The natural benzoquinone, embelin, from the Embelia species has therapeutic benefits in a wide range of diseases. Although several extraction methods and solvents have been explored, consensus on the economic use of material and time was ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to devise a protocol for the rapid estimation of embelin. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were prepared using soxhlet, microwave, sonication and cold extraction methods. The bioactivity of the chloroform extracts was assayed using the DPPH radical scavenging and the Reducing Power Assays. The embelin content in chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were better in some extraction methods. The chloroform extracts exhibited antioxidant activity which remained unaffected regardless of the extraction technique. The microwave extraction technique yielded quick and accurate results. This technique could be adopted for rapid screening of samples with limited availability of biomass.
{"title":"An Accurate Embelin Extraction Method for Limited Biomass of Embelia Species","authors":"I. George","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"The natural benzoquinone, embelin, from the Embelia species has therapeutic benefits in a wide range of diseases. Although several extraction methods and solvents have been explored, consensus on the economic use of material and time was ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to devise a protocol for the rapid estimation of embelin. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were prepared using soxhlet, microwave, sonication and cold extraction methods. The bioactivity of the chloroform extracts was assayed using the DPPH radical scavenging and the Reducing Power Assays. The embelin content in chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were better in some extraction methods. The chloroform extracts exhibited antioxidant activity which remained unaffected regardless of the extraction technique. The microwave extraction technique yielded quick and accurate results. This technique could be adopted for rapid screening of samples with limited availability of biomass.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42259798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Pandemic from the Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted the worldwide Education Sector tremendously. Due to it educational institutes across the state of West Bengal have been closed since March-2020. The Pandemic forced the educational community in West Bengalto shift their teaching-learning activities to online platforms.Teachers and students quickly adapted to synchronous i.e. interactive online classes along with asynchronous i.e. video-and other materials-based modes of teaching learning. Various online education platforms and facilitating tools are used heavily during this crisis period. This survey paper aims to get a detail report on the perception and preferences for different online teaching-learning parameters used by UG level learnersof different general degree colleges along with colleges of professional courses like BBA/BCA and engineering colleges fromthe districts of Bankura and Purulia of West Bengal.The students preference for different attributes of online learningmay be useful for designinga suitable online class environment.A survey work was done in online mode using google form. The form was circulated among several WhatsApp group of students of different colleges through their teachers.The result showed that almost 96% of thestudents prefer to use Google Meet or Google classroom with their smart phone for online classes. It was also observed that frequent loss of Internet connection in rural areas is moreprominent thanin the Urban and Semi Urban areas of South Bengal.Students preference has utmost importance to attract them for attending online classes. This article will be helpful to attract students in online classes in this crisis period.
{"title":"Perception and Preference of Under Graduate Students on Different Parameters of Online Education during COVID -19 in South Bengal, India","authors":"Tapas Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The Pandemic from the Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted the worldwide Education Sector tremendously. Due to it educational institutes across the state of West Bengal have been closed since March-2020. The Pandemic forced the educational community in West Bengalto shift their teaching-learning activities to online platforms.Teachers and students quickly adapted to synchronous i.e. interactive online classes along with asynchronous i.e. video-and other materials-based modes of teaching learning. Various online education platforms and facilitating tools are used heavily during this crisis period. This survey paper aims to get a detail report on the perception and preferences for different online teaching-learning parameters used by UG level learnersof different general degree colleges along with colleges of professional courses like BBA/BCA and engineering colleges fromthe districts of Bankura and Purulia of West Bengal.The students preference for different attributes of online learningmay be useful for designinga suitable online class environment.A survey work was done in online mode using google form. The form was circulated among several WhatsApp group of students of different colleges through their teachers.The result showed that almost 96% of thestudents prefer to use Google Meet or Google classroom with their smart phone for online classes. It was also observed that frequent loss of Internet connection in rural areas is moreprominent thanin the Urban and Semi Urban areas of South Bengal.Students preference has utmost importance to attract them for attending online classes. This article will be helpful to attract students in online classes in this crisis period.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49479105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study has analyzed the diversity and population structure of woody species in Gola natural vegetation. So far, the expected form of vegetation diversity relationships with different land use in study sites has not been known. A total of 73 quadrats were established systematically within three land-use types. Vegetation parameters and species type were recorded. There were 52 woody species found in total. The Fabaceae family had the most species, accounting for 15.3% of the total plant species. The PA site had Shannon’s diversity index value that was significantly higher than the other two land-use types (P= 0.042). The dynamics of woody plants diversity about land use is of major need for sustainable management of forests, and the present study provides valuable information for forest management, and it may help to develop testable hypotheses on other tropical forests.
{"title":"On the Woody Species Diversity and Population Structure of the Gola Natural Vegetation, Eastern Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Hussein","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The present study has analyzed the diversity and population structure of woody species in Gola natural vegetation. So far, the expected form of vegetation diversity relationships with different land use in study sites has not been known. A total of 73 quadrats were established systematically within three land-use types. Vegetation parameters and species type were recorded. There were 52 woody species found in total. The Fabaceae family had the most species, accounting for 15.3% of the total plant species. The PA site had Shannon’s diversity index value that was significantly higher than the other two land-use types (P= 0.042). The dynamics of woody plants diversity about land use is of major need for sustainable management of forests, and the present study provides valuable information for forest management, and it may help to develop testable hypotheses on other tropical forests.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46751225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The present study was designed to understand the association of genetic variations in the JAZF1 gene with T2DM in the Indian population. The polymorphic study was conducted by PCR-RFLP methods. Further, the biochemical parameters were collected for statistical analysis on the semi-structured questionnaire, and correlation with the polymorphism was done by using SPSS software. The significant differences were observed between T2DM cases and controls in triglycerides, HbA1c, T-cholesterol, LDL-C, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, PPG, FPG, while no significant differences were observed in HDL-C, WHR. Our results suggested that the JAZF1 rs864745 variant is significantly associated with T2D among the Indian population. The present study concludes that the association of genetic variations and biochemical factors play a vital role in T2DM risk and its prevalence.
{"title":"On the Efficacy of the Gene, Juxtaposed with Another Zinc Finger Protein 1 (JAZF1) in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Indians","authors":"K. Dev","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The present study was designed to understand the association of genetic variations in the JAZF1 gene with T2DM in the Indian population. The polymorphic study was conducted by PCR-RFLP methods. Further, the biochemical parameters were collected for statistical analysis on the semi-structured questionnaire, and correlation with the polymorphism was done by using SPSS software. The significant differences were observed between T2DM cases and controls in triglycerides, HbA1c, T-cholesterol, LDL-C, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, PPG, FPG, while no significant differences were observed in HDL-C, WHR. Our results suggested that the JAZF1 rs864745 variant is significantly associated with T2D among the Indian population. The present study concludes that the association of genetic variations and biochemical factors play a vital role in T2DM risk and its prevalence.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41516091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The microbiome and the host have complex hormonal, metabolic, neurological, and immunological associations. In regulating many physiological processes this molecule cross-speech is critical. Changes in gut microbiome composition or function can have profound negative or positive consequences for the host. Cohort studies comparing well-healthy, diseased patients’ gut microbiome profiles found a relationship between many conditions and one individual’s intestinal microbiome. Dysbiosis is often referred to as a change in the microbiome linked to a disease. In most cases, determining whether dysbiosis is a reason or disease action is difficult, and further research (e.g., intervention and longitudinal strategies) is needed to establish cause-effect. Another significant discovery is that no two people, even identical twins, have the same microbiome. In reality, the gut microbiome profiles of healthy people of similar age and demographic are significantly different. Our attempts to define what a “healthy” microbiome has so far failed. A “Healthy” stomach is assumed to have high levels of taxonomic variety (richness), as well as the lack of harmful species. Alterations in gut microbiota are associated to Parkinson’s disease, while the functional importance of these changes is uncertain. A lot of attention has recently been paid to faecal metabolomics, which provides a functional readout of microbial activity.
{"title":"The Gut Microbiome and Their Alteration in Parkinsons Disease Patients: A Review","authors":"Aminah Al-Lohibi","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The microbiome and the host have complex hormonal, metabolic, neurological, and immunological associations. In regulating many physiological processes this molecule cross-speech is critical. Changes in gut microbiome composition or function can have profound negative or positive consequences for the host. Cohort studies comparing well-healthy, diseased patients’ gut microbiome profiles found a relationship between many conditions and one individual’s intestinal microbiome. Dysbiosis is often referred to as a change in the microbiome linked to a disease. In most cases, determining whether dysbiosis is a reason or disease action is difficult, and further research (e.g., intervention and longitudinal strategies) is needed to establish cause-effect. Another significant discovery is that no two people, even identical twins, have the same microbiome. In reality, the gut microbiome profiles of healthy people of similar age and demographic are significantly different. Our attempts to define what a “healthy” microbiome has so far failed. A “Healthy” stomach is assumed to have high levels of taxonomic variety (richness), as well as the lack of harmful species. Alterations in gut microbiota are associated to Parkinson’s disease, while the functional importance of these changes is uncertain. A lot of attention has recently been paid to faecal metabolomics, which provides a functional readout of microbial activity.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47199570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of experiments were carried out to ascertain the nutritional value of commonly available aquatic weed i.e., Lemna (AWL), aquatic hyacinth (AWW) and Azolla (AWA) as alternative feed sources for decreasing the expenditure of feed. Using those aquatic weeds as principal ingredient three (3) isonitrogenous (crude protein-30%) and isocaloric feeds were made. Three batches of juvenile fish of thirty (30) numbers per batch (Average weight-5.1 gm; L- 5.6 cm) were provided with 3different types of prepared feeds with AWL, AWW and AWA. Weight gain, PER (Protein Efficiency Ratio) and GSI (Gonado Somatic Index) are significantly high in the AWL, AWW and AWA fed fish than the NOR. The AWL has suitable amino acid and fat that enhances yield and quality of flesh. The better ω-3/ ω-6ratio is obtained from food supplied experiment trial comparison to control treatment.
{"title":"Aquatic Weeds as an Encouraging Resource of Alternative Feed for the Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus","authors":"Mukti Pada Bag","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"A series of experiments were carried out to ascertain the nutritional value of commonly available aquatic weed i.e., Lemna (AWL), aquatic hyacinth (AWW) and Azolla (AWA) as alternative feed sources for decreasing the expenditure of feed. Using those aquatic weeds as principal ingredient three (3) isonitrogenous (crude protein-30%) and isocaloric feeds were made. Three batches of juvenile fish of thirty (30) numbers per batch (Average weight-5.1 gm; L- 5.6 cm) were provided with 3different types of prepared feeds with AWL, AWW and AWA. Weight gain, PER (Protein Efficiency Ratio) and GSI (Gonado Somatic Index) are significantly high in the AWL, AWW and AWA fed fish than the NOR. The AWL has suitable amino acid and fat that enhances yield and quality of flesh. The better ω-3/ ω-6ratio is obtained from food supplied experiment trial comparison to control treatment.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43480527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes by natural and non-toxic secondary products had less adverse effects than synthetic drugs. This study was aimed to inhibition of α-amylase activity to a significant level by some bacterial and plant extracts which decrease the digestion of carbohydrates, obesity, and diabetes side effects. Bacteria were isolated from soil and fermented milk and the most active isolate in inhibition of α-amylase was selected and identified. Also, more than ten plants were collected, extracted and screened for inhibition of α-amylase. Out of 30 bacterial isolates were tested as inhibitor for α-amylase in vitro, ten isolates showed inhibition of the α-amylase. Furthermore, different aqueous and organic plant extracts were investigated as inhibitors of α-amylase. The active plants in α-amylase inhibition were rosemary, garlic, lepidium, white been, cumin, coffee peel, linseed, green tea, cinnamon, and chili pepper. The isolate Lactobacillus and Streptococcus extracts showed the highest enzyme inhibition compared to the other bacterial isolate while Bacillus sp. had the lowest inhibitory enzyme activity. Also, coffee peel aqueous extracts cause the highest inhibition of α-amylase enzyme and the lowest activity compared to the other plant extracts (70.23%). In addition, it was found that the methanolic extracts rosemary, cumin and green tea completely inhibited the enzyme (100%) while linseed and cinnamon had lower inhibitory activity of α-amylase compared to the other plant extracts (2.38% and 3.57%, respectively). In conclusion, the increase uptake of sugars cause obesity and some plant and bacterial extracts can be used to inhibit α-amylase which treat obesity, and diabetes with minimal side effects.
{"title":"Inhibition of α Amylase Activity by some Bacterial and Medicinal Plant Extracts In vitro","authors":"Nehal A Alqahttani","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes by natural and non-toxic secondary products had less adverse effects than synthetic drugs. This study was aimed to inhibition of α-amylase activity to a significant level by some bacterial and plant extracts which decrease the digestion of carbohydrates, obesity, and diabetes side effects. Bacteria were isolated from soil and fermented milk and the most active isolate in inhibition of α-amylase was selected and identified. Also, more than ten plants were collected, extracted and screened for inhibition of α-amylase. Out of 30 bacterial isolates were tested as inhibitor for α-amylase in vitro, ten isolates showed inhibition of the α-amylase. Furthermore, different aqueous and organic plant extracts were investigated as inhibitors of α-amylase. The active plants in α-amylase inhibition were rosemary, garlic, lepidium, white been, cumin, coffee peel, linseed, green tea, cinnamon, and chili pepper. The isolate Lactobacillus and Streptococcus extracts showed the highest enzyme inhibition compared to the other bacterial isolate while Bacillus sp. had the lowest inhibitory enzyme activity. Also, coffee peel aqueous extracts cause the highest inhibition of α-amylase enzyme and the lowest activity compared to the other plant extracts (70.23%). In addition, it was found that the methanolic extracts rosemary, cumin and green tea completely inhibited the enzyme (100%) while linseed and cinnamon had lower inhibitory activity of α-amylase compared to the other plant extracts (2.38% and 3.57%, respectively). In conclusion, the increase uptake of sugars cause obesity and some plant and bacterial extracts can be used to inhibit α-amylase which treat obesity, and diabetes with minimal side effects.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45271286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increase in the number of cases of Postpartum Depression (PPD) in Kerala increases day by day. This makes a study on the awareness of PPD significant in this scenario. There are not many studies conducted on this area particularly a survey collecting details from young mothers. This study tries to quantify the awareness women in Kerala have about PPD and it also covers how they tackled the issue – various methods used by them to cope up with the issue. The study is conducted using an online-survey method. A prepared questionnaire is circulated online among 150 young mothers who were born and brought up in Kerala. The questionnaire consists of 8 questions about PPD and baby blues. Each question is provided with options from which the participants can choose one. The results of the survey are analysed to arrive in a conclusion. There was active participation from the side of the participants. The interpretation of the statistical data shows that even though most of the participants faced symptoms of Postpartum Depression, and 35.9% of the participants faced difficulty in bonding with the baby, only negligible percentage of them went to seek medical help. The results show that the percentage of participants who are well aware of PPD is very low. The study helped to interpret the situation in Kerala as far as PPD is considered. The study brought to light that Postpartum Depression in Kerala is an unaddressed issue and much attention and activities are needed to make changes in the current scenario. Most of the women who suffer PPD are reluctant to seek medical help. This situation has to be changed through proper campaigns and other related activities. As this study deals with a prevalent problem in the society it is significant in every aspect. This study prompts researchers to delve deeply in to the problems faced by women related to child birth and pregnancy and find out new ways to reduce the stigma associated with problems like Postpartum Depression.
{"title":"A Survey on the Postpartum Depression Among Young Mothers in Kerala, India","authors":"P. Prasad","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the number of cases of Postpartum Depression (PPD) in Kerala increases day by day. This makes a study on the awareness of PPD significant in this scenario. There are not many studies conducted on this area particularly a survey collecting details from young mothers. This study tries to quantify the awareness women in Kerala have about PPD and it also covers how they tackled the issue – various methods used by them to cope up with the issue. The study is conducted using an online-survey method. A prepared questionnaire is circulated online among 150 young mothers who were born and brought up in Kerala. The questionnaire consists of 8 questions about PPD and baby blues. Each question is provided with options from which the participants can choose one. The results of the survey are analysed to arrive in a conclusion. There was active participation from the side of the participants. The interpretation of the statistical data shows that even though most of the participants faced symptoms of Postpartum Depression, and 35.9% of the participants faced difficulty in bonding with the baby, only negligible percentage of them went to seek medical help. The results show that the percentage of participants who are well aware of PPD is very low. The study helped to interpret the situation in Kerala as far as PPD is considered. The study brought to light that Postpartum Depression in Kerala is an unaddressed issue and much attention and activities are needed to make changes in the current scenario. Most of the women who suffer PPD are reluctant to seek medical help. This situation has to be changed through proper campaigns and other related activities. As this study deals with a prevalent problem in the society it is significant in every aspect. This study prompts researchers to delve deeply in to the problems faced by women related to child birth and pregnancy and find out new ways to reduce the stigma associated with problems like Postpartum Depression.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48531175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EGFR (Epidermal Growth factor receptors) expressed in different type of cancers, such as breast, esophageal, lung cancer etc. Because of their multifaceted role in cancer progression, EGFR and its related receptors have been considered as attractive targets for developing anticancer agents, i.e. EGFR inhibitors consisting molecules targeting EGFR ATP binding pocket and monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR ligand binding domain. For patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer, acquired resistance to drugs obstructs long-term therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapy. Even though third-generation medicines targeting EGFR T790M mutation have shown promise in overcoming acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, fourth-generation drugs targeting acquired resistance to 3rd generation inhibitors are still needed. Hence, in present study, EGFR (PDB: 1M17) was selected as a target to perform molecular docking studies for existing ligands from literature. Interaction fingerprint analysis was applied for docked complexes. Docking studies revealed that compound 3 exhibited good binding affinity towards the selected target with XPG score-9.439Kcal/Mol among existing ligands which is comparable with that of standard drug erlotinib -9.192 Kcal/Mol. Interaction fingerprint analysis further confirmed that best docked compounds showed H-bond interaction with backbone residue of Met 769 and Cys 773 in an identical manner with that of standard drug erlotinib. Present study concludes that among selected existing compounds, the ligands containing quinazoline nucleus exhibited good binding affinity and similar binding interactions when compared with that of standard drug erlotinib and these ligands can be further optimized to increase binding affinity and interactions with the selected target.
{"title":"Design of Heterocyclic Compounds as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors Using Molecular Docking and Interaction Fingerprint Studies","authors":"G. Rajitha","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"EGFR (Epidermal Growth factor receptors) expressed in different type of cancers, such as breast, esophageal, lung cancer etc. Because of their multifaceted role in cancer progression, EGFR and its related receptors have been considered as attractive targets for developing anticancer agents, i.e. EGFR inhibitors consisting molecules targeting EGFR ATP binding pocket and monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR ligand binding domain. For patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer, acquired resistance to drugs obstructs long-term therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapy. Even though third-generation medicines targeting EGFR T790M mutation have shown promise in overcoming acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, fourth-generation drugs targeting acquired resistance to 3rd generation inhibitors are still needed. Hence, in present study, EGFR (PDB: 1M17) was selected as a target to perform molecular docking studies for existing ligands from literature. Interaction fingerprint analysis was applied for docked complexes. Docking studies revealed that compound 3 exhibited good binding affinity towards the selected target with XPG score-9.439Kcal/Mol among existing ligands which is comparable with that of standard drug erlotinib -9.192 Kcal/Mol. Interaction fingerprint analysis further confirmed that best docked compounds showed H-bond interaction with backbone residue of Met 769 and Cys 773 in an identical manner with that of standard drug erlotinib. Present study concludes that among selected existing compounds, the ligands containing quinazoline nucleus exhibited good binding affinity and similar binding interactions when compared with that of standard drug erlotinib and these ligands can be further optimized to increase binding affinity and interactions with the selected target.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44063990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lal Suhanra National Park is one of the important protected areas of Pakistan. From many years endangered species of deer are being raised in captivity at Lal Suhanra National Park. In this study, we have observed the blackbuck, chinkara and spotted deer which are highly endangered. The the findings of study showed that blackbuck, chinkara and spotted deer eat daily any of the seasonal grasses like e.g., Maize (Zea mays), Jantar (Sesbania bisbinosa), Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) Bajra (Pennsietum glaucum) 4 to 6 kg, 3-5 kg and 4-5 kg respectively. Softened parts of the plants were also being eaten, which included Jandi (Prosopis spicigera), Kikar (Acacia sp.), Sheesham (Dalbergia sissoo), Lamb (Aristida depressa), Gorkha (Lasiurus hirsutus), Khawai (Cymbopogon jawarancusa), Murat (Panicum antidotale), Dhaman (Cenchrus pennisetiformis), Lana (Haloxylon recurvum), Ber (Zyziphus sp.), Katran (Cymbopogon martinii), Khiri (Euphorbia prostrata), Khip (Leptadenia pyrotechnica), Chag (Crotalaria burhia), Dele (Capparis decidua), Phel (Neslia sp.), Ghandeel (Eleusine flagillifera), Ak (Callotropis sp.) and Jal (Salvadora oleoides). While the all showed the similar amount of parched channa consumption. Softened plant parts of various species were also being given in their feeding. It is concluded that these species can live on the variety of fodders where the deer eat little amount of grass in a single day for survival as compared to other fodder types.
{"title":"Feeding Behavior of Blackbuck, Chinkara and Spotted Deer in Captivity at Lal Sohanra National Park Bahawalpur, Pakistan","authors":"S. Hussain","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.1.38","url":null,"abstract":"Lal Suhanra National Park is one of the important protected areas of Pakistan. From many years endangered species of deer are being raised in captivity at Lal Suhanra National Park. In this study, we have observed the blackbuck, chinkara and spotted deer which are highly endangered. The the findings of study showed that blackbuck, chinkara and spotted deer eat daily any of the seasonal grasses like e.g., Maize (Zea mays), Jantar (Sesbania bisbinosa), Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) Bajra (Pennsietum glaucum) 4 to 6 kg, 3-5 kg and 4-5 kg respectively. Softened parts of the plants were also being eaten, which included Jandi (Prosopis spicigera), Kikar (Acacia sp.), Sheesham (Dalbergia sissoo), Lamb (Aristida depressa), Gorkha (Lasiurus hirsutus), Khawai (Cymbopogon jawarancusa), Murat (Panicum antidotale), Dhaman (Cenchrus pennisetiformis), Lana (Haloxylon recurvum), Ber (Zyziphus sp.), Katran (Cymbopogon martinii), Khiri (Euphorbia prostrata), Khip (Leptadenia pyrotechnica), Chag (Crotalaria burhia), Dele (Capparis decidua), Phel (Neslia sp.), Ghandeel (Eleusine flagillifera), Ak (Callotropis sp.) and Jal (Salvadora oleoides). While the all showed the similar amount of parched channa consumption. Softened plant parts of various species were also being given in their feeding. It is concluded that these species can live on the variety of fodders where the deer eat little amount of grass in a single day for survival as compared to other fodder types.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42819726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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