Building and Environment最新文献_第9页

Tactile heat risk in outdoor accessible infrastructure: Models, thresholds and mitigation 室外无障碍基础设施的触觉热风险：模型、阈值和缓解

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114147

Feng Shi, Wenjie Ma, Junsong Wang, Qinglin Meng

Outdoor accessible-facility surfaces (e.g., handrails, braille signage, seating) can reach painful temperatures during hot weather, yet design and operations lack a weather-to-safety method. Here, we test whether routine meteorological inputs can be translated into facility-level tactile safety grades. In this study, we combined a census of accessible facilities in Guangzhou with controlled outdoor experiments on 27 common materials under four exposure scenarios, recording shortwave/longwave radiation, air temperature, humidity, and wind. We developed parsimonious empirical models that predict surface temperature from weather and defined time-dependent pain/burn thresholds to form a tactile heat-safety index (THSI, L1–L5). Results show that shading consistently and substantially lowers surface temperatures; dominant drivers shift from shortwave+longwave coupling when unshaded to longwave plus air temperature under shade; and the models remain robust across materials and scenarios. Applying THSI, unshaded metal handrails and polished stone frequently fall below acceptable pain-safety levels, whereas shading upgrades them to safer classes; burn risk generally remains in higher safety classes. This framework converts weather directly into facility-level safety grades, providing a transferable, operational tool to prioritize shading and material treatments for inclusive, climate-adaptive public spaces.

室外无障碍设施的表面（如扶手、盲文标识、座椅）在炎热的天气可能会达到令人痛苦的温度，但设计和操作缺乏从天气到安全的方法。在这里，我们测试常规气象输入是否可以转化为设施级触觉安全等级。在本研究中，我们将广州地区的无障碍设施普查与27种常见材料在4种暴露情景下的对照室外实验相结合，记录了短波/长波辐射、空气温度、湿度和风。我们开发了简洁的经验模型，根据天气预测表面温度，并定义了与时间相关的疼痛/烧伤阈值，以形成触觉热安全指数（THSI, L1-L5）。结果表明，遮阳持续且显著地降低了地表温度；主要驱动因素由无遮荫时的短波+长波耦合转变为遮荫下的长波+气温耦合；而且这些模型在各种材料和场景中都是稳健的。采用THSI，未遮荫的金属扶手和抛光石材经常低于可接受的疼痛安全水平，而遮荫将它们升级到更安全的等级；烧伤风险一般仍处于较高的安全级别。该框架将天气直接转换为设施级别的安全等级，为包容性的气候适应性公共空间提供可转移的操作工具，以优先考虑遮阳和材料处理。

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引用次数: 0

Classroom visual fatigue indication and its determinants: Daylighting, learning media, and spatial factors 教室视疲劳指示及其影响因素：采光、学习媒介和空间因素

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114135

Christy Vidiyanti , Surjamanto Wonorahardjo , M Donny Koerniawan

The increasing reliance on digital learning media presents lighting challenges that can affect visual performance in classrooms. This study investigated visual fatigue in a classroom without artificial lighting by examining six daylight configurations (two window positions and three opening areas), three learning media types (non-lit, reflected-lit, and self-lit devices), and spatial factors (viewing distance and angle). Fifty university students participated in real-classroom experiments. Visual fatigue was assessed using an eye-symptom questionnaire, and the luminous environment was evaluated through illuminance and luminance measurements. Results showed that visual fatigue was significantly influenced by window position, daylight opening ratio, and their interaction with learning media. Rear-window classrooms produced higher fatigue levels than side-window classrooms, particularly with reflected-lit learning media. Low ambient illuminance and high luminance contrast between learning media and desk surfaces increased fatigue, as did frequent shifts in the field of view between near and far tasks. Regression analysis indicated significant contributions from eye illuminance, vertical wall luminance, temporal light modulation risk, and non-linear effects of viewing distance. Self-lit devices demonstrated the lowest and most stable fatigue levels under appropriate lighting (32–310 lx eye illuminance, 29–63 cd/m² vertical luminance). In contrast, reflected-lit devices consistently induced the highest fatigue due to the temporal light modulation characteristic. Non-lit devices required stronger ambient lighting to achieve acceptable clarity. These findings underscore the importance of aligning classroom lighting with the type of media and spatial design. Practical thresholds for illuminance and luminance are proposed to support healthier, more effective learning environments.

对数字学习媒体的日益依赖带来了照明方面的挑战，可能会影响教室的视觉表现。本研究通过检查六种日光配置（两个窗户位置和三个开口区域）、三种学习媒体类型（无光、反射光和自光设备）和空间因素（观看距离和角度）来调查无人工照明教室中的视觉疲劳。50名大学生参加了真实的课堂实验。使用眼症状问卷评估视疲劳，通过照度和亮度测量评估光环境。结果表明，窗的位置、开窗率及其与学习媒介的交互作用对视觉疲劳有显著影响。后窗教室比侧窗教室产生的疲劳程度更高，尤其是使用反光学习媒体的教室。低环境照度和学习媒体和桌面之间的高亮度对比增加了疲劳，就像在近距离和远距离任务之间频繁切换视野一样。回归分析表明，眼照度、垂直墙照度、时间光调制风险和观看距离的非线性效应对影响显著。在适当的照明（32-310 lx眼照度，29-63 cd/m²垂直照度）下，自光装置显示出最低和最稳定的疲劳水平。相反，由于时间光调制特性，反射光器件始终引起最高的疲劳。无照明设备需要更强的环境照明才能达到可接受的清晰度。这些发现强调了将教室照明与媒体类型和空间设计相结合的重要性。提出了实用的照度和亮度阈值，以支持更健康、更有效的学习环境。

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引用次数: 0

Improving far-UVC disinfection efficiency in portable devices: Optical enhancement and agent-based lamps’ layout optimization 提高便携式设备的远紫外线消毒效率：光学增强和基于试剂的灯具布局优化

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114138

Xunmei Wu , Huihui Zhang , Thomas S.T. Ng , Alvin C.K. Lai

This study investigated a portable 222 nm far ultraviolet C (far-UVC) air disinfection device by progressing through three key phases: model validation, followed by sequential enhancement, and culminating in real-room validation. The irradiance prediction and Eulerian CFD disinfection models were validated by measurements, with an average error of <5 %. Based on this validation, a sequential enhancement strategy was developed. The addition of reflective anodized aluminum not only increased the volume-averaged irradiance from 112.4 to 169.3 μW/cm², but also altered the light distribution, resulting in an improvement in disinfection efficiency from 49.3 % to 61.6 %. Further optimization using an agent-based actor–critic algorithm increased the volume-averaged irradiance to 175.8 μW/cm², raised the uniformity index from 0.51 to 0.61, and lifted the single-pass efficiency to 66.4 %. Validation in a room-sized chamber at an airflow rate of 84 m³/h showed that applying the baseline single-pass efficiency of 49.3 % would yield a UVC-induced decay rate k_uv of only 0.0333 min⁻¹, whereas the optimized device achieved 0.0466 min⁻¹—an improvement of about 39.9 %. These results confirm the effectiveness of irradiance enhancement and optimized lamp placement in improving device performance.

本研究对便携式222 nm远紫外线C （far- uvc）空气消毒装置进行了三个关键阶段的研究：模型验证，然后是顺序增强，最后是室内验证。实测验证了辐照度预测和欧拉CFD消毒模型，平均误差为5%。在此基础上，提出了一种序列增强策略。阳极氧化铝的加入不仅使体积平均辐照度从112.4 μW/cm²提高到169.3 μW/cm²，而且改变了光分布，使消毒效率从49.3%提高到61.6%。进一步优化后，采用基于agent的actor-critic算法，将体积平均辐照度提高到175.8 μW/cm²，均匀度指数从0.51提高到0.61，单通效率提高到66.4%。在一个房间大小的房间中，在84 m³/h的气流速率下进行验证，结果表明，采用49.3%的基准单次传递效率，uvc引起的衰减率kuv仅为0.0333分钟毒发展，而优化后的装置达到0.0466分钟毒发展，提高了39.9%。这些结果证实了辐照度增强和优化光源放置在提高器件性能方面的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of pedestrian-level percentile wind speeds with CNN models using fundamental statistics 基于基础统计的CNN模型预测行人水平的百分位风速

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114139

Mingxuan Wan , Yezhan Li , Naoki Ikegaya

Accurate prediction of percentile wind speeds, including both rare strong and weak winds, in urban environments is crucial for pedestrian safety and urban planning. Previous studies have successfully employed artificial neural network (ANN) models using high-order statistical inputs to predict percentile wind speeds. However, while most meteorological stations, wind-tunnel experiments, and computational fluid dynamics provide abundant second-order statistical data (mean and standard deviation), how to effectively reconstruct building-scale infrequent flow fields from such data remains a major challenge. This study proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) using only second-order statistical inputs derived from large-eddy simulation data of staggered building layouts to predict percentile wind speeds. To assess how input grid size affects performance, three CNN models with varying input grid sizes were evaluated, and the medium input grid size yielded a 10–20 % improvement in accuracy. Furthermore, a comparison between the CNN and ANN models, both using second-order statistical inputs, shows that the CNN significantly outperforms its ANN counterpart. The normalized RMSE of CNN model decreases by more than 30 % relative to ANN model at 99.9, 99, and 1 percentiles, by 25 % at the 10 percentile, and remains over 10 % lower at 0.1 and 90 percentiles. This research provides a robust data-driven approach for urban wind assessment and contributes to enhanced pedestrian safety evaluation in complex urban environments.

准确预测城市环境中风速的百分位数，包括罕见的强风和弱风，对行人安全和城市规划至关重要。以前的研究已经成功地使用人工神经网络（ANN）模型使用高阶统计输入来预测百分位风速。然而，尽管大多数气象站、风洞实验和计算流体力学提供了丰富的二阶统计数据（均值和标准差），但如何从这些数据中有效地重建建筑尺度的非频繁流场仍然是一个主要挑战。本文提出了一种卷积神经网络（CNN），该网络仅使用从交错建筑布局的大涡模拟数据中获得的二阶统计输入来预测百分位风速。为了评估输入网格大小如何影响性能，我们评估了三个不同输入网格大小的CNN模型，中等输入网格大小的准确率提高了10 - 20%。此外，CNN和ANN模型之间的比较，都使用二阶统计输入，表明CNN显著优于其ANN模型。CNN模型的归一化RMSE在99.9、99和1个百分位时相对于ANN模型降低了30%以上，在10个百分位时降低了25%，在0.1和90个百分位时仍然降低了10%以上。该研究为城市风评估提供了可靠的数据驱动方法，有助于加强复杂城市环境下的行人安全评估。

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引用次数: 0

The role of personality in multi-domain environmental perception: An occupant-centric approach 人格在多领域环境感知中的作用：一个以乘员为中心的方法

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114140

Agnese Chiucchiù , Veronica Martins Gnecco , Ilaria Pigliautile , Anna Laura Pisello

The built environment accounts for nearly one-third of global energy demand, underscoring the need to enhance building performance through strategies that integrate both technological solutions and human factors. Occupants play a pivotal role in this process, as their comfort and well-being are shaped by complex interactions across multiple environmental domains. This study investigates cross-domain effects between thermal and acoustic environments, with a specific focus on how personality traits modulate perceptual responses. An experimental campaign was conducted in a controlled test room under two thermal conditions: a neutral phase (21 °C) and a mild discomfort phase (23 °C). In each phase, 25 participants evaluated seven soundscapes with distinct acoustic characteristics, ranging from natural to anthropogenic. Continuous monitoring of environmental parameters ensured accurate boundary conditions, while personality traits were assessed to capture inter-individual variability. Results show that even slight thermal variations influence acoustic perception, producing systematic negative shifts in the evaluation of the main soundscape’s descriptors across phases. Cluster analysis of personality traits identified two groups: one with higher emotional stability and openness, and another with stronger neurotic tendencies. These groups exhibited divergent perceptual patterns, with neurotic individuals reporting greater sensitivity to anthropic and chaotic soundscapes, and emotionally stable participants showing stronger appreciation for natural ones. Overall, the findings demonstrate that occupant perception cannot be understood through single-domain analyses alone. Integrating cross-domain interactions and personality-driven variability into adaptive comfort models and occupant-centric design strategies is essential to support buildings that are both energy-efficient and responsive to human diversity.

建筑环境占全球能源需求的近三分之一，强调需要通过整合技术解决方案和人为因素的战略来提高建筑性能。居住者在这个过程中扮演着关键的角色，因为他们的舒适度和幸福感是由多个环境领域的复杂相互作用形成的。本研究探讨了热环境和声环境之间的跨域效应，特别关注人格特质如何调节感知反应。实验活动在两种热条件下的受控测试室内进行：中性阶段（21°C）和轻度不适阶段（23°C）。在每个阶段，25名参与者评估了7种具有不同声学特征的声景，从自然的到人为的。持续监测环境参数确保了准确的边界条件，同时评估人格特征以捕捉个体间的差异。结果表明，即使是轻微的热变化也会影响声感知，在不同阶段对主要声景描述符的评价中产生系统性的负变化。人格特征聚类分析发现，一组具有较高的情绪稳定性和开放性，另一组具有较强的神经质倾向。这些群体表现出不同的感知模式，神经质的个体对人为的和混乱的音景更敏感，而情绪稳定的参与者对自然的音景表现出更强的欣赏。总体而言，研究结果表明，仅通过单域分析无法理解乘员感知。将跨领域互动和个性驱动的可变性整合到适应性舒适模型和以居住者为中心的设计策略中，对于支持节能和响应人类多样性的建筑至关重要。

{"title":"The role of personality in multi-domain environmental perception: An occupant-centric approach","authors":"Agnese Chiucchiù , Veronica Martins Gnecco , Ilaria Pigliautile , Anna Laura Pisello","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The built environment accounts for nearly one-third of global energy demand, underscoring the need to enhance building performance through strategies that integrate both technological solutions and human factors. Occupants play a pivotal role in this process, as their comfort and well-being are shaped by complex interactions across multiple environmental domains. This study investigates cross-domain effects between thermal and acoustic environments, with a specific focus on how personality traits modulate perceptual responses. An experimental campaign was conducted in a controlled test room under two thermal conditions: a neutral phase (21 °C) and a mild discomfort phase (23 °C). In each phase, 25 participants evaluated seven soundscapes with distinct acoustic characteristics, ranging from natural to anthropogenic. Continuous monitoring of environmental parameters ensured accurate boundary conditions, while personality traits were assessed to capture inter-individual variability. Results show that even slight thermal variations influence acoustic perception, producing systematic negative shifts in the evaluation of the main soundscape’s descriptors across phases. Cluster analysis of personality traits identified two groups: one with higher emotional stability and openness, and another with stronger neurotic tendencies. These groups exhibited divergent perceptual patterns, with neurotic individuals reporting greater sensitivity to anthropic and chaotic soundscapes, and emotionally stable participants showing stronger appreciation for natural ones. Overall, the findings demonstrate that occupant perception cannot be understood through single-domain analyses alone. Integrating cross-domain interactions and personality-driven variability into adaptive comfort models and occupant-centric design strategies is essential to support buildings that are both energy-efficient and responsive to human diversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 114140"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ten questions concerning urban wind environments for the safe utilization of urban air mobility 城市风环境对城市空中交通安全利用的十个问题

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114136

Hongyuan Jia , Chao Lin , Mahiro Iwabuchi , Hideki Kikumoto

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is experiencing rapid global development and is projected to deliver substantial benefits to the evolution of modern cities. Its application requires a precise understanding of urban wind environments and the establishment of safe flight operations. This paper organizes the relationship between UAM and urban wind environments into ten key questions, summarizing essential concepts, technological advancements, and research trends. It examines the effects of turbulent flows generated by buildings and structures in urban areas on the flight stability of UAM, while also exploring methods for airflow prediction and wind environment control through urban design. Furthermore, it discusses evaluation techniques for urban airflow using numerical fluid and meteorological analysis, wind tunnel experiments, observational technologies, and the potential of new predictive methods leveraging machine learning. Additionally, the paper presents challenges and countermeasures for UAM operations, including the mitigation and optimization of wind conditions through building layout and design, flight route planning, UAM’s influence on non-wind urban environments, and the establishment of operation regulations.

城市空中交通（UAM）正在全球迅速发展，预计将为现代城市的发展带来实质性的好处。它的应用需要对城市风环境的精确理解和安全飞行操作的建立。本文将UAM与城市风环境之间的关系归纳为十个关键问题，总结了基本概念、技术进展和研究趋势。研究城市地区建筑物和构筑物产生的湍流对UAM飞行稳定性的影响，同时探索通过城市设计进行气流预测和风环境控制的方法。此外，它还讨论了利用数值流体和气象分析、风洞实验、观测技术以及利用机器学习的新预测方法的潜力来评估城市气流的技术。提出了UAM运行面临的挑战和对策，包括通过建筑布局设计、航路规划、UAM对无风城市环境的影响、UAM运行规则的建立等。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling the vertical air temperature rise patterns of densely-built urban canyons under building anthropogenic heat via a scaled outdoor experiment 通过规模室外实验模拟建筑人为热作用下密集城市峡谷垂直气温上升模式

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114133

Lin Liu , Shen Wang , Jingjing Dou , Guanwen Chen , Jian Hang , Xia Yang

High-density building clusters emit substantial anthropogenic heat (AH), resulting in a continuous heat accumulation within the urban canopy layer (UCL) and enhancing thermal turbulent exchange with the roughness sublayer (RSL). This study develops a mathematical model to quantify the influence of building AH on air temperature variations across time and height in both UCL and RSL. Grouping and zonal control of concrete models in scaled outdoor experiment are employed to achieve experimental calibration of temperature rise model based on anthropogenic heat emission (AHE) probability. Results show that increased AHE strengthens thermal stratification in the UCL. At night, the maximum temperature differences between the top and bottom of the UCL could reach 1.0 °C (Cold condition) and 2.5 °C (Hot condition), while the difference of RSL remained a relative lower value below 0.3 °C. In contrast to stable nighttime, the daytime air temperature fluctuation range in UCL exhibits peak hourly changes of 9 °C (Cold) and 6 °C (Hot). Significant positive correlations (p < 0.01) are observed between ambient temperature and UCL/RSL air temperatures (Spearman: 0.70∼0.97), and between AHE and UCL/RSL air temperatures (Spearman:0.14∼0.45). Thermal diffusivity

K_{z}

increases with air temperature range. Calibration of

K_{z}

ensures MAE and RMSE of model meet required criteria with maximum R² of 0.961 (Cold) and 0.957 (Hot). This study clarifies the thermal exchange process between UCL and RSL caused by building AHE through mathematical model and scaled outdoor experiment.

高密度建筑集群释放大量的人为热（AH），导致城市冠层（UCL）内持续的热量积累，并增强了与粗糙亚层（RSL）的热湍流交换。本研究建立了一个数学模型，以量化建筑AH对UCL和RSL中空气温度随时间和高度变化的影响。采用室外尺度试验中混凝土模型的分组和分区控制，实现了基于人为热排放（AHE）概率的温升模型的实验标定。结果表明，AHE的增加增强了UCL内的热分层。夜间，UCL顶部和底部的温差最大可达1.0℃（冷工况）和2.5℃（热工况），而RSL的温差相对较小，仅为0.3℃以下。与稳定的夜间相比，UCL白天的气温波动范围呈现出9°C（冷）和6°C（热）的峰值小时变化。在环境温度和UCL/RSL空气温度之间观察到显著的正相关（p < 0.01）（Spearman: 0.70 ~ 0.97），在AHE和UCL/RSL空气温度之间观察到显著的正相关（Spearman:0.14 ~ 0.45）。热扩散系数Kz随气温范围的增大而增大。Kz的校正确保模型的MAE和RMSE符合要求标准，最大R2为0.961（冷）和0.957（热）。本研究通过数学模型和室外规模实验，阐明了建AHE引起的UCL与RSL之间的热交换过程。

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引用次数: 0

Are present microclimate assessments valid in future changing climates? A case study from Hong Kong 当前的小气候评估在未来气候变化中是否有效？以香港为例

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114131

A.U. Weerasuriya , Bin Lu , Xuelin Zhang , Binura J. Kudagama , E.K.W. Tsang , Qiusheng Li

This study investigated how climate change affects the outcomes of two microclimate assessments, an Air Ventilation Assessment (AVA) and an outdoor thermal comfort assessment, at an urban site in Hong Kong using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The current and future climate data were prepared using historic meteorological observations from 1981 to 2020 and climate projections from 2025 to 2100 under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585, which represent the most sustainable, business-as-usual, and the most unfavorable climate change scenarios, respectively, using 44 General Circulation Models. The simulations revealed an increase in both the magnitude and frequency of wind in the dominant wind direction in the future. As a result, areas with the acceptable wind speeds (>1.5 m/s) recommended in AVA and satisfactory wind speeds (1 m/s–1.5 m/s) will slightly increase in the future, improving long-term air ventilation at the site compared to the current condition. However, the enhanced long-term air ventilation may not be sufficient to alleviate worsening outdoor thermal comfort in summer, primarily due to a greater impact of rising air temperature from global warming. Climate change will increase air temperature by 1 °C to 1.4 °C in the near future (2025–2062) and 1.5 °C to 3.6 °C in the far future (2063–2100). The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) shows a substantial increase in thermal stress from night to early morning in the future, in particular, under the most severe climate scenario of SSP585, causing outdoor thermal discomfort for extended periods at the site.

本研究利用计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟研究了气候变化如何影响香港一个城市站点的两种小气候评估结果，即空气流通评估（AVA）和室外热舒适评估。利用1981 ~ 2020年的历史气象观测资料和2025 ~ 2100年的气候预估，利用44种大气环流模式，在SSP126、SSP245和SSP585 3种共享社会经济路径（Shared social - social - path， SSP126、SSP245和SSP585分别代表最可持续、一切正常和最不利的气候变化情景）下编制了当前和未来气候数据。模拟结果显示，未来主导风向的风的强度和频率都将增加。因此，AVA建议的可接受风速（>1.5 m/s）和满意风速（1m /s - 1.5 m/s）的区域将在未来略有增加，与目前的情况相比，改善了现场的长期空气流通。然而，增强的长期通风可能不足以缓解夏季室外热舒适的恶化，主要是由于全球变暖导致的气温上升的影响更大。在不久的将来（2025-2062），气候变化将使气温升高1°C至1.4°C，在遥远的将来（2063-2100），将使气温升高1.5°C至3.6°C。通用热气候指数（UTCI）显示，未来从夜间到清晨，特别是在SSP585最严重的气候情景下，热应力显著增加，导致站点室外热不适时间延长。

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引用次数: 0

Dose-response relationship between green walking distance and pedestrians’ restorative outcomes: A pilot study with microclimate measurements 绿色步行距离与行人恢复结果的剂量-反应关系：基于小气候测量的初步研究

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114124

Ruoxiang Tu , Yiwei Bai , Yonghong Xu , Yanchu Liang , Yiqiang Xiao , Shi Yin

Walking is a widely accessible form of physical activity for urban residents, offering substantial benefits for both physical and mental health. While walking in green spaces has been shown to reduce stress and improve physiological markers, the dose–response relationship between walking distance and restorative outcomes remains unclear, as does the influence of complex environmental exposures on these benefits.

A controlled walking experiment was conducted in a green space in autumn with 36 participants. Each completed two randomized walks (2 or 2.5 km) with a one-week washout. Subjective measures were collected before and after stress induction, at midpoint, and post-walk. Electrodermal activity was continuously recorded. Environmental factors—temperature, humidity, radiation, noise, and pollutants (NO₂, CO, PM_2.5)—were monitored using a mobile station, and the universal thermal climate index was calculated.

Wilcoxon test results showed that, among the distances tested, continuous walking for 2 km was associated with the greatest improvements in tonic arousal, acute electrodermal reactivity, and subjective psychological restoration. Shorter walks (1–1.5 km) and longer walks (2.5 km) yielded relatively smaller outcomes, suggesting a preliminary threshold. Linear mixed models and geographically weighted regression analyses indicated that uncomfortable environmental conditions acted as potential confounders and modulated restorative outcomes during walking, with air pollution, thermal conditions, and sensory satisfaction exerting measurable effects on electrodermal activity. The observed 2 km distance may serve as a tentative spatial reference for urban walking environment design, highlighting the importance of integrating microclimatic comfort, air quality, and aesthetic appeal to support restorative benefits for pedestrians.

步行是城市居民普遍接受的一种体育活动形式，对身心健康都有很大的好处。虽然在绿色空间散步已被证明可以减轻压力并改善生理指标，但步行距离与恢复结果之间的剂量-反应关系尚不清楚，复杂环境暴露对这些益处的影响也不清楚。秋天，36名参与者在一个绿地上进行了一项对照步行实验。每个人完成两次随机步行（2或2.5公里），为期一周的洗脱期。在应激诱导前后、中点和步行后采集主观测量数据。连续记录皮肤电活动。利用移动站对温度、湿度、辐射、噪声和污染物（NO₂、CO、PM2.5）等环境因子进行监测，并计算通用热气候指数。Wilcoxon测试结果显示，在测试的距离中，连续步行2公里与紧张性觉醒、急性皮电反应和主观心理恢复的改善最大。较短的步行（1-1.5公里）和较长的步行（2.5公里）产生的结果相对较小，这表明了一个初步的阈值。线性混合模型和地理加权回归分析表明，不舒适的环境条件是潜在的混杂因素，并调节步行过程中的恢复结果，空气污染、热条件和感官满意度对皮肤电活动产生可测量的影响。观察到的2公里距离可以作为城市步行环境设计的尝试性空间参考，强调整合微气候舒适性、空气质量和审美吸引力的重要性，以支持行人的恢复效益。

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引用次数: 0

Pre-contamination of new, wood-based building materials: fungal diversity and susceptibility under different moisture scenarios 新型木质建筑材料的预污染：不同湿度条件下真菌多样性和易感性

IF 7.6 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.114129

Evangelia Loukou , Nickolaj Feldt Jensen , Lasse Rohde , Birgitte Andersen

Indoor fungal contamination may pose health risks and cause superficial deterioration of building materials. This study investigated the fungal susceptibility of new, commonly used wood-based materials (planed wood, plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), particleboard, medium-density fibreboard (MDF), and gypsum board). The surface cleaned or disinfected samples were subjected to three moisture scenarios: 1) prolonged high relative humidity (RH), 2) undiscovered water leakage, and 3) flooding with subsiding water.

All materials were prone to fungal growth under favourable conditions, regardless of type, treatment, or retailer, though wood was the most resistant. Surface disinfection was ineffective in preventing growth, indicating that spores are embedded within materials. Quick drying after water exposure could prevent fungal establishment. A diverse array of fungal species was identified, with the most frequent being Aspergillus pseudoglaucus, Asp. hiratsukae, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Ascotricha chartarum, Aspergillus section Nigri, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., and Pen. corylophilum. Associations were observed between material types and fungal taxa, with wood composites being particularly vulnerable to contamination, likely due to the use of carbohydrate-enriched adhesives, which serve as a food source for fungi.

Moisture response varied by material, moisture scenario, and exposure duration. Plywood and MDF showed the highest and fastest sorption and desorption capacities, whereas OSB and particleboard showed slower responses. Gypsum board had the lowest initial free water content and was the least hygroscopic under high RH, but with the highest liquid water absorption capacity relative to its initial water content. Planned wood demonstrated moderate sorption potential from air humidity, the lowest from liquid water, and the lowest fungal load and diversity.

室内真菌污染可能会造成健康风险，并导致建筑材料的表面变质。本研究调查了新的、常用的木质材料（刨花板、胶合板、定向刨花板、刨花板、中密度纤维板和石膏板）的真菌敏感性。表面清洁或消毒的样品经受三种湿度情景：1)长时间的高相对湿度（RH）， 2)未发现的漏水和3)沉降水淹水。在有利的条件下，所有材料都容易真菌生长，无论类型、处理方式或零售商如何，但木材的抵抗力最强。表面消毒对防止孢子生长无效，说明孢子被埋入材料中。浸水后迅速干燥可防止真菌滋生。鉴定出多种真菌种类，最常见的是pseudoglaucus Aspergillus， Asp.；平田香，紫丁香紫霉，葡萄曲霉，黑曲霉，曲霉属，青霉菌属，和笔。corylophilum。观察到材料类型和真菌分类群之间存在关联，木质复合材料特别容易受到污染，可能是由于使用了富含碳水化合物的粘合剂，而这些粘合剂是真菌的食物来源。湿度响应因材料、湿度情况和暴露时间而异。胶合板和中密度纤维板的吸附和解吸能力最高、最快，而OSB和刨花板的反应较慢。在高RH条件下，石膏板的初始自由含水量最低，吸湿性最小，但相对于初始含水量，石膏板的液态水吸收率最高。规划木材对空气湿度的吸收潜力中等，对液态水的吸收潜力最低，真菌负荷和多样性最低。

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