This article discusses the embryonic development of zebrafish, which are essential aquatic models for investigating neurotoxicity caused by environmental toxins. Zebrafish are one of the few fish species that can survive in highly toxic environments, making them an interesting model for assessing pollutants' performance and determining their toxicity. Zebrafish's limited life expectancy, ease of maintenance and growth, transparent embryos, and homology of genetic and biological features make them an interesting tool for studying the effects of common substances like insecticides, nanoparticles, and food supplements on human health. The study focuses on the regulation of morphology and behavior, stress caused by oxidative damage, transcription, neurogenesis, and neuron progression. Further research is needed at cellular and signaling levels to understand the detrimental processes of pollutants in relation to epigenetic toxicity, negative interference of the BB barrier, and manipulation of the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Environmental pollution is a significant issue that poses a severe threat to public health. Biotechnological principles are now being widely used to monitor environmental pollutants due to their versatile applications. In this regard, zebrafish has established as a prominent vertebrate prototype organism, which offers a unique platform for toxicity screening and efficacy testing of various chemicals. Studies have shown that exposure to toxicants during embryonic development can cause developmental, cardiovascular, and neurodevelopmental toxicity, as well as hepatic disorders in zebrafish. Therefore, zebrafish has been extensively used to study the neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants, including pesticides, nanoparticles, food additives, and other pollutants. Additionally, the review discusses the use of zebrafish-derived embryonic stem cells (ZESCs) for environmental pollutants monitoring. Stem cells are highly sensitive to the toxicity of environmental chemicals during embryogenesis, which can lead to adverse effects on embryonic and fetal development. Thus, ZESCs cultivation and utilization in toxicological assays have become a valuable tool for evaluating the toxicity of potential environmental toxicants. The application of green science principles to evaluate the toxicity of environmental pollutants using zebrafish and ZESCs has enormous potential. This approach offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to monitor pollutants, and it can contribute to the development of effective mitigation strategies. Overall, the use of zebrafish and ZESCs in biotechnological pollutants monitoring could have far-reaching effects for public health and environmental sustainability.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Zebrafish and Zebrafish Embryonic Stem Cells (Zescs) as the Versatile Biotechnological Green Tool for Detecting Environmental Pollutants","authors":"Divya Christy.L, Jayshree Nellore","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3131","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the embryonic development of zebrafish, which are essential aquatic models for investigating neurotoxicity caused by environmental toxins. Zebrafish are one of the few fish species that can survive in highly toxic environments, making them an interesting model for assessing pollutants' performance and determining their toxicity. Zebrafish's limited life expectancy, ease of maintenance and growth, transparent embryos, and homology of genetic and biological features make them an interesting tool for studying the effects of common substances like insecticides, nanoparticles, and food supplements on human health. The study focuses on the regulation of morphology and behavior, stress caused by oxidative damage, transcription, neurogenesis, and neuron progression. Further research is needed at cellular and signaling levels to understand the detrimental processes of pollutants in relation to epigenetic toxicity, negative interference of the BB barrier, and manipulation of the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Environmental pollution is a significant issue that poses a severe threat to public health. Biotechnological principles are now being widely used to monitor environmental pollutants due to their versatile applications. In this regard, zebrafish has established as a prominent vertebrate prototype organism, which offers a unique platform for toxicity screening and efficacy testing of various chemicals. Studies have shown that exposure to toxicants during embryonic development can cause developmental, cardiovascular, and neurodevelopmental toxicity, as well as hepatic disorders in zebrafish. Therefore, zebrafish has been extensively used to study the neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants, including pesticides, nanoparticles, food additives, and other pollutants. Additionally, the review discusses the use of zebrafish-derived embryonic stem cells (ZESCs) for environmental pollutants monitoring. Stem cells are highly sensitive to the toxicity of environmental chemicals during embryogenesis, which can lead to adverse effects on embryonic and fetal development. Thus, ZESCs cultivation and utilization in toxicological assays have become a valuable tool for evaluating the toxicity of potential environmental toxicants. The application of green science principles to evaluate the toxicity of environmental pollutants using zebrafish and ZESCs has enormous potential. This approach offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to monitor pollutants, and it can contribute to the development of effective mitigation strategies. Overall, the use of zebrafish and ZESCs in biotechnological pollutants monitoring could have far-reaching effects for public health and environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. or "Flame of the forest" (Fabaceae) is famous for its bright scarlet flowers. A rare variant – Butea monosperma var lutea, with chrome yellow flowers has been sighted in various locations in the country. The current study explored the differences between the two varieties of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub in terms of callus growth (monitored for 60 days) evaluated for total phenolic and flavonoid content, SPF and the effect of jasmonic acid on these parameters. A good correlation of 0.73 between SPF and TFC was obtained with the application of jasmonic acid. Assessment of phytochemical composition of callus from both varieties revealed the presence of different isoflavones, flavones, flavanones, chalcones classes of flavonoids that could possibly be responsible for good SPF. The growth index was the highest for the red variety in media without the elicitor, contrary to the results of the yellow variety, where 1 µM JA was found to increase the growth index. Differences were also noticed in the total phenolic content (173.84 mg GAE/g and 165.65 mg GAE/g) total flavonoid content (10.50 mg QE/g and 6.31 mg QE/g) and Sun Protection Factor (19 and 14.5) between the red and yellow variant callus respectively.
{"title":"Jasmonic Acid: Enhancing SPF Potential in Butea monosperma Floral Variants Callus Cultures","authors":"Manali Maruti Sasane, Indu Anna George","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3143","url":null,"abstract":"Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. or \"Flame of the forest\" (Fabaceae) is famous for its bright scarlet flowers. A rare variant – Butea monosperma var lutea, with chrome yellow flowers has been sighted in various locations in the country. The current study explored the differences between the two varieties of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub in terms of callus growth (monitored for 60 days) evaluated for total phenolic and flavonoid content, SPF and the effect of jasmonic acid on these parameters. A good correlation of 0.73 between SPF and TFC was obtained with the application of jasmonic acid. Assessment of phytochemical composition of callus from both varieties revealed the presence of different isoflavones, flavones, flavanones, chalcones classes of flavonoids that could possibly be responsible for good SPF. The growth index was the highest for the red variety in media without the elicitor, contrary to the results of the yellow variety, where 1 µM JA was found to increase the growth index. Differences were also noticed in the total phenolic content (173.84 mg GAE/g and 165.65 mg GAE/g) total flavonoid content (10.50 mg QE/g and 6.31 mg QE/g) and Sun Protection Factor (19 and 14.5) between the red and yellow variant callus respectively.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanocomposites are hetero materials made up of at least one nanoscale phase called a "nanofiller" that is spread in a second phase called a "matrix" to combine the unique features of its ingredients. Contemporary uses for nanocomposites are expanding constantly, and they are being used in many different industries. Nanocomposites are used in a variety of products, such as solid polymer electrolytes for batteries, impellers and blades, oxygen and gas barriers, food packaging, thin-film capacitors for computer chips, and fuel tanks and engine parts. As drug - delivery techniques, anti-corrosion shield coatings, UV protection gels, oils, scratch-free paint, new scrape resist materials, new fire-retardant materials, superior fibres and films, etc., they also find extensive application. Extensive use of these composites led to the discloses of these stuffs into the environment and properties of these materials are greatly influenced by the presence of pollution. The physico-chemical properties of these nanocomposites are very important for predicting their fortune and behavior in the environment and their toxicity to living organisms. Limited data on the ecotoxicity of these materials are available and even those are confined to a few organisms like bacteria, algae, invertebrates, fishes and mammals. Detailed studies on the adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion on higher organisms is the need of the hour. Presently the environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials is being performed using the existing methodologies and modification of the methodologies are required. This review summarizes the toxicity of nanocomposites and the current toxicological tests carried out.
{"title":"Ecotoxicology of Nanocomposite Materials","authors":"Manikandan S, Inbakandan D, Valli Nachiyar C, Preethi G, Jayshree Nellore, Bavanilatha M","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3130","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocomposites are hetero materials made up of at least one nanoscale phase called a \"nanofiller\" that is spread in a second phase called a \"matrix\" to combine the unique features of its ingredients. Contemporary uses for nanocomposites are expanding constantly, and they are being used in many different industries. Nanocomposites are used in a variety of products, such as solid polymer electrolytes for batteries, impellers and blades, oxygen and gas barriers, food packaging, thin-film capacitors for computer chips, and fuel tanks and engine parts. As drug - delivery techniques, anti-corrosion shield coatings, UV protection gels, oils, scratch-free paint, new scrape resist materials, new fire-retardant materials, superior fibres and films, etc., they also find extensive application. Extensive use of these composites led to the discloses of these stuffs into the environment and properties of these materials are greatly influenced by the presence of pollution. The physico-chemical properties of these nanocomposites are very important for predicting their fortune and behavior in the environment and their toxicity to living organisms. Limited data on the ecotoxicity of these materials are available and even those are confined to a few organisms like bacteria, algae, invertebrates, fishes and mammals. Detailed studies on the adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion on higher organisms is the need of the hour. Presently the environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials is being performed using the existing methodologies and modification of the methodologies are required. This review summarizes the toxicity of nanocomposites and the current toxicological tests carried out.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With an overall incidence of over 10% within regular population, Chronic kidney disease is an issue that is becoming more and more important in terms of public health. The enhanced risk of infection, especially those brought on by bacteria that are multi-drug resistant, is one of the main side effects of chronic kidney disease. It is essential to screen and identify multidrug resistant bacteria in chronic kidney disease patients, especially those receiving haemodialysis, in order to prevent the transmission of these pathogens. Hence, to improve outcomes for chronic kidney disease patients, early diagnosis and prompt treatment of drug-resistant bacteria are essential. A total of 2219 samples were screened for antibiotic resistant microbes in hospital samples. 445 samples tested positive (20.05 %) for bacterial growth and 1774 samples tested negative (79.94 %). The rate of multidrug resistance bacterial infections was 17% and 43% higher in CKD patients for estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 59 ml/min/1.73m2 and glomerular filtration rate 30 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. Five bacterial isolates were found to exhibit multi-antibiotic resistance. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 across the isolates. The isolates were identified as Enterobacter bugandensis, Enterococcus faecium, Providencia stuartii, Klebsiella variicola, and Escherichia coli by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In conclusion, screening and identification of multidrug resistance bacteria is essential to prevent and control the spread of these pathogens and will be helpful for the effective treatment of the multidrug resistance in chronic kidney disease patients.
{"title":"Screening and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria from Chronic Kidney Disease Patients of Warangal","authors":"Katyala Srilaxmi, Srinivas Munjam","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3146","url":null,"abstract":"With an overall incidence of over 10% within regular population, Chronic kidney disease is an issue that is becoming more and more important in terms of public health. The enhanced risk of infection, especially those brought on by bacteria that are multi-drug resistant, is one of the main side effects of chronic kidney disease. It is essential to screen and identify multidrug resistant bacteria in chronic kidney disease patients, especially those receiving haemodialysis, in order to prevent the transmission of these pathogens. Hence, to improve outcomes for chronic kidney disease patients, early diagnosis and prompt treatment of drug-resistant bacteria are essential. A total of 2219 samples were screened for antibiotic resistant microbes in hospital samples. 445 samples tested positive (20.05 %) for bacterial growth and 1774 samples tested negative (79.94 %). The rate of multidrug resistance bacterial infections was 17% and 43% higher in CKD patients for estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 59 ml/min/1.73m2 and glomerular filtration rate 30 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. Five bacterial isolates were found to exhibit multi-antibiotic resistance. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 across the isolates. The isolates were identified as Enterobacter bugandensis, Enterococcus faecium, Providencia stuartii, Klebsiella variicola, and Escherichia coli by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In conclusion, screening and identification of multidrug resistance bacteria is essential to prevent and control the spread of these pathogens and will be helpful for the effective treatment of the multidrug resistance in chronic kidney disease patients.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bee pollen is used in the apitherapeutic treatment as it demonstrates anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and local analgesic activities and also facilitates the granulation process of burn wound healing. In this study, pure bee pollen synthesized by the giant honeybee Apis dorsata dorsata was investigated for the presence of phytochemicals. The extraction of bioactives was done using 30% ethanol and 70% methanol. To develop wound dressing fabric with biomedical applications, phenolics derived from bee pollen were covalently bound to amino polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric by immobilization using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) as a cross-linker. Alterations in the chemical configuration were studied using ATR-FTIR spectra and the contact angle of 122° in unmodified PET decreased to 110° and 98° post amination and immobilization. Antibacterial activity of the immobilized fabric was observed against bacteria and yeast isolated from burn wounds. Thus, the study revealed that PET fibrous mats in the presence of bee pollen could be considered potential wound dressing materials due to their enhanced processing capabilities and suitable structural properties. As not much research has been conducted on bee pollen previously, this study sets out to examine its efficacy and therapeutic utility in connection to burn wound healing capabilities.
{"title":"Immobilization of Bee Pollen Extract on Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Fabric for Wound Dressing","authors":"Chetna Bhat, Jahnavi Jeswani, Myrene Roselyn Dsouza","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3139","url":null,"abstract":"Bee pollen is used in the apitherapeutic treatment as it demonstrates anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and local analgesic activities and also facilitates the granulation process of burn wound healing. In this study, pure bee pollen synthesized by the giant honeybee Apis dorsata dorsata was investigated for the presence of phytochemicals. The extraction of bioactives was done using 30% ethanol and 70% methanol. To develop wound dressing fabric with biomedical applications, phenolics derived from bee pollen were covalently bound to amino polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric by immobilization using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) as a cross-linker. Alterations in the chemical configuration were studied using ATR-FTIR spectra and the contact angle of 122° in unmodified PET decreased to 110° and 98° post amination and immobilization. Antibacterial activity of the immobilized fabric was observed against bacteria and yeast isolated from burn wounds. Thus, the study revealed that PET fibrous mats in the presence of bee pollen could be considered potential wound dressing materials due to their enhanced processing capabilities and suitable structural properties. As not much research has been conducted on bee pollen previously, this study sets out to examine its efficacy and therapeutic utility in connection to burn wound healing capabilities.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: Physiological reaction plays a vital role in the human body. These reactions are analysed through Enzyme kinetics using a Mathematical model which helps to predict how enzymes behave in living organisms. However, many factors affect the working mechanism of biocatalysts (Enzymes). Chemical denaturant creates high disruption to the structure of enzyme with time. The determination of enzyme activities with time delivers information on enzyme parameters. Here the analysis aims to mathematical study for the development of Enzyme - substrates reaction for product formation based on time. So we formulate the model as a system of nonlinear differential equations which predicts the behaviour of product formation based on Enzyme- Substrate reaction parameters. Compute the threshold value for studying the enzyme effectiveness, complexity, and other parameters for the substrate product. Study the stability analysis for the ideal product formation and hence derive asymptotically stable solutions for the Enzyme- Substrate model with numerical simulation.
{"title":"Study the Dynamic Behavior of the Enzyme-Substrate Reaction using Mathematical Modeling","authors":"Kaushal Patel*, Jyoti Kumawat","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3155","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Physiological reaction plays a vital role in the human body. These reactions are analysed through Enzyme kinetics using a Mathematical model which helps to predict how enzymes behave in living organisms. However, many factors affect the working mechanism of biocatalysts (Enzymes). Chemical denaturant creates high disruption to the structure of enzyme with time. The determination of enzyme activities with time delivers information on enzyme parameters. Here the analysis aims to mathematical study for the development of Enzyme - substrates reaction for product formation based on time. So we formulate the model as a system of nonlinear differential equations which predicts the behaviour of product formation based on Enzyme- Substrate reaction parameters. Compute the threshold value for studying the enzyme effectiveness, complexity, and other parameters for the substrate product. Study the stability analysis for the ideal product formation and hence derive asymptotically stable solutions for the Enzyme- Substrate model with numerical simulation.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Hazazi, Fawaz Albloui, Mohammed Albayadh, Mohammed Ageeli Hakami, Sultan Arif, Omer Alsaweed
Stem cell studies have recently enabled a quantum leap in the field of regenerative medicine and the attempt to find cures for diseases of a complex nature. Clinical trials remain the only criterion for ensuring the safe application of stem cells; however, the rapid improvement in the quality of related research may have given the inaccurate perception that such cells offer a magic solution to complex diseases. It is crucial to recall that stem cell transplantation is a complex process, and each of the many steps it entails requires research before the procedure can be used. In the same way, it remains to seek ascites the correct information for the uses of reliable medical sources. At the clinical level, stem cells have been successfully used to treat certain diseases, especially a limited number of blood disorders, but factors related to the patient’s condition and human leukocyte antigen matching are important for the application of this type of treatment.
{"title":"Exploration and Therapeutic Practices with Stem Cells: A Critical Perspective","authors":"Ali Hazazi, Fawaz Albloui, Mohammed Albayadh, Mohammed Ageeli Hakami, Sultan Arif, Omer Alsaweed","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3160","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cell studies have recently enabled a quantum leap in the field of regenerative medicine and the attempt to find cures for diseases of a complex nature. Clinical trials remain the only criterion for ensuring the safe application of stem cells; however, the rapid improvement in the quality of related research may have given the inaccurate perception that such cells offer a magic solution to complex diseases. It is crucial to recall that stem cell transplantation is a complex process, and each of the many steps it entails requires research before the procedure can be used. In the same way, it remains to seek ascites the correct information for the uses of reliable medical sources. At the clinical level, stem cells have been successfully used to treat certain diseases, especially a limited number of blood disorders, but factors related to the patient’s condition and human leukocyte antigen matching are important for the application of this type of treatment.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Plant cell walls are composed primarily of cellulose, making it the most common organic polymer on Earth. The utilization of microorganisms to convert cellulose into valuable products has gained significant attention worldwide. This study aims to isolate novel cellulase-producing microorganisms and investigate the influence of dietary and physicochemical factors on cellulase production, as well as evaluate the potential applications of a selected isolated strain. Materials and Methods: The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain was identified as the most efficient producer of cellulase among various cellulase-producing bacterial strains isolated during the research. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of this strain were characterized. To determine the optimal conditions for cellulase production, various parameters such as raw substrates, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, inoculum age, inoculum size, agitation rate, incubation duration, and pH were investigated. Results: The study found that sugarcane bagasse, molasses, and paper pulp exhibited the highest cellulase production capacity, with respective enzyme activities of 0.97, 0.98, and 0.88 IU/mL. Maximum cellulase production occurred at a temperature of 37°C, an inoculum size of 2.5%, an inoculum age of 24 hours, an agitation rate of 120 rpm, an incubation time of 48 hours, and a pH of 7 with 1% peptone. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate was successfully applied to convert lignocellulosic waste into ethanol and fermentable sugars through saccharification and fermentation of cellulose, demonstrating its significant effectiveness. Conclusion: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain isolated in this study proved to be a highly efficient producer of cellulase. The optimized production media led to improved enzyme production, and the isolate showed promising results in the industrial application of converting cellulosic waste into ethanol. The 16s rRNA sequencing confirmed the identity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , which was deposited under the accession number MN081796 in the NCBI database. In this study we discussed the possible low-cost, enzymatic pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic material in order to use it as an efficient raw material for biofuel production. These findings contribute to the understanding and potential utilization of cellulose producing microorganisms in various biotechnological applications.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization, Production and Optimization of Cellulase Producer and its Industrial Applications","authors":"Nimisha Dharmesh Patel, Dharmesh Amrutbhai Patel","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3156","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plant cell walls are composed primarily of cellulose, making it the most common organic polymer on Earth. The utilization of microorganisms to convert cellulose into valuable products has gained significant attention worldwide. This study aims to isolate novel cellulase-producing microorganisms and investigate the influence of dietary and physicochemical factors on cellulase production, as well as evaluate the potential applications of a selected isolated strain. Materials and Methods: The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain was identified as the most efficient producer of cellulase among various cellulase-producing bacterial strains isolated during the research. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of this strain were characterized. To determine the optimal conditions for cellulase production, various parameters such as raw substrates, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, inoculum age, inoculum size, agitation rate, incubation duration, and pH were investigated. Results: The study found that sugarcane bagasse, molasses, and paper pulp exhibited the highest cellulase production capacity, with respective enzyme activities of 0.97, 0.98, and 0.88 IU/mL. Maximum cellulase production occurred at a temperature of 37°C, an inoculum size of 2.5%, an inoculum age of 24 hours, an agitation rate of 120 rpm, an incubation time of 48 hours, and a pH of 7 with 1% peptone. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate was successfully applied to convert lignocellulosic waste into ethanol and fermentable sugars through saccharification and fermentation of cellulose, demonstrating its significant effectiveness. Conclusion: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain isolated in this study proved to be a highly efficient producer of cellulase. The optimized production media led to improved enzyme production, and the isolate showed promising results in the industrial application of converting cellulosic waste into ethanol. The 16s rRNA sequencing confirmed the identity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , which was deposited under the accession number MN081796 in the NCBI database. In this study we discussed the possible low-cost, enzymatic pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic material in order to use it as an efficient raw material for biofuel production. These findings contribute to the understanding and potential utilization of cellulose producing microorganisms in various biotechnological applications.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case report focuses on a patient from Saudi Arabia who developed Ralstonia mannitolilytica septicemia. We present the clinical presentation, docking, simulation, and bioinformatics studies conducted to gain insights into the infectious strain. The patient initially presented with fever, chills, and septic shock, and showed decreased white blood cell and platelet counts with elevated inflammation markers. Treatment with Tazocin resulted in a favorable response. The infectious strain exhibited prolonged growth in distilled water and showed distinct genetic characteristics. Our multidisciplinary approach revealed insights into virulence factors and potential drug targets. The study contributes to understanding R. mannitolilytica septicemia and emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Further research is needed to explore pathogenesis, transmission dynamics, and optimal management strategies for R. mannitolilytica infections.
{"title":"Inauguration the Enigma: Ralstonia mannitolilytica Septicemia - Clinical Journey, Multidimensional Investigation, and Paradigm- Shifting Research Insights","authors":"Nabeela Al-Abdullah, Amir Yousef Neyazi","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3138","url":null,"abstract":"This case report focuses on a patient from Saudi Arabia who developed Ralstonia mannitolilytica septicemia. We present the clinical presentation, docking, simulation, and bioinformatics studies conducted to gain insights into the infectious strain. The patient initially presented with fever, chills, and septic shock, and showed decreased white blood cell and platelet counts with elevated inflammation markers. Treatment with Tazocin resulted in a favorable response. The infectious strain exhibited prolonged growth in distilled water and showed distinct genetic characteristics. Our multidisciplinary approach revealed insights into virulence factors and potential drug targets. The study contributes to understanding R. mannitolilytica septicemia and emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Further research is needed to explore pathogenesis, transmission dynamics, and optimal management strategies for R. mannitolilytica infections.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the findings of a biomorphological evaluation conducted between 2016 and 2018, focusing on 105 eggplant collection samples sourced from different geographical origins on the Absheron Peninsula in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Additionally, 59 of these samples underwent evaluation based on physiological indicators. The research categorized the eggplant samples into three groups based on their ripening time: mid- season (81-100 days) - 24.9%, mid-late-season (101-120 days) - 56.2%, and late-season (121-148 days) - 21.9%. Specific eggplant varieties were identified for each group. Group I (81-90 days) included representatives 140/A, 69/B, 141, 142, 152, and 162, while Group II (101-102 days) comprised samples 137, 140/B, 149/A, 149, 149-199, 213, 232, 239, 242, and 243. Group III (121-124 days) consisted of varieties exhibiting late-ripening characteristics. Some varieties within the collection showed variations in leaf area, photosynthetic potential, chlorophyll content in leaves, absolute leaf surface density, total wet and dry biomass. These characteristics make them valuable primary candidates for future breeding efforts, targeting enhanced productivity and adaptability. The study also suggested an optimal model for photosynthetic indicators to achieve high eggplant yields (ranging from 290 to 800 q/ha).
{"title":"Evaluating Eggplant Collection Samples and Selecting Primary Donors Based on Physiological Indicators","authors":"Aladdin Gismat Eyvazov","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3148","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the findings of a biomorphological evaluation conducted between 2016 and 2018, focusing on 105 eggplant collection samples sourced from different geographical origins on the Absheron Peninsula in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Additionally, 59 of these samples underwent evaluation based on physiological indicators. The research categorized the eggplant samples into three groups based on their ripening time: mid- season (81-100 days) - 24.9%, mid-late-season (101-120 days) - 56.2%, and late-season (121-148 days) - 21.9%. Specific eggplant varieties were identified for each group. Group I (81-90 days) included representatives 140/A, 69/B, 141, 142, 152, and 162, while Group II (101-102 days) comprised samples 137, 140/B, 149/A, 149, 149-199, 213, 232, 239, 242, and 243. Group III (121-124 days) consisted of varieties exhibiting late-ripening characteristics. Some varieties within the collection showed variations in leaf area, photosynthetic potential, chlorophyll content in leaves, absolute leaf surface density, total wet and dry biomass. These characteristics make them valuable primary candidates for future breeding efforts, targeting enhanced productivity and adaptability. The study also suggested an optimal model for photosynthetic indicators to achieve high eggplant yields (ranging from 290 to 800 q/ha).","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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