This investigation is a short term assessment which is attempted to explore the diversity of beetles in Lakhimpur, Assam as the region is extensively familiar for its biodiversity enrichment. Lakhimpur, a district of Assam receives tropical wet evergreen forest and lies in northern bank of river Bramhaputra. The district is adobe to many valuable flora and fauna. Trigerred by our inquisitiveness, we planned an experiment and collected beetle samples from 4 distinct areas as paddy land, vegetable, garden and forest areas. Beetles were collected twice a day from 6.30-11am during morning and 3-5 pm during evening. Several approved collection techniques like Light trap, Pitfall trap, hand picking were applied. Beetles were then brought to the laboratory and stored in 4% formaldehyde in sterilised small glass vials. Identification was done followed by standard identification manuals. Remarkably, 25 species of beetles belonging to 13 different families have been identified in Lakhimpur as May beetle, Derobrachus geminates, Oriental beetle, Aphodine dung beetle, Heteronychus arator, Gonocephalum simplex, Chrysochus cobaltinus, Compsosternus auratus, Gyrinus substriatus and others.Weather parameters like temperature, relative humidity, rainfall may have influence over beetle abundance in Lakhimpur. Our beyond expectation findings clearly indicated that Lakhimpur, like other parts of Assam is heavily blessed with different varieties of insects .
{"title":"On the Diversity and Abundance of Beetles in Lakhimpur, Assam India","authors":"J. Arjun","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation is a short term assessment which is attempted to explore the diversity of beetles in Lakhimpur, Assam as the region is extensively familiar for its biodiversity enrichment. Lakhimpur, a district of Assam receives tropical wet evergreen forest and lies in northern bank of river Bramhaputra. The district is adobe to many valuable flora and fauna. Trigerred by our inquisitiveness, we planned an experiment and collected beetle samples from 4 distinct areas as paddy land, vegetable, garden and forest areas. Beetles were collected twice a day from 6.30-11am during morning and 3-5 pm during evening. Several approved collection techniques like Light trap, Pitfall trap, hand picking were applied. Beetles were then brought to the laboratory and stored in 4% formaldehyde in sterilised small glass vials. Identification was done followed by standard identification manuals. Remarkably, 25 species of beetles belonging to 13 different families have been identified in Lakhimpur as May beetle, Derobrachus geminates, Oriental beetle, Aphodine dung beetle, Heteronychus arator, Gonocephalum simplex, Chrysochus cobaltinus, Compsosternus auratus, Gyrinus substriatus and others.Weather parameters like temperature, relative humidity, rainfall may have influence over beetle abundance in Lakhimpur. Our beyond expectation findings clearly indicated that Lakhimpur, like other parts of Assam is heavily blessed with different varieties of insects .","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45180239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the recent growth in online data about customers and the growing social web content due to the ever-increasing popularity of social media services, tag-aware recommendation systems are attracting more attention. Tag-aware recommendation systems(TRS) effectively reveal user preferences and extract latent semantic information of items through social tag information. Therefore, a review of the present status of the literature on tag-aware recommendation systems is necessary to identify future research possibilities and directions. This article reviews the research direction in terms of approaches used, application domains, challenges and problems related to developing a system of recommendations, and evaluation metrics used to evaluate performance. It also, presents the insights gained and potential directions for further research. We evaluated 33 scientific papers thorough quantitative evaluation. Although TRS is a flexible approach to managing information, we found that the number of publications are few over the years. Also, scientific publications are limited to specific datasets and types of publications and focus on a specific field more than others. 73% of the papers were published as a journal, and 29% of papers used collaborative filtering approach. The most covered domin was the music domain with 26%, and the most used dataset was Last.FM with 20%.
{"title":"A Review of Tag-aware Recommender Systems for Future Applications in Research and Development","authors":"Reham Alabduljabbar","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.4.1a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.4.1a","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the recent growth in online data about customers and the growing social web content due to the ever-increasing popularity of social media services, tag-aware recommendation systems are attracting more attention. Tag-aware recommendation systems(TRS) effectively reveal user preferences and extract latent semantic information of items through social tag information. Therefore, a review of the present status of the literature on tag-aware recommendation systems is necessary to identify future research possibilities and directions. This article reviews the research direction in terms of approaches used, application domains, challenges and problems related to developing a system of recommendations, and evaluation metrics used to evaluate performance. It also, presents the insights gained and potential directions for further research. We evaluated 33 scientific papers thorough quantitative evaluation. Although TRS is a flexible approach to managing information, we found that the number of publications are few over the years. Also, scientific publications are limited to specific datasets and types of publications and focus on a specific field more than others. 73% of the papers were published as a journal, and 29% of papers used collaborative filtering approach. The most covered domin was the music domain with 26%, and the most used dataset was Last.FM with 20%.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43638891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few decades, extensive research in the field of carcinogenesis has been the toughest challenge in finding newer drugs. One of the leading causes of death in women worldwide is breast cancer. Cucurbitacin is one such compound identified to suppress the oncogenic signalling pathways for survival. JAK/STAT pathways were identified for tumour growth as one of the key targets for cucurbitacin. Mainly, the compound cucurbitacin Q against estrogen receptors could be a target of concern among researchers around the globe. The structured review of cucurbitacin was documented by retrieving the data from various literature reports, review articles and research papers published on the PMC platform. In context with the fascinating role of cucurbitacin Q against estrogen receptors, it inhibits the tumour progression by blocking the STAT3 pathway. Cucurbitacin Q induces apoptosis in the tumour that activates the STAT3 gene when compared to other genes, which were found to be susceptible to breast cancer cell lines. Therefore, Cuc Q finds itself a new way of intervening with the JAK/STAT3 pathway by suppressing the progression of the tumour. Increased production of Cuc Q if proved to be active against oncogenes by blocking the STAT3 pathway. This article discusses the background, chemical structure and biological mechanism of cucurbitacin Q compound against estrogen receptors for breast cancer treatment.
{"title":"Cucurbitacin Compounds Against Estrogen Receptor: Literature Review","authors":"G. Kumar","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, extensive research in the field of carcinogenesis has been the toughest challenge in finding newer drugs. One of the leading causes of death in women worldwide is breast cancer. Cucurbitacin is one such compound identified to suppress the oncogenic signalling pathways for survival. JAK/STAT pathways were identified for tumour growth as one of the key targets for cucurbitacin. Mainly, the compound cucurbitacin Q against estrogen receptors could be a target of concern among researchers around the globe. The structured review of cucurbitacin was documented by retrieving the data from various literature reports, review articles and research papers published on the PMC platform. In context with the fascinating role of cucurbitacin Q against estrogen receptors, it inhibits the tumour progression by blocking the STAT3 pathway. Cucurbitacin Q induces apoptosis in the tumour that activates the STAT3 gene when compared to other genes, which were found to be susceptible to breast cancer cell lines. Therefore, Cuc Q finds itself a new way of intervening with the JAK/STAT3 pathway by suppressing the progression of the tumour. Increased production of Cuc Q if proved to be active against oncogenes by blocking the STAT3 pathway. This article discusses the background, chemical structure and biological mechanism of cucurbitacin Q compound against estrogen receptors for breast cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42096686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reclamation or recycling wastewater is an alternative to the gradual degradation of natural water resources. Reused or domestic sewage is highly loaded with nutrients, suspended solids, organic and inorganic matter, and microorganisms that provide natural food for several species of edible fishes. The effluent contains excessive nutrients which may increase the growth of aquatic plants and stimulate the production of natural food for fish. Oxidation ponds or stabilization ponds in the tropics are recognized as effective and economical units for the treatment of domestic sewage as well as biodegradable industrial wastes if managed properly. The driving force in a waste oxidation pond is solar energy utilized by active continuous photosynthesis. The action of sunlight on algae in the pond enables them to grow and rapidly consume the nutrients contained in the sewage. The algae and bacteria play an inter-dependent symbiotic role in these ponds, while the algae use the nutrients and carbon dioxide by bacterial decomposition, the bacteria make use of the oxygen liberated by the algae during photosynthesis, consequently increasing the rich natural biomass for the fishes. Updated compiled information in this review article suggests that domestic waste-water aquaculture is one of the best alternative ways to remove eutrophication as well as increase the culture of poly carps. This domestic sewage-purification cum reclamation bioprocess can be one of the cheapest methods, where natural sunlight, tropical conditions and biological parameters if managed judiciously, can be recycled and reclaimed for economically viable fish culture.
{"title":"Fish Poly Culture in Domestic Wastewater Ponds: A Step Towards Protein Rrecovery and Pollution Reduction","authors":"Sharique A. Ali","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Reclamation or recycling wastewater is an alternative to the gradual degradation of natural water resources. Reused or domestic sewage is highly loaded with nutrients, suspended solids, organic and inorganic matter, and microorganisms that provide natural food for several species of edible fishes. The effluent contains excessive nutrients which may increase the growth of aquatic plants and stimulate the production of natural food for fish. Oxidation ponds or stabilization ponds in the tropics are recognized as effective and economical units for the treatment of domestic sewage as well as biodegradable industrial wastes if managed properly. The driving force in a waste oxidation pond is solar energy utilized by active continuous photosynthesis. The action of sunlight on algae in the pond enables them to grow and rapidly consume the nutrients contained in the sewage. The algae and bacteria play an inter-dependent symbiotic role in these ponds, while the algae use the nutrients and carbon dioxide by bacterial decomposition, the bacteria make use of the oxygen liberated by the algae during photosynthesis, consequently increasing the rich natural biomass for the fishes. Updated compiled information in this review article suggests that domestic waste-water aquaculture is one of the best alternative ways to remove eutrophication as well as increase the culture of poly carps. This domestic sewage-purification cum reclamation bioprocess can be one of the cheapest methods, where natural sunlight, tropical conditions and biological parameters if managed judiciously, can be recycled and reclaimed for economically viable fish culture.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49619444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vertebrate RNA viruses cause most of the infectious, contagious, transboundary diseases of mammalians in the world. Since 2000, H5N1 avian flu, H1N1/H1N2 Swine flu, SARS, MERS, CCHF, and Covid-19 have caused outbreaks. In addition, rabies, HIV, measles, viral hepatitis, respiratory viruses, dengue, in human beings, and FMD in cattle, PPR in goat, Bluetongue in sheep, infectious bronchitis and PRRS in pigs, are prevalent and endemic in different countries since many years. Whole virus inactivated and live attenuated vaccines including non-pathogenic mutants have been successful in control and eradication of many viral diseases of man and animals. The advancements in molecular virology, non-replicating designer virus vectors of adenovirus and Poxvirus origins, and replicating designer virus vectors derived from vesicular stomatitis virus are being used to deliver immunogenic genes of other viruses to confer protection. RNA vaccine in the form of nucleoside modified mRNA has been successful in control of Covid-19. Single cycle replicon (SCR) virus construct with target transgene, and codon-pair bias deoptimized (CPD) virus have been promising vaccine platforms; both mutants are live attenuated and non-transmissive between host cells. Antigenic spectrum of CPD-virus is as wide as virus attenuated by serial passage in experimental hosts, and is very quick to develop. The technique of synthetic attenuated virus engineering has been faster in developing new age viral vaccines, and also faster to update to match antigenic diversity. This review describes applications of CPD, SAM and SCR technologies in developing vaccine candidates for RNA virus diseases.
{"title":"New Age Vaccines: Technologies in Developing Vaccine Candidates for RNA Virus Diseases","authors":"B. Pattnaik","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Vertebrate RNA viruses cause most of the infectious, contagious, transboundary diseases of mammalians in the world. Since 2000, H5N1 avian flu, H1N1/H1N2 Swine flu, SARS, MERS, CCHF, and Covid-19 have caused outbreaks. In addition, rabies, HIV, measles, viral hepatitis, respiratory viruses, dengue, in human beings, and FMD in cattle, PPR in goat, Bluetongue in sheep, infectious bronchitis and PRRS in pigs, are prevalent and endemic in different countries since many years. Whole virus inactivated and live attenuated vaccines including non-pathogenic mutants have been successful in control and eradication of many viral diseases of man and animals. The advancements in molecular virology, non-replicating designer virus vectors of adenovirus and Poxvirus origins, and replicating designer virus vectors derived from vesicular stomatitis virus are being used to deliver immunogenic genes of other viruses to confer protection. RNA vaccine in the form of nucleoside modified mRNA has been successful in control of Covid-19. Single cycle replicon (SCR) virus construct with target transgene, and codon-pair bias deoptimized (CPD) virus have been promising vaccine platforms; both mutants are live attenuated and non-transmissive between host cells. Antigenic spectrum of CPD-virus is as wide as virus attenuated by serial passage in experimental hosts, and is very quick to develop. The technique of synthetic attenuated virus engineering has been faster in developing new age viral vaccines, and also faster to update to match antigenic diversity. This review describes applications of CPD, SAM and SCR technologies in developing vaccine candidates for RNA virus diseases.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47960624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Pathak, S. Sonawane, Jivan G. Patil, Diptanshu S. Kasar, Sonali R. Chavan, Nikita Shahane, Priya M. Gadak, P. R. Shinde, Tejaswi D. Kandalkar
The rationale behind writing this review article is to give an introduction to the clinical trial, its phases and the current scenario in clinical research in India. This article gives a brief idea about the clinical trial phases. The reader can find the process of trial in step-by-step manner with the government regulatory body that has a major role to ensure the safety of the subject involved in the experimental study, with appropriate protocol and approval of the whole experimental study. This paper describes the role of the ethics committee, the investigator and sponsors’ responsibilities along with DCGI workflow, regulations of study. This study also discusses what is CDSCO, ICH-GCP government body in clinical trials etc. The clinical trial has a crucial role in serving good health to the public and developing new promising drug candidates in the treatment of diseases. The new drug candidate and therapy enhance the quality and lifespan of the patient. Nowadays the number of clinical trials has increased in biomedical research so there is a huge need to make transparency and easy accessibility of trial studies to general people. Hence, the development of CTRI has been done. The regulatory authority strictly observes whether the guidelines are properly followed in trial or not. The regulatory guidelines are modified timely. The serious injury during trial and informed consent form are recently modified. This review article put all the essential things for the reader to get enough idea about a clinical trial in India, how it is conducted, which regulatory body involved in clinical trial etc.
{"title":"Clinical Trial Phases and their Registration in India: A Systematic Review","authors":"D. Pathak, S. Sonawane, Jivan G. Patil, Diptanshu S. Kasar, Sonali R. Chavan, Nikita Shahane, Priya M. Gadak, P. R. Shinde, Tejaswi D. Kandalkar","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The rationale behind writing this review article is to give an introduction to the clinical trial, its phases and the current scenario in clinical research in India. This article gives a brief idea about the clinical trial phases. The reader can find the process of trial in step-by-step manner with the government regulatory body that has a major role to ensure the safety of the subject involved in the experimental study, with appropriate protocol and approval of the whole experimental study. This paper describes the role of the ethics committee, the investigator and sponsors’ responsibilities along with DCGI workflow, regulations of study. This study also discusses what is CDSCO, ICH-GCP government body in clinical trials etc. The clinical trial has a crucial role in serving good health to the public and developing new promising drug candidates in the treatment of diseases. The new drug candidate and therapy enhance the quality and lifespan of the patient. Nowadays the number of clinical trials has increased in biomedical research so there is a huge need to make transparency and easy accessibility of trial studies to general people. Hence, the development of CTRI has been done. The regulatory authority strictly observes whether the guidelines are properly followed in trial or not. The regulatory guidelines are modified timely. The serious injury during trial and informed consent form are recently modified. This review article put all the essential things for the reader to get enough idea about a clinical trial in India, how it is conducted, which regulatory body involved in clinical trial etc.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43994617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to examine the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria; Pseudomonas punonensis LMT03 (R1), Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (R4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 50071 (R2), Alcaligenes faecalis (DBHU5) and their consortium on yield and lignin deposition of the barley crop. Consortium treated plants had the highest plant height, leaf surface area, number of fertile tillers, spike length, grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, total biomass, and harvest index percent and the lowest values were found in control plots. The consortium treated plant produced the highest grain yield 7976 kg/ha, while control plants produced 3200 kg/ha. In comparison to the control plant, the PGPR-treated barley plant showed dense lignin deposition in the vascular bundles of the stem section.This is the first report on the effect of P.punonensis and P. plecoglossicida on barley crop yield parameters under field conditions, also the first report on lignin deposition in barley plant treated with P. punonensis and P. plecoglossicida strains.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes sp. on the Yield and Lignin Deposition of Barley Hordeum vulgare L. Crop.","authors":"Kumari Divyanshu","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to examine the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria; Pseudomonas punonensis LMT03 (R1), Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (R4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM 50071 (R2), Alcaligenes faecalis (DBHU5) and their consortium on yield and lignin deposition of the barley crop. Consortium treated plants had the highest plant height, leaf surface area, number of fertile tillers, spike length, grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, total biomass, and harvest index percent and the lowest values were found in control plots. The consortium treated plant produced the highest grain yield 7976 kg/ha, while control plants produced 3200 kg/ha. In comparison to the control plant, the PGPR-treated barley plant showed dense lignin deposition in the vascular bundles of the stem section.This is the first report on the effect of P.punonensis and P. plecoglossicida on barley crop yield parameters under field conditions, also the first report on lignin deposition in barley plant treated with P. punonensis and P. plecoglossicida strains.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41615056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent times, when the COVID pandemic has hit the world badly, there has been a marked shortage of food, water, and other essentialities, an increase in food pricing which together with other socioeconomic impacts have eventually posed threats to agriculture, food supplies, and nutritional security all over the world. Researchers worldwide are looking for potential solutions to combat poverty and hunger issues. This review focuses on the various medicinal properties of Kodo, its uses in various fields, and prospects where it could be utilized thereafter. The findings of the present rerview revealed that the Kodo millets, Paspalum scrobiculatum: are nutritionally dense when compared to the number of grains consumed. They have a greater mineral content when compared to rice and wheat. Some of them weigh fifty times as much as rice. Finger millet contains thirty times the calcium content of rice, whereas every other millet has at least half the calcium content.
{"title":"Efficacy of Kodo Millets Paspalum scrobiculatum: A Systematic Review","authors":"S. Yadav","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, when the COVID pandemic has hit the world badly, there has been a marked shortage of food, water, and other essentialities, an increase in food pricing which together with other socioeconomic impacts have eventually posed threats to agriculture, food supplies, and nutritional security all over the world. Researchers worldwide are looking for potential solutions to combat poverty and hunger issues. This review focuses on the various medicinal properties of Kodo, its uses in various fields, and prospects where it could be utilized thereafter. The findings of the present rerview revealed that the Kodo millets, Paspalum scrobiculatum: are nutritionally dense when compared to the number of grains consumed. They have a greater mineral content when compared to rice and wheat. Some of them weigh fifty times as much as rice. Finger millet contains thirty times the calcium content of rice, whereas every other millet has at least half the calcium content.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48543820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haloalkaliphilic bacteria are a specific group of bacteria known to us. The diversity of microorganisms is critical to the functioning of the ecosystem as there is the need to maintain ecological process such as decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling, soil aggregation and control of pathogens within the ecosystem. Microbial diversity as an indicator of the quality of agroecosystems has been widely debated, In the present study various saline soil samples collected from Bhavnagar and Uncha Kotda, Gujarat, India. The collected five samples were analysed for diversity study of soil sample for physicochemical analysis like pH, redox potential, conductivity, humidity, salinity and soil analysis for total nitrogen and organic carbon analysis also. Total 55 haloalkaliphilic bacterial morphotypes were isolated and screened for alkaline protease production on halophilic agar medium. Out of them 76.4% gram positive bacilli, 21.8% gram positive cocci and 0.0002% were gram negative short rods. From total 55 morphotypes 33% were different morphotypes, 8% were zone of casein producer, and 16% of them were pigment producing morphotypes. All the pigmented colony producer morphotypes showed growth of orange, yellow, red, light pink and light-yellow colonies on 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% NaCl containing medium. Dominantly bacilli were found in all five samples. Diversity indices for metabolic characterization studies like Shannon-weiner index (H’), Richness, Evenness, Cho-1, Simpson’s index and Good’s coverage were calculated based on the site wise obtained different morphotypes. Phenotypic characteristics were studied. The secondary screening and tertiary screening were done on the basis of REA and different NaCl concentration accordingly. Identification of all haloalkaliphilic protease producers were confirmed by 16S r-RNA identification.
{"title":"On the Diversity and Biogeography of Haloalkaliphilic Bacterial Communities Producing Alkaliphilic Protease","authors":"Ami D. Varia","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Haloalkaliphilic bacteria are a specific group of bacteria known to us. The diversity of microorganisms is critical to the functioning of the ecosystem as there is the need to maintain ecological process such as decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling, soil aggregation and control of pathogens within the ecosystem. Microbial diversity as an indicator of the quality of agroecosystems has been widely debated, In the present study various saline soil samples collected from Bhavnagar and Uncha Kotda, Gujarat, India. The collected five samples were analysed for diversity study of soil sample for physicochemical analysis like pH, redox potential, conductivity, humidity, salinity and soil analysis for total nitrogen and organic carbon analysis also. Total 55 haloalkaliphilic bacterial morphotypes were isolated and screened for alkaline protease production on halophilic agar medium. Out of them 76.4% gram positive bacilli, 21.8% gram positive cocci and 0.0002% were gram negative short rods. From total 55 morphotypes 33% were different morphotypes, 8% were zone of casein producer, and 16% of them were pigment producing morphotypes. All the pigmented colony producer morphotypes showed growth of orange, yellow, red, light pink and light-yellow colonies on 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% NaCl containing medium. Dominantly bacilli were found in all five samples. Diversity indices for metabolic characterization studies like Shannon-weiner index (H’), Richness, Evenness, Cho-1, Simpson’s index and Good’s coverage were calculated based on the site wise obtained different morphotypes. Phenotypic characteristics were studied. The secondary screening and tertiary screening were done on the basis of REA and different NaCl concentration accordingly. Identification of all haloalkaliphilic protease producers were confirmed by 16S r-RNA identification.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42376162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this investigation was to see if it was possible to produce α-amylase from agricultural waste (groundnut shell). The strain (M1) identified as Aspergillus sp. exhibited the largest clearance zone (1.6 cm) and was used in fermentation studies. The activity of α-amylase increased after 24 hours of fermentation, peaked at 72.3 U/mL on day 5, and then began to decline. The effect of optimized environmental conditions studied using OFAT, and it was discovered that pH 6, inoculum size of 1 × 107 spores/mL, incubation period of 120 h, substrate concentration of 3 percent (w/v), and temperature of 35oC were the best for producing α-amylase from groundnut shell using Aspergillus sp. In a single fermentation, these optimum conditions were used, and the experiment yielded an optimum enzyme yield of 121.3 U/mL. This research shows that groundnut shell, a low-cost and commonly available waste, could be an ideal substrate for the manufacture of value-added products.
{"title":"Optimizing α-amylase Production from locally Isolated Aspergillus species Using Selected Agro Waste as Substrate","authors":"M. Abdulsalam","doi":"10.21786/bbrc/15.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this investigation was to see if it was possible to produce α-amylase from agricultural waste (groundnut shell). The strain (M1) identified as Aspergillus sp. exhibited the largest clearance zone (1.6 cm) and was used in fermentation studies. The activity of α-amylase increased after 24 hours of fermentation, peaked at 72.3 U/mL on day 5, and then began to decline. The effect of optimized environmental conditions studied using OFAT, and it was discovered that pH 6, inoculum size of 1 × 107 spores/mL, incubation period of 120 h, substrate concentration of 3 percent (w/v), and temperature of 35oC were the best for producing α-amylase from groundnut shell using Aspergillus sp. In a single fermentation, these optimum conditions were used, and the experiment yielded an optimum enzyme yield of 121.3 U/mL. This research shows that groundnut shell, a low-cost and commonly available waste, could be an ideal substrate for the manufacture of value-added products.","PeriodicalId":9156,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45284766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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