and consumers.
{"title":"Influence of Quinoa Enrichment on the Formulation, Qualitative Parameters and Consumer Acceptability of Low-Gluten Foods","authors":"K. S, Arivuchudar R","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Quinoa, is renowned as a grain of the 21st century in lieu of its capacity to withstand any climatic condition, its potential health benefits and exceptional nutritional value. Breakfast is the important meal of the day, which is skipped most often by most of the people. This study is framed with the objective of developing breakfast foods from the highly nutritious food grain like quinoa. As, Chapati and bars are easier to prepare and consume, the study aims at developing high-quality, convenient foods products by incorporating quinoa flour and quinoa flakes. The processed quinoa flour and flakes was substituted into the wheat flour and rice flakes in the proportion of 25, 50 & 75% to prepare chapati and bars of different variations namely variation1 (25Q:75W), variation2 (50Q:50W) and variation3 (75Q:25W). All the variations were analysed for physical characteristics, and organoleptic attributes like colour, appearance, mouth feel, texture, flavour, taste and overall acceptability was assessed by 30 panelist using a 9-point hedonic rating scale. The statistical analysis by Duncan’s test and ANOVA showed significant difference (p<0.05) in all the developed variations, when compared with control foods. The most accepted variation was subjected to nutrient analysis. The study report concludes that on comparing with control the presence of macronutrients such as protein and dietary fibre, micronutrients such as calcium, iron, phytochemicals like flavonoids (particularly quercetin, kaempferol and epigallocatechin) were found to be higher in variation 3 of the developed products (chapati and bars). Since quinoa is a gluten free food it can be given to celiac people, their high nutritious and dietary quality meets the demands of the food industry and consumers.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79190863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Refractive laser surgery is all about the accuracy, whether screening or surgery, given the age and profile of the patient enduring these trials, there is no margin for error. Most of them are for aesthetic reasons, contact lens intolerance, or professional reasons, including athletes. In this article, the role of artificial intelligence and deep learning in laser eye surgeries has been introduced. The presence of lingering laser spots on the retina after refractive laser surgery in diabetic retinopathy poses a potential risk to visual integrity and ocular well-being. The hypothesis for the research paper is that the hybridized convolutional neural network models, including LeNet-1, AlexNet, VGG16, PolyNet, Inception V2, and Inception-ResNetV2, will yield varying levels of performance in classifying and segmenting laser spots in the retina after diabetic retinopathy surgery. The hypothesis predicts that Inception-ResNetV2 will demonstrate superior results compared to the other CNN versions. The research aims to provide a novel approach for laser therapies and treatments, facilitating the rapid classification, highlighting, and segmentation of laser marks on the retina for prompt medical precautions. The comparative analysis revealed that Inception-ResNetV2 exhibited exceptional performance in both training and validation, achieving the highest accuracy (96.54%) for classifying diabetic retinopathy images. Notably, VGG16 also demonstrated strong performance with a validation accuracy of 94%. Conversely, LeNet-1, AlexNet, PolyNet, and Inception V2 displayed comparatively lower accuracy rates, suggesting their architectures may be less optimized for this particular image classification task. This achievement holds immense promise for timely detection, precise localization, and optimal management of laser spots, fostering enhanced visual outcomes and elevating the standards of patient care in this context.
{"title":"Intelligent Application of Laser for Medical Prognosis: An Instance for Laser Mark Diabetic Retinopathy","authors":"Sumit Das, Dipansu Mondal, Diprajyoti Majumdar","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3109","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Refractive laser surgery is all about the accuracy, whether screening or surgery, given the age and profile of the patient enduring these trials, there is no margin for error. Most of them are for aesthetic reasons, contact lens intolerance, or professional reasons, including athletes. In this article, the role of artificial intelligence and deep learning in laser eye surgeries has been introduced. The presence of lingering laser spots on the retina after refractive laser surgery in diabetic retinopathy poses a potential risk to visual integrity and ocular well-being. The hypothesis for the research paper is that the hybridized convolutional neural network models, including LeNet-1, AlexNet, VGG16, PolyNet, Inception V2, and Inception-ResNetV2, will yield varying levels of performance in classifying and segmenting laser spots in the retina after diabetic retinopathy surgery. The hypothesis predicts that Inception-ResNetV2 will demonstrate superior results compared to the other CNN versions. The research aims to provide a novel approach for laser therapies and treatments, facilitating the rapid classification, highlighting, and segmentation of laser marks on the retina for prompt medical precautions. The comparative analysis revealed that Inception-ResNetV2 exhibited exceptional performance in both training and validation, achieving the highest accuracy (96.54%) for classifying diabetic retinopathy images. Notably, VGG16 also demonstrated strong performance with a validation accuracy of 94%. Conversely, LeNet-1, AlexNet, PolyNet, and Inception V2 displayed comparatively lower accuracy rates, suggesting their architectures may be less optimized for this particular image classification task. This achievement holds immense promise for timely detection, precise localization, and optimal management of laser spots, fostering enhanced visual outcomes and elevating the standards of patient care in this context.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89383861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Buckwheat, a pseudo-cereal, was processed into flour and incorporated in food products like chapatti, nutri balls, and soup mix. The supplementation of three developed food products to three groups with 15 subjects (with diabetes and dyslipidemia) in each group was carried out for 90 days, while one group (15 subjects) was treated as a control where no intervention was given. The blood sugar profile and blood lipid profile including the levels of fasting blood sugar, post-prandial blood sugar, HbA1c, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, Low-Density Lipoprotein, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein were assessed before and after the supplementation period and subjected to statistical analysis. The results depict that in the experimental group supplemented with buckwheat flour incorporated chapatti, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in all the biochemical parameters assessed, while in the group supplemented with buckwheat flour incorporated nutri ball, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the HbA1C levels, serum triglyceride levels, and LDL levels. The group supplemented with buckwheat flour incorporated soup mix showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the fasting blood sugar levels, postprandial blood sugar levels, serum triglyceride levels, and LDL levels. Hence, it can be concluded that the consumption of buckwheat flour has a significant impact on blood sugar and lipid profile.
{"title":"In-Vivo Efficacy of Buckwheat Flour Incorporated Food Products on the Blood Glucose and Lipid Profiles","authors":"Gomathi. G. K, P. S, Uvaraj. M. G","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Buckwheat, a pseudo-cereal, was processed into flour and incorporated in food products like chapatti, nutri balls, and soup mix. The supplementation of three developed food products to three groups with 15 subjects (with diabetes and dyslipidemia) in each group was carried out for 90 days, while one group (15 subjects) was treated as a control where no intervention was given. The blood sugar profile and blood lipid profile including the levels of fasting blood sugar, post-prandial blood sugar, HbA1c, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, Low-Density Lipoprotein, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein were assessed before and after the supplementation period and subjected to statistical analysis. The results depict that in the experimental group supplemented with buckwheat flour incorporated chapatti, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in all the biochemical parameters assessed, while in the group supplemented with buckwheat flour incorporated nutri ball, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the HbA1C levels, serum triglyceride levels, and LDL levels. The group supplemented with buckwheat flour incorporated soup mix showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the fasting blood sugar levels, postprandial blood sugar levels, serum triglyceride levels, and LDL levels. Hence, it can be concluded that the consumption of buckwheat flour has a significant impact on blood sugar and lipid profile.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75641715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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