The most common disease states of chronic liver illnesses include alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and viral hepatitis can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of selenium-associated tumor management angiogenesis in liver fibrosis and inflammation is yet unknown. As a result, in this current study, cytotoxicity of selenium ( Se) was evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma cells ( HepG2) to determine IC50 ( in vitro study) and we established a mouse model of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) to explore the role of selenium in the processing of tumor angiogenesis in liver injury and inflammation ( in vivo study). EAC cells was used to induce ascites tumor in albino mice and studied their consequence role on body weight gain and liver e. In EAC tumor-bearing mice, we discovered a substantial increase in body weight. Furthermore, mice with EAC tumors had higher levels of liver enzymes implicated in the etiology of liver inflammation, as well as biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-), α fetoprotein (AFP), and caspase-3, Bcl2, and DNA damage.
{"title":"Antitumor Activity of Selenium in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice","authors":"Jihan Hussein, Zakaria El-khayat, Hanan Farouk","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2714","url":null,"abstract":"The most common disease states of chronic liver illnesses include alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and viral hepatitis can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of selenium-associated tumor management angiogenesis in liver fibrosis and inflammation is yet unknown. As a result, in this current study, cytotoxicity of selenium ( Se) was evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma cells ( HepG2) to determine IC50 ( in vitro study) and we established a mouse model of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) to explore the role of selenium in the processing of tumor angiogenesis in liver injury and inflammation ( in vivo study). EAC cells was used to induce ascites tumor in albino mice and studied their consequence role on body weight gain and liver e. In EAC tumor-bearing mice, we discovered a substantial increase in body weight. Furthermore, mice with EAC tumors had higher levels of liver enzymes implicated in the etiology of liver inflammation, as well as biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-), α fetoprotein (AFP), and caspase-3, Bcl2, and DNA damage.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhinav Goyal, Garima Bhutani, Meena Singh, Naveen Sharma, Seema Rani, Rahul Saini, Mohd Fazal Ahmed Makki
Background: Sedative agents are used during surgeries to reduce stress and anxiety and discomfort of the patient. An ideal sedation agent should provide a rapid onset of action and faster recovery. Almost all commonly used sedative agents in daycare surgeries affect the cognitive and psychomotor functions. The research question of this study was to find out which of the commonly used sedative agents- Dexmedetomidine or Midazolam-Fentanyl combination produces less impact on the psychomotor functions of the patients. Materials and Methods: Seventy two patients who were undergoing tympanoplasty under local anesthesia, were randomly divided into two equal groups - Group D (dexmedetomidine) and Group MF (midazolam and fentanyl) using a computer-based randomization scheme. Group D received dexmedetomidine till an adequate sedation score was achieved (Ramsay sedation scale =3). Group MF patients received midazolam and fentanyl till an adequate sedation score was achieved. Baseline psychomotor assessment and delirium assessment was done 30 minutes prior to the shifting of the patient to operation theatre. All the scores were compared at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours by using MMSE test and stroop color word interference test for psychomotor assessment and short-CAM & Short-CAM severity test for delirium assessment. Statistical analysis was done by applying paired t-test and repeated measure ANOVA for intra-group comparison and for intergroup comparison, independent t-test was applied. Results: There was a significant decline in MMSE score and stroop color word interference score at post-operative period as compared to the baseline values in both the groups up to 4 hours. No such significant difference was seen at 8 hours post-operative period. In both groups, more patients in MF group had mild cognitive dysfunction at 1 hour post-op period, as compared to patient in D group. None of the patients showed severe cognitive impairment. In Group MF, the total number of patients showing signs of delirium was more as compared to group D at Post-op 1 hour. But no signs of delirium were found in any patient in later readings. When presented, the severity of delirium was assessed by Short CAM severity test score. It was observed that all patients who had delirium had CAM severity score of 1 only. Conclusion: The present study concluded that drug dexmedetomidine causes less cognitive decline and less chances of producing post-op delirium as compared to midazolam-fentanyl combination when used for sedation at the time of surgery.
背景:在手术中使用镇静剂来减轻病人的压力、焦虑和不适。一种理想的镇静剂应该提供快速起效和快速恢复。日托手术中常用的镇静药几乎都影响患者的认知和精神运动功能。本研究的研究问题是，在常用的镇静剂中，右美托咪定和咪达唑仑-芬太尼合用哪种对患者精神运动功能的影响更小。材料与方法:72例局部麻醉下行鼓室成形术的患者，采用计算机随机化方法随机分为D组(右美托咪定)和MF组(咪达唑仑和芬太尼)。D组给予右美托咪定，直至达到足够的镇静评分(Ramsay镇静评分=3)。MF组患者接受咪达唑仑和芬太尼治疗，直至达到足够的镇静评分。基线精神运动评估和谵妄评估在患者转移到手术室前30分钟完成。采用MMSE测验、stroop色词干扰测验和短卡姆(short-CAM)在30分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时和8小时进行比较。评估谵妄的Short-CAM严重程度试验。组内比较采用配对t检验和重复测量方差分析，组间比较采用独立t检验。结果:两组术后4小时MMSE评分和stroop color word interference评分较基线值均有显著下降。术后8小时无明显差异。两组术后1小时，MF组患者轻度认知功能障碍发生率均高于D组。没有患者表现出严重的认知障碍。术后1小时，MF组出现谵妄症状的患者总数多于D组。但在后来的读数中，没有发现任何病人有精神错乱的迹象。当出现谵妄严重程度时，用Short CAM严重程度测试评分评估。观察到所有谵妄患者的CAM严重程度评分仅为1。结论:本研究表明，与咪达唑仑-芬太尼联合应用相比，右美托咪定在术中镇静时引起的认知能力下降和术后谵妄发生率较低。
{"title":"Impact on Psychomotor Functions by Sedative Agents Used During Daycare Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled DoubleBlinded Study of Dexmedetomidine Versus Midazolam Fentanyl","authors":"Abhinav Goyal, Garima Bhutani, Meena Singh, Naveen Sharma, Seema Rani, Rahul Saini, Mohd Fazal Ahmed Makki","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2731","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sedative agents are used during surgeries to reduce stress and anxiety and discomfort of the patient. An ideal sedation agent should provide a rapid onset of action and faster recovery. Almost all commonly used sedative agents in daycare surgeries affect the cognitive and psychomotor functions. The research question of this study was to find out which of the commonly used sedative agents- Dexmedetomidine or Midazolam-Fentanyl combination produces less impact on the psychomotor functions of the patients. Materials and Methods: Seventy two patients who were undergoing tympanoplasty under local anesthesia, were randomly divided into two equal groups - Group D (dexmedetomidine) and Group MF (midazolam and fentanyl) using a computer-based randomization scheme. Group D received dexmedetomidine till an adequate sedation score was achieved (Ramsay sedation scale =3). Group MF patients received midazolam and fentanyl till an adequate sedation score was achieved. Baseline psychomotor assessment and delirium assessment was done 30 minutes prior to the shifting of the patient to operation theatre. All the scores were compared at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours by using MMSE test and stroop color word interference test for psychomotor assessment and short-CAM & Short-CAM severity test for delirium assessment. Statistical analysis was done by applying paired t-test and repeated measure ANOVA for intra-group comparison and for intergroup comparison, independent t-test was applied. Results: There was a significant decline in MMSE score and stroop color word interference score at post-operative period as compared to the baseline values in both the groups up to 4 hours. No such significant difference was seen at 8 hours post-operative period. In both groups, more patients in MF group had mild cognitive dysfunction at 1 hour post-op period, as compared to patient in D group. None of the patients showed severe cognitive impairment. In Group MF, the total number of patients showing signs of delirium was more as compared to group D at Post-op 1 hour. But no signs of delirium were found in any patient in later readings. When presented, the severity of delirium was assessed by Short CAM severity test score. It was observed that all patients who had delirium had CAM severity score of 1 only. Conclusion: The present study concluded that drug dexmedetomidine causes less cognitive decline and less chances of producing post-op delirium as compared to midazolam-fentanyl combination when used for sedation at the time of surgery.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135031917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ida Ayu Raka Astiti Asih, I Ketut Giri Harta Subawa, I Made Oka Adi Parwata
Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) has a good effect on the health of the human body traditionally. It is a plant that has antioxidant activity because containing phenol and flavonoid compounds. The focus of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Secang wood water extract in vitro and in vivo. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power method is used to examine antioxidant activity in vitro, while Wistar rats are used to test it in vivo. Test animals are given orally 50 mg/kgBW of the Secang wood water extract. Malondialdehyde levels and Superoxide Dismutase activity in rat heart and liver tissue with maximum physical activity were measured after the five-day intervention. In vitro, tests revealed that Secang wood water extract, which contained 393.7374 mg AAE/g of the sample, had the highest antioxidant capacity. In vivo, a test revealed that consumption of Secang wood water extract significantly (p < 0.05) boosted Superoxide Dismutase activity and lowered Malondialdehyde levels in the Wistar rats compared to the control.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Secang Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L) Water Extract in Wistar Rats","authors":"Ida Ayu Raka Astiti Asih, I Ketut Giri Harta Subawa, I Made Oka Adi Parwata","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2734","url":null,"abstract":"Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) has a good effect on the health of the human body traditionally. It is a plant that has antioxidant activity because containing phenol and flavonoid compounds. The focus of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Secang wood water extract in vitro and in vivo. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power method is used to examine antioxidant activity in vitro, while Wistar rats are used to test it in vivo. Test animals are given orally 50 mg/kgBW of the Secang wood water extract. Malondialdehyde levels and Superoxide Dismutase activity in rat heart and liver tissue with maximum physical activity were measured after the five-day intervention. In vitro, tests revealed that Secang wood water extract, which contained 393.7374 mg AAE/g of the sample, had the highest antioxidant capacity. In vivo, a test revealed that consumption of Secang wood water extract significantly (p < 0.05) boosted Superoxide Dismutase activity and lowered Malondialdehyde levels in the Wistar rats compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135031929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Luay Osman, Salah Eldin Omar Hussein, Iqra Nizam, Deepa Dilip, Mariam Mahamadou, Jood Al Herafi, Sana Gulroz, Ibrahim Elsayed, Abd Elgadir Elamin Eltom, Devapriya Finney, raveen Kumar Kandakurti
Objective: The study aims to compare the antifungal effectiveness of nine different nano-particle- containing fluconazole variants with the standard form of fluconazole against Candida albicans in a laboratory setting. Design: The study is an experimental laboratory-based study. Setting: The research was conducted in the department of Medical Laboratory Sciences at Gulf Medical University, Ajman. Subjects: The study used standard strains of pathogenic Candida albicans ATCC66027 for experimentation. Intervention: Candida albicans was exposed to varying concentrations of nine different nano- particle-containing fluconazole forms. The mixture of the organism and drug was incubated for 2 minutes, followed by transferring 50 µL to Sabouraud Dextrose agar plates. These plates were then incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome measure was the counting of colonies using a colony counter, with the number of CFUs/mL plotted against the concentration of different nano forms of fluconazole to estimate differences in effectiveness. Results: The findings suggest that the nano form of fluconazole effectively inhibits the growth of Candida albicans, especially at higher concentrations, compared to the normal form of fluconazole. The study highlights that the small size of the nano agents allows for better penetration of fluconazole, enhancing its effectiveness against Candida albicans. Conclusion: The study concludes that nano-particle-containing fluconazole variants demonstrate significant variations in reducing the colony count of Candida albicans when compared to the standard form of fluconazole.
{"title":"An In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-fungal Activity of Different Nano forms of Fluconazole Against Candida albicans","authors":"Ahmed Luay Osman, Salah Eldin Omar Hussein, Iqra Nizam, Deepa Dilip, Mariam Mahamadou, Jood Al Herafi, Sana Gulroz, Ibrahim Elsayed, Abd Elgadir Elamin Eltom, Devapriya Finney, raveen Kumar Kandakurti","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2720","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study aims to compare the antifungal effectiveness of nine different nano-particle- containing fluconazole variants with the standard form of fluconazole against Candida albicans in a laboratory setting. Design: The study is an experimental laboratory-based study. Setting: The research was conducted in the department of Medical Laboratory Sciences at Gulf Medical University, Ajman. Subjects: The study used standard strains of pathogenic Candida albicans ATCC66027 for experimentation. Intervention: Candida albicans was exposed to varying concentrations of nine different nano- particle-containing fluconazole forms. The mixture of the organism and drug was incubated for 2 minutes, followed by transferring 50 µL to Sabouraud Dextrose agar plates. These plates were then incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome measure was the counting of colonies using a colony counter, with the number of CFUs/mL plotted against the concentration of different nano forms of fluconazole to estimate differences in effectiveness. Results: The findings suggest that the nano form of fluconazole effectively inhibits the growth of Candida albicans, especially at higher concentrations, compared to the normal form of fluconazole. The study highlights that the small size of the nano agents allows for better penetration of fluconazole, enhancing its effectiveness against Candida albicans. Conclusion: The study concludes that nano-particle-containing fluconazole variants demonstrate significant variations in reducing the colony count of Candida albicans when compared to the standard form of fluconazole.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135031930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of methanolic leaf extract of Prosopis juliflora (PJ) in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) in rats using clinical, hematological, biochemical parameters, inflammatory markers, histopathological examination of vital organs and mortality. Materials and Methods: 60 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups with 18 rats each in groups 1, 2 &3 and 6 rats in group 4. Rats in group 1 were not given any treatment and served as inflammation (SIRS) control while rats in group 2 received Hydrocortisone 5 mg/kg IV 12th hourly and rats in group 3, received methanolic leaf extract of PJ2 mg/kg 12th hourly orally from day 1 to day 3. SIRS was induced in groups 1 to 3 on day 4 with single intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The rats in groups 1-3 were divided into subgroups- A, B and C, that were sacrificed on day 5, 6 and 7, ie., 24, 48 and 72 hours after LPS injection respectively. The treatment was continued with hydrocortisone and PJ leaf extract in groups 2 and 3 till the animals were sacrificed. The laboratory assessments were carried out at the time of sacrificing the animals. Group 4 animals did not receive any treatment and were sacrificed on day 4 to provide presumptive baseline data. The data were statistically compared using repeated measures ANOVA within the groups and one-way ANOVA between the groups. Results: The results showed that PJ leaf extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in terms of improvement in body temperature, total WBC count and all the inflammatory markers and the data was statistically significant for all parameters (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that PJ has a potential therapeutic role in SIRS.
{"title":"Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Prosopis Juliflora in Lipopolysaccharide Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in Wistar Albino Rats","authors":"Sushil Chittrarasan, Arunkumar Radhakrishnan, Tanuja Lella, Lakshitha Niyatee Rao K, Padmaja Sugumar, Srivignesh Ravi, Abinaya Elango","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2752","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of methanolic leaf extract of Prosopis juliflora (PJ) in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) in rats using clinical, hematological, biochemical parameters, inflammatory markers, histopathological examination of vital organs and mortality. Materials and Methods: 60 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups with 18 rats each in groups 1, 2 &3 and 6 rats in group 4. Rats in group 1 were not given any treatment and served as inflammation (SIRS) control while rats in group 2 received Hydrocortisone 5 mg/kg IV 12th hourly and rats in group 3, received methanolic leaf extract of PJ2 mg/kg 12th hourly orally from day 1 to day 3. SIRS was induced in groups 1 to 3 on day 4 with single intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The rats in groups 1-3 were divided into subgroups- A, B and C, that were sacrificed on day 5, 6 and 7, ie., 24, 48 and 72 hours after LPS injection respectively. The treatment was continued with hydrocortisone and PJ leaf extract in groups 2 and 3 till the animals were sacrificed. The laboratory assessments were carried out at the time of sacrificing the animals. Group 4 animals did not receive any treatment and were sacrificed on day 4 to provide presumptive baseline data. The data were statistically compared using repeated measures ANOVA within the groups and one-way ANOVA between the groups. Results: The results showed that PJ leaf extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in terms of improvement in body temperature, total WBC count and all the inflammatory markers and the data was statistically significant for all parameters (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that PJ has a potential therapeutic role in SIRS.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mosquito-borne diseases are among the major ailments of world affecting billions of people living in economically poor and developing countries. The development of insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors has forced the global community to look into alternative sources of medicines with better efficacy and less side effects. Plants with rich sources of metabolites have been explored extensively for mosquitocidal activity. The present study explored the antioxidant and larvicidal activities of five important plants traditionally used as mosquito repellent by tribal communities of fringe villages of Manas National Park of Assam. Methods: Methanolic crude extracts were prepared for all the plants following standard protocols. Phytochemical and antioxidant study was performed following the protocol published in recent publications. Larvicidal bioassay was carried out as per WHO protocol. Results: The study observed considerable phytochemical and antioxidant activity. Phenolics, flavonoid and antioxidant activity, were found to be highest in Cinnamomum tamala. The phenolic and flavonoid value ranged from 9.89 to 147.15µgGAE/mg and 4.32 to 28.43µgQE/mg plant extract, respectively. The IC50 for various antioxidant activities ranged from 27.94 to 114.15µg/mL (DPPH), 15.05 to 707.74µg/mL and 40.23 to 338.91µg/mL (TBARS). Similarly, C. tamala showed the strongest larvicidal activity with LC50 value of 3.11mg/mL in Aedes aegypti larvae. Conclusion: The present study observed that C. tamala leaves could be a good source of phytochemicals and antioxidant and larvicidal activity.
{"title":"Study of Antioxidant and Larvicidal Properties of Selected Medicinal Plants of Fringe Villages of Manas National Park, Assam, India","authors":"Himangshu Baruah, Harmonjit Boro, Ananta Swargiary","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2753","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mosquito-borne diseases are among the major ailments of world affecting billions of people living in economically poor and developing countries. The development of insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors has forced the global community to look into alternative sources of medicines with better efficacy and less side effects. Plants with rich sources of metabolites have been explored extensively for mosquitocidal activity. The present study explored the antioxidant and larvicidal activities of five important plants traditionally used as mosquito repellent by tribal communities of fringe villages of Manas National Park of Assam. Methods: Methanolic crude extracts were prepared for all the plants following standard protocols. Phytochemical and antioxidant study was performed following the protocol published in recent publications. Larvicidal bioassay was carried out as per WHO protocol. Results: The study observed considerable phytochemical and antioxidant activity. Phenolics, flavonoid and antioxidant activity, were found to be highest in Cinnamomum tamala. The phenolic and flavonoid value ranged from 9.89 to 147.15µgGAE/mg and 4.32 to 28.43µgQE/mg plant extract, respectively. The IC50 for various antioxidant activities ranged from 27.94 to 114.15µg/mL (DPPH), 15.05 to 707.74µg/mL and 40.23 to 338.91µg/mL (TBARS). Similarly, C. tamala showed the strongest larvicidal activity with LC50 value of 3.11mg/mL in Aedes aegypti larvae. Conclusion: The present study observed that C. tamala leaves could be a good source of phytochemicals and antioxidant and larvicidal activity.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Papiashvili, M. V. Ghonghadze, N. V. Sharikadze, M. P. Khutsishvili, K. A. Bakuridze, A. J. Bakuridze, N. V. Gongadze, G. V. Sukoyan
The hypothesis stated here that, the long-term prevention by natural flavonoid phenolic compound, for example apigenin (Apg), improves baroreflex sensitivity and vascular resistance and occurs beneficial action for attenuation the renal hypertension (RH). One-kidney, 1-clip rats (1K1C) were treated with Apg for 2 weeks after 1 week of surgical intervention. At the end of the study in the control RH group the blood pressure (BP) increased on average by 43.5%, decreased in heart period (HP) by 9.8%, cardiochronotropic (vagal) component of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) by 50%, and adrenergic component by 34%. Thus, in 1K1C experimental model of hypertension, provides switching to parasympathetic component and accompanied with proportionally nearly two-fold increase in epinephrine (EPN) and norepinephrine (NE) without changes in EPN/NE ratio. Morphometric changes in the kidney and heart confirmed the development of kidney and cardiac hypertrophy and renal functioning disturbances (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased in more than two-fold) and markers of sodium reabsorption in proximal tubule, total trans-EETs, decreased in 1.6-fold. The pronounced increased proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1b (IL1 b), endothelin -1 (ET-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a confirmed the formation of “sterile inflammation” which strengthening by the nearly two-fold decreasing in the level of anti-inflammatory (vasodilatory) mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Preventive long-term regime treatment with Apg (5mg/kg i.p./daily) in RH rats significantly decreased BP by 18.6%, increased parasympathetic component of BRS by 38.5% without marked altered its sympathetic component. Such deremodeling in BRS sensitivity associated with significant decreased in heart and kidney hypertrophy and functional activity of kidney, normalization of BUN and total EETs, reducing in circulating plasma level of catecholamines, and markedly attenuated progression of inflammation, decreased of proinflammatory levels of cytokines. Thus, Apg provides preventive beneficial pluripotent action in RH rats by exerting antihypertensive, cardio- and renoprotective effects and attenuation of “sterile inflammation”.
本研究假设，芹菜素(Apg)等天然类黄酮酚类化合物的长期预防可以改善压力反射敏感性和血管阻力，对降低肾性高血压(RH)有有益作用。单肾一夹大鼠(1K1C)在手术干预1周后用Apg治疗2周。在研究结束时，对照组的血压(BP)平均上升43.5%，心期(HP)下降9.8%，压力反射敏感性(BRS)的促心性(迷走神经)成分下降50%，肾上腺素能成分下降34%。因此，在1K1C高血压实验模型中，提供向副交感神经成分的转换，并伴随着肾上腺素(EPN)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)按比例增加近两倍，而EPN/NE比值没有变化。肾脏和心脏的形态变化证实了肾脏和心脏肥厚的发展以及肾功能障碍(血尿素氮(BUN)增加了两倍以上)，近端小管钠重吸收标志物，总反式eets减少了1.6倍。促炎因子，白细胞介素1b (il - 1b)、内皮素-1 (ET-1)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF) -1的显著增加证实了“无菌炎症”的形成，这种炎症通过抗炎(血管扩张)介质前列腺素E2 (PGE2)水平的近两倍下降而加强。RH大鼠预防性长期用药Apg (5mg/kg i.p./daily)可显著降低血压18.6%，增加BRS副交感神经成分38.5%，但交感神经成分无明显改变。这种BRS敏感性的重塑与心脏和肾脏肥厚和肾脏功能活性的显著降低、BUN和总eet的正常化、循环血浆儿茶酚胺水平的降低、炎症进展的显著减轻、促炎细胞因子水平的降低相关。因此，Apg通过发挥抗高血压、心脏和肾保护作用以及衰减“无菌炎症”，在RH大鼠中提供了预防性有益的多能性作用。
{"title":"Efficacy of Flavonoid Apigenin on Hemodynamic indices, Baroreflex Function, Cardiac and Kidney Remodeling and Vasoactive-Inflammatory Biomarkers in Experimental Renal Hypertension","authors":"N. A. Papiashvili, M. V. Ghonghadze, N. V. Sharikadze, M. P. Khutsishvili, K. A. Bakuridze, A. J. Bakuridze, N. V. Gongadze, G. V. Sukoyan","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2760","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothesis stated here that, the long-term prevention by natural flavonoid phenolic compound, for example apigenin (Apg), improves baroreflex sensitivity and vascular resistance and occurs beneficial action for attenuation the renal hypertension (RH). One-kidney, 1-clip rats (1K1C) were treated with Apg for 2 weeks after 1 week of surgical intervention. At the end of the study in the control RH group the blood pressure (BP) increased on average by 43.5%, decreased in heart period (HP) by 9.8%, cardiochronotropic (vagal) component of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) by 50%, and adrenergic component by 34%. Thus, in 1K1C experimental model of hypertension, provides switching to parasympathetic component and accompanied with proportionally nearly two-fold increase in epinephrine (EPN) and norepinephrine (NE) without changes in EPN/NE ratio. Morphometric changes in the kidney and heart confirmed the development of kidney and cardiac hypertrophy and renal functioning disturbances (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased in more than two-fold) and markers of sodium reabsorption in proximal tubule, total trans-EETs, decreased in 1.6-fold. The pronounced increased proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1b (IL1 b), endothelin -1 (ET-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a confirmed the formation of “sterile inflammation” which strengthening by the nearly two-fold decreasing in the level of anti-inflammatory (vasodilatory) mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Preventive long-term regime treatment with Apg (5mg/kg i.p./daily) in RH rats significantly decreased BP by 18.6%, increased parasympathetic component of BRS by 38.5% without marked altered its sympathetic component. Such deremodeling in BRS sensitivity associated with significant decreased in heart and kidney hypertrophy and functional activity of kidney, normalization of BUN and total EETs, reducing in circulating plasma level of catecholamines, and markedly attenuated progression of inflammation, decreased of proinflammatory levels of cytokines. Thus, Apg provides preventive beneficial pluripotent action in RH rats by exerting antihypertensive, cardio- and renoprotective effects and attenuation of “sterile inflammation”.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Wahizul Haswan Abdul Aziz, Dayang Fredalina Basri, Siti Fathiah Masre, Ahmad Rohi Ghazali
The most common type of cancer found in the human outer and middle skin layers is keratinocyte carcinoma, often known as non-melanoma skin cancer. Although it can be aggressive, skin cancer is generally not fatal. This study aims to measure the chemopreventive and oxidative stress effects of terpenoid-rich Canarium odontophyllum Miq.’s leaf extract (TRCO) in the UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis model. The model involving human keratinocytes (HaCaT) was adapted with optimisations with pretreatment of 500 µg/ml TRCO (TRCO500) & 1000 µg/ml TRCO (TRCO1000). The HaCaT oncogenic transformation model's repetitive UVB exposure resulted in altered cell shape, according to our findings. Pretreatment of TRCO1000 significantly reduced tumour protein p53 (TP53) and marker of proliferation KI-67 (KI67) expression in UVB-induced HaCaT. Treatment with TRCO resulted in an overall reduction in oxidative stress. TRCO pretreatment showed reduced lipid peroxides, LPO and significantly reduced protein carbonyls. In conclusion, the promising results of this chemopreventive study using TRCO on this in-vitro skin carcinogenesis model suggested that it is worthwhile to conduct further isolations and assessments of terpenoids from C. odontophyllum Miq. leaf as a possible chemoprevention agent.
{"title":"Chemopreventive Measurements and Oxidative Stress Effects of Terpenoid-rich Canarium odontophyllum Miq. Leaf Extract (TRCO) in Ultraviolet B-Induced In-Vitro Skin Carcinogenesis Model","authors":"Muhammad Wahizul Haswan Abdul Aziz, Dayang Fredalina Basri, Siti Fathiah Masre, Ahmad Rohi Ghazali","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2732","url":null,"abstract":"The most common type of cancer found in the human outer and middle skin layers is keratinocyte carcinoma, often known as non-melanoma skin cancer. Although it can be aggressive, skin cancer is generally not fatal. This study aims to measure the chemopreventive and oxidative stress effects of terpenoid-rich Canarium odontophyllum Miq.’s leaf extract (TRCO) in the UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis model. The model involving human keratinocytes (HaCaT) was adapted with optimisations with pretreatment of 500 µg/ml TRCO (TRCO500) & 1000 µg/ml TRCO (TRCO1000). The HaCaT oncogenic transformation model's repetitive UVB exposure resulted in altered cell shape, according to our findings. Pretreatment of TRCO1000 significantly reduced tumour protein p53 (TP53) and marker of proliferation KI-67 (KI67) expression in UVB-induced HaCaT. Treatment with TRCO resulted in an overall reduction in oxidative stress. TRCO pretreatment showed reduced lipid peroxides, LPO and significantly reduced protein carbonyls. In conclusion, the promising results of this chemopreventive study using TRCO on this in-vitro skin carcinogenesis model suggested that it is worthwhile to conduct further isolations and assessments of terpenoids from C. odontophyllum Miq. leaf as a possible chemoprevention agent.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. This study was designed to investigate effect of penicillin on blood parameters in female rats. Ten female Wistar rats (130 – 150 g) were grouped into control and penicillin (17.14 mg/kg) – treated groups for blood assay. The penicillin was administered orally for 50 days. Haematological assay was carried out using haemocytometer, while biochemical assay was carried out using spectrophotometry. Mean +/- SEM and student’s t-test at p<0.05 were determined. Penicillin (17.14 mg/kg) significantly decreased haemoglobin and lymphocyte values, but induced significant increase in eosinophil value relative to their controls. It also significantly decreased total protein and ALP values relative to their controls. Conclusively, it can be suggested that penicillin had harmful effects on blood parameters in female Wistar rats via induction of significant reductions in hemoglobin, lymphocyte and total protein values. However, it also had advantageous effects on blood parameters in female Wistar rats via induction of significant increase in eosinophil value as well as significant decrease in ALP activity.
{"title":"Effect of Penicillin on Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters in Female Wistar Rats","authors":"Oyedeji K. O, Momoh R.O.","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2719","url":null,"abstract":"An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. This study was designed to investigate effect of penicillin on blood parameters in female rats. Ten female Wistar rats (130 – 150 g) were grouped into control and penicillin (17.14 mg/kg) – treated groups for blood assay. The penicillin was administered orally for 50 days. Haematological assay was carried out using haemocytometer, while biochemical assay was carried out using spectrophotometry. Mean +/- SEM and student’s t-test at p<0.05 were determined. Penicillin (17.14 mg/kg) significantly decreased haemoglobin and lymphocyte values, but induced significant increase in eosinophil value relative to their controls. It also significantly decreased total protein and ALP values relative to their controls. Conclusively, it can be suggested that penicillin had harmful effects on blood parameters in female Wistar rats via induction of significant reductions in hemoglobin, lymphocyte and total protein values. However, it also had advantageous effects on blood parameters in female Wistar rats via induction of significant increase in eosinophil value as well as significant decrease in ALP activity.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135032904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Putu Anda Tusta Adiputra, I Gede Putu Supadmanaba, I Gede Krisna Arim Sadeva, Anak Agung Bagus Putra Indrakusuma, Putri Ayu Wulandari, Desak Made Wihandani
Recent studies have shown that the CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism increases the risk of breast cancer and its invasive nature. However, studies evaluating the relationship of the CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism based on the clinicopathology of breast cancer patients in Indonesia were still limited. This study is aimed to determine the CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism in breast cancer and its relationship with the patient's clinicopathology. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study on 45 samples of breast cancer patients. After collecting demographic and clinical data, PCR and sequencing will be performed on all blood samples to determine the CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism. All variables that have been collected will be analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 to determine the relationship between the CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism and the clinicopathology of breast cancer patients. The CCND1 rs614367 gene polymorphism in breast cancer subjects showed that 25 (55.5%) and 20 (44.5%) subjects had C and T alleles. Subjects aged ≥ 50 years old had a significant 4.45 risk of having the T allele type (p=0.037). In addition, subjects with metastases (M1) were also at a significant 4.89 times risk of having the T allele type (p=0.015). Subjects with histological grade III also had a significantly 4.77 times risk of having the T allele type (p=0.013). In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism and breast cancer subjects' clinopathology features (age, metastasis, and grade). More than half of the subjects with this polymorphism had the C allele.
{"title":"Case Report: The Relationship of CCND1 RS614367 Polymorphism with Clinicopathological Features","authors":"Putu Anda Tusta Adiputra, I Gede Putu Supadmanaba, I Gede Krisna Arim Sadeva, Anak Agung Bagus Putra Indrakusuma, Putri Ayu Wulandari, Desak Made Wihandani","doi":"10.13005/bpj/2765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2765","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that the CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism increases the risk of breast cancer and its invasive nature. However, studies evaluating the relationship of the CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism based on the clinicopathology of breast cancer patients in Indonesia were still limited. This study is aimed to determine the CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism in breast cancer and its relationship with the patient's clinicopathology. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study on 45 samples of breast cancer patients. After collecting demographic and clinical data, PCR and sequencing will be performed on all blood samples to determine the CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism. All variables that have been collected will be analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 to determine the relationship between the CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism and the clinicopathology of breast cancer patients. The CCND1 rs614367 gene polymorphism in breast cancer subjects showed that 25 (55.5%) and 20 (44.5%) subjects had C and T alleles. Subjects aged ≥ 50 years old had a significant 4.45 risk of having the T allele type (p=0.037). In addition, subjects with metastases (M1) were also at a significant 4.89 times risk of having the T allele type (p=0.015). Subjects with histological grade III also had a significantly 4.77 times risk of having the T allele type (p=0.013). In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between CCND1 rs614367 polymorphism and breast cancer subjects' clinopathology features (age, metastasis, and grade). More than half of the subjects with this polymorphism had the C allele.","PeriodicalId":9054,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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