Building and Environment最新文献_第8页

Enhancing cross-individual generalizability of thermal sensation prediction in dynamic environments: integrating physiological, emotional, and environmental features 增强动态环境中热感觉预测的跨个体普遍性：整合生理、情绪和环境特征

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114210

Yingle Wei , Yunsong Han , Qihui Zhang , Hongji Cui , Biaoqing Tao , Xiran Cui

Thermal perception prediction is essential for occupant-centered thermal environment control. However, current thermal perception models prioritize individual-level accuracy while neglecting cross-individual generalizability, limiting their applicability in spaces with frequently changing occupants. This study examined emotion–thermal coupling and developed both personalized and generalized thermal sensation prediction models using eight machine learning (ML) algorithms for known and unknown individuals. Notably, this study is the first to reveal significant sex differences in emotional dominance, with males exhibiting a stronger sense of control than females under cold and hot thermal conditions. Under dynamic thermal environments, thermal sensation showed weak correlations with physiological signals, whereas associations with emotional states remained robust. Predicting thermal sensation also proved more challenging in dynamic than in steady-state conditions, particularly for unseen individuals. Nevertheless, ambient temperature, thermal conditions considering the temperature change direction (TC-TCD), and emotional states significantly enhanced model cross-individual generalizability. Personalized model accuracies reached 94.97% for males and 96.49% for females, while generalized model accuracies improved from 58.75% to 81.31% for males and from 71.15% to 85.61% for females. Emotional states were key predictors of thermal sensation, primarily driven by valence, which exhibited a clear U-shaped relationship with thermal sensation votes (TSV). Finally, high generalizability was achievable with only five features, with generalized model accuracies decreasing by merely 0.67% for males and 0.59% for females. By integrating environmental and emotional information, this study significantly advances the cross-individual generalizability of thermal sensation prediction.

热感知预测对于以乘员为中心的热环境控制至关重要。然而，目前的热感知模型优先考虑个体层面的准确性，而忽略了跨个体的普遍性，限制了它们在经常更换居住者的空间中的适用性。本研究考察了情绪-热耦合，并使用八种机器学习（ML）算法为已知和未知个体开发了个性化和广义热感觉预测模型。值得注意的是，这项研究首次揭示了情绪支配的显著性别差异，在寒冷和炎热的温度条件下，男性表现出比女性更强的控制感。在动态热环境下，热感觉与生理信号的相关性较弱，而与情绪状态的相关性较强。预测热感觉在动态条件下比在稳态条件下更具挑战性，特别是对于看不见的个体。然而，环境温度、考虑温度变化方向的热条件（TC-TCD）和情绪状态显著增强了模型的跨个体泛化性。男性的个性化模型准确率为94.97%，女性为96.49%，而男性的广义模型准确率从58.75%提高到81.31%，女性从71.15%提高到85.61%。情绪状态是热感觉的关键预测因子，主要由效价驱动，与热感觉投票呈明显的u型关系。最后，仅用5个特征即可实现高泛化性，男性模型的泛化精度仅下降0.67%，女性模型的泛化精度仅下降0.59%。通过整合环境和情绪信息，本研究显著提高了热感觉预测的跨个体推广能力。

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引用次数: 0

CFD model validation and mesh resolution reduction strategies for complex louvred openings 复杂百叶开口的CFD模型验证和网格分辨率降低策略

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114207

Laura Annabelle Bugenings , Philipp Ostmann , Aliakbar Kamari , Li Rong

Rising outdoor temperatures, the absence of effective overheating mitigation strategies and upcoming renovations contribute to a decrease in summer thermal comfort in homes. This heightens the need to provide occupants with adequate passive cooling strategies to avoid the use of energy-intensive active cooling systems. Louvred openings enable occupants to extend the well-established passive cooling strategy of natural ventilation to nighttime, periods of absence, and non-ideal weather conditions. As numerical investigations of indoor environmental quality for these systems are rare and validated CFD models do not exist, this study aims to validate a CFD model by conducting full-scale experiments, testing different turbulence models, and assessing the impact of radiation. Furthermore, various strategies to reduce the large number of mesh cells, caused by the complex geometry of the louvre, are studied. The final model shows good performance for low-velocity zones. In zones with higher velocity, namely the flow entry zone after the louvre, the model tends to overpredict velocities. No turbulence model is superior. Radiation modelling did not significantly improve the model performance but drastically increased the computational resources. The best strategy to reduce the mesh (by 63%) was the porous media model, which also improved the prediction of the high-velocity inflow zone. Additionally, allowing for higher surface curvature deviation did not significantly impact the flow but resulted in a 30% reduction of mesh cells.

室外温度上升，缺乏有效的过热缓解策略和即将进行的装修，导致夏季家庭热舒适度下降。这就需要为居住者提供足够的被动冷却策略，以避免使用能源密集型的主动冷却系统。百叶开口使居住者能够将自然通风的被动冷却策略扩展到夜间，缺席期间和非理想的天气条件。由于这些系统的室内环境质量的数值研究很少，并且没有经过验证的CFD模型，因此本研究旨在通过进行全尺寸实验，测试不同的湍流模型以及评估辐射的影响来验证CFD模型。此外，还研究了各种策略，以减少由于卢浮宫复杂的几何形状造成的大量网格单元。最后的模型在低速区表现出良好的性能。在流速较大的区域，即浮叶后的入流区，模型容易出现流速过高的情况。没有任何湍流模型是优越的。辐射建模并没有显著提高模型的性能，但却大大增加了计算资源。减少网格（63%）的最佳策略是多孔介质模型，这也提高了对高速流入区的预测。此外，允许更高的表面曲率偏差不会显著影响流量，但会导致网格单元减少30%。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study of single-sided ventilation through a roof opening using isolated generic models 采用隔离通用模型的屋顶开口单侧通风试验研究

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114206

Yuanyuan Lin, Mats Sandberg, Mathias Cehlin, Leif Claesson, Hans Wigö

Previous studies have rarely addressed single-sided ventilation driven by the external flow over the roof, which exhibits considerable potential owing to its highly turbulent nature and strong suction associated with leading-edge flow separation. In this study, wind tunnel experiments on single-sided ventilation through a roof opening were conducted using two isolated generic models: a cylinder and a rectangular prism, each with a set of replaceable openings. Both models were tested either flush- or floor-mounted. Two inflow conditions, each with three free-stream velocities, were considered. For both models mounted beneath the floor, the nondimensional ventilation rates (Q*) are comparable to values reported in the literature; for the prism, a slight increase in Q* with orientation suggests the development of a mixing layer along the streamwise extent of the floor-level opening. In the floor-mounted configuration, body-induced flow disturbances tend to enhance ventilation. Three primary governing rooftop flow regimes are identified—recirculation zone, flow reattachment, and conical vortex—whose relative dominance over the opening depends on inflow turbulence, wind incidence angle, and model configuration. When the opening lies entirely within the recirculation zone, Q* is proportional to the normalized local fluctuation intensity, with a coefficient of about 0.16. For certain yaw angles, the marked increase in Q* strongly correlates with the presence of a conical vortex over the prism model roof, which features strong suction and intense fluctuations. Direct advection through the opening could occur with a favorable opening size and location, allowing deep penetration of the reattaching shear layer.

以往的研究很少涉及由顶部外部气流驱动的单面通风，由于其高湍流性质和与前缘气流分离相关的强吸力，该通风具有相当大的潜力。在这项研究中，通过屋顶开口进行单面通风的风洞实验使用两个孤立的通用模型：圆柱体和矩形棱镜，每个模型都有一组可更换的开口。两种型号都进行了平装或落地式测试。考虑了两种入流条件，每种入流条件具有三种自由流速度。对于安装在地板下的两种模型，无因次通风量（Q*）与文献中报道的值相当；对于棱镜，Q*随方向的轻微增加表明沿底板开口的流向范围形成了混合层。在地板安装的配置中，身体引起的气流干扰倾向于增强通风。确定了三种主要的屋顶流动模式——再循环区、流动再附着和锥形涡——它们对开口的相对优势取决于流入湍流、风入射角和模型配置。当开口完全位于回流区内时，Q*与归一化的局部波动强度成正比，系数约为0.16。对于某些偏航角，Q*的显著增加与棱柱模型顶部锥形涡的存在密切相关，该涡具有强吸力和强烈波动。通过开口的直接平流可以在有利的开口尺寸和位置发生，允许重新附着的剪切层深入穿透。

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引用次数: 0

Linking sleep quality, thermal comfort, and performance: Evidence from naturally ventilated classrooms in warm-humid climate 连接睡眠质量、热舒适和性能：来自温暖潮湿气候下自然通风教室的证据

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114208

Samar Thapa , Goutam Kumar Panda , Sudip Barman

Ensuring thermally comfortable and healthy indoor environments in educational buildings is vital for sustainability. This is more crucial in warm-humid regions of the global south, where reliance on air-conditioning threatens energy goals along with economic costs. However, no field studies in India have examined how previous-night sleep quality modulates the next-day thermal comfort perception and learning performance in naturally-ventilated (NV) classrooms. This study investigates the interplay between sleep quality, thermal comfort, and learning performance in NV classrooms, emphasizing the role of low-energy adaptive strategies. “Right-here-right-now” field studies (N = 430) were conducted in 11 classrooms, combining indoor environmental monitoring with self-reported thermal sensation and perceived (and model estimated) performance. Sleep-quality was measured using a modified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) by considering 5 out of 7 components as relevant with our student cohort and recall period of previous-night (instead of 30 days). Significant seasonal differences in clothing insulation and factors of thermal comfort were seen. Sleep quality exhibited a greater gender difference, with an inferior sleep among female than in males (mean PSQI 4.42 versus 2.83). Further, sleep quality significantly influenced both thermal comfort responses (higher/inferior PSQI associated with extreme sensation and preference) and relative performance. By linking previous-night sleep to daytime thermal experience and estimated performance, this study illustrates that sleep quality amplifies thermal stress on concentration and learning outcomes in student population and thus underscores the societal importance of health-centred indoor climate strategies for educational equity, energy efficiency and urban sustainability.

确保教育建筑的热舒适和健康的室内环境对可持续性至关重要。这在全球南方温暖潮湿的地区更为重要，那里对空调的依赖威胁着能源目标和经济成本。然而，在印度没有实地研究考察了前一晚的睡眠质量如何调节第二天在自然通风（NV）教室中的热舒适感知和学习表现。本研究探讨了NV教室中睡眠质量、热舒适和学习表现之间的相互作用，强调了低能量适应策略的作用。“此时此地”实地研究（N = 430）在11间教室中进行，将室内环境监测与自我报告的热感觉和感知（和模型估计）性能相结合。睡眠质量的测量使用改进的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI），通过考虑与我们的学生群体和前一天晚上的回忆期（而不是30天）相关的7个组成部分中的5个组成部分。在服装隔热和热舒适因素上有显著的季节差异。睡眠质量表现出更大的性别差异，女性的睡眠质量比男性差（平均PSQI为4.42比2.83）。此外，睡眠质量显著影响热舒适反应（与极端感觉和偏好相关的PSQI高/低）和相对表现。通过将前一天晚上的睡眠与白天的热体验和估计表现联系起来，该研究表明，睡眠质量会放大学生群体集中注意力和学习成果的热压力，从而强调以健康为中心的室内气候策略对教育公平、能源效率和城市可持续性的社会重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic removal of wheel/rail-derived UFPs in the metro environment using a near-source electrostatic purification system 使用近源静电净化系统动态去除地铁环境中车轮/轨道产生的ufp

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114204

Shuai Liu , Yanling Na , Chongxu Jiang , Zhuangbo Feng

The metal-containing particles (Fe/Ni/Cr/Mn) generated from wheel-rail abrasion account for approximately 90% of the particulate matter in metro carriages and on platforms. The metal UFPs (ultrafine particles) pose more severe health risks due to their small size and high toxicity. Previous studies have proposed near-source UFPs purifiers installed beneath metro carriage to dynamically capture rail-derived UFPs before they disperse widely within tunnels. However, limited attentions have been given to the interaction between complex tunnel airflow and the purifiers attached to a metro carriage, remaining challenges for practical engineering applications. This study proposes a two-stage electrostatic precipitator (with two charging zones in both its upstream and downstream ends) installed beneath the metro carriage, which employs a dynamic ionized electric field to directly capture rail-derived UFPs. To enable the quantitative design of the electrostatic purification system, this study develops a systematic numerical model, encompassing tunnel piston wind and air turbulence, UFPs emission and dispersion, and electrostatic purification processes. The numerical model of electrostatic precipitator is a typical dynamic multi-physics field model. Numerical models have been employed to predict unsteady tunnel airflow, UFPs distribution, and transient electrostatic purification efficiency under the influence of metro motion. Finally, the spatial layout and key design parameters of electrostatic precipitator are numerically optimized, aiming at high-efficiently remove the rail-derived UFPs and mitigate occupant health risk in metro system.

轮轨磨损产生的含金属颗粒（Fe/Ni/Cr/Mn）约占地铁车厢和站台颗粒物的90%。金属超细颗粒由于体积小、毒性大，对人体健康的危害更大。先前的研究建议在地铁车厢下方安装近源ufp净化器，以便在ufp在隧道内广泛扩散之前动态捕获轨道来源的ufp。然而，对于复杂隧道气流与地铁车厢上的净化器之间的相互作用，人们的关注有限，这对实际工程应用仍然是一个挑战。本研究提出了一种安装在地铁车厢下方的两级静电除尘器（在其上游和下游两端都有两个充电区），该除尘器采用动态电离电场直接捕获轨道衍生的ufp。为了实现静电净化系统的定量设计，本研究建立了一个系统的数值模型，包括隧道活塞风和空气湍流、ufp发射和扩散以及静电净化过程。静电除尘器的数值模型是典型的动态多物理场模型。采用数值模型对地铁运动影响下的非定常隧道气流、ufp分布和瞬态静电净化效率进行了预测。最后，对静电除尘器的空间布局和关键设计参数进行了数值优化，以高效去除轨道源ufp，降低地铁系统中乘员的健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Heat waves in buildings: A review of detection methods and performance assessment 建筑物中的热浪：检测方法和性能评估综述

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114205

Matheus Körbes Bracht, Ana Paula Melo, Roberto Lamberts

Heat waves are among the most critical climate hazards, threatening both human health and the resilience of energy systems. Despite increasing attention in recent years, research on the interaction between heat waves and building thermal performance remains heterogeneous, with varied definitions and metrics across studies. This study presents a systematic review dedicated to this topic, analyzing 93 peer-reviewed articles to identify how heat waves are defined, detected, and linked to building performance and occupant well-being. Heat wave detection methods were categorized into climatological (absolute or relative threshold definitions), commonly accepted events, and simulation based. The relative threshold definition was identified as an effective method for selecting heat waves for building performance analysis. However, recent studies using simulation-based detection methods showed that external heat waves do not necessarily coincide with periods of extreme indoor heat. Investigators recommend using comprehensive heat stress indicators for simulation-based detection in future studies, while noting that current indices generally fail to capture cumulative heat stress. Vulnerability is also unevenly addressed, with comfort models still centered on young, healthy adults. In parallel, emerging metamodels offer opportunities to reduce the computational burden of large simulation studies. Finally, results indicate that peak cooling demand can arise during heat wave events that differ from those most critical for indoor environmental quality. Close collaboration among thermal simulation experts, meteorologists, public health officials, and urban planners is needed to develop comprehensive heat wave definitions and heat warning systems tailored to local contexts.

热浪是最严重的气候灾害之一，威胁着人类健康和能源系统的复原力。尽管近年来受到越来越多的关注，但对热浪与建筑热性能之间相互作用的研究仍然是异质的，在不同的研究中有不同的定义和指标。本研究对这一主题进行了系统回顾，分析了93篇同行评议的文章，以确定热浪是如何定义、检测的，并将其与建筑性能和居住者福祉联系起来。热浪探测方法分为气候学（绝对或相对阈值定义）、普遍接受的事件和基于模拟的方法。相对阈值定义是建筑性能分析中选择热浪的有效方法。然而，最近使用基于模拟的检测方法的研究表明，外部热浪并不一定与室内极端高温的时期一致。研究人员建议在未来的研究中使用综合热应力指标进行基于模拟的检测，同时注意到目前的指标通常无法捕获累积热应力。脆弱性也得到了不均衡的处理，舒适模型仍然以年轻健康的成年人为中心。同时，新兴的元模型为减少大型模拟研究的计算负担提供了机会。最后，研究结果表明，峰值制冷需求可能出现在热浪事件期间，而这些热浪事件与对室内环境质量最关键的事件不同。热模拟专家、气象学家、公共卫生官员和城市规划者之间需要密切合作，以开发适合当地情况的综合热浪定义和热预警系统。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-constraint physics-informed generative adversarial networks (PIGAN) enable small-data learning for urban wind field prediction 多约束物理信息生成对抗网络（PIGAN）为城市风场预测提供了小数据学习

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114202

Yihan Wu , Zihan Cao , Yubin Lei , Yuxuan Han , Man Yuan , Lihui Wang , Xingang Zhou

Urban wind field prediction is critical for air quality assessment, pedestrian comfort evaluation, and sustainable city design. Traditional computational fluid dynamics methods impose prohibitive computational costs, while conventional deep learning approaches demand datasets with excessive samples. We introduce a physics-informed generative adversarial network (PIGAN) framework achieving practical predictions using only around 200 training samples. Taking building height data as input, our model simultaneously predicts horizontal velocity components (u, v), turbulent kinetic energy (κ), and Reynolds stress (τ). A customized four-component physics-informed loss enforces continuity, x-momentum, y-momentum, and eddy viscosity constraints through staged training that progressively introduces reconstruction, adversarial, and physics objectives. This prevents convergence degradation, achieving L1 loss of 2.385 compared to 4.116 for simultaneous loss function optimization. Ablation studies demonstrate multi-constraint integration reduces RMSE by 11-36% across predicted variables, with physics losses providing strong regularization capacities. On realistic urban test sets from various countries, the framework achieves R² of 0.60 for u and 0.42 for κ. Transfer learning to idealized geometries demonstrates considerably stronger performance (R² = 0.92 for u, 0.80 for v), validating that the framework learns generalizable flow physics. Monte Carlo dropout with variance scaling calibration achieves near-ideal coverage, with prediction interval coverage probability (PICP) of 92.3-92.7%. Spatial uncertainty analysis finds reliable performance in open areas but elevated uncertainty in building wakes and street canyon intersections where 2D steady-state assumptions break down. Our study establishes a framework for physics-constrained machine learning in data-scarce environmental modeling, which enables real-time, risk-sensitive urban planning and design applications.

城市风场预测对空气质量评价、行人舒适度评价和可持续城市设计具有重要意义。传统的计算流体动力学方法带来了高昂的计算成本，而传统的深度学习方法需要大量样本的数据集。我们引入了一个物理信息生成对抗网络（PIGAN）框架，仅使用大约200个训练样本实现实际预测。该模型以建筑物高度数据为输入，同时预测水平速度分量（u, v）、湍流动能（κ）和雷诺应力（τ）。定制的四组分物理损失通过分阶段训练，逐步引入重建、对抗和物理目标，加强了连续性、x动量、y动量和涡流粘度约束。这可以防止收敛退化，实现L1损失为2.385，而同时损失函数优化的L1损失为4.116。消融研究表明，多约束集成可将预测变量的RMSE降低11-36%，物理损失提供了强大的正则化能力。在来自不同国家的现实城市测试集上，该框架的R²为0.60的u和0.42的κ。向理想化几何的迁移学习显示出相当强的性能（u的R²= 0.92，v的R²= 0.80），验证了该框架学习了可推广的流动物理。方差标度校正的蒙特卡罗dropout覆盖接近理想，预测区间覆盖概率（PICP）为92.3-92.7%。空间不确定性分析发现，在开放区域具有可靠的性能，但在建筑物尾迹和街道峡谷路口的不确定性较高，其中二维稳态假设失效。我们的研究为数据稀缺环境建模中物理约束的机器学习建立了一个框架，使实时、风险敏感的城市规划和设计应用成为可能。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of localized radiant heating effectiveness and physiological response in an electric vehicle cabin 电动汽车舱内局部辐射加热效能及生理反应评价

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114203

Mohammad F.B. Suhaimi , Woo Geun Kim , Chung-Won Cho , Jung Kyung Kim , Hyunjin Lee

Electric vehicles lose range in winter because heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems require substantial battery power. Bulk air heating remains the common solution but is inefficient at low ambient temperatures. Localized radiant heating (LRH) offers a targeted alternative that can reduce energy use, although quantitative evidence on segmental physiological warming under realistic cabin conditions is still limited. This study developed a physiology-based framework to evaluate LRH effectiveness using a validated thermophysiological model. Experimental heater-on skin temperatures were validated with a root mean square error threshold of 1.0 C over a forty-minute window A matched heater-off reference was generated by re-simulating the validated model with radiant panels inactive. The LRH signal, defined as the skin temperature difference between heater-on and heater-off states for each body segment, isolates the direct physiological contribution of radiant heating. Localized radiant heating produced detectable warming in distal segments. The analysis applied indicator metrics that quantify warming magnitude, duration above a 0.5 C physiological detection threshold, and an exposure-weighted projection ratio that reflects radiant access. When considered together, these indicators allowed the body segments to be classified into LRH-driven, LRH-assisted, and constrained zones, representing the combined effects of radiant exposure and local physiological response. The framework provides a physiology-based foundation for identifying effective heating zones in electric vehicle cabins. It also establishes the basis for future work that combines the present objective indicators with subjective comfort metrics to determine design parameters for key heating zones and to support multi-objective optimization involving comfort, energy use, and cost.

电动汽车在冬天会失去行驶里程，因为供暖、通风和空调系统需要大量的电池电量。大量空气加热仍然是常见的解决方案，但在低环境温度下效率不高。局部辐射供暖（LRH）提供了一种有针对性的替代方案，可以减少能源使用，尽管在实际客舱条件下，局部生理供暖的定量证据仍然有限。本研究开发了一个基于生理学的框架，使用一个经过验证的热生理学模型来评估LRH的有效性。在40分钟的窗口内，以均方根误差阈值1.0 C验证了实验加热器打开的皮肤温度。通过重新模拟验证过的模型，在辐射板不活动的情况下，生成了匹配的加热器关闭参考。LRH信号被定义为每个身体部位开加热器和关加热器状态下的皮肤温度差，它隔离了辐射加热的直接生理贡献。局部辐射加热在远端节段产生可检测的升温。该分析应用了量化变暖幅度、高于0.5℃生理检测阈值的持续时间以及反映辐射通道的暴露加权投影比的指标度量。综合考虑这些指标，可以将身体部分划分为lrh驱动区、lrh辅助区和受限区，代表辐射暴露和局部生理反应的综合效应。该框架为确定电动汽车舱室的有效加热区域提供了基于生理学的基础。它还为未来的工作奠定了基础，将目前的客观指标与主观舒适度指标相结合，以确定关键供暖区域的设计参数，并支持涉及舒适度、能源使用和成本的多目标优化。

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引用次数: 0

From open plan to cooler meeting rooms (and back): Evidence of sex-specific psychophysiological responses to indoor–indoor transitions 从开放式计划到更凉爽的会议室（和回来）：性别对室内-室内过渡的心理生理反应的证据

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114200

Mateus Bavaresco , Larissa Pereira de Souza , Matheus Körbes Bracht , Matheus Soares Geraldi , Michelli Luvison , Ana Paula Melo

Indoor thermal transitions are common in offices but remain understudied, especially considering their potential sex-specific effects on occupants’ thermoregulation and thermal perceptions. This study investigated thermophysiological and perceptual responses to indoor-to-indoor transitions in a living lab. Twelve participants (six males, six females) completed three experimental rounds, each involving step-changes from a warmer open-plan office (PMV 0.46 ± 0.24) to a cooler meeting room (PMV –0.43 ± 0.35), and back. Skin temperatures, heart rate, thermal sensation, and thermal pleasure were continuously monitored, and the JOS-3 thermoregulation model was applied to simulate and compare predicted thermal dynamics. Results revealed pronounced sex-specific differences: females exhibited stronger distal-to-proximal gradients and lower hand temperatures than males, persisting even after returning to the warmer environment. These patterns indicate that routine indoor transitions can induce temporal and spatial alliesthesia that differ between sexes. Regarding thermal perceptions, females displayed larger overshoots in thermal sensation when entering cooler spaces, consistent with their skin heat loss. Thermal pleasure was slightly lower in females across both transitions, while the cooler room elicited higher pleasure in both sexes, likely reflecting occupants’ expectations in hot climates. Comparisons with JOS-3 simulations indicated accurate capture of overall thermal dynamics but underestimation of sex-specific distal cooling. These findings underscore the importance of considering sex-specific thermophysiological responses in indoor environments and support the development of adaptive comfort strategies and refined physiological models.

室内热转换在办公室中很常见，但仍未得到充分研究，特别是考虑到它们对居住者的温度调节和热感知的潜在性别特异性影响。本研究调查了室内到室内过渡的热生理和知觉反应。12名参与者（6男6女）完成了三轮实验，每一轮都包括从温暖的开放式办公室（PMV 0.46±0.24）到凉爽的会议室（PMV -0.43±0.35），然后再回来。连续监测皮肤温度、心率、热感觉和热愉悦，并应用JOS-3热调节模型模拟和比较预测的热动力学。结果显示了明显的性别差异：女性表现出较强的远端到近端梯度和较低的手部温度，即使在返回较温暖的环境后也会持续存在。这些模式表明，常规的室内过渡可以诱导不同性别的时间和空间联觉。在热感知方面，女性在进入较冷的空间时表现出更大的热感觉超调，这与她们的皮肤热损失一致。在两个过渡阶段，女性的热愉悦感都略低，而凉爽的房间会让两性都感到更高的愉悦感，这可能反映了居住者对炎热气候的期望。与JOS-3模拟的比较表明，它准确地捕获了整体热动力学，但低估了性别特异性的远端冷却。这些发现强调了在室内环境中考虑性别特异性热生理反应的重要性，并支持适应性舒适策略和精细生理模型的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Source term estimation based on the reduced-order adjoint equation 基于降阶伴随方程的源项估计

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114197

Yichen Zhang , Xuanyi Zhou , Jianjie Zhu , Hideki Kikumoto

To enhance the efficiency of pollutant source identification for emergency scenarios, a novel source term estimation (STE) method based on the reduced-order model (ROM) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the original (full-order) adjoint equation is projected onto a Krylov subspace to achieve the model order reduction, thereby enabling the rapid solution of the reduced-order adjoint equation. The solution of full-order model (FOM) can be reconstructed by combining the solution of ROM with the projection matrix. Finally, the STE process is accomplished by incorporating the measured concentrations and the simulated concentrations (i.e. the solution of numerical simulation) into Bayesian inference. In this study, the performances of STE based on two type ROM (the single-input and the multiple-input) are investigated. The results demonstrate that the multiple-input ROM yields higher estimation accuracy than the single-input ROM. Furthermore, the discrepancies between ROM and FOM are analyzed. Under an idealized condition (the simulated results closely match measurement data), both FOM and ROM can estimate the source parameters accurately during the initial stage of STE, meaning ROM exhibits no distinct advantages in this scenario. However, under a non-idealized condition (the simulated results deviate from measurement data, a scenario that is more representative of real-world emergencies), accurate estimation results can only be obtained after acquiring sufficient long-term measurement data. Given that the computational cost of FOM scales linearly with simulation time while that of ROM scales with model order, ROM demonstrates a distinct efficiency advantage.

为了提高应急环境下污染源识别的效率，提出了一种基于降阶模型的污染源项估计方法。首先，将原（全阶）伴随方程投影到Krylov子空间上，实现模型降阶，从而实现降阶伴随方程的快速求解。将全阶模型（FOM）的解与投影矩阵相结合，可以重构全阶模型的解。最后，STE过程通过将测量浓度和模拟浓度（即数值模拟的解）合并到贝叶斯推理中来完成。本文研究了基于两种类型ROM（单输入和多输入）的STE的性能。结果表明，多输入ROM比单输入ROM具有更高的估计精度，并分析了ROM与FOM之间的差异。在理想条件下（模拟结果与测量数据接近），FOM和ROM都可以在STE初始阶段准确估计源参数，这意味着ROM在该场景中没有明显的优势。然而，在非理想条件下（模拟结果与测量数据偏离，更能代表现实世界突发事件的场景），只有在获得足够的长期测量数据后才能获得准确的估计结果。考虑到FOM的计算成本与仿真时间成线性关系，而ROM的计算成本与模型阶数成线性关系，ROM具有明显的效率优势。

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引用次数: 0