Saida S. Ncibi, Aymen, M. Madkhali, Magbool E. Oraiby, Jamilah A. Almalki, Hussein A. Khadashi, Abdullah A. Mobarki, Syam Mohan, Hassan A. Hamali
Artemisia judaica, Ruta graveolens, and Suaeda monoica, indigenous plants to Jazan, second smallest region of Saudi Arabia, have several uses in the local folk medicine. This research aims to study the chemical composition of their methanol extracts and to explore some related biological activities. The different extracts Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy profiling revealed the occurrence of many compounds within these extracts. Besides, this study revealed varied and selective antibacterial activities of these extracts. Ruta graveolens methanol extract was effective in inhibiting the growth of all tested microorganisms. Furthermore, they exhibit an interesting cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer cell lines, especially Artemisia judaica methanol extract. These findings suggested that Artemisia judaica (Asteraceae), Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae), and Suaeda monoica (Chenopodiaceae) could be natural sources for the discovery of new drugs.
{"title":"Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of Artemisia judaica, Ruta graveolens and Suaeda monoica from Saudi Arabia","authors":"Saida S. Ncibi, Aymen, M. Madkhali, Magbool E. Oraiby, Jamilah A. Almalki, Hussein A. Khadashi, Abdullah A. Mobarki, Syam Mohan, Hassan A. Hamali","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2723","url":null,"abstract":"Artemisia judaica, Ruta graveolens, and Suaeda monoica, indigenous plants to Jazan, second smallest region of Saudi Arabia, have several uses in the local folk medicine. This research aims to study the chemical composition of their methanol extracts and to explore some related biological activities. The different extracts Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy profiling revealed the occurrence of many compounds within these extracts. Besides, this study revealed varied and selective antibacterial activities of these extracts. Ruta graveolens methanol extract was effective in inhibiting the growth of all tested microorganisms. Furthermore, they exhibit an interesting cytotoxic effect on human breast cancer cell lines, especially Artemisia judaica methanol extract. These findings suggested that Artemisia judaica (Asteraceae), Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae), and Suaeda monoica (Chenopodiaceae) could be natural sources for the discovery of new drugs.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic kidney disease is a global health burden and is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality for many diseases. The estimated prevalence of CKD worldwide is 9.1% (697.5 million cases) in all the age groups and about 1·2 million people died from CKD in 2017. Proteinuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate are the major indicators of the kidney damage.The need for reliable models for increasing prevalence is apparent. Animal models allow analysis of complex disease pathophysiology, for introducing new drugs and interventions in CKD. Studying various models will help in selection of appropriate model suitable for the cause of CKD.
{"title":"A Review on Animal Models of Chronic Kidney Disease- An Update","authors":"Deepthi R, Suhasin Ganta","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2711","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease is a global health burden and is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality for many diseases. The estimated prevalence of CKD worldwide is 9.1% (697.5 million cases) in all the age groups and about 1·2 million people died from CKD in 2017. Proteinuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate are the major indicators of the kidney damage.The need for reliable models for increasing prevalence is apparent. Animal models allow analysis of complex disease pathophysiology, for introducing new drugs and interventions in CKD. Studying various models will help in selection of appropriate model suitable for the cause of CKD.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The immune system supports antigenic homeostasis in the body and regulates the processes of proliferation and differentiation of cellular components in hemo- and immunopoiesis. Chromium compounds and ionizing radiation lead to the formation of highly reactive free radicals. Sublethal dose of gamma-irradiation is characterized by a 56% decrease in thymus cellularity and a 22% decrease in lymph nodes against the background of a 44% increase in the number of lymphoid cells in the spleen. Under the combined effect of hexavalent chromium and gamma-radiation, a decrease in the number of lymphoid cells is observed. In thymus the cellularity decreases by 70%, in spleen - by 40%, in lymph nodes - by 42% in comparison with control data. Under the influence of boric acid the number of lymphoid cells in thymus significantly increases by 47%, in lymph nodes - by 14% (p<0.05) compared to the data of irradiated animals. Boric acid administration weakens the development of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation decreases, and the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in immunocompetent cells is increased.
{"title":"Effect of Boric Acid on Oxidative Damage in Immunocompetent Organs under Conditions of Potassium Bichromate and Gamma Radiation Exposure","authors":"Marat Iztleuov, Yerbolat Iztleuov, Gulnara Temirova, Dariga Yesmukhanova, Ainur Akhmetova, Assem Temirbayeva, Raushan Medeuova, Almagul Zhumasheva, Arailym Sarishova","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2730","url":null,"abstract":"The immune system supports antigenic homeostasis in the body and regulates the processes of proliferation and differentiation of cellular components in hemo- and immunopoiesis. Chromium compounds and ionizing radiation lead to the formation of highly reactive free radicals. Sublethal dose of gamma-irradiation is characterized by a 56% decrease in thymus cellularity and a 22% decrease in lymph nodes against the background of a 44% increase in the number of lymphoid cells in the spleen. Under the combined effect of hexavalent chromium and gamma-radiation, a decrease in the number of lymphoid cells is observed. In thymus the cellularity decreases by 70%, in spleen - by 40%, in lymph nodes - by 42% in comparison with control data. Under the influence of boric acid the number of lymphoid cells in thymus significantly increases by 47%, in lymph nodes - by 14% (p<0.05) compared to the data of irradiated animals. Boric acid administration weakens the development of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation decreases, and the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in immunocompetent cells is increased.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Durairaj Natesan, Vidhya Venugopal, Maheshkumar kuppusamy, P .Saiprasad, A. Subhashini
Background: Women in developing countries are exposed to household air pollution from traditional cook a stove, which causes a huge burden of morbidity. This study aims to examine the impact of cooking fuel use on lung function changes among women in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, 565 adult women (237 using solid biomass fuel and 328 using clean fuel for cooking) participated in this cross-sectional study. Basic demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and exposure related information such as fuel type, kitchen type, type of house, and other potential sources of particulates inside the house, such as cigarettes; incense, and mosquito coils, were collected using questionnaires. A pulmonary function test assessment was done for all participants using a KOKO spirometer following the standard protocols. Results: Pulmonary function was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in rural women using biomass fuel for cooking. Women in the biomass group had FVC 2.45 (0.58), FEV1 1.99 (0.49), and PEFR 5.31 (1.54), while women in the LPG group had FVC 2.63 (0.48), FEV1 2.19 (0.42), and PEFR 5.81 (1.38). Conclusion: This cross-sectional study found that the reduction in the pulmonary function parameters was considerably higher among women using biomass for cooking compared to women using liquefied petroleum gas for cooking in rural Tamil Nadu. Objective measurements by spirometry from this study can help physicians and health policy makers develop measures for better prevention and management of respiratory diseases among rural women in Tamil Nadu, southern India.
{"title":"Lung Function Impairment Among Women Cooking with Biomass Fuels Compared to LPG Fuel in Rural Tamil Nadu","authors":"Durairaj Natesan, Vidhya Venugopal, Maheshkumar kuppusamy, P .Saiprasad, A. Subhashini","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2728","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women in developing countries are exposed to household air pollution from traditional cook a stove, which causes a huge burden of morbidity. This study aims to examine the impact of cooking fuel use on lung function changes among women in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, 565 adult women (237 using solid biomass fuel and 328 using clean fuel for cooking) participated in this cross-sectional study. Basic demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and exposure related information such as fuel type, kitchen type, type of house, and other potential sources of particulates inside the house, such as cigarettes; incense, and mosquito coils, were collected using questionnaires. A pulmonary function test assessment was done for all participants using a KOKO spirometer following the standard protocols. Results: Pulmonary function was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in rural women using biomass fuel for cooking. Women in the biomass group had FVC 2.45 (0.58), FEV1 1.99 (0.49), and PEFR 5.31 (1.54), while women in the LPG group had FVC 2.63 (0.48), FEV1 2.19 (0.42), and PEFR 5.81 (1.38). Conclusion: This cross-sectional study found that the reduction in the pulmonary function parameters was considerably higher among women using biomass for cooking compared to women using liquefied petroleum gas for cooking in rural Tamil Nadu. Objective measurements by spirometry from this study can help physicians and health policy makers develop measures for better prevention and management of respiratory diseases among rural women in Tamil Nadu, southern India.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135031918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Micronucleus test (MN) in buccal cells of the mouth presents a new road on the way of studying the degenerative changes directly in the targeted organs which were impacted by the tumoral diseases. Aim of the study: This paper aims to analyze the incidence of the test micronucleus in the epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa of the oral cavity in male patients with breast carcinoma after a cycle of chemotherapy. Material and Methods: In the study, 40 male patients with breast cancer with an average age of 45.8±15.5 years were taken for analysis. From the measured parameters, we analyzed the incidence of degenerative changes and the effect of chemotherapy, after one cycle of chemotherapy. Results: The average number of deteriorative modifications in the exfoliative cells deriving from the buccal mucosa of breast cancer patients, increased significantly after a single cycle of chemotherapy with 15.5±22.4 being the number of degenerated cells before treatments and 27.5±30.1 after the first cycle of chemotherapy, p<0.0002. A significant increase was noticed in all types of nuclear degenerations. The incidence of acute nuclear changes as well as the total number of these modifications was high in males diagnosed with breast carcinoma Conclusion: The results show that cytostatic drugs induced cellular cytotoxicity. However, it did not significantly change chromosomal changes or the micronuclei formation.
{"title":"Degenerative Changes of Buccal Cells After One Cycle of Chemotherapy on Male Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Fitim Alidema, Arieta Hasani Alidema, Albina Fejza, Albulena Jashari Selmani","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2763","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Micronucleus test (MN) in buccal cells of the mouth presents a new road on the way of studying the degenerative changes directly in the targeted organs which were impacted by the tumoral diseases. Aim of the study: This paper aims to analyze the incidence of the test micronucleus in the epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa of the oral cavity in male patients with breast carcinoma after a cycle of chemotherapy. Material and Methods: In the study, 40 male patients with breast cancer with an average age of 45.8±15.5 years were taken for analysis. From the measured parameters, we analyzed the incidence of degenerative changes and the effect of chemotherapy, after one cycle of chemotherapy. Results: The average number of deteriorative modifications in the exfoliative cells deriving from the buccal mucosa of breast cancer patients, increased significantly after a single cycle of chemotherapy with 15.5±22.4 being the number of degenerated cells before treatments and 27.5±30.1 after the first cycle of chemotherapy, p<0.0002. A significant increase was noticed in all types of nuclear degenerations. The incidence of acute nuclear changes as well as the total number of these modifications was high in males diagnosed with breast carcinoma Conclusion: The results show that cytostatic drugs induced cellular cytotoxicity. However, it did not significantly change chromosomal changes or the micronuclei formation.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mali Kalpana Ramanna, Soundarya Priyadarsini. K, Siddharam S. Janti, Maduram Annamalai, Madhavi Eerike
Introduction: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and opioids use remain the mainstay for pain treatment. However, both groups of drugs are well known for their common and severe side effects. Medicinal plants could be the better option to overcome these side effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of seeds of Manilkara zapota has already been demonstrated in experimental animals. As pain always accompanies inflammation, we have set forward a study to discover the analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Manilkara Zapota in animal models using Eddy's hot plate method. Aims and objectives: To explore the analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Manilkara zapota seeds using Eddy's hot plate method. To compare the effect of ethanolic extract of Manilkara zapota seeds with the commonly used analgesic drug aspirin. Material and Methods: This study was conducted by using Eddy's hot plate method. A total of 12 Adult Wistar albino rats were grouped into three groups of 4 animals in each group. These groups were Group I: Control (normal saline), Group II: Standard (Aspirin 25mg per kg) Group III: Ethanolic extract of Manilkara zapota (200mg per kg). The reaction time was recorded at 0, 30, 60 & 90 minutes after injecting normal saline, standard drug, and extract. Result: The increase in mean reaction time of the extract was statistically significant (p< 0.0001) at 30, 60, and 90 min compared to that of the control. There was less increase in the reaction time of extract treated group compared to that of the aspirin-treated group at 30 min & 60 min points. Conclusion: The analgesic activity of the extract was significantly more than that of the control group. Peak analgesic activity occurred at 60 and 90 minutes.
非甾体类抗炎药和阿片类药物仍然是治疗疼痛的主要方法。然而，这两组药物都以其常见和严重的副作用而闻名。药用植物可能是克服这些副作用的更好选择。芒果树种子的抗炎活性已在实验动物中得到证实。由于疼痛总是伴随着炎症，我们采用Eddy's hot plate法对动物模型进行了一项研究，以发现芒草乙醇提取物的镇痛活性。目的与目的:采用热板法研究芒草种子乙醇提取物的镇痛作用。比较芒草种子乙醇提取物与常用镇痛药阿司匹林的镇痛效果。材料与方法:本研究采用涡流热板法。取成年Wistar白化大鼠12只，随机分为3组，每组4只。各组分别为:ⅰ组:对照组(生理盐水)，ⅱ组:标准组(阿司匹林25mg / kg)，ⅲ组:芒草乙醇提取物(200mg / kg)。反应时间分别记录在0、30、60安培;注射生理盐水，标准药物和提取物90分钟后。结果:提取液的平均反应时间增加有统计学意义(p<0.0001)在30,60和90分钟与对照组相比。在30 min时，提取物处理组的反应时间较阿司匹林处理组增加较少;60分。结论:该提取物的镇痛活性明显高于对照组。镇痛活性峰值出现在60分钟和90分钟。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Analgesic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Manilkara Zapota Seeds in Experimental Animal Model","authors":"Mali Kalpana Ramanna, Soundarya Priyadarsini. K, Siddharam S. Janti, Maduram Annamalai, Madhavi Eerike","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2759","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and opioids use remain the mainstay for pain treatment. However, both groups of drugs are well known for their common and severe side effects. Medicinal plants could be the better option to overcome these side effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of seeds of Manilkara zapota has already been demonstrated in experimental animals. As pain always accompanies inflammation, we have set forward a study to discover the analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Manilkara Zapota in animal models using Eddy's hot plate method. Aims and objectives: To explore the analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Manilkara zapota seeds using Eddy's hot plate method. To compare the effect of ethanolic extract of Manilkara zapota seeds with the commonly used analgesic drug aspirin. Material and Methods: This study was conducted by using Eddy's hot plate method. A total of 12 Adult Wistar albino rats were grouped into three groups of 4 animals in each group. These groups were Group I: Control (normal saline), Group II: Standard (Aspirin 25mg per kg) Group III: Ethanolic extract of Manilkara zapota (200mg per kg). The reaction time was recorded at 0, 30, 60 & 90 minutes after injecting normal saline, standard drug, and extract. Result: The increase in mean reaction time of the extract was statistically significant (p< 0.0001) at 30, 60, and 90 min compared to that of the control. There was less increase in the reaction time of extract treated group compared to that of the aspirin-treated group at 30 min & 60 min points. Conclusion: The analgesic activity of the extract was significantly more than that of the control group. Peak analgesic activity occurred at 60 and 90 minutes.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eman M. El-Sayed, Khadiga S Ibrahim, Eman Refaat Youness
Patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience thrombotic complications, cytokine storm, immune disorder, hypoxia, numerous disturbances in iron homeostasis, and increased oxidative stress. In addition to the appearance of the classic onset symptoms of COVID-19 which are cough fever and chest pain. Dietary supplements or nutraceuticals can be used as an adjunct treatment to improve patients' recovery. Omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) in particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibit anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and immunomodulatory properties that, when combined with the appropriate therapeutic intervention, may improve patient outcomes. Upon oxidation, EPA and DHA produce specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that induce resolution of inflammation through inhibiting neutrophil migration, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis, and decreasing proinflammatory mediators which are risk factors for COVID-19 and increasing its severity. Moreover, ω-3PUFAs have many pathways to ameliorate various metabolic changes induced by viral infection. In this review, we attempted to summarize the available literature to understand the actual role of ω-3PUFAs that might improve or protect against COVID-19 and to determine whether it is possible to administer ω-3PUFAs as a co-therapy with conventional COVID-19 treatments.
{"title":"Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Adjunctive Therapy for COVID-19 Management: Review","authors":"Eman M. El-Sayed, Khadiga S Ibrahim, Eman Refaat Youness","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2708","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience thrombotic complications, cytokine storm, immune disorder, hypoxia, numerous disturbances in iron homeostasis, and increased oxidative stress. In addition to the appearance of the classic onset symptoms of COVID-19 which are cough fever and chest pain. Dietary supplements or nutraceuticals can be used as an adjunct treatment to improve patients' recovery. Omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) in particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exhibit anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and immunomodulatory properties that, when combined with the appropriate therapeutic intervention, may improve patient outcomes. Upon oxidation, EPA and DHA produce specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that induce resolution of inflammation through inhibiting neutrophil migration, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis, and decreasing proinflammatory mediators which are risk factors for COVID-19 and increasing its severity. Moreover, ω-3PUFAs have many pathways to ameliorate various metabolic changes induced by viral infection. In this review, we attempted to summarize the available literature to understand the actual role of ω-3PUFAs that might improve or protect against COVID-19 and to determine whether it is possible to administer ω-3PUFAs as a co-therapy with conventional COVID-19 treatments.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid increase in drug resistance in nosocomial pathogens has warranted the search for novel treatment strategies. Targeting quorum sensing (QS) found in bacteria is opined as an alluring method as many pathogenic bacteria employ QS to modulate their virulence. Plants with an enchanting repertoire of phytochemicals can serve as the source for anti-QS compounds. Ferns, the vascular plants have been reported to be used for treating various ailments in traditional systems of medicine. Although some studies have described the antibacterial activity of ferns, to the best of our knowledge there are no investigations carried out to explore their anti-QS potential. Against this background, the current investigation aimed at identifying the anti-QS activity of ferns in inhibiting biofilm formation in selected nosocomial pathogens. Of the several ferns tested, hexane extract of Psilotumnudum leaf and ethanol extract of Cheilanthestenuifolia leaf exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus and E. coli respectively. There was a marked reduction in biofilm formation of approximately 80%. The presence of anti-QS compounds in these ferns paves way for further research to isolate and identify them.
医院内病原菌耐药性的迅速增加使得寻找新的治疗策略成为必要。靶向群体感应(targeted quorum sensing, QS)被认为是一种有吸引力的方法，因为许多致病菌都利用QS来调节它们的毒力。具有丰富的植物化学物质的植物可以作为抗qs化合物的来源。据报道，蕨类植物是一种维管植物，在传统医学体系中被用于治疗各种疾病。虽然一些研究已经描述了蕨类植物的抗菌活性，但据我们所知，还没有开展调查来探索其抗qs的潜力。在此背景下，本研究旨在鉴定蕨类植物在抑制选定医院病原菌生物膜形成中的抗qs活性。在几种蕨类植物中，裸蕨叶的己烷提取物和大头菜叶的乙醇提取物分别对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有显著的抗生物膜活性。生物膜的形成明显减少了约80%。这些蕨类植物中抗qs化合物的存在为进一步分离和鉴定它们铺平了道路。
{"title":"Assessment of Anti-biofilm Activity of Ferns Against Nosocomial Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"Saloni Saloni, Sarika Suresh","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2750","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid increase in drug resistance in nosocomial pathogens has warranted the search for novel treatment strategies. Targeting quorum sensing (QS) found in bacteria is opined as an alluring method as many pathogenic bacteria employ QS to modulate their virulence. Plants with an enchanting repertoire of phytochemicals can serve as the source for anti-QS compounds. Ferns, the vascular plants have been reported to be used for treating various ailments in traditional systems of medicine. Although some studies have described the antibacterial activity of ferns, to the best of our knowledge there are no investigations carried out to explore their anti-QS potential. Against this background, the current investigation aimed at identifying the anti-QS activity of ferns in inhibiting biofilm formation in selected nosocomial pathogens. Of the several ferns tested, hexane extract of Psilotumnudum leaf and ethanol extract of Cheilanthestenuifolia leaf exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus and E. coli respectively. There was a marked reduction in biofilm formation of approximately 80%. The presence of anti-QS compounds in these ferns paves way for further research to isolate and identify them.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. N. Aripov, L. L. Akhunzhanova, A. U. Nabiev, O. A. Aripov, T. T. Khamroev
Since the prevalence of acute and especially severe chronic liver diseases of various etiologies increases from year to year, this pathology is recognized as the main burden on health worldwide. Currently, it has been established that the use of drugs based on essential phospholipids and plant origin with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity is very effective in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. In this regard, we studied under experimental conditions the effect of phytocomposition of soy lecithin, glycyrrhizic acid, lycopene and ecdysterone (conditional name hepalipin) and proanthacyanidin (conditional name yantacin) isolated from the plant Alhagi pseudalhagi on cytolytic-cholestatic liver damage, as well as on the development of fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of a new combination called Hepatocin obtained in a 1:1 ratio (100 mg/kg of Hepalipin and 100 mg/kg of Yantacin). All the studies conducted were conducted on adult nonlinear rats, while the experimental animals were divided into a control group infected with heliotrin, a substance with hepatotoxic action, a group receiving hepatocin, and an intact group that was not infected with heliotrin at the same time. In the conducted studies, hepatocin significantly inhibited the development of cytolytic-cholestatic liver damage, helped to maintain the functions of the liver synthesizing protein and glycogen, and when administered to experimental animals against the background of a chronic disease developing as a result of damage by heliotrin, it has an antioxidant effect. In addition, the use of hepatocin for more than two months in chronic liver damage or early stage fibrosis led to the restoration of serum enzymes of experimental animals, as well as regulators of cytochrome P450 and b5 fibrogenesis in liver tissues, PCNA, PDGF-BB to levels almost close to the initial (intact) values. Thus, in experimental conditions of chronic severe hepatitis or early stage fibrosis, hepatocin showed statistically significant advantages over Phosphogliv in terms of the intensity of hepatoprotective or antifibrotic action.
{"title":"Antifibrotic Efficacy of a New Phytocomposition of Essential Phospholipids with Glycyrrhizic Acid, Ecdysterone, Lycopene and Proanthacyanidin in Experimental Severe Chronic Hepatitis Compared with Phosphogliv","authors":"A. N. Aripov, L. L. Akhunzhanova, A. U. Nabiev, O. A. Aripov, T. T. Khamroev","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2761","url":null,"abstract":"Since the prevalence of acute and especially severe chronic liver diseases of various etiologies increases from year to year, this pathology is recognized as the main burden on health worldwide. Currently, it has been established that the use of drugs based on essential phospholipids and plant origin with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity is very effective in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. In this regard, we studied under experimental conditions the effect of phytocomposition of soy lecithin, glycyrrhizic acid, lycopene and ecdysterone (conditional name hepalipin) and proanthacyanidin (conditional name yantacin) isolated from the plant Alhagi pseudalhagi on cytolytic-cholestatic liver damage, as well as on the development of fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects of a new combination called Hepatocin obtained in a 1:1 ratio (100 mg/kg of Hepalipin and 100 mg/kg of Yantacin). All the studies conducted were conducted on adult nonlinear rats, while the experimental animals were divided into a control group infected with heliotrin, a substance with hepatotoxic action, a group receiving hepatocin, and an intact group that was not infected with heliotrin at the same time. In the conducted studies, hepatocin significantly inhibited the development of cytolytic-cholestatic liver damage, helped to maintain the functions of the liver synthesizing protein and glycogen, and when administered to experimental animals against the background of a chronic disease developing as a result of damage by heliotrin, it has an antioxidant effect. In addition, the use of hepatocin for more than two months in chronic liver damage or early stage fibrosis led to the restoration of serum enzymes of experimental animals, as well as regulators of cytochrome P450 and b5 fibrogenesis in liver tissues, PCNA, PDGF-BB to levels almost close to the initial (intact) values. Thus, in experimental conditions of chronic severe hepatitis or early stage fibrosis, hepatocin showed statistically significant advantages over Phosphogliv in terms of the intensity of hepatoprotective or antifibrotic action.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I Gede Widhiantara, Putu Angga Wiradana, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Ni Kadek Yunita Sari, I Wayan Rosiana, Ni Putu Widya Astuti, Luh Putu Widiastini, I Made Jawi, I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa
High cholesterol levels can increase lipid peroxidation in tissues that are potentially toxic to reproductive organ cells, especially the Leydig cells that produce the testosterone hormone. Blumea balsamifera leaf extract (BBLE) has the main content in the form of flavonoid compounds with antihypercholesterolemic activity. This study aimed to determine the effect of BBLE administration on MDA levels, StAR mRNA expression, Leydig cell counts, and testosterone levels in hypercholesterolemic rats. A posttest-only control group design was utilized in this research. For 50 days, 36 male Wistar rats had been separated into two groups: 1) the control group (HCD + 1 ml/day sterile aquadest) and 2) the BBLE group (HCD + 4 mg/bb rats per day). After treatment, MDA testicular tissue levels, StAR mRNA expression, Leydig cell count, and testosterone levels were measured in both groups. The data collected were statistically examined using the Independent T-test and path analysis. The results indicated that the MDA level was lower in the BBLE group, though StAR gene expression, Leydig cell count, and testosterone levels were significantly greater (p0.05). StAR mRNA expression had a significant direct effect on testosterone levels. Administration of BBLE had been shown to improve testosterone hormone secretion in hypercholesterolemic rats by preventing oxidative stress in testicular tissue with the signs of lower MDA levels, up-regulation of the StAR mRNA, and Leydig cell regeneration.
{"title":"Blumea balsamifera Leaf Extract Maintain Testosterone Levels in Hypercholesterolemic Rats Through Antioxidant Mechanism and Upregulation of StAR Gene Expression","authors":"I Gede Widhiantara, Putu Angga Wiradana, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Ni Kadek Yunita Sari, I Wayan Rosiana, Ni Putu Widya Astuti, Luh Putu Widiastini, I Made Jawi, I Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2724","url":null,"abstract":"High cholesterol levels can increase lipid peroxidation in tissues that are potentially toxic to reproductive organ cells, especially the Leydig cells that produce the testosterone hormone. Blumea balsamifera leaf extract (BBLE) has the main content in the form of flavonoid compounds with antihypercholesterolemic activity. This study aimed to determine the effect of BBLE administration on MDA levels, StAR mRNA expression, Leydig cell counts, and testosterone levels in hypercholesterolemic rats. A posttest-only control group design was utilized in this research. For 50 days, 36 male Wistar rats had been separated into two groups: 1) the control group (HCD + 1 ml/day sterile aquadest) and 2) the BBLE group (HCD + 4 mg/bb rats per day). After treatment, MDA testicular tissue levels, StAR mRNA expression, Leydig cell count, and testosterone levels were measured in both groups. The data collected were statistically examined using the Independent T-test and path analysis. The results indicated that the MDA level was lower in the BBLE group, though StAR gene expression, Leydig cell count, and testosterone levels were significantly greater (p0.05). StAR mRNA expression had a significant direct effect on testosterone levels. Administration of BBLE had been shown to improve testosterone hormone secretion in hypercholesterolemic rats by preventing oxidative stress in testicular tissue with the signs of lower MDA levels, up-regulation of the StAR mRNA, and Leydig cell regeneration.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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