Dental caries, a highly prevalent infectious disease in humans is caused by the bacterial plaque that coats the teeth surface and is a serious public health concern. Recently, the formation of dental plaque has been associated with the occurrence of various other systemic diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Cardiovascular diseases, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Respiratory diseases, Bacteremia and Cancer. Despite the fact that both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the major etiologic agents of dental caries, S. mutans is more prevalent than S. sobrinus in dental plaque. Early detection of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was carried out from five caries affected dental plaque samples collected from Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, by using semi-quantitative real-time PCR. Specific primers for gtfB and gtfI genes of S. mutans and S. sobrinus respectively were used for the quantification of cariogenic bacteria in the given dental plaque samples. The Biopro Oral Microbiome transport media was prepared to carry dental plaque samples from the hospital to the laboratory. Genomic DNA extraction was done by employing magnetic beads and spin columns provided in the Biopro DNA isolation kit. Various biochemical tests were performed on the bacterial cultures isolated from dental plaque.
{"title":"Detection of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in Human Dental Plaque Samples by Using Semi-Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction","authors":"Puja Banduji Paunfase, Samynathan Ramkumar, Marappan Ganesan, Veeraraghavan Usha","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3159","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries, a highly prevalent infectious disease in humans is caused by the bacterial plaque that coats the teeth surface and is a serious public health concern. Recently, the formation of dental plaque has been associated with the occurrence of various other systemic diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Cardiovascular diseases, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Respiratory diseases, Bacteremia and Cancer. Despite the fact that both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the major etiologic agents of dental caries, S. mutans is more prevalent than S. sobrinus in dental plaque. Early detection of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was carried out from five caries affected dental plaque samples collected from Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, by using semi-quantitative real-time PCR. Specific primers for gtfB and gtfI genes of S. mutans and S. sobrinus respectively were used for the quantification of cariogenic bacteria in the given dental plaque samples. The Biopro Oral Microbiome transport media was prepared to carry dental plaque samples from the hospital to the laboratory. Genomic DNA extraction was done by employing magnetic beads and spin columns provided in the Biopro DNA isolation kit. Various biochemical tests were performed on the bacterial cultures isolated from dental plaque.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khudaverdi G. Ganbarov, Mirmusa M. Jafarov, Sanam İ. Huseynova, Muhammad Shoaib, Kamala S. Alkishiyeva
ABSTRACT: In our presented work we have studied the effect of various environmental factors on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Saccharomyces ellipsoideus BSU-XR1. Silver nanoparticles were formed by growing the yeast in broth medium at 30oC. Filters were used to seperate biomass from broth. Biomass was washed 3 times with 0.1L of distilled water (DW). 10 grams of wet biomass was poured to beaker containing 90 ml of sterile DW. 1 ml of 10-3 molar solution of Silver nitrate was poured to it, and this mixture with silver nitrate salt was incubated in a dark environment. It was determined that, the optimal condition for the production of silver nanoparticles was being on the 21st day of incubation, in 10 grams of wet biomass. For the cultivation of the studied yeast strain, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles took place in the range of 25-30°C. Tthe initial pH of the medium was 7.0. and the concentration of silver nitrate was used as salt at conntration of 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM. The optimal conditions of incubation were in dark environment in all variotions of experiments.
{"title":"Impact of Environmental Factors on the Production of Silver Nanoparticles by Saccharomyces Ellipsoideus BSU-XR1","authors":"Khudaverdi G. Ganbarov, Mirmusa M. Jafarov, Sanam İ. Huseynova, Muhammad Shoaib, Kamala S. Alkishiyeva","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3135","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In our presented work we have studied the effect of various environmental factors on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Saccharomyces ellipsoideus BSU-XR1. Silver nanoparticles were formed by growing the yeast in broth medium at 30oC. Filters were used to seperate biomass from broth. Biomass was washed 3 times with 0.1L of distilled water (DW). 10 grams of wet biomass was poured to beaker containing 90 ml of sterile DW. 1 ml of 10-3 molar solution of Silver nitrate was poured to it, and this mixture with silver nitrate salt was incubated in a dark environment. It was determined that, the optimal condition for the production of silver nanoparticles was being on the 21st day of incubation, in 10 grams of wet biomass. For the cultivation of the studied yeast strain, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles took place in the range of 25-30°C. Tthe initial pH of the medium was 7.0. and the concentration of silver nitrate was used as salt at conntration of 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM. The optimal conditions of incubation were in dark environment in all variotions of experiments.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanotechnology is concerned with the creation and stabilisation of nanoparticles. The biological method necessitates the creation of nanoparticles that are eaten by microorganisms capable of digesting nanoparticles in various forms. The fungus Pestaloptiopsis breviseta is used in this study to demonstrate the extracellular production of stable silver nanoparticles. The fungal culture was isolated from a stable Catharanthus roseus (L) G.don leaf sample, a common therapeutic plant. They were produced after the AgNO3 solution was employed to treat the cell filtrate and the fungal mat at room temperature and in the dark. (1 mM). The cell filtrate made silver nanoparticles that were between 171-378 nm in size, whereas the fungal biomass was between 140-280 nm in size. The cell lines MCF-7 and A549 were likewise treated with the silver nanoparticles made by the fungi. GraphPad Prism 5 software was used to track the percentage of living cells for 24 and 48 hours at different concentrations of the MCF-7 and A549 cell lines based on the IC50 value.
{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles and Its Invitro Cytotoxic Behaviour- A Fungi Aided Synthesis","authors":"Vardhana Janakiraman, Kathiravan Govindarajan, Thenmozhi Thenmozhi","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3145","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is concerned with the creation and stabilisation of nanoparticles. The biological method necessitates the creation of nanoparticles that are eaten by microorganisms capable of digesting nanoparticles in various forms. The fungus Pestaloptiopsis breviseta is used in this study to demonstrate the extracellular production of stable silver nanoparticles. The fungal culture was isolated from a stable Catharanthus roseus (L) G.don leaf sample, a common therapeutic plant. They were produced after the AgNO3 solution was employed to treat the cell filtrate and the fungal mat at room temperature and in the dark. (1 mM). The cell filtrate made silver nanoparticles that were between 171-378 nm in size, whereas the fungal biomass was between 140-280 nm in size. The cell lines MCF-7 and A549 were likewise treated with the silver nanoparticles made by the fungi. GraphPad Prism 5 software was used to track the percentage of living cells for 24 and 48 hours at different concentrations of the MCF-7 and A549 cell lines based on the IC50 value.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human beings are heavily dependent on fossil fuels like coal and petroleum products for various daily activities in life. The large-scale usage of petroleum products releases different types of hazardous gasses, sulfur dioxide being one of them. The oxidation of organosulfur compounds in fuels release sulfur dioxide which is deleterious to humans and one of the causative factors for acid rains. The hydrodesulfurization, a conventional process is practiced for the elimination of sulfur from petroleum products during refining is not up to the mark for the total removal of sulfur content. Especially, highly recalcitrant organosulfur compounds like dibenzothiophene and its derivatives are more resistant to hydrodesulfurization. The biodesulfurization process which involves microorganisms for the removal of sulfur from petroleum products was suggested to be as the better alternative approach to hydrodesulfurization. It has been considered that dibenzothiophene as a reference model recalcitrant compound for biodesulfurization experiments and the microorganisms that exhibit 4S metabolic pathway for the elimination ofsulfur atom from dibenzothiophene as the potent desulfurizing strains. The 4S pathway is under the regulation of three genes (dszA, B and C) of dsz operon and they express the enzymatic proteins DszA(dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase), DszB (hydroxyphenylbenzene sulfinate desulfinase) and DszC (dibenzothiophene monooxygenase), respectively. In the present study, the dszC gene pertaining to Streptomyces sp. VUR PPR 102 was made to produce corresponding sequence of DszC enzyme in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) open reading frame finder. The amino acid sequence of DszC enzymatic protein was used in SWISS MODEL server and the three-dimensional model of DszC enzymatic protein was developed. The DszC model was validated in Rampage server, Swiss PDB Viewer, Verify3D and ERRAT servers.
{"title":"In Silico dszC Gene Analysis, Modeling and Validation of Dibenzothiophene monooxygenase (DszC Enzyme) of Dibenzothiophene Desulfurizing Streptomyces sp.VUR PPR 102","authors":"P. Praveen Reddy, V. UmaMaheswara Rao","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3144","url":null,"abstract":"Human beings are heavily dependent on fossil fuels like coal and petroleum products for various daily activities in life. The large-scale usage of petroleum products releases different types of hazardous gasses, sulfur dioxide being one of them. The oxidation of organosulfur compounds in fuels release sulfur dioxide which is deleterious to humans and one of the causative factors for acid rains. The hydrodesulfurization, a conventional process is practiced for the elimination of sulfur from petroleum products during refining is not up to the mark for the total removal of sulfur content. Especially, highly recalcitrant organosulfur compounds like dibenzothiophene and its derivatives are more resistant to hydrodesulfurization. The biodesulfurization process which involves microorganisms for the removal of sulfur from petroleum products was suggested to be as the better alternative approach to hydrodesulfurization. It has been considered that dibenzothiophene as a reference model recalcitrant compound for biodesulfurization experiments and the microorganisms that exhibit 4S metabolic pathway for the elimination ofsulfur atom from dibenzothiophene as the potent desulfurizing strains. The 4S pathway is under the regulation of three genes (dszA, B and C) of dsz operon and they express the enzymatic proteins DszA(dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase), DszB (hydroxyphenylbenzene sulfinate desulfinase) and DszC (dibenzothiophene monooxygenase), respectively. In the present study, the dszC gene pertaining to Streptomyces sp. VUR PPR 102 was made to produce corresponding sequence of DszC enzyme in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) open reading frame finder. The amino acid sequence of DszC enzymatic protein was used in SWISS MODEL server and the three-dimensional model of DszC enzymatic protein was developed. The DszC model was validated in Rampage server, Swiss PDB Viewer, Verify3D and ERRAT servers.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haider Rafea Chiflawy Alkhafaji, Sahib Yahiya Hassan, Saaduldeen Gali Al-Esawi
Background: Infertility, a clinical and public concern, affects both social life and the health system. Sperm abnormalities which include (Oligozoospermia), (teratozoospermia) or abnormalities related to sperm motility are essential factors in male infertility. Anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) are the leading cause of immune infertility in men (autoimmune disease). Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is specially designed to manage severe cases of male-factor infertility. this study aimed to determine the effect of ASA on ICSI outcomes among Normospermia and (Oligozoospermia, Asthenozoospermia and Teratozoospermia). Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed at Fertility Center, Najaf-Iraq between Jan to June 2023, it included 50 couples who suffered from a minimum of 12 months of primary fertility who had attended the Fertility Center. They were divided into four groups (Normospermia, Oligospermia, Teratozoospermia, and Asthenospermia) according to their seminal fluid analysis (SFA). Sperms were collected by ICSA, immobilized, and processed. The oocytes were collected, injected, and prepared for fertilization , after that fertilization took place. Finally, pregnancy was examined in each female partner. Results: there was no significant difference in the age of the four groups, there was no relationship between ASA and Sperm concentration, and there was no relationship between ASA and Normal Sperm Morphology, fertilization , & pregnancy rates, in addition to other ICSI outcomes, were similar among the four groups.in conclusion, pregnancy rates were higher in the normospermia group than the other three groups and ICSI overcomed the presence of ASA in the semen plasma.
{"title":"Association between Anti-Sperm Antibody and Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes Among Male Infertility Patients","authors":"Haider Rafea Chiflawy Alkhafaji, Sahib Yahiya Hassan, Saaduldeen Gali Al-Esawi","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3149","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infertility, a clinical and public concern, affects both social life and the health system. Sperm abnormalities which include (Oligozoospermia), (teratozoospermia) or abnormalities related to sperm motility are essential factors in male infertility. Anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) are the leading cause of immune infertility in men (autoimmune disease). Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is specially designed to manage severe cases of male-factor infertility. this study aimed to determine the effect of ASA on ICSI outcomes among Normospermia and (Oligozoospermia, Asthenozoospermia and Teratozoospermia). Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed at Fertility Center, Najaf-Iraq between Jan to June 2023, it included 50 couples who suffered from a minimum of 12 months of primary fertility who had attended the Fertility Center. They were divided into four groups (Normospermia, Oligospermia, Teratozoospermia, and Asthenospermia) according to their seminal fluid analysis (SFA). Sperms were collected by ICSA, immobilized, and processed. The oocytes were collected, injected, and prepared for fertilization , after that fertilization took place. Finally, pregnancy was examined in each female partner. Results: there was no significant difference in the age of the four groups, there was no relationship between ASA and Sperm concentration, and there was no relationship between ASA and Normal Sperm Morphology, fertilization , & pregnancy rates, in addition to other ICSI outcomes, were similar among the four groups.in conclusion, pregnancy rates were higher in the normospermia group than the other three groups and ICSI overcomed the presence of ASA in the semen plasma.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dennis, R. Ravindhran, P. Charles, S. Leo Arockia Raj, V. Kaviarasan
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is a pseudocereal, dicot, economically significant, and nutraceutical crop that belongs to the order Caryophyllales of the family Polygonaceae. The two species Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat) and Fagopyrum tartaricum (tartary buckwheat) are most grown in the Himalayas. A crop that thrives in extremely cold temperatures is Fagopyrum tartaricum. It contains D-chiro inositol, quercetin, vitexin, and the antioxidant polyphenol rutin. This study has devised an effective indirect organogenesis strategy for tartary buckwheat, (Fagopyrum tartaricum). Callus induction medium containing Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with additional 2 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and 0.1 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) produced the optimum (90.67%) friable yellow callus using leaf explant. Shoot proliferation medium (SPM) containing MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) has produced the most shoots (35.2±1.83) with mean shoot length of 3.41±0.14 in cm. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted in indole-3-butyric acid-containing full-strength MS medium. A rooting medium with 3 mg L-1 IBA exhibited the most roots with 6.84±0.45 and a mean length of roots being 11.59±0.44 in cm. 100% of the in vitro rooted shoots that were transplanted into the field survived.
{"title":"Indirect Organogenesis and High Frequency Plant Regeneration in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum Gaertn.)","authors":"S. Dennis, R. Ravindhran, P. Charles, S. Leo Arockia Raj, V. Kaviarasan","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3137","url":null,"abstract":"Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is a pseudocereal, dicot, economically significant, and nutraceutical crop that belongs to the order Caryophyllales of the family Polygonaceae. The two species Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat) and Fagopyrum tartaricum (tartary buckwheat) are most grown in the Himalayas. A crop that thrives in extremely cold temperatures is Fagopyrum tartaricum. It contains D-chiro inositol, quercetin, vitexin, and the antioxidant polyphenol rutin. This study has devised an effective indirect organogenesis strategy for tartary buckwheat, (Fagopyrum tartaricum). Callus induction medium containing Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with additional 2 mg L-1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and 0.1 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) produced the optimum (90.67%) friable yellow callus using leaf explant. Shoot proliferation medium (SPM) containing MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) has produced the most shoots (35.2±1.83) with mean shoot length of 3.41±0.14 in cm. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted in indole-3-butyric acid-containing full-strength MS medium. A rooting medium with 3 mg L-1 IBA exhibited the most roots with 6.84±0.45 and a mean length of roots being 11.59±0.44 in cm. 100% of the in vitro rooted shoots that were transplanted into the field survived.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was undertaken to develop nutritive muffins using Dillenia indica and Terminalia chebula, evaluate their sensory attributes, nutrient content and conduct shelf-life studies. Three variations of muffins were developed and under each formulation, three different level of incorporations were made and compared to a control muffin. The developed muffins were evaluated for their sensory acceptability and the most preferred F2 formulation was selected and evaluated for proximate composition and shelf life. Developed nutritive muffins had been highly accepted in all attributes, is nutrient-dense, innovative and healthier snack but low shelf-life due to non-addition of any artificial preservative.
{"title":"Nutritional and Shelf-Life Estimation of Nutritive Muffins Incorporating Dillenia indica and Terminalia Chebula Flour","authors":"Jasmin Islam, Ph Vivekanandini Devi, Manash Pratim Sarma, Madhumita Gogoi, Rupam Medhi","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3161","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to develop nutritive muffins using Dillenia indica and Terminalia chebula, evaluate their sensory attributes, nutrient content and conduct shelf-life studies. Three variations of muffins were developed and under each formulation, three different level of incorporations were made and compared to a control muffin. The developed muffins were evaluated for their sensory acceptability and the most preferred F2 formulation was selected and evaluated for proximate composition and shelf life. Developed nutritive muffins had been highly accepted in all attributes, is nutrient-dense, innovative and healthier snack but low shelf-life due to non-addition of any artificial preservative.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation deals with the comprehensive and systematic analysis of the unexplored phytoplankton diversity of the unique biodiversity area of Pandalam Municipality of Kerala after the major flood event of the year 2018. The study was carried out between October 2018 and January 2019. Eight study locations were explored in the flood-affected areas of Pandalam Municipality (PN1, PN2, PN3, PN4, PN5, PN6, PN7, and PN8). The study revealed the occurrence of 78 genera belonging to five classes, such as Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Charophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Chrysophyceae. Algae belonging to the Class Bcillariophyceae were more in number (30) compared to all the other classes, followed by-members of class Chlorophyceae (17). The genus Cosmarium and Nitzschia were the most frequently occurring algae throughout the study period (six species each). The genera Pinnularia and Navicula were also abundant (5 and 4 species, respectively).
{"title":"Phytoplankton Diversity of Pandalam Municipal Area, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala","authors":"Jithesh Krishnan R, Fouzia Hilal, Abhilash Sivadasan, Lekshmi R, Jalaja Vidya","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3158","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation deals with the comprehensive and systematic analysis of the unexplored phytoplankton diversity of the unique biodiversity area of Pandalam Municipality of Kerala after the major flood event of the year 2018. The study was carried out between October 2018 and January 2019. Eight study locations were explored in the flood-affected areas of Pandalam Municipality (PN1, PN2, PN3, PN4, PN5, PN6, PN7, and PN8). The study revealed the occurrence of 78 genera belonging to five classes, such as Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Charophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Chrysophyceae. Algae belonging to the Class Bcillariophyceae were more in number (30) compared to all the other classes, followed by-members of class Chlorophyceae (17). The genus Cosmarium and Nitzschia were the most frequently occurring algae throughout the study period (six species each). The genera Pinnularia and Navicula were also abundant (5 and 4 species, respectively).","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food safety remains a vulnerable issue in the face of foodborne disease outbreaks, which have significant consequences for individuals, the food industry, and the economy. This article aimed to investigate the impact of food borne diseases on food quality along with the public health concerns related to contaminated foods. This study was conducted through secondary data extracted from the literature on an emerging and concerning topic, which revealed that the emergence of antibiotic resistance in foodborne bacteria has a significant impact on public health. Resistant bacterial infections pose considerable costs to society and threats to food safety and the health of the population as a whole. Multidrug-resistant microorganisms causing illnesses possess several biological mechanisms to counteract the drugs’ effectiveness and avoid being killed by them. It has been extracted that foodborne illnesses are caused by bacterial infections from various pathogens, including Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio spp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. Foodborne illness epidemiological surveillance methods are powerful tools for monitoring the phenomenon that occurs in populations. These population-based approaches, focused on advancing technology and advanced molecular subtyping available to public health laboratories, are essentially suitable for cooperation with foodborne diseases correlated with cluster-produced and widely distributed food products.
{"title":"Food-Borne Diseases and their Impact on Health","authors":"Khalid Salmeen Almaary","doi":"10.13005/bbra/3129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3129","url":null,"abstract":"Food safety remains a vulnerable issue in the face of foodborne disease outbreaks, which have significant consequences for individuals, the food industry, and the economy. This article aimed to investigate the impact of food borne diseases on food quality along with the public health concerns related to contaminated foods. This study was conducted through secondary data extracted from the literature on an emerging and concerning topic, which revealed that the emergence of antibiotic resistance in foodborne bacteria has a significant impact on public health. Resistant bacterial infections pose considerable costs to society and threats to food safety and the health of the population as a whole. Multidrug-resistant microorganisms causing illnesses possess several biological mechanisms to counteract the drugs’ effectiveness and avoid being killed by them. It has been extracted that foodborne illnesses are caused by bacterial infections from various pathogens, including Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio spp., Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. Foodborne illness epidemiological surveillance methods are powerful tools for monitoring the phenomenon that occurs in populations. These population-based approaches, focused on advancing technology and advanced molecular subtyping available to public health laboratories, are essentially suitable for cooperation with foodborne diseases correlated with cluster-produced and widely distributed food products.","PeriodicalId":9032,"journal":{"name":"Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rogimon Plammoottil Thomas, Arya Lakshmy Thanamcheril Illam Sreekumar, Joby Paul, Salvy Thomas
Sacred groves are the patches of pristine forest that nurture rich biodiversity and play a principal role in the conservation of endemic and rare species. The present study was conducted to identify and enumerate the plant diversity of Iringole Kavu (sacred grove) of Ernakulum district of the state of Kerala. A total of 142 plant species were documented which include three vulnerable species and 18 endemic species. Among them 129 are angiosperms, two are gymnosperms, seven are pteridophytes and four belong to fungi. Angiosperms include 36 herbs, 23 shrubs, 41 trees and 29 climbers. Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae, Acanthaceae and Apocynaceae are the dominant angiosperm families. The study revealed the occurrence of two critically endangered plant species viz. Ixora johnsonii (Rubiaceae) and Vateria indica (Dipterocarpaceae).
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