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Antibiofilm properties of silver nanoparticles incorporated into polymethyl methacrylate used for dental applications. 银纳米颗粒掺入用于牙科应用的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的抗生物膜特性。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BME-222513
Marine Ortiz-Magdaleno, Luis Sánchez-Vargas, Delia Gardea-Contreras, Verónica Campos-Ibarra, Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Raúl Márquez-Preciado

Background: Acrylic resins used in dental and biomedical applications do not have antimicrobial properties, their surface is susceptible to colonization of microorganisms.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) deposited in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surface against a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm.

Methods: The PMMA was impregnated with AgNPs by using the in-situ polymerization method. To determine the solubility of the incorporated silver (Ag+) atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used (AAS) at 24 h, 48 h, 7 days, and 30 days. Thirty specimens of PMMA with AgNPs and without NP (control group) were assembled in the CDC Biofilm Bioreactor system with a cell suspension of S. aureus. The specimens were removed at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h to determine the viability profile and quantify the Arbitrary Fluorescence Units (AFU).

Results: The AgNPs showed an irregular and quasispherical shape with an average size of 25 nm. AAS analysis demonstrated a low solubility of Ag+. The formation of the S. aureus biofilm increased as the evaluation periods continued up to 72 h. The experimental group showed poor growth, and a decrease in the intensity of the fluorescence demonstrated a statistically significant inhibition of the formation of the biofilm (P < 0.05) in relation to the control group at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h.

Conclusion: AgNPs incorporated into PMMA decreased the growth and maturation of S. aureus biofilm.

背景:用于牙科和生物医学应用的丙烯酸树脂不具有抗菌性能,它们的表面容易受到微生物定植的影响。目的:研究沉积在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)表面的银纳米粒子(AgNPs)对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的抗菌性能。方法:采用原位聚合法制备AgNPs。采用原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)测定掺入银(Ag+)在24 h、48 h、7 d和30 d的溶解度。采用金黄色葡萄球菌细胞悬浮液,在CDC生物膜生物反应器系统中组装30份含AgNPs和不含NP的PMMA标本(对照组)。在6、12、24、48和72 h时取出标本,测定活力谱并定量任意荧光单位(AFU)。结果:AgNPs呈不规则准球形,平均尺寸为25 nm。原子吸收光谱分析表明Ag+的溶解度较低。随着评价周期的持续至72 h,金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的形成增加。实验组在6、12、24、48、72 h时生长较差,荧光强度的降低对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的抑制作用较对照组有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:AgNPs掺入PMMA后,抑制了金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的生长和成熟。
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引用次数: 0
An in vivo preclinical study assessing biocompatibility of Pd-based bulk metallic glass. 评估pd基大块金属玻璃生物相容性的体内临床前研究。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BME-221392
Lukasz Witek, Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak, Ricardo Rodriguez Colon, Andrea Torroni, Marios D Demetriou, Paulo G Coelho

Background: The bulk metallic glass (BMG), Pd79Ag3.5P6Si9.5Ge2, has a high fracture toughness and has been found to accommodate post-yield stress, unlike most other BMG. Moreover, due to its greater noble gas composition it has a intrinsic corrosion resistance, ideal for dental and orthopedic implants.

Objective: This present study aimed to evaluate the in vivo application of Pd79Ag3.5P6Si9.5Ge2 in a large translational sheep model to assess its efficacy to be utilized as an endosteal device.

Methods: Twelve implants in the form of cylindrical rods (3 mm in diameter) were produced through rapid quenching. Each sheep (n = 12) received one osteotomy in the mandibular region using rotary instrumentation, which was filled with Pd79Ag3.5P6Si9.5Ge2. After 6- and 24-weeks the animals were euthanized, and samples collected en bloc to conduct histomorphometric analysis. The degree of osseointegration were assessed through bone-to-implant contact (BIC).

Results: All samples revealed favorable BIC along with with fibrous connective tissue layers at both 6- and 24-weeks. Bone along with interfacial remodeling was observed in proximity with the metallic glass surface at 6 weeks with higher degrees of bone organization being observed at the later healing time, 24 weeks.

Conclusions: The synthesized BMG, given its unique combination of toughness and strength, revealed potential to serve as an alternative to commonly used Ti alloys.

背景:大块金属玻璃(BMG) Pd79Ag3.5P6Si9.5Ge2具有较高的断裂韧性,并且与大多数其他BMG不同,它可以适应屈服后应力。此外,由于其较大的惰性气体成分,它具有固有的耐腐蚀性,是牙科和骨科植入物的理想选择。目的:本研究旨在评价Pd79Ag3.5P6Si9.5Ge2在大型转译羊模型中的体内应用,以评估其作为内膜装置的功效。方法:采用快速淬火法制备12个直径为3mm的圆柱形棒状种植体。每只羊(n = 12)使用旋转器械在下颌骨区域进行一次截骨,填充Pd79Ag3.5P6Si9.5Ge2。6周和24周后,对这些动物实施安乐死,并整体收集样本进行组织形态学分析。通过骨与种植体接触(BIC)评估骨整合程度。结果:所有样本在6周和24周时均显示良好的BIC和纤维结缔组织层。6周时,在金属玻璃表面附近观察到骨和界面重塑,在愈合时间较晚的24周时观察到更高程度的骨组织。结论:合成的BMG由于其独特的韧性和强度组合,显示出作为常用钛合金替代品的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of ellagic acid and retinoic acid on collagen and elastin production by human dermal fibroblasts. 鞣花酸和维甲酸对人真皮成纤维细胞生成胶原和弹性蛋白的影响。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BME-230007
Chloe Duckworth, Jada Stutts, Kayla Clatterbuck, Nasim Nosoudi

Background: Elastin is a fibrous protein key to the structure and support of skin as well as other organ tissues. Elastic fibers are located in the skin's dermal layer and make up approximately 2%-4% of the fat-free dry weight of the dermis in the skin of adults. Aging causes the progressive degradation of elastin fibers. Loss of these fibers can cause skin sagging and wrinkling, loss of healthy blood vessels and lung capacity, aneurysms, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Objective: We hypothesized that ellagic acid, a polyphenol, will increase elastin in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) due to polyphenols' elastin binding properties.

Method: We treated HDF's with 2 μg/ml ellagic acid for 28 days to see the elastin deposition in HDF cell cultures. To test this, we treated HDFs with polyphenols ellagic acid for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. For comparison purposes, we included a group of ellagic acid and retinoic acid since retinoic acid is already in the market for elastin regeneration purposes.

Results: When ellagic acid and retinoic acid were introduced together, insoluble elastin and collagen deposition were significantly higher in HDFs compared to other groups.

Conclusion: Polyphenols and retinoic acid can improve skin extracellular matrix production of elastin and collagen and may improve skin fine wrinkles.

背景:弹性蛋白是一种纤维蛋白,对皮肤和其他器官组织的结构和支持至关重要。弹性纤维位于皮肤的真皮层,约占成人皮肤真皮层无脂肪干重的2%-4%。老化导致弹性蛋白纤维的逐渐退化。这些纤维的丢失会导致皮肤松弛和起皱,健康血管和肺活量的丧失,动脉瘤和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)。目的:我们假设鞣花酸,一种多酚,会增加人真皮成纤维细胞(HDF)的弹性蛋白,由于多酚的弹性蛋白结合特性。方法:用2 μg/ml鞣花酸处理HDF细胞28 d,观察弹性蛋白在HDF细胞中的沉积情况。为了验证这一点,我们用鞣花酸多酚处理HDFs 3、7、14和21天。为了比较,我们纳入了一组鞣花酸和视黄酸,因为视黄酸已经在市场上用于弹性蛋白再生。结果:当鞣花酸和维甲酸同时加入时,HDFs中不溶性弹性蛋白和胶原沉积明显高于其他组。结论:多酚类和维甲酸能促进皮肤细胞外基质弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白的生成,改善皮肤细纹。
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引用次数: 1
Topological optimization of anterior cervical plate (ACP) and its biomechanic characteristics. 颈椎前路钢板的拓扑优化及其生物力学特性。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BME-230019
Peng Ye, Rongchang Fu, Zhaoyao Wang

Background: Currently, quadrilateral anterior cervical plate (QACP) is a highly prevalent ACP.

Objective: This study aims to design a novel ACP using topology optimization (TOACP).

Methods: A completed model for C1-C7 cervical segments was established and validated. QACP and TOACP cage systems were implanted within two cervical vertebrae models, respectively, and peak stresses and stress distributions for screw, plate, endplate and cage displacement were investigated under differing exercise modes.

Results: Stress levels upon QACP screw were maximized for over-extension exercise (243.3 MPa, 3.35% > TOACP screw). Stress level upon TOACP plate was maximized for over-extension exercise (118.2 MPa, 7.26% > QACP screw). Following QACP cage system implantation, stress on endplate and cage displacement were maximized for extension exercise, which were 27.1%, and 6.3% > TOACP cage system, respectively. Finite element analysis results revealed that topological optimization of the plate can effectively reduce screw stress, thereby enhancing cervical segments' stability during surgery. Furthermore, stress on endplate and cage displacement decreased, indicating great potential in cage sinking and fusion enhancement.

Conclusions: Topological optimization of the plate equips the cage system with advantages in clinical applications and biomechanical performance, providing alternative solutions and a theoretical basis for ACP design.

背景:目前,qurilateral anterior cervical plate (QACP)是一种非常普遍的ACP。目的:设计一种基于拓扑优化的新型ACP。方法:建立完整的C1-C7颈椎节段模型并进行验证。QACP和TOACP笼系统分别植入两个颈椎模型,研究不同运动模式下螺钉、钢板、终板和笼位移的峰值应力和应力分布。结果:过伸运动时QACP螺钉的应力水平最大(243.3 MPa, 3.35% > TOACP螺钉)。过伸运动时TOACP钢板上的应力水平最大(118.2 MPa, 7.26% > QACP螺钉)。植入QACP笼系统后,终板应力和笼位移最大,分别为27.1%和6.3% > TOACP笼系统。有限元分析结果表明,对钢板进行拓扑优化可以有效降低螺钉应力,从而提高手术过程中颈椎节段的稳定性。此外,终板应力和笼体位移减小,表明笼体下沉和融合增强的潜力很大。结论:对钢板进行拓扑优化,使保持器系统在临床应用和生物力学性能方面具有优势,为ACP设计提供了替代方案和理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
In situ-formed hyaluronan gel/BMP-2/hydroxyapatite composite promotes bone union in refractory fracture model mice. 原位形成的透明质酸凝胶/BMP-2/羟基磷灰石复合物促进难治性骨折模型小鼠骨愈合。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BME-230021
Hiroki Saito, Shintaro Shoji, Akiyoshi Kuroda, Gen Inoue, Ryo Tazawa, Hiroyuki Sekiguchi, Kensuke Fukushima, Masayuki Miyagi, Masashi Takaso, Kentaro Uchida

Background: A combination of synthetic porous materials and BMP-2 has been used to promote fracture healing. For bone healing to be successful, it is important to use growth factor delivery systems that enable continuous release of BMP-2 at the fracture site. We previously reported that in situ-formed gels (IFGs) consisting of hyaluronan (HyA)-tyramine (TA), horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide enhance the bone formation ability of hydroxyapatite (Hap)/BMP-2 composites in a posterior lumbar fusion model.

Objective: We examined the effectiveness of IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2 composites for facilitating osteogenesis in refractory fracture model mice.

Methods: After establishing the refractory fracture model, animals were either treated at the site of fracture with Hap harboring BMP-2 (Hap/BMP-2) or IFGs-HyA with Hap harboring BMP-2 (IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2) (n = 10 each). Animals that underwent the fracture surgery but did not receive any treatment were considered the control group (n = 10). We determined the extent of bone formation at the fracture site according to findings on micro-computed tomography and histological studies four weeks following treatment.

Results: Animals treated with IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2 demonstrated significantly greater bone volume, bone mineral content and bone union than those treated with vehicle or IFG-HyA/Hap alone.

Conclusions: IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2 could be an effective treatment option for refractory fractures.

背景:合成多孔材料与BMP-2的结合已被用于促进骨折愈合。为了使骨愈合成功,重要的是使用生长因子输送系统,使BMP-2在骨折部位持续释放。我们之前报道过由透明质酸(HyA)-酪胺(TA)、辣根过氧化物酶和过氧化氢组成的原位形成凝胶(IFGs)增强了后路腰椎融合模型中羟基磷灰石(Hap)/BMP-2复合材料的成骨能力。目的:观察IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2复合材料对难治性骨折模型小鼠成骨的促进作用。方法:建立难治性骨折模型后,分别在骨折部位植入Hap - BMP-2 (Hap/BMP-2)或IFGs-HyA植入Hap - BMP-2 (IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2) (n = 10)。接受骨折手术但未接受任何治疗的动物被视为对照组(n = 10)。我们根据治疗后四周的显微计算机断层扫描和组织学研究结果确定骨折部位骨形成的程度。结果:IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2处理动物的骨体积、骨矿物质含量和骨愈合均显著高于载体或IFG-HyA/Hap单独处理动物。结论:IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2可能是治疗难治性骨折的有效选择。
{"title":"In situ-formed hyaluronan gel/BMP-2/hydroxyapatite composite promotes bone union in refractory fracture model mice.","authors":"Hiroki Saito, Shintaro Shoji, Akiyoshi Kuroda, Gen Inoue, Ryo Tazawa, Hiroyuki Sekiguchi, Kensuke Fukushima, Masayuki Miyagi, Masashi Takaso, Kentaro Uchida","doi":"10.3233/BME-230021","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BME-230021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A combination of synthetic porous materials and BMP-2 has been used to promote fracture healing. For bone healing to be successful, it is important to use growth factor delivery systems that enable continuous release of BMP-2 at the fracture site. We previously reported that in situ-formed gels (IFGs) consisting of hyaluronan (HyA)-tyramine (TA), horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide enhance the bone formation ability of hydroxyapatite (Hap)/BMP-2 composites in a posterior lumbar fusion model.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined the effectiveness of IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2 composites for facilitating osteogenesis in refractory fracture model mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After establishing the refractory fracture model, animals were either treated at the site of fracture with Hap harboring BMP-2 (Hap/BMP-2) or IFGs-HyA with Hap harboring BMP-2 (IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2) (n = 10 each). Animals that underwent the fracture surgery but did not receive any treatment were considered the control group (n = 10). We determined the extent of bone formation at the fracture site according to findings on micro-computed tomography and histological studies four weeks following treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Animals treated with IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2 demonstrated significantly greater bone volume, bone mineral content and bone union than those treated with vehicle or IFG-HyA/Hap alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IFGs-HyA/Hap/BMP-2 could be an effective treatment option for refractory fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10013648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preparation of drug-loaded microspheres with a core-shell structure using silk fibroin and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and their application. 丝素和聚乳酸-羟基乙酸制备核-壳结构载药微球及其应用。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BME-230012
Yi Zhang, Lu Wang, Bin Zhao

Background: Advances in bone tissue engineering offer novel options for the regeneration of bone tissue. In the current clinical treatment, the method of accelerating bone tissue regeneration rate by promoting early angiogenesis has been widely accepted.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a long-acting slow-release system using the pro-angiogenic drug tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) and pro-osteogenic drug icariin (ICA), which can be administered locally to achieve the sequential release of TMPZ and ICA for better clinically efficiency in the treatment of bone defects.

Methods: This study aimed to prepare microspheres with a core-shell structure using two polymers, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and silk fibroin, by coaxial electrostatic spraying. Based on the therapeutic model for bone defects, the pro-angiogenic drug TMPZ and pro-osteogenic drug ICA were encapsulated in the shell and core layers of the microspheres, respectively. Subsequently, TMPZ and ICA were released sequentially to promote early angiogenesis and late osteogenesis, respectively, at the site of the bone defect. The optimal preparation parameters for preparing the drug-loaded microspheres were identified using the univariate controlled variable method. Additionally, microsphere morphology and core-shell structure, such as physical properties, drug-loading properties, in vitro degradation and drug release patterns, were characterised using scanning electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Results: The microspheres prepared in this study were well-defined and had a core-shell structure. The hydrophilicity of the drug-loaded microspheres changed compared to the no-load microspheres. Furthermore, in vitro results indicated that the drug-loaded microspheres with high encapsulation and loading efficiencies exhibited good biodegradability and cytocompatibility, slowly releasing the drug for up to three months.

Conclusion: The development of the drug delivery system with a dual-step release mechanism has potential clinical applications and implications in the treatment of bone defects.

背景:骨组织工程的进展为骨组织的再生提供了新的选择。在目前的临床治疗中,通过促进早期血管生成来加快骨组织再生速度的方法已被广泛接受。目的:本研究旨在开发一种由促血管生成药物tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ)和促成骨药物icariin (ICA)组成的长效缓释系统,通过局部给药实现TMPZ和ICA的顺序释放,以提高临床治疗骨缺损的疗效。方法:以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸和丝素蛋白为原料,采用同轴静电喷涂法制备核-壳结构微球。基于骨缺损治疗模型,将促血管生成药物TMPZ和促骨生成药物ICA分别包埋在微球的壳层和核心层中。随后,依次释放TMPZ和ICA,分别在骨缺损部位促进早期血管生成和晚期成骨。采用单变量控制变量法确定了载药微球的最佳制备参数。此外,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对微球形态和核壳结构进行了表征,如物理性质、载药性质、体外降解和药物释放模式等。结果:制备的微球结构清晰,具有核-壳结构。与空载微球相比,载药微球的亲水性发生了变化。体外实验结果表明,该微球包封效率高,具有良好的生物降解性和细胞相容性,缓释时间长达3个月。结论:开发具有双步释放机制的给药系统在骨缺损治疗中具有潜在的临床应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
M1 to M2 induction in macrophages using a retinoic acid-releasing mesenchymal stem cell scaffold. 使用维甲酸释放间充质干细胞支架诱导巨噬细胞M1到M2。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BME-221410
Kaivon D Assani, Nasim Nosoudi, Jaime E Ramirez-Vick, Surinder P Singh

Background: Modulation of macrophage polarization is required for effective tissue repair and regenerative therapies. Therapeutic modulation of macrophages from an inflammatory M1 to a fibrotic M2 phenotype could help in diseases, such as chronic wounds, which are stalled in a prolonged and heightened inflammatory stage within the wound healing process.

Objective: This study evaluates the efficiency of a pullulan/gelatin nanofiber scaffold loaded with retinoic acid (RA) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) to modulate M1 to M2 anti-inflammatory transition.

Methods: Scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning, and crosslinked using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). Exposure of RA and/or ASCs to cultured macrophages have been shown to promote M1 to M2 transition. Pullulan was chosen as a scaffold material due to its ability to quench reactive oxygen species, key signaling molecules that play an important role in the progression of inflammation, as well as for its excellent mechanical properties. Gelatin was chosen as an additional scaffold component due to the presence of cell-binding motifs and its biocompatibility. Scaffold compositions examined were 75:25 and 50:50, pullulan:gelatin. The scaffolds were crosslinked in 1:70 and 1:50 EGDE:EtOH. The scaffold composition was determined via FTIR. For the present study, the 75:25 pullulan:gelatin crosslinked with 1:70 EGDE:EtOH, forming nanofibers 328 ± 47.9 nm (mean ± SD) in diameter, was chosen as the scaffold composition due to its lower degradation and release rate, which allows a sustained delivery of RA.

Results: The scaffold composition degraded to approximately 80% after 14 days, with approximately 38% of the drug released after 7 days. THP-1 monocytic cells were induced into a M1 macrophage phenotype through stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). These M1 macrophages were the exposed to scaffolds loaded with RA and ASCs, to induce differentiation to an M2 phenotype.

Conclusion: Gene expression quantitation by qPCR showed a reduction of M1 biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL1β), and an increase of M2 biomarker CCL22 after 2 days of exposure, suggesting successful M1 to M2 transition.

背景:巨噬细胞极化的调节是有效的组织修复和再生治疗所必需的。治疗性调节巨噬细胞从炎性M1表型到纤维化M2表型可能有助于治疗疾病,如慢性伤口,这些疾病在伤口愈合过程中停滞在延长和加剧的炎症阶段。目的:本研究评估负载维甲酸(RA)和脂肪源性间充质干细胞(ASCs)的普鲁兰/明胶纳米纤维支架调节M1到M2抗炎转化的效率。方法:采用静电纺丝法制备支架,并用乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)交联。将RA和/或ASCs暴露于培养的巨噬细胞中可以促进M1向M2的转变。普鲁兰之所以被选为支架材料,是因为它具有猝灭活性氧的能力,活性氧是在炎症进展中起重要作用的关键信号分子,而且它具有优异的机械性能。由于存在细胞结合基序及其生物相容性,明胶被选为额外的支架成分。支架组成为75:25和50:50,普鲁兰:明胶。以1:70和1:50 EGDE:EtOH交联支架。通过FTIR测定支架的组成。在本研究中,我们选择75:25的蒲鲁兰:明胶与1:70的EGDE:EtOH交联,形成直径328±47.9 nm(平均±SD)的纳米纤维作为支架组合物,因为它的降解和释放速度较低,可以持续递送RA。结果:支架成分在14天后降解至约80%,7天后约有38%的药物释放。通过脂多糖(LPS)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)刺激,THP-1单核细胞被诱导成M1巨噬细胞表型。将这些M1巨噬细胞暴露于装载RA和ASCs的支架中,诱导其分化为M2表型。结论:qPCR基因表达定量显示,暴露2天后,M1生物标志物、肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFα)和白细胞介素1β (il - 1β)降低,M2生物标志物CCL22升高,M1向M2成功转化。
{"title":"M1 to M2 induction in macrophages using a retinoic acid-releasing mesenchymal stem cell scaffold.","authors":"Kaivon D Assani,&nbsp;Nasim Nosoudi,&nbsp;Jaime E Ramirez-Vick,&nbsp;Surinder P Singh","doi":"10.3233/BME-221410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BME-221410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modulation of macrophage polarization is required for effective tissue repair and regenerative therapies. Therapeutic modulation of macrophages from an inflammatory M1 to a fibrotic M2 phenotype could help in diseases, such as chronic wounds, which are stalled in a prolonged and heightened inflammatory stage within the wound healing process.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates the efficiency of a pullulan/gelatin nanofiber scaffold loaded with retinoic acid (RA) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) to modulate M1 to M2 anti-inflammatory transition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning, and crosslinked using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). Exposure of RA and/or ASCs to cultured macrophages have been shown to promote M1 to M2 transition. Pullulan was chosen as a scaffold material due to its ability to quench reactive oxygen species, key signaling molecules that play an important role in the progression of inflammation, as well as for its excellent mechanical properties. Gelatin was chosen as an additional scaffold component due to the presence of cell-binding motifs and its biocompatibility. Scaffold compositions examined were 75:25 and 50:50, pullulan:gelatin. The scaffolds were crosslinked in 1:70 and 1:50 EGDE:EtOH. The scaffold composition was determined via FTIR. For the present study, the 75:25 pullulan:gelatin crosslinked with 1:70 EGDE:EtOH, forming nanofibers 328 ± 47.9 nm (mean ± SD) in diameter, was chosen as the scaffold composition due to its lower degradation and release rate, which allows a sustained delivery of RA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The scaffold composition degraded to approximately 80% after 14 days, with approximately 38% of the drug released after 7 days. THP-1 monocytic cells were induced into a M1 macrophage phenotype through stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). These M1 macrophages were the exposed to scaffolds loaded with RA and ASCs, to induce differentiation to an M2 phenotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gene expression quantitation by qPCR showed a reduction of M1 biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL1β), and an increase of M2 biomarker CCL22 after 2 days of exposure, suggesting successful M1 to M2 transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9095708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Effect of inoculation density of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured on calcium phosphate cement scaffold on osteogenic differentiation. 磷酸钙水泥支架培养骨髓间充质干细胞接种密度对成骨分化的影响。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BME-221394
Guangjun Li, Wen Shen, Minghui Chu, Guowei Mo, Liqin Yao, Weidong Xu

Background: Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are biocompatible materials that have been evaluated as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. At present, the stem cell density of inoculation on CPC scaffold varies.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of seeding densities on cell growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on a calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) scaffold.

Methods: BMMSCs derived from minipigs were seeded onto a CPC scaffold at three densities [1 million/mL (1M), 5 million/mL (5M) and 25 million/mL 25M)], and cultured for osteogenic induction for 1, 4 and 8 days.

Results: Well adhered and extended BMMSCs on the CPC scaffold showed significantly different proliferation rates within each seeding density group at different time points (P < 0.05). The number of live cells per unit area in 1M, 5M and 25M increased by 3.5, 3.9 and 2.5 folds respectively. The expression of ALP peaked at 4 days post inoculation with the fold-change being 2.6 and 2.8 times higher in 5M and 25M respectively as compared to 1M. The expression levels of OC, Coll-1 and Runx-2 peaked at 8 days post inoculation.

Conclusions: An optimal seeding density may be more conducive for cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis on scaffolds. We suggest the optimal seeding density should be 5 million/mL.

背景:磷酸钙骨水泥(CPCs)是一种生物相容性材料,已被评价为骨组织工程中的支架材料。目前在CPC支架上接种的干细胞密度各不相同。目的:研究不同植骨密度对磷酸钙骨水泥(CPCs)支架上骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)生长和成骨分化的影响。方法:以3种密度[100万/mL (1M)、500万/mL (5M)和2500万/mL 25M)]将小型猪BMMSCs植入CPC支架,培养1、4和8天。结果:黏附良好、延伸良好的BMMSCs在CPC支架上不同时间点的增殖率在不同的播种密度组中存在显著差异(P)。结论:最佳的播种密度可能更有利于细胞在支架上的增殖、分化和细胞外基质的合成。建议最佳播种密度为500万株/mL。
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引用次数: 0
Visual evaluation for the elasticity of suprahyoid muscles using sonographic elastography during tongue pressure measurement: A pilot study. 舌骨上肌弹性的视觉评价在舌压测量中使用超声弹性成像:一项初步研究。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BME-221414
Sachiko Hayashi-Sakai, Taichi Kobayashi, Takafumi Hayashi, Junko Shimomura-Kuroki, Jun Sakai, Makoto Sakamoto

Background: Suprahyoid muscles behavior during the tongue lifting movement has not yet been elucidated.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of elastography imaging to examine developmental oral dysfunction in children and oral hypofunction in older adults using sonography.

Methods: Tongue pressure was measured using a manometer with a probe. The tongue pressure was measured with simultaneously scanning the geniohyoid muscle (GHM) and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle (DGM) using sonographic elastography. Sagittal images of the GHM and coronal images of the DGM were used for the strain ratio measurement. The strain ratio of the muscles was measured three times for each subject with the tongue pressure values of 0-30 kPa.

Results: The strain ratio of the GHM were higher than those of the DGM at tongue pressure of 10, 20 and 30 kPa. The strain ratio of the GHM increased as the tongue pressure increased in all participants. In contrast, the strain ratio of the DGM tended to slowly decrease as tongue pressure increased in female participants.

Conclusion: Sonographic elastography is useful for visual and quantitative evaluation of elastic properties in suprahyoid muscles during tongue lifting movements.

背景:舌骨上肌在舌举运动中的行为尚未被阐明。目的:本研究的目的是探讨弹性成像在超声检查儿童发育性口腔功能障碍和老年人口腔功能减退中的潜力。方法:用带探针的压力计测量舌压。采用超声弹性成像同时扫描颏舌骨肌(GHM)和二腹肌前腹(DGM),测量舌压。测量应变比时,采用的是GHM的矢状面图像和DGM的冠状面图像。在舌压值为0 ~ 30 kPa的条件下,对每个受试者进行3次肌肉应变比测量。结果:舌压为10、20、30 kPa时,GHM的应变比高于DGM。所有受试者的舌压均随舌压的增加而增加。女性受试者舌压升高时,DGM的应变比呈缓慢下降趋势。结论:超声弹性成像可用于舌骨上肌在舌举运动中的弹性特性的视觉和定量评价。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of medical biodegradable magnesium alloy in vivo degradation and bone response in a rat femur model with long-term fixation. 医用可生物降解镁合金对大鼠股骨长期固定模型体内降解及骨反应的影响。
IF 1 4区 医学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BME-222514
Ying Zhang, Haijian Wang, Takashi Kumazawa, Dongying Ju

Background: It is of great significance to understand the effect of the different corrosion behaviors of magnesium (Mg) alloys manufactured using different casting methods and implanted with different methods on the long-term implantation to expand the application of Mg-based biomedical implants.

Objective: The effects of four different casting and rolling speeds on the microstructure of an Mg-rare earth (Mg-Re) alloy were analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).

Method: Four Mg alloys were obtained using vertical two-roll casting (TRC) at 10 m/min, 16 m/min, 24 m/min, and 30 m/min, and their microstructure, corrosion behavior and bone reaction in vivo were studied.

Results: The corrosion resistance of the alloy increases with an increase in casting speed and finer grain size of the cast-rolled parts. The Mg-Re alloys with TRC-10 m/min and TRC-30 m/min were selected for animal experiments. The two Mg alloys were made into metal rods and inserted into the rat femur to simulate the effect of Mg-Re on femoral healing under an injury condition. The rods were implanted for a long time to judge the effects of the Mg-Re alloy on the body. The TRC-30 m/min implants obtained highly mature new bone tissue in the case of bone injury.

Conclusion: The in vivo experiments showed that the corrosion resistance of the TRC-30 m/min implant was better than that of the TRC-10 m/min implant. After 32 weeks of implantation, there were no pathological changes in the liver, heart, or kidney of rats in the TRC-30 m/min group, and the cell structure was normal.

背景:了解不同铸造方法和不同植入方式制备的镁合金的不同腐蚀行为对长期植入的影响,对扩大镁基生物医学植入物的应用具有重要意义。目的:利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析四种不同铸造和轧制速度对mg -稀土(Mg-Re)合金显微组织的影响。方法:采用垂直双辊铸造(TRC)工艺,以10 m/min、16 m/min、24 m/min和30 m/min的速度制备4种Mg合金,研究其显微组织、腐蚀行为和体内骨反应。结果:合金的耐蚀性随着铸造速度的提高和铸轧件晶粒的细化而提高。动物实验选用TRC-10 m/min和TRC-30 m/min的Mg-Re合金。将两种镁合金制成金属棒,植入大鼠股骨,模拟Mg- re对损伤条件下股骨愈合的影响。长时间植入棒体,以判断Mg-Re合金对机体的影响。在骨损伤情况下,TRC-30 m/min种植体获得高度成熟的新骨组织。结论:体内实验表明,TRC-30 m/min种植体的耐蚀性优于TRC-10 m/min种植体。植入32周后,TRC-30 m/min组大鼠肝脏、心脏、肾脏均未见病理改变,细胞结构正常。
{"title":"The effect of medical biodegradable magnesium alloy in vivo degradation and bone response in a rat femur model with long-term fixation.","authors":"Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Haijian Wang,&nbsp;Takashi Kumazawa,&nbsp;Dongying Ju","doi":"10.3233/BME-222514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BME-222514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is of great significance to understand the effect of the different corrosion behaviors of magnesium (Mg) alloys manufactured using different casting methods and implanted with different methods on the long-term implantation to expand the application of Mg-based biomedical implants.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The effects of four different casting and rolling speeds on the microstructure of an Mg-rare earth (Mg-Re) alloy were analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Four Mg alloys were obtained using vertical two-roll casting (TRC) at 10 m/min, 16 m/min, 24 m/min, and 30 m/min, and their microstructure, corrosion behavior and bone reaction in vivo were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The corrosion resistance of the alloy increases with an increase in casting speed and finer grain size of the cast-rolled parts. The Mg-Re alloys with TRC-10 m/min and TRC-30 m/min were selected for animal experiments. The two Mg alloys were made into metal rods and inserted into the rat femur to simulate the effect of Mg-Re on femoral healing under an injury condition. The rods were implanted for a long time to judge the effects of the Mg-Re alloy on the body. The TRC-30 m/min implants obtained highly mature new bone tissue in the case of bone injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The in vivo experiments showed that the corrosion resistance of the TRC-30 m/min implant was better than that of the TRC-10 m/min implant. After 32 weeks of implantation, there were no pathological changes in the liver, heart, or kidney of rats in the TRC-30 m/min group, and the cell structure was normal.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10287578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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