Building and Environment最新文献_第9页

Seq2seq modelling for cross-site temporal forecasting of urban air pollutant concentrations leveraging sensor data

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112463

Jiading Zhong, Jianlin Liu

Urban air pollution presents significant health risks, requiring effective monitoring, forecasting and controlling strategies. Comprehensive monitoring is often hindered by the limited availability of measurement data. This study introduces a seq2seq model designed to perform operational forecasting of air pollutant concentrations at an unmonitored site using an upwind sensor. The effectiveness of seq2seq model is systematically evaluated through test cases that aim to explore effects of several influencing factors, including network architecture, embedding method, model complexity, and sensor placement. The test cases involve 252 seq2seq model candidates, which are trained and tested on a synthetic dataset established using a validated large eddy simulation (LES) model for the typical street canyon urban setting, ensuring controlled conditions and reproducibility. Additionally, scheduled sampling is used during model training to mitigate error accumulation. Results demonstrate that a decoder-only model is only capable of making flatline predictions, while a well-tuned seq2seq model informed by a strategically placed upwind sensor provides reasonable operational predictions. Despite its simplicity, the linear network, using the positional embedding, a two-layer structure, and the sensor placed 0.17H above the ground, exhibits the best performance among seq2seq models. The study also challenges a priori belief that favors higher sensor locations based on statistical similarity measures, as the sensor at 0.17H enables the best performing model. These findings underscore the potential of seq2seq models to enhance urban air quality monitoring, offering a robust scientific basis for informed urban planning and pollution management strategies.

{"title":"Seq2seq modelling for cross-site temporal forecasting of urban air pollutant concentrations leveraging sensor data","authors":"Jiading Zhong, Jianlin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban air pollution presents significant health risks, requiring effective monitoring, forecasting and controlling strategies. Comprehensive monitoring is often hindered by the limited availability of measurement data. This study introduces a seq2seq model designed to perform operational forecasting of air pollutant concentrations at an unmonitored site using an upwind sensor. The effectiveness of seq2seq model is systematically evaluated through test cases that aim to explore effects of several influencing factors, including network architecture, embedding method, model complexity, and sensor placement. The test cases involve 252 seq2seq model candidates, which are trained and tested on a synthetic dataset established using a validated large eddy simulation (LES) model for the typical street canyon urban setting, ensuring controlled conditions and reproducibility. Additionally, scheduled sampling is used during model training to mitigate error accumulation. Results demonstrate that a decoder-only model is only capable of making flatline predictions, while a well-tuned seq2seq model informed by a strategically placed upwind sensor provides reasonable operational predictions. Despite its simplicity, the linear network, using the positional embedding, a two-layer structure, and the sensor placed 0.17<em>H</em> above the ground, exhibits the best performance among seq2seq models. The study also challenges a priori belief that favors higher sensor locations based on statistical similarity measures, as the sensor at 0.17<em>H</em> enables the best performing model. These findings underscore the potential of seq2seq models to enhance urban air quality monitoring, offering a robust scientific basis for informed urban planning and pollution management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 112463"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrostatic repellent dispersion method for green and cost-effective aqueous radiative cooling paint

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112462

Jipeng Fei , Di Han , Kai Zhou , See Wee Koh , Junyu Ge , Jun Yan Tan , Bing Feng Ng , Zhong Chen , Lili Cai , Hong Li

Radiative cooling paint (RCP) serves as an effective energy-saving method for cooling of built infrastructure. Given that the synthesis of most RCPs contains volatile organic compounds (VOC) for binder dispersion, water-based systems have been preferred as cost-effective alternatives that can provide low/no emission of VOC for minimized environmental impact. However, development of cost-effective and robust water-based radiative cooling paint is still challenging. Moreover, there exists particle dispersion issues leading to structural non-uniformity when excess amount of water is used in paints with high particle volume concentration (PVC). Herein, we address these challenges by proposing a universal electrostatic-assisted dispersion method to tackle the dispersion challenge. With ultrahigh PVC (∼70 %), the derived radiative cooling paint exhibits dense and uniform surface while maintaining robust mechanical, chemical, and thermal stabilities, as well as universal adhesivity, significantly contrasting to the cracking and poor adhesivity observed in conventional water dispersed paint. Assisted by superfine dispersion and high PVC, our paint achieves excellent optical properties (R_solar∼ 97 %, E_LWIR> 95 %) for enhanced radiative cooling, and is effective under various climates. This work provides insights into more environmental-friendly and durable designs for radiative cooling paint.

{"title":"Electrostatic repellent dispersion method for green and cost-effective aqueous radiative cooling paint","authors":"Jipeng Fei , Di Han , Kai Zhou , See Wee Koh , Junyu Ge , Jun Yan Tan , Bing Feng Ng , Zhong Chen , Lili Cai , Hong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative cooling paint (RCP) serves as an effective energy-saving method for cooling of built infrastructure. Given that the synthesis of most RCPs contains volatile organic compounds (VOC) for binder dispersion, water-based systems have been preferred as cost-effective alternatives that can provide low/no emission of VOC for minimized environmental impact. However, development of cost-effective and robust water-based radiative cooling paint is still challenging. Moreover, there exists particle dispersion issues leading to structural non-uniformity when excess amount of water is used in paints with high particle volume concentration (PVC). Herein, we address these challenges by proposing a universal electrostatic-assisted dispersion method to tackle the dispersion challenge. With ultrahigh PVC (∼70 %), the derived radiative cooling paint exhibits dense and uniform surface while maintaining robust mechanical, chemical, and thermal stabilities, as well as universal adhesivity, significantly contrasting to the cracking and poor adhesivity observed in conventional water dispersed paint. Assisted by superfine dispersion and high PVC, our paint achieves excellent optical properties (R<sub>solar</sub>∼ 97 %, E<sub>LWIR</sub>> 95 %) for enhanced radiative cooling, and is effective under various climates. This work provides insights into more environmental-friendly and durable designs for radiative cooling paint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 112462"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting individual variability in thermal sensation, PMV predictions, and local skin temperature differences using infrared thermography

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112477

Biplob Kanti Biswas , Koichi Ishii , Yu Watanabe , Jiating Li , Yumiko Tan , Ayano Dempoya , Sang-il Lee , Takuji Iwamura , Shingo Konoshita , Hitoshi Wakabayashi

Thermal comfort is a perception of thermal environment by individuals. To assess thermal sensation predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfaction (PPD) are widely used. These relies on environmental parameters and subjective aspects like metabolic rate (M), and clothing insulation (I_cl). Additionally, skin temperature (t_sk) is another important indicator of comfort. However, measuring M, I_cl, and t_sk in real time is challenging. To address this issue, this research introduced a novel method using infrared thermography (IRT) to predict I_cl, t_sk, and PMV with M calculated based on individual variances. Experiments conducted in office environments during summer and winter and outcomes were analyzed by gender differences and body mass index (BMI) variation.

From the experimental outcomes, females reported significantly colder thermal sensation vote (TSV), higher I_cl, and lower M compared to males (p < 0.01). There were no significant gender differences in PMV predictions, however females PPD was higher in winter (p < 0.01). Females nose temperature was significantly lower (p < 0.01) and showed significant correlation with TSV (p < 0.01). Regarding BMI differences, BMI < 22 group had higher cold sensation and lower M compared to BMI > 22 group (p < 0.01). There were no significant morphological differences in PMV and PPD. BMI < 22 had significantly lower nose, cheek, fingertip temperature (p < 0.05) and these skin temperatures had significant correlation (p < 0.01) with TSV.

These results demonstrate the importance of individual difference in comfort prediction and illustrate the effectiveness of using IRT.

{"title":"Predicting individual variability in thermal sensation, PMV predictions, and local skin temperature differences using infrared thermography","authors":"Biplob Kanti Biswas , Koichi Ishii , Yu Watanabe , Jiating Li , Yumiko Tan , Ayano Dempoya , Sang-il Lee , Takuji Iwamura , Shingo Konoshita , Hitoshi Wakabayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal comfort is a perception of thermal environment by individuals. To assess thermal sensation predicted mean vote (<em>PMV</em>) and predicted percentage of dissatisfaction (<em>PPD</em>) are widely used. These relies on environmental parameters and subjective aspects like metabolic rate (<em>M</em>), and clothing insulation (<em>I<sub>cl</sub></em>). Additionally, skin temperature (<em>t<sub>sk</sub></em>) is another important indicator of comfort. However, measuring <em>M, I<sub>cl</sub></em>, and <em>t<sub>sk</sub></em> in real time is challenging. To address this issue, this research introduced a novel method using infrared thermography (IRT) to predict <em>I<sub>cl</sub>, t<sub>sk</sub>,</em> and <em>PMV</em> with <em>M</em> calculated based on individual variances. Experiments conducted in office environments during summer and winter and outcomes were analyzed by gender differences and body mass index (<em>BMI</em>) variation.</div><div>From the experimental outcomes, females reported significantly colder thermal sensation vote (TSV), higher <em>I<sub>cl</sub></em>, and lower <em>M</em> compared to males (<em>p</em> < 0.01). There were no significant gender differences in <em>PMV</em> predictions, however females <em>PPD</em> was higher in winter (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Females nose temperature was significantly lower (<em>p</em> < 0.01) and showed significant correlation with TSV (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Regarding <em>BMI</em> differences, BMI < 22 group had higher cold sensation and lower <em>M</em> compared to BMI > 22 group (<em>p</em> < 0.01). There were no significant morphological differences in <em>PMV</em> and <em>PPD</em>. BMI < 22 had significantly lower nose, cheek, fingertip temperature (<em>p</em> < 0.05) and these skin temperatures had significant correlation (<em>p</em> < 0.01) with TSV.</div><div>These results demonstrate the importance of individual difference in comfort prediction and illustrate the effectiveness of using IRT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 112477"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A downscaling framework with WRF-UCM and LES/RANS models for urban microclimate simulation strategy: Validation through both measurement and mechanism model

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112361

Jiawen Liu , Huan Gao , Ruoyu Jia , Ran Wang , Dongrui Han , Luo Liu , Xinliang Xu , Zhi Qiao

Microscale numerical simulation models are widely applied to explore potential factors and adaptive strategies for localized high temperatures in urban surface or near-surface environments. However, few studies address the limited availability of meteorological input data and the use of multiple meteorological outputs to investigate the mechanisms between factors as a theoretical verification for simulation. This study used the WRF-UCM model outputs in Tianjin, China, as the basic background meteorological field for microclimate simulation and compared the improvement in simulation accuracy of LES-based scheme (PALM-4U) and RANS-based software (ENVI-met) in predicting pedestrian-level air temperature and relative humidity during the downscaling simulation. Subsequently, attribution analysis of land surface temperature imbalance is performed using the two-resistance model (TRM) based on surface and atmospheric simulation outputs which also aids in verifying the applicability of the one-way downscaling simulation framework. It is found that the WRF-UCM-RANS framework exhibits superior overall performance, reducing the error in 2-m height relative humidity by approximately 50 % at the same location compared to mesoscale results. The attribution results indicate that localized high temperature on impervious surfaces within urban neighborhood are primarily driven by surface resistance (

r_{s}

) during the daytime heating process and ground heat storage (

G

) during nighttime cooling. However, surface resistance (

r_{s}

) remains the dominant driving factor influencing land surface temperature throughout both daytime and nighttime. The framework reduces the challenge of obtaining initial meteorological data and provides technical support for expanding microclimate research to multi-site simulations and future scenario predictions in complex urban environment.

{"title":"A downscaling framework with WRF-UCM and LES/RANS models for urban microclimate simulation strategy: Validation through both measurement and mechanism model","authors":"Jiawen Liu , Huan Gao , Ruoyu Jia , Ran Wang , Dongrui Han , Luo Liu , Xinliang Xu , Zhi Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microscale numerical simulation models are widely applied to explore potential factors and adaptive strategies for localized high temperatures in urban surface or near-surface environments. However, few studies address the limited availability of meteorological input data and the use of multiple meteorological outputs to investigate the mechanisms between factors as a theoretical verification for simulation. This study used the WRF-UCM model outputs in Tianjin, China, as the basic background meteorological field for microclimate simulation and compared the improvement in simulation accuracy of LES-based scheme (PALM-4U) and RANS-based software (ENVI-met) in predicting pedestrian-level air temperature and relative humidity during the downscaling simulation. Subsequently, attribution analysis of land surface temperature imbalance is performed using the two-resistance model (TRM) based on surface and atmospheric simulation outputs which also aids in verifying the applicability of the one-way downscaling simulation framework. It is found that the WRF-UCM-RANS framework exhibits superior overall performance, reducing the error in 2-m height relative humidity by approximately 50 % at the same location compared to mesoscale results. The attribution results indicate that localized high temperature on impervious surfaces within urban neighborhood are primarily driven by surface resistance (<span><math><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span>) during the daytime heating process and ground heat storage (<span><math><mi>G</mi></math></span>) during nighttime cooling. However, surface resistance (<span><math><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span>) remains the dominant driving factor influencing land surface temperature throughout both daytime and nighttime. The framework reduces the challenge of obtaining initial meteorological data and provides technical support for expanding microclimate research to multi-site simulations and future scenario predictions in complex urban environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 112361"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling algae growth on masonry in hygrothermal simulations: Developing a new response indicator

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112437

Xiaolin Chen , Piet Termonia , Rafiq Hamdi , Nathan Van Den Bossche

Biofilm stands as a critical issue in the deterioration of masonry construction, leading to aesthetic problems and potential structural issues. Giving the time-consuming nature of experimental work on algae, this research utilizes HAM modeling to predict and assess long-term algae growth using two mathematical prediction models: the Modified Avrami's model (MAV-Model) and Miyauchi's mathematic model (MM-Model). The analysis based on hygrothermal response develops a comprehensive understanding of how material characteristics and climate parameters interact to influence algae growth on brick substrates.

Results show that while the models exhibit distinct growth curves, they demonstrate similar sensitivities to the highest and lowest wind-driven rain. The Miyauchi's model illustrates greater sensitivity to climate parameters. Though wind-driven rain is the predominant factor contributing to algae growth, its impact diminishes when there is sufficient moisture to support development, with a critical annual accumulation of 100 mm. Moreover, instead of porosity, the brick's sensitivity to algae growth is determined and classified by pore structure and moisture retention capacity using response-based methods. This research also proposes a response-based indicator (RAG) that predicts potential algae risk based on temperature, RH and wind-driven rain on the substrate surface. This indicator reduces the time required to compute algae growth risk and can be applied to various material characteristics and climatic conditions. This research introduces an innovative approach to understand and predict the biodeterioration on masonry and advances the field of building conservation.

{"title":"Modeling algae growth on masonry in hygrothermal simulations: Developing a new response indicator","authors":"Xiaolin Chen , Piet Termonia , Rafiq Hamdi , Nathan Van Den Bossche","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofilm stands as a critical issue in the deterioration of masonry construction, leading to aesthetic problems and potential structural issues. Giving the time-consuming nature of experimental work on algae, this research utilizes HAM modeling to predict and assess long-term algae growth using two mathematical prediction models: the Modified Avrami's model (MAV-Model) and Miyauchi's mathematic model (MM-Model). The analysis based on hygrothermal response develops a comprehensive understanding of how material characteristics and climate parameters interact to influence algae growth on brick substrates.</div><div>Results show that while the models exhibit distinct growth curves, they demonstrate similar sensitivities to the highest and lowest wind-driven rain. The Miyauchi's model illustrates greater sensitivity to climate parameters. Though wind-driven rain is the predominant factor contributing to algae growth, its impact diminishes when there is sufficient moisture to support development, with a critical annual accumulation of 100 mm. Moreover, instead of porosity, the brick's sensitivity to algae growth is determined and classified by pore structure and moisture retention capacity using response-based methods. This research also proposes a response-based indicator (RAG) that predicts potential algae risk based on temperature, RH and wind-driven rain on the substrate surface. This indicator reduces the time required to compute algae growth risk and can be applied to various material characteristics and climatic conditions. This research introduces an innovative approach to understand and predict the biodeterioration on masonry and advances the field of building conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 112437"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parental stress modifies effects of early life exposure to interior environmental factors and extraventricular air pollution on childhood otitis media

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112440

Chan Lu , Xianglong Xiao , Wen Deng , Jing Ma , Wenhui Yang , Faming Wang

Background

Increasing studies have associated physician-diagnosed otitis media (POM) with environmental elements. Nonetheless, the impacts of parental stresses and their interactions with interior environments and extraventricular air pollution on childhood POM remain unknown.

Objectives

To investigate the impact of parental stresses and their interactions with interior and extraventricular environmental exposures on children's POM.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study involving 8,689 children at Changsha in China. Health information, parental stress, and household environmental data for each infant were collected through questionnaires. Concurrently, individual exposure concentrations to pollutants and temperatures were computed using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) technique. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were engaged to evaluate the effects of parental stresses and their interactions with interior environmental variables and ambient pollutants on childhood POM.

Results

Children's POM were markedly associated with advantaged education and income among parents (ORs [95% CI] = 1.42 [1.12–1.80] and 1.45 [1.05–2.00]), while presence of psychological stress (fatigue, headache, and distractibility) enhanced POM risk (1.57 [1.29–1.91], 1.63 [1.39–1.91], and 1.30 [1.11–1.53]). Parents owning higher social stress (lower education) reported higher childhood POM risk of raising cats in previous year. Childhood POM risk from PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO₂ exposure during previous year were higher in families with high economic stress (small housing size). POM risk from early life exposure to PM_2.5 and SO₂ during preconception, pregnancy, and first year was higher in parents with psychological stress.

Conclusions

Parental stresses and their interactions with interior environmental factors and ambient air pollution play key roles in childhood POM.

{"title":"Parental stress modifies effects of early life exposure to interior environmental factors and extraventricular air pollution on childhood otitis media","authors":"Chan Lu , Xianglong Xiao , Wen Deng , Jing Ma , Wenhui Yang , Faming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increasing studies have associated physician-diagnosed otitis media (POM) with environmental elements. Nonetheless, the impacts of parental stresses and their interactions with interior environments and extraventricular air pollution on childhood POM remain unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the impact of parental stresses and their interactions with interior and extraventricular environmental exposures on children's POM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study involving 8,689 children at Changsha in China. Health information, parental stress, and household environmental data for each infant were collected through questionnaires. Concurrently, individual exposure concentrations to pollutants and temperatures were computed using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) technique. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were engaged to evaluate the effects of parental stresses and their interactions with interior environmental variables and ambient pollutants on childhood POM.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Children's POM were markedly associated with advantaged education and income among parents (ORs [95% CI] = 1.42 [1.12–1.80] and 1.45 [1.05–2.00]), while presence of psychological stress (fatigue, headache, and distractibility) enhanced POM risk (1.57 [1.29–1.91], 1.63 [1.39–1.91], and 1.30 [1.11–1.53]). Parents owning higher social stress (lower education) reported higher childhood POM risk of raising cats in previous year. Childhood POM risk from PM<sub>10</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> exposure during previous year were higher in families with high economic stress (small housing size). POM risk from early life exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> during preconception, pregnancy, and first year was higher in parents with psychological stress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Parental stresses and their interactions with interior environmental factors and ambient air pollution play key roles in childhood POM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 112440"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review on heavy metals in indoor air: Occurrence, spatial variation, and health risk

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112357

Ni Liang , Zekun Li , Jie Sun , Nan Fu , Guoliang Zhong , Xianbiao Lin , Kang Mao , Peng Zhang , Zhaofeng Chang , Dong Yang , Wei Du , Guofeng Shen , Bo Pan

Indoor air quality is of importance for human health since people spent most of their time indoors. Heavy metals (HMs) in indoor air should be concerned since they may increase the incidence of various diseases. However, systematic studies on the occurrences, sources, and health risks of HMs in indoor air were insufficient. Herein, HMs in indoor air were systematically reviewed at a global scale, the characteristics of HMs in different regions, functional areas, and building types were investigated. The results showed that frequent traffic and indoor smoking made Zn occupy the dominant position of HMs in indoor air, accounting for 69.72 %. In rural areas, indoor As and Pb were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those in other areas due to burning of inferior fuels. In addition, cooking activities could increase Pb concentrations in residential buildings, reaching 755.32 ± 6556.82 ng/m³. Health risk assessments showed that residents in Southeast Asia and East Asia were at non-carcinogenic risk from multiple HMs (HQ > 1). The use of solid fuels and industrial emissions were the main reasons. This study confirmed the importance of controlling indoor air pollution to reduce its health impact, which can provide useful information for policy makers.

{"title":"A systematic review on heavy metals in indoor air: Occurrence, spatial variation, and health risk","authors":"Ni Liang , Zekun Li , Jie Sun , Nan Fu , Guoliang Zhong , Xianbiao Lin , Kang Mao , Peng Zhang , Zhaofeng Chang , Dong Yang , Wei Du , Guofeng Shen , Bo Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor air quality is of importance for human health since people spent most of their time indoors. Heavy metals (HMs) in indoor air should be concerned since they may increase the incidence of various diseases. However, systematic studies on the occurrences, sources, and health risks of HMs in indoor air were insufficient. Herein, HMs in indoor air were systematically reviewed at a global scale, the characteristics of HMs in different regions, functional areas, and building types were investigated. The results showed that frequent traffic and indoor smoking made Zn occupy the dominant position of HMs in indoor air, accounting for 69.72 %. In rural areas, indoor As and Pb were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than those in other areas due to burning of inferior fuels. In addition, cooking activities could increase Pb concentrations in residential buildings, reaching 755.32 ± 6556.82 ng/m<sup>3</sup>. Health risk assessments showed that residents in Southeast Asia and East Asia were at non-carcinogenic risk from multiple HMs (HQ > 1). The use of solid fuels and industrial emissions were the main reasons. This study confirmed the importance of controlling indoor air pollution to reduce its health impact, which can provide useful information for policy makers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 112357"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation study of cross-ventilation in a realistic building geometry: RANS, SAS and LES

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112354

Mutmainnah Sudirman , Twan van Hooff , Stefanie Gillmeier , Bert Blocken

The validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of natural cross-ventilation flow with wind tunnel (WT) measurements is important in view of accurate and reliable numerical simulations. A review of the literature indicates that the majority of previous CFD and WT measurement studies employed a simplified generic single-zone building with a prismatic shape. The objective of this study is the validation of isothermal CFD simulations of two different realistic building models resembling a pitched roof single-story house, both without (case 1) and with internal partition (case 2). The CFD simulations were conducted using the 3D steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with the SST k-ω, RLZ k-ε and RNG k-ε turbulence models, scale-adaptive simulations (SAS) with the SST k-ω model, and large eddy simulations (LES) with the Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid-scale model. The evaluation was performed in two parts: impact of turbulence model and impact of internal partition. The results show that LES and SAS exhibit a good agreement with WT results, outperforming RANS for the two cases. When considering only indoor streamwise mean velocity, for case 1, 97 % and 73 % of the sampled LES and SAS velocities fall with the uncertainty band of the WT measurements. For case 2, these values are 92 % and 75 % for LES and SAS, respectively. Steady RANS provides an agreement of only 56 % and 63 % for case 1 and case 2, respectively.

{"title":"Validation study of cross-ventilation in a realistic building geometry: RANS, SAS and LES","authors":"Mutmainnah Sudirman , Twan van Hooff , Stefanie Gillmeier , Bert Blocken","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of natural cross-ventilation flow with wind tunnel (WT) measurements is important in view of accurate and reliable numerical simulations. A review of the literature indicates that the majority of previous CFD and WT measurement studies employed a simplified generic single-zone building with a prismatic shape. The objective of this study is the validation of isothermal CFD simulations of two different realistic building models resembling a pitched roof single-story house, both without (case 1) and with internal partition (case 2). The CFD simulations were conducted using the 3D steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach with the SST k-ω, RLZ k-ε and RNG k-ε turbulence models, scale-adaptive simulations (SAS) with the SST k-ω model, and large eddy simulations (LES) with the Smagorinsky-Lilly subgrid-scale model. The evaluation was performed in two parts: impact of turbulence model and impact of internal partition. The results show that LES and SAS exhibit a good agreement with WT results, outperforming RANS for the two cases. When considering only indoor streamwise mean velocity, for case 1, 97 % and 73 % of the sampled LES and SAS velocities fall with the uncertainty band of the WT measurements. For case 2, these values are 92 % and 75 % for LES and SAS, respectively. Steady RANS provides an agreement of only 56 % and 63 % for case 1 and case 2, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 112354"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Activity hours: Assessing liveability during heatwaves

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112339

Livia Capol , Srinivasan Keshav , Zoltan Nagy

As climate change increases the frequency and severity of heatwaves, understanding their impact on the well-being, health, and permissible activities of building occupants becomes crucial. Existing work focuses primarily on the thermal comfort of an average individual, neglecting both the impact of extreme heat on liveability and variability in resilience of different population groups. To address these gaps, we introduce the Activity hours (Ah) metric, which quantifies the liveability of indoor environments during heatwaves while taking into account air temperature, humidity, occupant age, permissible activity levels, and duration of exposure. We also present the Heatalyzer tool that allows the computation of Ah for different geographies, building archetypes, and heatwave durations. Through a case study of residential housing in London, we compare Ah with established thermal comfort metrics, highlighting Ah’s ability to quantify heatwave impacts on occupant liveability for different building types and demographic groups. Our results are made widely accessible through the Heatalyzer dashboard, an intuitive website that enables London residents to evaluate their exposure to heat-related risks.

{"title":"Activity hours: Assessing liveability during heatwaves","authors":"Livia Capol , Srinivasan Keshav , Zoltan Nagy","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As climate change increases the frequency and severity of heatwaves, understanding their impact on the well-being, health, and permissible activities of building occupants becomes crucial. Existing work focuses primarily on the thermal comfort of an average individual, neglecting both the impact of extreme heat on liveability and variability in resilience of different population groups. To address these gaps, we introduce the Activity hours (Ah) metric, which quantifies the liveability of indoor environments during heatwaves while taking into account air temperature, humidity, occupant age, permissible activity levels, and duration of exposure. We also present the Heatalyzer tool that allows the computation of Ah for different geographies, building archetypes, and heatwave durations. Through a case study of residential housing in London, we compare Ah with established thermal comfort metrics, highlighting Ah’s ability to quantify heatwave impacts on occupant liveability for different building types and demographic groups. Our results are made widely accessible through the Heatalyzer dashboard, an intuitive website that enables London residents to evaluate their exposure to heat-related risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 112339"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of LDR vs. HDR imaging: Quantifying luminosity variability and sky dynamics through complementary image processing techniques

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112431

Yunni Cho , Arnaud Lucien Poletto , Dong Hyun Kim , Caroline Karmann , Marilyne Andersen

This study introduces a novel procedure combining image analysis techniques to examine the temporal changes in natural light, a key aspect in daylighting and built environment research. Our approach utilizes both Low Dynamic Range (LDR) and High Dynamic Range (HDR) camera outputs, leveraging the complementary strengths of both to capture an extensive range of sky conditions, identifying overall light distribution patterns and detailed luminous fluctuations. A key aspect of this study is the simultaneous use of both LDR and HDR imaging to capture intricate light variations, without requiring specialized equipment, and to rely on the potential offered by image processing algorithms to effectively detect subtle luminance shifts. Additionally, our process utilizes deep learning to distinguish between sky and cloud regions, and conducts a detailed comparison with empirical values derived from HDR captures to ensure the robustness of our computational analysis. This offers a practical and economical alternative to conventional methods that depend on dedicated instrumentation like hyperspectral or photosensor-based cameras, thereby broadening its applicability in future daylight studies.

{"title":"Comparative analysis of LDR vs. HDR imaging: Quantifying luminosity variability and sky dynamics through complementary image processing techniques","authors":"Yunni Cho , Arnaud Lucien Poletto , Dong Hyun Kim , Caroline Karmann , Marilyne Andersen","doi":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel procedure combining image analysis techniques to examine the temporal changes in natural light, a key aspect in daylighting and built environment research. Our approach utilizes both Low Dynamic Range (LDR) and High Dynamic Range (HDR) camera outputs, leveraging the complementary strengths of both to capture an extensive range of sky conditions, identifying overall light distribution patterns and detailed luminous fluctuations. A key aspect of this study is the simultaneous use of both LDR and HDR imaging to capture intricate light variations, without requiring specialized equipment, and to rely on the potential offered by image processing algorithms to effectively detect subtle luminance shifts. Additionally, our process utilizes deep learning to distinguish between sky and cloud regions, and conducts a detailed comparison with empirical values derived from HDR captures to ensure the robustness of our computational analysis. This offers a practical and economical alternative to conventional methods that depend on dedicated instrumentation like hyperspectral or photosensor-based cameras, thereby broadening its applicability in future daylight studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9273,"journal":{"name":"Building and Environment","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 112431"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0