In the tissue culture investigations for tree species, the growth medium with a perfect concentration of growth regulators and other components has a crucial role in the in vitro callus initiation from explants material. The present study has highlighted the effects of various concentrations of plant growth regulators on callus initiation from immature fruits of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium. The immature fruits were collected as explants sources during fruiting season and cultured on 1/2, 3/4 and full-strength MS medium. In this study, 1.8mgL-1 of 2, 4-D, and full-strength MS medium was observed best for callus initiation and further supported for the multiplication from immature fruits of E. ganitrus. The callus initiation from immature fruits of E. ganitrus was the crucial step towards the conservation study of this tree species. This study can be helpful for tissue culture investigations concerning callus development from immature fruit explants material of several other species of Elaeocarpus and even for the other endangered tree species.
{"title":"In Vitro Callus Induction from Immature Fruits of Elaeocarpus ganitrus: A Tissue Culture Approach","authors":"M. Chaudhary","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"In the tissue culture investigations for tree species, the growth medium with a perfect concentration of growth regulators and other components has a crucial role in the in vitro callus initiation from explants material. The present study has highlighted the effects of various concentrations of plant growth regulators on callus initiation from immature fruits of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium. The immature fruits were collected as explants sources during fruiting season and cultured on 1/2, 3/4 and full-strength MS medium. In this study, 1.8mgL-1 of 2, 4-D, and full-strength MS medium was observed best for callus initiation and further supported for the multiplication from immature fruits of E. ganitrus. The callus initiation from immature fruits of E. ganitrus was the crucial step towards the conservation study of this tree species. This study can be helpful for tissue culture investigations concerning callus development from immature fruit explants material of several other species of Elaeocarpus and even for the other endangered tree species.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42566119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we have used a removal technique of fluoride from groundwater in Korba district, Chhattisgarh, using thermally activated neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves as adsorbents. For this purpose, we collected the groundwater sample in January–March 2021. The Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) technique was used to assess the fluoride concentration in groundwater samples. Neem leaves were efficient at removing fluoride in this study. Fluoride has a split personality in the human system, having a damaging impact when fluoride concentration is more than 1.5 mg/L, causing dental and skeletal fluorosis, and a positive effect when concentration is less than 1.0 mg/L, causing caries preclusion, and health promotion. This small project provides the outcomes of a study on neem leaf powder for water defluoridation. The analysis here discusses the applicability of inexpensive leaf adsorbents for successfully remediating fluoride contaminated water: contact time, pH, and adsorbent concentration all influence fluoride ion sorption effectiveness. The effects of treated leaf powder on pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time with aqueous solutions containing 2.28–10.04 mg/L fluoride ions were investigated. Fluoride adsorption is most substantial at pH 2. Fluoride removal diminishes dramatically when the pH exceeds 2. At adsorbent doses of 10 g/L, the necessary time for fluoride ion adsorption equilibrium is 120 minutes, and the highest removal efficiency attained was 85%, during that amount of adsorbent was 12 g/L. This research also discusses fluoride's adsorption isotherm and kinetics by activated neem leaf powder.
{"title":"Defluoridation of Groundwater with the Help of Azadirachta indica leaves as Bioadsorbent in Korba, Chhattisgarh, India","authors":"K. Kashyap","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we have used a removal technique of fluoride from groundwater in Korba district, Chhattisgarh, using thermally activated neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves as adsorbents. For this purpose, we collected the groundwater sample in January–March 2021. The Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) technique was used to assess the fluoride concentration in groundwater samples. Neem leaves were efficient at removing fluoride in this study. Fluoride has a split personality in the human system, having a damaging impact when fluoride concentration is more than 1.5 mg/L, causing dental and skeletal fluorosis, and a positive effect when concentration is less than 1.0 mg/L, causing caries preclusion, and health promotion. This small project provides the outcomes of a study on neem leaf powder for water defluoridation. The analysis here discusses the applicability of inexpensive leaf adsorbents for successfully remediating fluoride contaminated water: contact time, pH, and adsorbent concentration all influence fluoride ion sorption effectiveness. The effects of treated leaf powder on pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time with aqueous solutions containing 2.28–10.04 mg/L fluoride ions were investigated. Fluoride adsorption is most substantial at pH 2. Fluoride removal diminishes dramatically when the pH exceeds 2. At adsorbent doses of 10 g/L, the necessary time for fluoride ion adsorption equilibrium is 120 minutes, and the highest removal efficiency attained was 85%, during that amount of adsorbent was 12 g/L. This research also discusses fluoride's adsorption isotherm and kinetics by activated neem leaf powder.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47747615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses (SiH CL) provides better comfort when compared with hydrogel contact lenses. But the signs that show up in wearers with reduced comfort are unclear. Thus, we aimed to study the association between symptoms and clinical signs of dry eye in SiH CL wearers. Forty-eight SiH CL wearers (mean age: 28.8 ± 5.0 years) underwent ocular assessments with and without contact lens, and completed Contact Lens Dry Eye questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8). Contact-lens related dryness was reported by 52.1% (n=25) subjects. A significant (p<0.01) Spearman’s correlation was found between CLDEQ-8 score and pre-lens tear film non-invasive tear break-up time (r=-0.80), pre-ocular tear film non-invasive tear break-up time (r=-0.78), invasive tear break-up time (-0.87), and Schirmer test (r=-0.83). In conclusion, for comfortable SiH CL usage, a healthy tear film is essential, and a thorough clinical evaluation may be beneficial in alleviating discomfort.
{"title":"Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Among Silicone Hydrogel Soft Contact Lens Wearers","authors":"Premsudhakar Lawrence","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses (SiH CL) provides better comfort when compared with hydrogel contact lenses. But the signs that show up in wearers with reduced comfort are unclear. Thus, we aimed to study the association between symptoms and clinical signs of dry eye in SiH CL wearers. Forty-eight SiH CL wearers (mean age: 28.8 ± 5.0 years) underwent ocular assessments with and without contact lens, and completed Contact Lens Dry Eye questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8). Contact-lens related dryness was reported by 52.1% (n=25) subjects. A significant (p<0.01) Spearman’s correlation was found between CLDEQ-8 score and pre-lens tear film non-invasive tear break-up time (r=-0.80), pre-ocular tear film non-invasive tear break-up time (r=-0.78), invasive tear break-up time (-0.87), and Schirmer test (r=-0.83). In conclusion, for comfortable SiH CL usage, a healthy tear film is essential, and a thorough clinical evaluation may be beneficial in alleviating discomfort.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45070960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world has faced a huge pandemic in the form of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) started the infection from Wuhan city of China to all over the world. COVID 19 is an infectious disease induced by the presence of coronavirus-2 causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). This infectious disease has changed the entire life of human beings and has started to shut down all the cities in the world. The COVID 19 has shown both positive and negative shades which has impacted on human life. Many publications have been discussed on COVID 19 disease, human health and specifically on human diseases. Only limited studies have been discussed on environmental assessment with reference to different countries. In this review, the main objective is to discuss about the global impact of environment effect with the relation towards COVID 19. The objective of this review is to define the impact of COVID 19 in terms of the role of environmental effects. In spite of the financial impact of the COVID 19 epidemic on the global economy, there was a positive influence for the environment. Though as a result of global warming, the greenhouse gases CO2, and NO2 are increasing in concentration. Ozone layer depletion and changes in the climate have been reported despite low levels of air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, etc. The findings of the present review provide significant information that COVID 19 had a favorable influence on the environment by enhancing air and water quality.
{"title":"Impact of Covid 19 and Its Relevance With Respect to Environmental Functioning","authors":"Fatimah A Al-Saeed","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The world has faced a huge pandemic in the form of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) started the infection from Wuhan city of China to all over the world. COVID 19 is an infectious disease induced by the presence of coronavirus-2 causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). This infectious disease has changed the entire life of human beings and has started to shut down all the cities in the world. The COVID 19 has shown both positive and negative shades which has impacted on human life. Many publications have been discussed on COVID 19 disease, human health and specifically on human diseases. Only limited studies have been discussed on environmental assessment with reference to different countries. In this review, the main objective is to discuss about the global impact of environment effect with the relation towards COVID 19. The objective of this review is to define the impact of COVID 19 in terms of the role of environmental effects. In spite of the financial impact of the COVID 19 epidemic on the global economy, there was a positive influence for the environment. Though as a result of global warming, the greenhouse gases CO2, and NO2 are increasing in concentration. Ozone layer depletion and changes in the climate have been reported despite low levels of air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, etc. The findings of the present review provide significant information that COVID 19 had a favorable influence on the environment by enhancing air and water quality.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42072508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two commercially significant marine Pelecypoda species named Perna viridis (green mussel) and Paphia malabarica (short neck yellow clam) were exposed to different concentrations of Atrataf (commercial brand of atrazine available in India) in an acute toxicity test. The 96 h LC50 values of Atrataf to P. viridis and P. malabarica were 6.10 mg L-1, and 4.90 mg L-1 respectively. This study showed that there is a significant increase in mortality in both species as the dose and duration of Atrataf exposure are increased further, exposure to sublethal concentrations of the Atrataf. Moreover, following 14 days of exposure to sublethal doses of Atrataf, the immunotoxic potential of atrazine was examined by measuring viable haemocytes using the Tryphan Blue Exclusion Assay. After 14 days of exposure to the highest sublethal doses of Atrataf, the percentage of viable hemocytes decreased to 74.51 (Perna viridis) and 78.39 (Paphia malabarica), relative to the control. Since Haemocytes are the most critical cells in the immune system of Pelecypoda, any decrease in the hemocyte count will have a detrimental impact on the immune system activities. This is the first study of its kind study to investigate and report atrazine as a potential compound, which can induce immunotoxicity in Pelecypoda. The fact that the two studied species of Perna viridis and Paphia malabarica, are both commercially and ecologically important, their selection adds to the study’s significance.
{"title":"In vivo Immunotoxicity Assessment of Atrazine in two Economically-Important Marine Pelecypoda Species","authors":"Muhammed Zafar Iqbal AN","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Two commercially significant marine Pelecypoda species named Perna viridis (green mussel) and Paphia malabarica (short neck yellow clam) were exposed to different concentrations of Atrataf (commercial brand of atrazine available in India) in an acute toxicity test. The 96 h LC50 values of Atrataf to P. viridis and P. malabarica were 6.10 mg L-1, and 4.90 mg L-1 respectively. This study showed that there is a significant increase in mortality in both species as the dose and duration of Atrataf exposure are increased further, exposure to sublethal concentrations of the Atrataf. Moreover, following 14 days of exposure to sublethal doses of Atrataf, the immunotoxic potential of atrazine was examined by measuring viable haemocytes using the Tryphan Blue Exclusion Assay. After 14 days of exposure to the highest sublethal doses of Atrataf, the percentage of viable hemocytes decreased to 74.51 (Perna viridis) and 78.39 (Paphia malabarica), relative to the control. Since Haemocytes are the most critical cells in the immune system of Pelecypoda, any decrease in the hemocyte count will have a detrimental impact on the immune system activities. This is the first study of its kind study to investigate and report atrazine as a potential compound, which can induce immunotoxicity in Pelecypoda. The fact that the two studied species of Perna viridis and Paphia malabarica, are both commercially and ecologically important, their selection adds to the study’s significance.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44000182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saudi Arabia flora has many medicinal plants which are traditionally used in inhibition of many human pathogens. Echinops macrochaetus (Camel thistle) and Xanthium spinosum (Spiny cocklebur) from the Asteraceae family and Lemongrass (Oymbopogon citrates) from the Gramineae family are one of the local plants which are quite popular but less studied scientfically. Hence in the present work, they were analysed for their medicinal efficacies , for which they were collected and extracted using either hot water or organic solvents (n-butanol, diethyl ether andethyl acetate). The antibacterial activities of the previous plants extracts were detected and the methanolic extract of the three tested plants gave excellent inhibition of the tested bacterial pathogen, Escherichia coli while the aqueous extracts recorded the lowest bacterial inhibition. The susceptibility of the tested bacteria to the three methanolic plant extracts and control antibiotic was tested using agar well diffusion method. The methanolic extract of Echinops recorded excellent antibacterial activity while Xanthium and Oymbopogon recorded moderate activities against the Gram negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis in addition to the Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The mean antibacterial activities (bacterial index) was maximum for the methanol extract of Echinops (21.8 mm) followed by Xanthium (13.8 mm) and Oymbopogon (12.5 mm). Moreover, In vitro MTT test and Neutral Red assays were used to detect any antitumor activities of the three tested plant extracts. Echinops extract showed excellent antitumor activity against two cell lines, MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) with no toxicity (recorded using Artimia salina for the assay). Also, using fluorescein diacetate microdilution method, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the Fractional Inhibitory Concentrations of the methanolic extract of Echinops, ciprofloxacin and their mixture were calculated. FIC index ranged from 0.89-1.15 that means there is an additive effect between Echinops extract and ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, the results show that Echinops methanolic extract single or mixed with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin demonstrated excellent inhibitory activities for all tested urinary tract pathogenic bacteria.
{"title":"Screening of Some Local Traditional Plants for their Antitumor and Antibacterial Activities Against the Global Emergence of Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria","authors":"R. Alshamrani","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Saudi Arabia flora has many medicinal plants which are traditionally used in inhibition of many human pathogens. Echinops macrochaetus (Camel thistle) and Xanthium spinosum (Spiny cocklebur) from the Asteraceae family and Lemongrass (Oymbopogon citrates) from the Gramineae family are one of the local plants which are quite popular but less studied scientfically. Hence in the present work, they were analysed for their medicinal efficacies , for which they were collected and extracted using either hot water or organic solvents (n-butanol, diethyl ether andethyl acetate). The antibacterial activities of the previous plants extracts were detected and the methanolic extract of the three tested plants gave excellent inhibition of the tested bacterial pathogen, Escherichia coli while the aqueous extracts recorded the lowest bacterial inhibition. The susceptibility of the tested bacteria to the three methanolic plant extracts and control antibiotic was tested using agar well diffusion method. The methanolic extract of Echinops recorded excellent antibacterial activity while Xanthium and Oymbopogon recorded moderate activities against the Gram negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis in addition to the Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The mean antibacterial activities (bacterial index) was maximum for the methanol extract of Echinops (21.8 mm) followed by Xanthium (13.8 mm) and Oymbopogon (12.5 mm). Moreover, In vitro MTT test and Neutral Red assays were used to detect any antitumor activities of the three tested plant extracts. Echinops extract showed excellent antitumor activity against two cell lines, MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) with no toxicity (recorded using Artimia salina for the assay). Also, using fluorescein diacetate microdilution method, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the Fractional Inhibitory Concentrations of the methanolic extract of Echinops, ciprofloxacin and their mixture were calculated. FIC index ranged from 0.89-1.15 that means there is an additive effect between Echinops extract and ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, the results show that Echinops methanolic extract single or mixed with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin demonstrated excellent inhibitory activities for all tested urinary tract pathogenic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48376232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roads are becoming one of the greater threats to avian fauna. In India, very few studies have been carried out to assess the mortality of avian fauna and other vertebrates. The data on the road kill survey was collected from Jan 2015 to Dec 2017. For the survey of a road-killed avian fauna, the road passing through the agricultural landscape (from Amravati to Paratwada) was selected based on geographical location and availability of vegetation diversity. The survey found a total of 694 carcasses of 38 different species belonging to 25 families that were killed on Amravati to Paratwada Highway. The highest mortality of Greater Coucal (Centropus sinensis) was recorded on Amravati to Paratwada state highway. While studying the seasonal variations, it was observed that the maximum mortality was found from June to September and the minimum from February to May.
{"title":"Assessment of Avian Road Kill Mortality in the State Highway Passing Through Agricultural Landscape","authors":"Amol S. Rawankar","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Roads are becoming one of the greater threats to avian fauna. In India, very few studies have been carried out to assess the mortality of avian fauna and other vertebrates. The data on the road kill survey was collected from Jan 2015 to Dec 2017. For the survey of a road-killed avian fauna, the road passing through the agricultural landscape (from Amravati to Paratwada) was selected based on geographical location and availability of vegetation diversity. The survey found a total of 694 carcasses of 38 different species belonging to 25 families that were killed on Amravati to Paratwada Highway. The highest mortality of Greater Coucal (Centropus sinensis) was recorded on Amravati to Paratwada state highway. While studying the seasonal variations, it was observed that the maximum mortality was found from June to September and the minimum from February to May.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45495781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infantile spasms or West syndrome, may be a serious and severe sort of neurological disease that generally affect infants who are younger than 2 years. West syndrome, or infantile spasms syndrome may be an oft ruinous infantile epileptic neurological disease with a range of aetiologies. We are reporting a 10 months old male child who is a known case of seizure disorder for 6 months and came with the chief complaints of spam of upper and lower limb, 2-3 episodes per day, which last for 3-4 min for 5 months. The history included that the baby did not cry immediately after birth and was shifted to Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and was on ventilator support for 15 days and then discharged. Later at 4 months of age baby started developing convulsions, electroencephalogram (EEG) was done which suggested of epileptic encephalopathy along with hypsarrhythmia. Post EEG baby developed respiratory distress for which he was shifted to Paediatrics intensive care unit (PICU), kept on nil by mouth (NBM) and on oxygen support by nasal prongs, treatment started. Patient was hemodynamically stable and hence being discharged.
{"title":"A Rare and Unique Case Report of Two-Year- Old Suffering From West Syndrome","authors":"P. Pandey","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Infantile spasms or West syndrome, may be a serious and severe sort of neurological disease that generally affect infants who are younger than 2 years. West syndrome, or infantile spasms syndrome may be an oft ruinous infantile epileptic neurological disease with a range of aetiologies. We are reporting a 10 months old male child who is a known case of seizure disorder for 6 months and came with the chief complaints of spam of upper and lower limb, 2-3 episodes per day, which last for 3-4 min for 5 months. The history included that the baby did not cry immediately after birth and was shifted to Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and was on ventilator support for 15 days and then discharged. Later at 4 months of age baby started developing convulsions, electroencephalogram (EEG) was done which suggested of epileptic encephalopathy along with hypsarrhythmia. Post EEG baby developed respiratory distress for which he was shifted to Paediatrics intensive care unit (PICU), kept on nil by mouth (NBM) and on oxygen support by nasal prongs, treatment started. Patient was hemodynamically stable and hence being discharged.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47693163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The noisy Galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) is established to be a assuring tool to enhance vestibular functioning. Deterioration in vestibular functioning in the geriatric population results in reduced capacity to identify weakened signal which may result into reduction in balance and ultimately fall. Postural sway is produced when nGVS is given over mastoid process. In present study our aim is to find out whether nGVS can be utilized to maximize the outcome of balance training programme among elderly individuals. Community dwelling elderly (N=150, age 65.67±3.4 yrs) were randomly recruited to a control group (Group A, n=50, age 65.54±3.4 yrs), Placebo group (Group B, n=50, age 65.5±3.3 yrs) and a treatment group (Group C, n=50, age 65.98±3.5 yrs). No intervention was provided to Control group while placebo stimulation was given to group B along with balance training exercises and group C was provided with noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation along with balance training exercises. Pre, mid and post data were recorded on Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for balance and Tinetti’s fall risk scale for risk of fall and analyzed. Compared to control group there was a significant improvement in balance and reduction in risk of fall in placebo and treatment groups. Significant difference was found in treatment group in comparison with placebo group for both, BBS and Tinetti’s fall risk scale. In treatment group early changes in Balance and risk of fall was observed while similar outcomes were not obtained in control and placebo groups. The findings of this study suggests that nGVS can be choosen to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of balance training exercises clinically.
{"title":"Optimizing Balance Using Vestibular Electrical Stimulation to Study its Therapeutic Effect Among Elderly","authors":"Ankit Jain","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The noisy Galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) is established to be a assuring tool to enhance vestibular functioning. Deterioration in vestibular functioning in the geriatric population results in reduced capacity to identify weakened signal which may result into reduction in balance and ultimately fall. Postural sway is produced when nGVS is given over mastoid process. In present study our aim is to find out whether nGVS can be utilized to maximize the outcome of balance training programme among elderly individuals. Community dwelling elderly (N=150, age 65.67±3.4 yrs) were randomly recruited to a control group (Group A, n=50, age 65.54±3.4 yrs), Placebo group (Group B, n=50, age 65.5±3.3 yrs) and a treatment group (Group C, n=50, age 65.98±3.5 yrs). No intervention was provided to Control group while placebo stimulation was given to group B along with balance training exercises and group C was provided with noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation along with balance training exercises. Pre, mid and post data were recorded on Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for balance and Tinetti’s fall risk scale for risk of fall and analyzed. Compared to control group there was a significant improvement in balance and reduction in risk of fall in placebo and treatment groups. Significant difference was found in treatment group in comparison with placebo group for both, BBS and Tinetti’s fall risk scale. In treatment group early changes in Balance and risk of fall was observed while similar outcomes were not obtained in control and placebo groups. The findings of this study suggests that nGVS can be choosen to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of balance training exercises clinically.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42403918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a serious health problem that affects people of all ages and genders globally. A study was carried out to determine the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients present at AKTH with UTI from January 2019 to January 2020. The study aimed to determine the incidence and identify the infective uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Urine samples were collected from 128 (Male 63) patients ranging from 0 to 84 years. Culture plates with bacteria count greater than or equal to 1×105 cfu-ml-1 were taken as positive for UTI. The bacteria isolates were identified based on colony morphology characteristics, gram stain reaction and biochemical tests. The identified bacteria were then tested in vitro with standard antibiotics disc to determine their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. The result showed that 35 (27.3%) out of 128 patients investigated had UTIs. The urine culture of 65 female patients resulted in 24(36.9%) positive samples, while 11 (17.5%) of the 63 males had significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli constituted the predominant organism and was responsible for 24(68.7%) of the cases of UTI. The other encountered uropathogens were Klebsiella sp. 5(14.3 %), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus 2(5.5%). One sample (2.9%) each was found to have Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Enterococcus fecalis and Salmonella sp., respectively. All gram-negative bacteria were highly-sensitive to Meropenem and Gentamicin and were mostly-resistant to Piperacillin. Gram-positive organisms were sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, and Cefoxitin and resistant to Erythromycin. The highest incidence (39.1%) of UTI was found in the age range (10 – 19 years), with a significant gender difference.
{"title":"Incidence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) Kano, Nigeria","authors":"Maimuna Sidi Muhammed","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a serious health problem that affects people of all ages and genders globally. A study was carried out to determine the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients present at AKTH with UTI from January 2019 to January 2020. The study aimed to determine the incidence and identify the infective uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Urine samples were collected from 128 (Male 63) patients ranging from 0 to 84 years. Culture plates with bacteria count greater than or equal to 1×105 cfu-ml-1 were taken as positive for UTI. The bacteria isolates were identified based on colony morphology characteristics, gram stain reaction and biochemical tests. The identified bacteria were then tested in vitro with standard antibiotics disc to determine their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. The result showed that 35 (27.3%) out of 128 patients investigated had UTIs. The urine culture of 65 female patients resulted in 24(36.9%) positive samples, while 11 (17.5%) of the 63 males had significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli constituted the predominant organism and was responsible for 24(68.7%) of the cases of UTI. The other encountered uropathogens were Klebsiella sp. 5(14.3 %), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus 2(5.5%). One sample (2.9%) each was found to have Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Enterococcus fecalis and Salmonella sp., respectively. All gram-negative bacteria were highly-sensitive to Meropenem and Gentamicin and were mostly-resistant to Piperacillin. Gram-positive organisms were sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, and Cefoxitin and resistant to Erythromycin. The highest incidence (39.1%) of UTI was found in the age range (10 – 19 years), with a significant gender difference.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46186511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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