Building and Environment最新文献_第8页

PIV study on characteristics of pedestrian-level fluctuating wind speeds around square buildings with different heights 不同高度方形建筑周围行人水平波动风速特征的 PIV 研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112271

Qiang Lin, Qingshan Yang, Yukio Tamura

Flow fields around four square-section buildings with different heights in boundary layer flow (BLF) were captured by PIV tests to investigate the influence of an increase in building height on fluctuating wind speed fields and pedestrian-level peak wind speed around buildings. Flow visualization results indicate that upstream stagnation levels significantly increase with increasing building height, along with higher wind speeds in approaching BLF, causing stronger front downwash flows and upwash flows behind higher buildings. Variation in flow structures with building height significantly change pedestrian-level wind speed fields, including (1) causing a significant increase in mean wind speed on the sides of buildings, although their influence on turbulent kinetic energies (TKE) in the region is not obvious; (2) causing an increase in mean wind speeds and especially TKE downstream of buildings; Accordingly, high peak pedestrian-level winds for higher buildings occur not only in windy regions beside buildings but also in generally considered low-speed wake regions. This suggests that measurement of only mean pedestrian-level wind around buildings, especially super high-rise buildings, may not be adequate and might underestimate the influence of pedestrian-level winds on pedestrians. In addition, by zoning according to different fluctuating wind characteristics around buildings, peak pedestrian-level wind speed can be estimated by gust factor with better accuracy. Meanwhile, the influence of building height can be easily reflected by constant coefficients.

通过 PIV 试验捕捉了边界层流（BLF）中四座不同高度的方形截面建筑物周围的流场，以研究建筑物高度增加对建筑物周围波动风速场和行人层峰值风速的影响。流动可视化结果表明，随着建筑物高度的增加，上游停滞水平显著增加，同时接近边界层流的风速也更高，从而导致更高的建筑物后面产生更强的前下冲流和上冲流。流体结构随建筑物高度的变化会显著改变行人水平风速场，包括：（1）导致建筑物两侧的平均风速显著增加，尽管其对该区域湍流动能（TKE）的影响并不明显；（2）导致建筑物下游的平均风速增加，尤其是 TKE；因此，较高建筑物的行人水平风速峰值不仅出现在建筑物旁的多风区域，也出现在一般认为的低速尾流区域。这表明，仅测量建筑物（尤其是超高层建筑）周围的平均行人水平风可能不够充分，可能会低估行人水平风对行人的影响。此外，根据建筑物周围不同的风力波动特征进行分区，可以用阵风系数估算出行人层峰值风速，准确性更高。同时，建筑物高度的影响可以通过常数系数轻松反映出来。

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引用次数: 0

Critical periods of maternal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and the risks of stillbirth and spontaneous preterm birth in Western Australia 西澳大利亚州产妇暴露于环境细颗粒物的关键时期与死产和自然早产的风险

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112267

Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu , Gizachew A. Tessema , Ben Mullins , Maayan Yitshak-Sade , Gavin Pereira

Few studies have investigated weekly or monthly exposure-lag-response association between fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and preterm birth, and there has been no known such study for stillbirth. We aimed to identify potential critical susceptible periods of the association between monthly PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy and stillbirth and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). A total of 414,771 singleton births, of which 0.5 % and 3.9 % were stillbirth and sPTB respectively, between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2015 in Western Australia were linked to fine spatiotemporal monthly PM_2.5 concentrations. Monthly distributed lag linear and non-linear (DLM and DLNM) Cox regressions were performed to investigate PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy and covariate-adjusted hazards of stillbirth and sPTB. The mean PM_2.5 exposure during pregnancy was 8.1 μg/m³. Pregnancy PM_2.5 exposure showed small dose-response associations with stillbirth and sPTB with critical susceptible periods spanning the 3rd–6th gestational months, especially from the DLNM method. Relative to 5 μg/m³ from the DLM method, the strongest hazards of PM_2.5 exposure were 1.04 (95 % CI 0.99, 1.08) and 1.03 (95 % CI 1.02, 1.05) during the 4th gestational month for stillbirth and sPTB, respectively. Monthly exposures at late pregnancy were associated with lower hazards. The average pregnancy exposure hazards were 1.08 (95 % CI 0.88, 1.32) and 1.07 (95 % CI 0.99, 1.15) per 5 μg/m³ increment for stillbirth and sPTB, respectively. The average entire pregnancy exposure showed potential attributable burden, synergistic interaction effects with biothermal stress, and comparatively higher hazards for female births and births to mothers who were Caucasian, < 35 years old, high SES, nulliparous, and smoked during pregnancy.

很少有研究对细颗粒物（PM2.5）与早产之间的每周或每月暴露滞后反应关系进行调查，也没有针对死产的已知研究。我们旨在确定孕期每月 PM2.5 暴露与死产和自发性早产（sPTB）之间关系的潜在关键易感期。2000年1月1日至2015年12月31日期间，西澳大利亚州共有414771名单胎婴儿出生，其中死胎和自发性早产分别占0.5%和3.9%。通过月分布滞后线性和非线性（DLM和DLNM）Cox回归，研究了怀孕期间的PM2.5暴露以及经协方差调整的死产和肺结核危害。孕期 PM2.5 平均暴露量为 8.1 μg/m3。妊娠期PM2.5暴露与死胎和肺结核的剂量-反应关系较小，临界易感期跨越第3-6个妊娠月，尤其是DLNM方法。相对于 DLM 方法中的 5 μg/m3 ，PM2.5 暴露对第 4 个妊娠月死产和多发性肺结核的最大危害分别为 1.04（95 % CI 0.99，1.08）和 1.03（95 % CI 1.02，1.05）。妊娠晚期的月度暴露与较低的危害相关。对于死胎和肺结核，平均孕期暴露危害分别为每 5 μg/m3 递增 1.08（95 % CI 0.88，1.32）和 1.07（95 % CI 0.99，1.15）。整个妊娠期的平均暴露量显示出潜在的可归因负担、与生物热应力的协同交互效应，以及对女婴和白种人、35 岁、高社会经济地位、无子宫和孕期吸烟母亲的危害相对较高。

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引用次数: 0

Technological applications of social robots to create healthy and comfortable smart home environment 社交机器人的技术应用，打造健康舒适的智能家居环境

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112269

Hakpyeong Kim, Minjin Kong, Seunghoon Jung, Jaewon Jeoung, Hyuna Kang, Taehoon Hong

The increasing demand for healthy and comfortable living environments has driven significant advancements in smart home technology. However, current developments often overlook the importance of users’ social-emotional needs and the contextual dynamics within the home environment. This study proposes the integration of social robots as a promising solution to address these gaps. By enhancing smart home functionalities, social robots offer a more holistic approach to smart home design. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology combined with large language model-based topic modeling to identify current research trends in social robotics. The analysis revealed five key research areas: (i) social-emotional intelligence, (ii) physical embodiment, (iii) elderly care, (iv) pediatric care, and (v) therapeutic applications. The study discusses how the core functionalities of social robots can enhance user experience by positively influencing the sensing, perception, and action layers of smart home systems. The findings suggest that the evolution of smart home technology should prioritize not only functional improvements but also the social and emotional well-being of users. Integrating social robots into smart homes will foster more human-centric, interactive, and satisfying living environments.

人们对健康舒适的生活环境的需求日益增长，推动了智能家居技术的长足发展。然而，目前的发展往往忽视了用户的社交情感需求和家居环境中的情境动态的重要性。本研究提出将社交机器人作为一种有前途的解决方案来弥补这些不足。通过增强智能家居功能，社交机器人为智能家居设计提供了一种更全面的方法。本研究采用 PRISMA 方法，结合基于大语言模型的主题建模，进行了全面的文献综述，以确定当前社交机器人的研究趋势。分析揭示了五个关键研究领域：(i) 社交情感智能，(ii) 物理体现，(iii) 老人护理，(iv) 儿童护理，以及 (v) 治疗应用。研究讨论了社交机器人的核心功能如何通过积极影响智能家居系统的感知、知觉和行动层来提升用户体验。研究结果表明，智能家居技术的发展不仅要优先考虑功能改进，还要考虑用户的社交和情感福祉。将社交机器人集成到智能家居中，将营造出更加以人为本、互动性更强、更令人满意的生活环境。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing the dynamic effects of land cover change on land surface temperature in global major bay areas 揭示土地覆被变化对全球主要海湾地区地表温度的动态影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112266

Qingtao Zhang , Yijia Guan , Xinyu Wu , Jingkun Zhang , Rui Li , Kairong Lin , Yongheng Wang

Comparative studies across national boundaries on urban heat islands (UHI) are lacking, especially comparative analyses among globally important bay area urban agglomerations at different levels of urbanizations. Bay areas around the world are currently experiencing different stages of urbanization, and the transformation of urban land cover into thermal environments varies significantly. This study investigated the spatial-temporal changes of land cover change (LCC) and the land surface temperature (LST) in four major bay areas (including the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA), the New York Bay Area (NYBA), the Tokyo Bay Area (TBA), and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area (GBA)) from 2000 to 2020. Utilizing correlation analysis and the multiscale geographical weighted regression model (MGWR), the goal was to understand how LCC impact the thermal environmental regionally. The results showed that: (1) The main shift in land cover involved a decrease in forested and cultivated area and an increase in impervious surfaces, with deforestation and agriculture conversion being major factors in this increase. The GBA gave a significant 112% rise in impervious surface during this period. (2) The LST trended towards higher, medium LST zones, closely linked with urban impervious surface expansion. (3) The MGWR model highlighted the direct non-stationary relationship between land cover alterations and LST effects. It showed that conversion to impervious surfaces, particularly from water and cultivated lands, markedly intensified LST, whereas water bodies and forests demonstrated a substantial capacity to mitigate LST. Urban planners were advised to mitigate LST elevations stemming from the transformation of forest lands and aquatic environments into impervious areas, a change notably prevalent in highly urbanized regions. This study provides valuable perspectives on balancing the management of urban thermal environments and urbanization processes.

关于城市热岛（UHI）的跨国比较研究，尤其是全球重要海湾地区城市群在不同城市化水平下的比较分析，尚属空白。目前，世界各地的海湾地区正处于不同的城市化阶段，城市土地覆盖向热环境的转变也大不相同。本研究调查了 2000 年至 2020 年四个主要湾区（包括旧金山湾区、纽约湾区、东京湾区和粤港澳大湾区）的土地覆被变化（LCC）和地表温度（LST）的时空变化。利用相关性分析和多尺度地理加权回归模型（MGWR），目的是了解 LCC 对区域热环境的影响。研究结果表明(1) 土地覆被的主要变化是森林和耕地面积减少，不透水地表增加，而森林砍伐和农业转化是造成不透水地表增加的主要因素。在此期间，全球生物圈保护区的不透水地面大幅增加了 112%。(2) 低地温度带趋向于较高的中等低地温度带，这与城市不透水面积的扩大密切相关。(3）MGWR 模型强调了土地覆被变化与 LST 影响之间的直接非平稳关系。该模型显示，不透水地表的转换，特别是水域和耕地的转换，明显加剧了 LST，而水体和森林则显示出缓解 LST 的巨大能力。建议城市规划者减缓因林地和水环境转变为不透水区域而导致的 LST 升高，这一变化在高度城市化地区尤为普遍。这项研究为平衡城市热环境管理和城市化进程提供了宝贵的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-point temperature or humidity prediction for office building indoor environment based on CGC-BiLSTM deep neural network 基于 CGC-BiLSTM 深度神经网络的办公楼室内环境多点温度或湿度预测

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112259

Tianyi Zhao , Ben Jiang , Yu Li , Yacine Rezgui , Chengyu Zhang , Peng Wang

The aim of this study is to predict the temperature or humidity changes at multiple relevant points in a building using a deep neural network architecture with multi-task learning to provide more reference information for the design and optimal operation of heating and ventilation systems. For this purpose, traditional multi-task prediction algorithm architecture is combined with Customized Gate Control and other neural networks to build deep neural network architectures for indoor environments with multi-point temperature or humidity prediction tasks. To test the prediction effectiveness of the architecture, a task of predicting temperature or humidity 24 h in advance was designed on a real office building indoor environment dataset, and the prediction results were compared with other single-task and multi-task prediction models. Two experimental conditions were designed for this study, one using the complete training set and the other reducing the training set at a certain point. Through the final prediction results, it is found that the multi-task prediction architecture used in this paper shows better or nearly optimal results compared to other prediction models under both working conditions. This study provides some reference value for the application of multi-task prediction algorithms to the task of predicting indoor environments in buildings.

本研究的目的是利用多任务学习的深度神经网络架构预测建筑物内多个相关点的温度或湿度变化，为供热通风系统的设计和优化运行提供更多参考信息。为此，将传统的多任务预测算法架构与定制门控制和其他神经网络相结合，构建了适用于室内环境多点温度或湿度预测任务的深度神经网络架构。为了检验该架构的预测效果，在真实的办公楼室内环境数据集上设计了提前 24 小时预测温度或湿度的任务，并将预测结果与其他单任务和多任务预测模型进行了比较。本研究设计了两种实验条件，一种是使用完整的训练集，另一种是在某一点上减少训练集。通过最终的预测结果发现，本文使用的多任务预测架构在两种工作条件下都比其他预测模型显示出更好或接近最优的结果。本研究为多任务预测算法在建筑室内环境预测任务中的应用提供了一定的参考价值。

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引用次数: 0

Semi-supervised CWGAN-GP modeling for AHU AFDD with high-quality synthetic data filtering mechanism 利用高质量合成数据过滤机制为 AHU AFDD 建立半监督 CWGAN-GP 模型

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112265

Hua Wang , Jian Bi , Mei Hua , Ke Yan , Afshin Afshari

Supervised learning methods demonstrated high classification accuracy for air handling unit (AHU) automated fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) scenarios with well-shaped training datasets. However, for imbalanced training datasets, i.e., much less real-world fault training data samples against an enormous amount of normal data samples, the supervised learning-based methods failed to produce satisfactory FDD results. To address the above-mentioned issue, this study proposes a semi-supervised conditional Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (CWGAN-GP) to generate high-quality synthetic fault training samples. The semi-supervised learning-based AHU AFDD framework is completed by identifying high-quality synthetic fault samples and inserting them into the training pool iteratively. With different numbers of real-world fault samples, comparative experiments are conducted on datasets collected by ASHRAE project RP-1312 in the summer and winter seasons. The experimental results show that the proposed AFDD method has obvious advantages over the traditional method with limited numbers of real-world fault samples. Moreover, the proposed CWGAN-GP-SSL framework achieves superior AFDD performance compared to the existing GAN-based AHU AFDD method.

有监督学习方法在空气处理机组（AHU）自动故障检测和诊断（FDD）场景中，在训练数据集形状良好的情况下，显示出较高的分类准确性。然而，对于不平衡的训练数据集，即现实世界中的故障训练数据样本少于大量正常数据样本，基于监督学习的方法无法产生令人满意的故障检测与诊断结果。针对上述问题，本研究提出了一种带梯度惩罚的半监督条件瓦瑟斯坦生成对抗网络（CWGAN-GP），用于生成高质量的合成故障训练样本。基于半监督学习的 AHU AFDD 框架是通过识别高质量的合成故障样本并将其反复插入训练池来完成的。利用不同数量的真实故障样本，在 ASHRAE 项目 RP-1312 收集的夏季和冬季数据集上进行了对比实验。实验结果表明，在真实世界故障样本数量有限的情况下，所提出的 AFDD 方法与传统方法相比具有明显优势。此外，与现有的基于 GAN 的 AHU AFDD 方法相比，提出的 CWGAN-GP-SSL 框架实现了更优越的 AFDD 性能。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of realistic boundary conditions on CFD simulations: A case study of vehicle ventilation 现实边界条件对 CFD 模拟的影响：车辆通风案例研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112264

Florin Bode , Titus Joldos , Gabriel Mihai Sirbu , Paul Danca , Ilinca Nastase , Costin Coșoiu

In recent years, the accurate numerical simulation of airflow in vehicle cabins has become increasingly important for optimizing thermal comfort and energy efficiency. This study investigates the impact of realistic boundary conditions on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for vehicle ventilation systems. The research integrates detailed HVAC duct data to provide a more accurate representation of airflow characteristics, diverging from conventional approaches that often assume uniform inlet conditions. Using a 3D CFD model, airflow patterns were simulated under two scenarios, comparing a case with simplified boundary conditions to one incorporating detailed duct geometries and realistic conditions. The numerical model was validated using experimental data, including Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The findings reveal that using realistic boundary conditions significantly enhances the accuracy of airflow predictions, particularly regarding velocity distribution and thermal comfort. This work highlights the critical role of detailed boundary condition specification in improving the reliability of CFD simulations for vehicle ventilation and other personalized ventilation applications.

近年来，精确的车内气流数值模拟对于优化热舒适度和能源效率越来越重要。本研究探讨了现实边界条件对车辆通风系统计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟的影响。该研究整合了详细的暖通空调管道数据，以更准确地反映气流特性，与通常假设均匀入口条件的传统方法不同。利用三维 CFD 模型模拟了两种情况下的气流模式，将简化边界条件的情况与包含详细管道几何形状和现实条件的情况进行了比较。利用激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）和粒子图像测速仪（PIV）测量等实验数据对数值模型进行了验证。研究结果表明，使用逼真的边界条件可显著提高气流预测的准确性，尤其是在速度分布和热舒适度方面。这项工作强调了详细的边界条件规范在提高车辆通风和其他个性化通风应用的 CFD 模拟可靠性方面的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

How speech in acoustically different offices influences a working person? – Experiments in two countries 不同声学环境中的讲话如何影响上班族？- 在两个国家进行的实验

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112262

Jenni Radun , Jukka Keränen , Reijo Alakoivu , Isabel S. Schiller , Sabine J. Schlittmeier , Valtteri Hongisto

Working during task-irrelevant speech influences workers. Adequate room acoustic design can reduce the negative effects in open-plan offices, but harmonized target values do not exist. Our purpose was to examine the effects of room acoustic design levels on a working person during the exposure to task-irrelevant speech. The Finnish room acoustic regulation was chosen as a reference, as it is one of the strictest worldwide. Three room acoustic conditions were examined: regulation violated (Reg-) (Speech Transmission Index, STI=0.71), regulation fulfilled (Reg0) (STI=0.37), and regulation surpassed (Reg+) (STI=0.16). To examine the generalizability of the results, a similar experiment was performed in two countries (two languages and laboratories): Finland and Germany (FinGer study, N = 98). Experience was measured with questionnaires, performance with visual and auditory serial recall tasks, and physiological stress with heart rate variability. Results did not depend on the country, suggesting that our findings could be similar also in other countries. Speech annoyance and perceived concentration difficulty differed in each condition. With other experience measures, only Reg+ improved experience compared to the two other conditions. Visual serial recall performance was more accurate and faster in Reg+ than in Reg-. Accuracy was also improved in Reg0 compared to Reg-. The physiological stress levels did not depend on the condition. Our study shows that Reg0 was better than Reg- with respect to experience and performance but experience was further improved from Reg0 to Reg+. Therefore, it is beneficial to design room acoustics better than the Finnish regulation to maximize work performance and experience.

在与任务无关的讲话中工作会影响工人。适当的室内声学设计可以减少开放式办公室的负面影响，但目前还没有统一的目标值。我们的目的是研究室内声学设计水平对工作时暴露于与任务无关的讲话中的工作人员的影响。我们选择了芬兰的室内声学法规作为参考，因为它是世界上最严格的法规之一。研究了三种室内声学条件：违反规定（Reg-）（语音传输指数，STI=0.71）、符合规定（Reg0）（STI=0.37）和超过规定（Reg+）（STI=0.16）。为了检验结果的普遍性，我们在两个国家（两种语言和实验室）进行了类似的实验：芬兰和德国（FinGer 研究，N = 98）。实验采用问卷调查法测量体验，采用视觉和听觉序列回忆任务测量表现，采用心率变异性测量生理压力。结果与国家无关，这表明我们的研究结果在其他国家也可能类似。在每种情况下，语言烦恼和感知到的注意力集中难度都有所不同。在其他体验测量中，只有 Reg+ 比其他两种条件下的体验更好。与 Reg- 相比，Reg+ 的视觉连续回忆表现更准确、更快速。与 Reg- 相比，Reg0 的准确性也有所提高。生理压力水平与条件无关。我们的研究表明，就经验和成绩而言，Reg0 比 Reg- 更好，但从 Reg0 到 Reg+，经验得到了进一步改善。因此，设计出比芬兰规定更好的室内声学效果，有利于最大限度地提高工作绩效和体验。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing light environments in aquatics center to enhance the performance of Olympic champions and other elite swimmers: An experimental study 优化游泳中心的光环境，提高奥运冠军和其他精英游泳运动员的成绩：实验研究

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112263

Peijun Wen , Liya He , Jie Li , Xiaodong Hu

Several major international sports events in the next five years require new sports venues, with lighting environments being a crucial factor. Typically, the lighting systems in sports venues are primarily for illumination. However, since light has been indicated to affect human psychology and physiology, we investigated whether the light environments in sports buildings impact athletic performance. Additionally, swimming is the indoor sport with the most gold medals in the Olympics. Therefore, we conducted a within-subject, randomized crossover study in an aquatics center with fourteen elite swimmers, including the Olympic champions and Asian champions (6 female and 8 male; 19.3 ± 3.4 years of age). During the experiment, the elite swimmers were exposed to either a common correlated color temperature (CCT) light environment (controlled condition: 5780 K) or an experimental light environment (8512 K) in the aquatics center, with both having the same illuminance (1020 lx). The neurobehavioral and swimming test results showed that the Olympic champions and other elite swimmers had significantly faster responses, fewer lapses, greater arousal, less visual fatigue, quicker reactions at start, and higher swimming speeds in the experimental condition compared to the controlled condition (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the light environment in the aquatics center affects swimmers' non-visual performance and enhancing the CCT of the light environment could improve swimmers' performance. We propose the concepts of Sports Lighting Beyond Illumination and Sports Human-Centric Lighting to enhance athletes’ health and performance, and to improve the sports environment for a better experience for all participants.

未来五年内将有几项大型国际体育赛事需要新建体育场馆，其中照明环境是一个关键因素。通常，体育场馆的照明系统主要用于照明。然而，由于光对人的心理和生理有影响，我们对体育建筑中的光环境是否会影响运动成绩进行了调查。此外，游泳是奥运会上获得金牌最多的室内运动项目。因此，我们在游泳中心对 14 名精英游泳运动员（包括奥运冠军和亚洲冠军，女 6 人，男 8 人；年龄 19.3 ± 3.4 岁）进行了受试者内随机交叉研究。在实验过程中，精英游泳运动员被置于游泳中心的普通相关色温（CCT）光环境（控制条件：5780 K）或实验光环境（8512 K）中，两者的照度相同（1020 lx）。神经行为和游泳测试结果表明，与对照条件相比，实验条件下奥运冠军和其他精英游泳运动员的反应明显更快、失误更少、唤醒程度更高、视觉疲劳更轻、起始反应更快、游泳速度更高（p <0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，游泳中心的光环境会影响游泳者的非视觉表现，提高光环境的 CCT 可以提高游泳者的表现。我们提出了 "超越照明的体育照明 "和 "以人为本的体育照明 "的概念，以提高运动员的健康水平和成绩，并改善体育环境，为所有参与者带来更好的体验。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of supply water temperature on frosting performance of air source heat pump and indoor thermal environment in space heating 供水温度对空气源热泵结霜性能和空间供暖室内热环境的影响

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112258

Wei Wang , Haoran Di , Rui Tang , Wenzhe Wei , Yuying Sun , Chuanmin Dai

During the space heating in winter, the air source heat pump (ASHP) often encounters frosting problem. In former studies, it was found that the frosting performance of ASHP and indoor thermal environment vary significantly when the supply water temperature changes. However, the influence mechanism of supply water temperature is still unknown. To solve this problem, the frosting performance variations of ASHP and its effect on indoor thermal environment variations at the supply water temperature of 41–50 ℃ were investigated in the psychrometric chamber and artificial environmental chamber, respectively. Results showed that increasing supply water temperature can effectively suppress the frosting speed and reduce the impact of frosting-defrosting on indoor thermal environment. When the supply water temperature raises from 30 ℃ to 50 ℃, the frosting duration prolongs from 50 min to 101 min. Meanwhile, the indoor temperature drop caused by frosting-defrosting decreased by about 45 % when supply water temperature rises from 41 ℃ to 50 ℃. Besides, with the increase of supply water temperature, the impact of frosting on the heating performance of the ASHP decreases. When it rises from 30 ℃ to 50 ℃, the attenuation degree of the average coefficient of performance during frosting-defrosting cycle drops from 9.85 % to 7.25 %, compared to those at non-frosting condition. However, although the frosting performance of ASHP and its effect on indoor thermal environment both get better with the increase of supply water temperature, the overall heating performance of the ASHP still declines.

在冬季空间供暖过程中，空气源热泵（ASHP）经常会遇到结霜问题。以往的研究发现，当供水温度变化时，ASHP 的结霜性能和室内热环境会发生显著变化。然而，供水温度的影响机制尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们分别在心率室和人工环境室中研究了供水温度为 41-50 ℃ 时 ASHP 的结霜性能变化及其对室内热环境变化的影响。结果表明，提高供水温度可有效抑制结霜速度，减少结霜-化霜对室内热环境的影响。当供水温度从 30 ℃ 升至 50 ℃ 时，结霜持续时间从 50 分钟延长至 101 分钟。同时，当供水温度从 41 ℃ 升至 50 ℃ 时，结霜-除霜引起的室内温度下降约为 45%。此外，随着供水温度的升高，结霜对 ASHP 制热性能的影响也会减小。当供水温度从 30 ℃ 升至 50 ℃ 时，与不结霜条件下相比，结霜-化霜循环期间平均性能系数的衰减程度从 9.85 % 降至 7.25 %。然而，虽然 ASHP 的结霜性能和对室内热环境的影响都随着供水温度的升高而改善，但 ASHP 的整体供热性能仍在下降。

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