Inherited color blindness is a lifelong challenge. While it may limit prospects for certain jobs, most peoplefind ways to adapt to the condition. Colour vision defect is usually for red-green colour and it is X-linkedrecessive trait. It is mainly homozygous that develop colour vision defects. Female heterozygous usuallyhave normal vision. Colour vision defects also have a strong genetic component , especially if both parentshave colour vision defects , and people with a particular blood group , and very myopic or hypermetropic, there is a good chance their child will be same. Color blindness is often apparent at a young age whenchildren are learning their colours and goes undetected because as they grow they learn to associate specificcolours with certain objects.For example, they come to know that grass is green, so they call the colour theysee green. If symptoms are very mild, a person may not realize that they don’t see certain colours.
{"title":"A Study on Prevalence of Colour Vision Defects and Correlation with Sex, Visual Acuity and Blood Groups of the Study Group","authors":"I. V. Padma, S. Panda","doi":"10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2606","url":null,"abstract":"Inherited color blindness is a lifelong challenge. While it may limit prospects for certain jobs, most peoplefind ways to adapt to the condition. Colour vision defect is usually for red-green colour and it is X-linkedrecessive trait. It is mainly homozygous that develop colour vision defects. Female heterozygous usuallyhave normal vision. Colour vision defects also have a strong genetic component , especially if both parentshave colour vision defects , and people with a particular blood group , and very myopic or hypermetropic, there is a good chance their child will be same. Color blindness is often apparent at a young age whenchildren are learning their colours and goes undetected because as they grow they learn to associate specificcolours with certain objects.For example, they come to know that grass is green, so they call the colour theysee green. If symptoms are very mild, a person may not realize that they don’t see certain colours.","PeriodicalId":92916,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45723857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: High risk pregnancy is broadly defined as one in which mother, fetus or newborn is or will beat increased risk for morbidity or mortality before or after delivery. According to WHO, globally about 830women die from pregnancy or childbirth-related complications every day. About 20-30% of all pregnanciesbelong to high-risk category, which is responsible for 70–80% of perinatal mortality and morbidity.Hence, the current study was done to determine the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies and associated highrisk factors among antenatal women in a tertiary care centre of central India.Aims & Objectives: To know the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies and associated high risk factors.Materials and methods: Ethics approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Institutional EthicsCommittee. It is a record-based retrospective longitudinal study done among 3898 antenatal women whohave attended/ referred to our tertiary care institute, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, M.P. duringFebruary 2020 to May 2020.High-risk pregnancy was classified based on the guidelines from the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit MatritvaAbhiyan.Results: Among 3898 antenatal case record reviewed. Results of this study show that the prevalence ofhigh-risk pregnancy among study participants was 16.54%.Most of the pregnant women were in age group of 20-35 years that is 94.72%.Most of the pregnant women were multigravida 57.20% by gestation.Regarding obstetric and neonatal outcomes, majority had normal vaginal delivery (60.6%). The mostcommon high risk factors were history of previous cesarean section 31.94 %, Hypertension in Pregnancy22.17% & Abnormal Presentation were 13.95%.Conclusion: The current study found that almost one-sixth (16.54%) of the pregnant women have highriskpregnancy. Hence, early detection of high-risk pregnancy needs to be done to improve the maternal,obstetric, and neonatal outcomes.
背景:高风险妊娠被广泛定义为母亲、胎儿或新生儿在分娩前或分娩后患病或死亡风险增加的妊娠。据世卫组织称，全球每天约有830名妇女死于妊娠或分娩相关并发症。约20-30%的妊娠属于高危妊娠，占围产期死亡率和发病率的70-80%。因此，目前的研究是为了确定高危妊娠的流行率和相关的高危因素在产前妇女在印度中部的三级保健中心。目的:了解高危妊娠的流行情况及相关高危因素。材料和方法:本研究的伦理批准已获得机构伦理委员会的批准。这是一项基于记录的回顾性纵向研究，在2020年2月至2020年5月期间，在我们的三级保健研究所(Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, mp)就诊/转诊的3898名产前妇女中进行。高危妊娠是根据Pradhan Mantri Surakshit MatritvaAbhiyan的指导方针进行分类的。结果:回顾了3898例产前病例。本研究结果显示，研究对象中高危妊娠发生率为16.54%。孕妇以20 ~ 35岁年龄组居多，占94.72%。多数孕妇为多胎妊娠(57.20%)。关于产科和新生儿结局，大多数正常阴道分娩(60.6%)。最常见的高危因素为有剖宫产史(31.94%)、妊娠高血压(22.17%)和异常表现(13.95%)。结论:本研究发现近六分之一(16.54%)的孕妇为高危妊娠。因此，需要及早发现高危妊娠，以改善孕产妇、产科和新生儿结局。
{"title":"Prevalence of High Risk Pregnancy: in A Tertiary Care Centre of Sagar Division of M.P.","authors":"R. Arjariya, P. Tiwari","doi":"10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2609","url":null,"abstract":"Background: High risk pregnancy is broadly defined as one in which mother, fetus or newborn is or will beat increased risk for morbidity or mortality before or after delivery. According to WHO, globally about 830women die from pregnancy or childbirth-related complications every day. About 20-30% of all pregnanciesbelong to high-risk category, which is responsible for 70–80% of perinatal mortality and morbidity.Hence, the current study was done to determine the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies and associated highrisk factors among antenatal women in a tertiary care centre of central India.Aims & Objectives: To know the prevalence of high-risk pregnancies and associated high risk factors.Materials and methods: Ethics approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Institutional EthicsCommittee. It is a record-based retrospective longitudinal study done among 3898 antenatal women whohave attended/ referred to our tertiary care institute, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, M.P. duringFebruary 2020 to May 2020.High-risk pregnancy was classified based on the guidelines from the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit MatritvaAbhiyan.Results: Among 3898 antenatal case record reviewed. Results of this study show that the prevalence ofhigh-risk pregnancy among study participants was 16.54%.Most of the pregnant women were in age group of 20-35 years that is 94.72%.Most of the pregnant women were multigravida 57.20% by gestation.Regarding obstetric and neonatal outcomes, majority had normal vaginal delivery (60.6%). The mostcommon high risk factors were history of previous cesarean section 31.94 %, Hypertension in Pregnancy22.17% & Abnormal Presentation were 13.95%.Conclusion: The current study found that almost one-sixth (16.54%) of the pregnant women have highriskpregnancy. Hence, early detection of high-risk pregnancy needs to be done to improve the maternal,obstetric, and neonatal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":92916,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46311109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Heat stress affects both physical and mental tasks. Imbalance in maintenance of temperatureleads to oxidative stress and damage to the body systems. Aim: To evaluate the effect of acute warm waterswim stress on antioxidant status changes in albino rats. Materials and Methods: The present study wasconducted in the Department of Physiology, Meenakshi medical College& Research Institute, Chennai.Twenty male albino rats were randomly divided in to two groups, control group and experimental group.Experimental group of rats were exposed to warm water swim stress at 40oc for duration of 15min ofcontinuous single exposure. The antioxidant status namely enzyme activity (LPO,CAT, SOD & GPx) andnon-enzyme activity (Vitamin C & Vitamin E) were estimated as per standard procedures. Results: Therewas a significant (P<0.001) increase in Lipid peroxidation and was significantly (P<0.001) decrease inenzyme activity (SOD, CAT, & GPx) and non- enzyme activity (Vitamin C & Vitamin E) when comparedwith their normal controls. Conclusion: The changes in antioxidant estimation helps in developing a newapproach in understanding the changes in the body under acute exposure to heat water swim stress whichis mainly responsible for pathophysiological changes and to know the thermoregulatory activities of themammals.
{"title":"Effect of Acute Warm Water Swim Stress on Antioxidant Levels in Swiss Albino Rats","authors":"B. Madhuri, R. Reddy","doi":"10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2604","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heat stress affects both physical and mental tasks. Imbalance in maintenance of temperatureleads to oxidative stress and damage to the body systems. Aim: To evaluate the effect of acute warm waterswim stress on antioxidant status changes in albino rats. Materials and Methods: The present study wasconducted in the Department of Physiology, Meenakshi medical College& Research Institute, Chennai.Twenty male albino rats were randomly divided in to two groups, control group and experimental group.Experimental group of rats were exposed to warm water swim stress at 40oc for duration of 15min ofcontinuous single exposure. The antioxidant status namely enzyme activity (LPO,CAT, SOD & GPx) andnon-enzyme activity (Vitamin C & Vitamin E) were estimated as per standard procedures. Results: Therewas a significant (P<0.001) increase in Lipid peroxidation and was significantly (P<0.001) decrease inenzyme activity (SOD, CAT, & GPx) and non- enzyme activity (Vitamin C & Vitamin E) when comparedwith their normal controls. Conclusion: The changes in antioxidant estimation helps in developing a newapproach in understanding the changes in the body under acute exposure to heat water swim stress whichis mainly responsible for pathophysiological changes and to know the thermoregulatory activities of themammals.","PeriodicalId":92916,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49044721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aging is a universal, inherent, natural phenomenon that occurs in all organism. Aging involves morphologicaland functional changes in cellular and extracellular components leading to progressive decline in mostbiological functions. It causes reduction in strength, basal metabolism, sexual activity and the body’sdefenses.Aging is the progressive decline in the maintenance of homeostasis, which leads to decreased response ofthe body against internal and external stress. It involves imbalance between free radicals and the antioxidantmechanism lead to damaged cells, tissues, and organs resulting in age related changes.With age there is modifications in energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, neuroendocrine function andinduction of hormesis response. Telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, increase of oxidativestress, alteration of insulin-like growth factor and growth hormone signaling are considered to be importantcontributors of aging process.Recently many genes and changes in gene expression have been found associated with aging which affectsmany biological processes and are associated with senescence and oxidative stress.This review focuses on the underlying mechanism of biological aging. With an increase in the number ofelderly population and the patients of age-related diseases, it is becoming increasingly important to considerthese in the field of research. We have attempted to discuss the different aging mechanism along with thenewer concepts, which can give a direction for the future research studies.
{"title":"Mechanism of Biological Aging-A Review","authors":"Namita, M. Mondal, Bandhu Bandhu","doi":"10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2607","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is a universal, inherent, natural phenomenon that occurs in all organism. Aging involves morphologicaland functional changes in cellular and extracellular components leading to progressive decline in mostbiological functions. It causes reduction in strength, basal metabolism, sexual activity and the body’sdefenses.Aging is the progressive decline in the maintenance of homeostasis, which leads to decreased response ofthe body against internal and external stress. It involves imbalance between free radicals and the antioxidantmechanism lead to damaged cells, tissues, and organs resulting in age related changes.With age there is modifications in energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, neuroendocrine function andinduction of hormesis response. Telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, increase of oxidativestress, alteration of insulin-like growth factor and growth hormone signaling are considered to be importantcontributors of aging process.Recently many genes and changes in gene expression have been found associated with aging which affectsmany biological processes and are associated with senescence and oxidative stress.This review focuses on the underlying mechanism of biological aging. With an increase in the number ofelderly population and the patients of age-related diseases, it is becoming increasingly important to considerthese in the field of research. We have attempted to discuss the different aging mechanism along with thenewer concepts, which can give a direction for the future research studies.","PeriodicalId":92916,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46531797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Pahari, Vinita Ailani, J. Bhattacharya, Ritwik Ganguli
Background: The significant physiological effects of psychological depression are beginning to berecognized as exacerbating common diseases, including osteoporosis. This review discusses the currentevidence for psychological depression-associated mental health disorders as risk factors for osteoporosis,the mechanisms that may link these conditions, and potential implications for treatmentOsteoporosis is a major public health threat and depression is second most important cause of disabilityworldwide in 2020. Several studies have reported an association between depression and low bone mineraldensity, but a causal link between these two conditions is disputed.We propose that depression induces earlybone loss in premenopausal women, primarily via specific endocrine mechanisms associated poor lifestylehabits contributory.Aim and Objectives: To find the clinical correlation between depression, serum cortisol, vitamin D,hypothyroidism and BMD in Premenopausal Women.To find out a new risk factor of secondary osteoporosis in premenopausal women.Methods: The study group consisted of 80 osteoporotic female patient’s age range between 30-60years.Thestate of depression was analyzed by using Ham D scale. BMD and endocrine parameters was measured byDEXA and chemiluminisence,ELISA. Statistical correlation analyzed by SPSS22software.Results: A highly significant (P <0.00001) correlation was observedbetween HAM-D score and serumcortisol. The correlation between HAM-D and BMD was also significant (P <0.05).No significant correlationwas found between BMD and serum cortisol (P? 0.05).The correlation of serum vitamin D with BMD wasfar more significant (P<0.00001) compared to the association with TSH (P<0.0001).Discussion & Conclusion: A high score of depression associated with low vitamin D level or high serumcortisol and TSH level which is a risk factor for low BMD in premenopausal women to develop secondaryosteoporosisIt can be concluded that Irrespective of the specific causes, subjects with depression should be consideredfor screening for bone mineral density and, vice versa, subjects with low BMD should be considered forscreening for depression in early stage of life and supplementation of vitamin D with regular physicalactivity in premenopausal women for prevention of secondary osteoporosis.
{"title":"Major Depression Induced Endocrine Modulation is a Risk Factor for Low bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women","authors":"P. Pahari, Vinita Ailani, J. Bhattacharya, Ritwik Ganguli","doi":"10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2608","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The significant physiological effects of psychological depression are beginning to berecognized as exacerbating common diseases, including osteoporosis. This review discusses the currentevidence for psychological depression-associated mental health disorders as risk factors for osteoporosis,the mechanisms that may link these conditions, and potential implications for treatmentOsteoporosis is a major public health threat and depression is second most important cause of disabilityworldwide in 2020. Several studies have reported an association between depression and low bone mineraldensity, but a causal link between these two conditions is disputed.We propose that depression induces earlybone loss in premenopausal women, primarily via specific endocrine mechanisms associated poor lifestylehabits contributory.Aim and Objectives: To find the clinical correlation between depression, serum cortisol, vitamin D,hypothyroidism and BMD in Premenopausal Women.To find out a new risk factor of secondary osteoporosis in premenopausal women.Methods: The study group consisted of 80 osteoporotic female patient’s age range between 30-60years.Thestate of depression was analyzed by using Ham D scale. BMD and endocrine parameters was measured byDEXA and chemiluminisence,ELISA. Statistical correlation analyzed by SPSS22software.Results: A highly significant (P <0.00001) correlation was observedbetween HAM-D score and serumcortisol. The correlation between HAM-D and BMD was also significant (P <0.05).No significant correlationwas found between BMD and serum cortisol (P? 0.05).The correlation of serum vitamin D with BMD wasfar more significant (P<0.00001) compared to the association with TSH (P<0.0001).Discussion & Conclusion: A high score of depression associated with low vitamin D level or high serumcortisol and TSH level which is a risk factor for low BMD in premenopausal women to develop secondaryosteoporosisIt can be concluded that Irrespective of the specific causes, subjects with depression should be consideredfor screening for bone mineral density and, vice versa, subjects with low BMD should be considered forscreening for depression in early stage of life and supplementation of vitamin D with regular physicalactivity in premenopausal women for prevention of secondary osteoporosis.","PeriodicalId":92916,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42626650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In today’s highly-competitive era of modern education, students are constantly exposedto ‘high’ academic stress. Stress, in turn, affects sleep quality. Deterioration in sleep quality adverselyaffects overall health. Yogic breathing exercise i.e., ‘Pranayama’ practice is an easy yet effective way tomaintain sound physical and mental health. Traditional yogic literatures particularly recommend ‘Bhramari’Pranayama (the ‘Humming Bee’ breath) for effectively reducing stress and improving quality of sleep. Dueto lack of specific scientific evidence to support these benefits from Bhramari Pranayama, this study wasundertaken to evaluate the effect of Bhramari Pranayama practice on sleep quality and perceived stress inschool students.Objectives: To evaluate the effect of short-term (6 weeks) practice of Bhramari Pranayama on Sleep Qualityand Perceived Stress in school students.Methodology: After obtaining Ethical clearance, 60 school students of class X were randomly selected forthe study. Assent from participants and written informed consent from their parents were obtained. Afterhistory-taking and general physical examination, ‘baseline’ data including assessment of Sleep quality andPerceived stress were obtained using the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and PSS (Perceived StressScale) questionnaires respectively. Thereafter, Bhramari Pranayama was practiced by the students for 6weeks. Finally, at the end of 6 weeks sleep quality and perceived stress were re-assessed using the abovequestionnaires. Pre- and post- Bhramari pranayama data were compared and analysed using descriptivestatistics and Student’s t-test; p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Post Bhramari Pranayama practice, there was significant improvement in Sleep quality & asignificant reduction in Perceived stress (p-value<0.05).Conclusion: Hence, just a few weeks practice of Bhramari Pranayama significantly improves sleep qualityand reduces perceived stress.
{"title":"Effect of Short-Term Practice of Bhramari Pranayama on Sleep Quality and Perceived Stress in School Students","authors":"Abhishek Kumar, S. Venkatesh","doi":"10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJOP.V9I1.2603","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In today’s highly-competitive era of modern education, students are constantly exposedto ‘high’ academic stress. Stress, in turn, affects sleep quality. Deterioration in sleep quality adverselyaffects overall health. Yogic breathing exercise i.e., ‘Pranayama’ practice is an easy yet effective way tomaintain sound physical and mental health. Traditional yogic literatures particularly recommend ‘Bhramari’Pranayama (the ‘Humming Bee’ breath) for effectively reducing stress and improving quality of sleep. Dueto lack of specific scientific evidence to support these benefits from Bhramari Pranayama, this study wasundertaken to evaluate the effect of Bhramari Pranayama practice on sleep quality and perceived stress inschool students.Objectives: To evaluate the effect of short-term (6 weeks) practice of Bhramari Pranayama on Sleep Qualityand Perceived Stress in school students.Methodology: After obtaining Ethical clearance, 60 school students of class X were randomly selected forthe study. Assent from participants and written informed consent from their parents were obtained. Afterhistory-taking and general physical examination, ‘baseline’ data including assessment of Sleep quality andPerceived stress were obtained using the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and PSS (Perceived StressScale) questionnaires respectively. Thereafter, Bhramari Pranayama was practiced by the students for 6weeks. Finally, at the end of 6 weeks sleep quality and perceived stress were re-assessed using the abovequestionnaires. Pre- and post- Bhramari pranayama data were compared and analysed using descriptivestatistics and Student’s t-test; p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Post Bhramari Pranayama practice, there was significant improvement in Sleep quality & asignificant reduction in Perceived stress (p-value<0.05).Conclusion: Hence, just a few weeks practice of Bhramari Pranayama significantly improves sleep qualityand reduces perceived stress.","PeriodicalId":92916,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46633951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Agriculturea very complex occupation, apart from increasing productivity also brings huge loss to community in terms of its ill effects on human health,plant and animal life. Adverse effects on cardiovascular system is likely to occur due to aggressive use of agrochemicals such as pesticides. Objectives: To Study Changes in ECG due to pesticide exposure among farmers and to Compare these ECG Changes in those farmers with that of normal non-exposed subjects. Materials and Method: A 12 lead ECG was recorded in apparenty healthy male farmers exposed to pesticides and normal non exposed age matched male control subjects and analysed for parameters such as heart rate, PR interval, QTC interval, QRS axis, ST and T wave changes and compared. Results: This study reports significantly increased heart rate, prolonged QTC interval and non-specific ST and T wave changes among pesticide exposed farmers compared to non-exposed control subjects. Conclusion: The current study concludes that there is a need to detect these ECG changes as early as possible so that future risk of cardiovascular disease can be prevented by adapting precautionary measures during application of pesticides. Some form of continuous cardiac monitoring seems advisable. Farmers can be advised to quit toxic chemical fertilizers & pesticides and opt Organic ones to be safe from the hazardous implications of exposure.
{"title":"Effect of Occupational Exposure to Pesticides on Cardiovascular System among Farmers: A Comparative Study","authors":"M. Sunitha, S. J. Bhoopala, S. Bondade","doi":"10.37506/ijop.v8i3.1336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/ijop.v8i3.1336","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Agriculturea very complex occupation, apart from increasing productivity also brings huge \u0000loss to community in terms of its ill effects on human health,plant and animal life. Adverse effects on \u0000cardiovascular system is likely to occur due to aggressive use of agrochemicals such as pesticides. \u0000Objectives: To Study Changes in ECG due to pesticide exposure among farmers and to Compare these ECG \u0000Changes in those farmers with that of normal non-exposed subjects. \u0000Materials and Method: A 12 lead ECG was recorded in apparenty healthy male farmers exposed to \u0000pesticides and normal non exposed age matched male control subjects and analysed for parameters such as \u0000heart rate, PR interval, QTC interval, QRS axis, ST and T wave changes and compared. \u0000Results: This study reports significantly increased heart rate, prolonged QTC interval and non-specific ST \u0000and T wave changes among pesticide exposed farmers compared to non-exposed control subjects. \u0000Conclusion: The current study concludes that there is a need to detect these ECG changes as early as \u0000possible so that future risk of cardiovascular disease can be prevented by adapting precautionary measures \u0000during application of pesticides. Some form of continuous cardiac monitoring seems advisable. Farmers can \u0000be advised to quit toxic chemical fertilizers & pesticides and opt Organic ones to be safe from the hazardous \u0000implications of exposure.","PeriodicalId":92916,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47110569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To correlate the blood pressure changes to intraocular pressure before and after Handgrip exercise Method: Healthy young male adults in the age group of 18-22 years were selected among general population. Sample size was 40. Heart rate and intra ocular pressure (IOP) were recorded at rest and after isometric Handgrip test Results: Handgrip predictably raised Systolic blood pressure has increased significantly from resting of 113.40±5.75 to 133.50±4.29 (p<0.001) immediately after Handgrip exercise SBP has returned back to resting level within 10 min after exercise. Diastolic blood pressure has increased from significantly from resting of 72.45±4.37 to 89.95±3.28 p<0.001) immediately after Handgrip IOP has returned back to baseline level within 10 min after exercise (p-0.001- sig). Right eye IOP has decreased significantly from resting 16.27±1.54 to 13.34±1.32 (p<0.001) after handgrip exercise. Left eye IOP has decreased significantly from resting 16.28±1.55 to 13.04±1.19 (p<0.001)immediately after handgrip exercise;p<0.05). Blood Pressure is significantly and negatively correlated with IOP (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r = -0.352). Conclusion: Isometric Handgrip exercise induces raise in blood pressure and simultaneously lowers IOP which were significant. Hence may prove useful in normotensive glaucomatous patients
{"title":"Correlation of Changes of Blood Pressure and Intra Ocular Pressure After Isometric Handgrip Exercise Test in Young Adults","authors":"P. Rao, H. A. Chethan","doi":"10.37506/IJOP.V8I3.1332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJOP.V8I3.1332","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To correlate the blood pressure changes to intraocular pressure before and after Handgrip exercise \u0000Method: Healthy young male adults in the age group of 18-22 years were selected among general population. \u0000Sample size was 40. Heart rate and intra ocular pressure (IOP) were recorded at rest and after isometric \u0000Handgrip test \u0000Results: Handgrip predictably raised Systolic blood pressure has increased significantly from resting of \u0000113.40±5.75 to 133.50±4.29 (p<0.001) immediately after Handgrip exercise SBP has returned back to \u0000resting level within 10 min after exercise. \u0000Diastolic blood pressure has increased from significantly from resting of 72.45±4.37 to 89.95±3.28 p<0.001) \u0000immediately after Handgrip IOP has returned back to baseline level within 10 min after exercise (p-0.001- \u0000sig). \u0000Right eye IOP has decreased significantly from resting 16.27±1.54 to 13.34±1.32 (p<0.001) after handgrip \u0000exercise. \u0000Left eye IOP has decreased significantly from resting 16.28±1.55 to 13.04±1.19 (p<0.001)immediately after \u0000handgrip exercise;p<0.05). \u0000Blood Pressure is significantly and negatively correlated with IOP (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, \u0000r = -0.352). \u0000Conclusion: Isometric Handgrip exercise induces raise in blood pressure and simultaneously lowers IOP \u0000which were significant. Hence may prove useful in normotensive glaucomatous patients","PeriodicalId":92916,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"74-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41753120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Many studies in medical students show that they experience a high level of stress in Undergraduatecourse(1,2,3,4,5). This high level of stress has detrimental effect on learning and cognitive functioning ofstudents(6).Aim: To determine the level of stress in medical and engineering students using K 10 questionnaire.Results: The response rate of students for questionnaire was 85.6%. High prevalence of stress was noted(experienced both by male and female) in medical compared with engineering students. Stress levels werehigher in first year and final year among medical students. Stress level subsided as the year of study inprofessional course progressed.Conclusion: Stress was found in both medical and engineering students with higher stress levels in femalesas compared to males. There is a pressing need to teach students to handle stress.
{"title":"The Comparative Study on Stress of Medical and Engineering Students by Using Kessler’s k-10 Questionnaire","authors":"A. P. Kulkarni, R. Rohilla, B. Reddy, J. Behera","doi":"10.37506/IJOP.V8I2.1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJOP.V8I2.1235","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Many studies in medical students show that they experience a high level of stress in Undergraduatecourse(1,2,3,4,5). This high level of stress has detrimental effect on learning and cognitive functioning ofstudents(6).Aim: To determine the level of stress in medical and engineering students using K 10 questionnaire.Results: The response rate of students for questionnaire was 85.6%. High prevalence of stress was noted(experienced both by male and female) in medical compared with engineering students. Stress levels werehigher in first year and final year among medical students. Stress level subsided as the year of study inprofessional course progressed.Conclusion: Stress was found in both medical and engineering students with higher stress levels in femalesas compared to males. There is a pressing need to teach students to handle stress.","PeriodicalId":92916,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48463964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. ChandrashekharD, Anandkumar, K. JayalakshmiM, P. Babu
Background: The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced,killing more than 8 million people a year. In 2002, about 20% of young teens smoked worldwide, half ofthose who begin smoking in adolescent years are projected to go on to smoke for 15 to 20 years. Smokingincreases the risk of developing coronary artery disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and various malignancies. Smoking is being recognized as the most important causative factor forCOPD. While studies have shown an overall ‘dose response curve” for smoking and lung function, someindividuals develop severe disease within few years of smoking, whereas some individuals show minimalto no clinical symptoms even after many years of smoking. Hence the following cross sectional study wasundertaken to assess the extent of decline in lung function parameters with duration of smoking in youngadults with no apparent clinical features of COPD.Objectives: To assess the impact of duration of smoking on various lung function parameters in young adultmales.Materials and Method: Fifty apparently healthy, young smokers were selected for the study. Pulmonaryfunction test was evaluated by computerized spirometer (UNI-EM SPIROMIN). Correlation betweenduration of smoking and various lung function parameters was analyzed by ANNOVA.Results: All parameters were found to decline with duration of smoking, however the decline in FVC andFEV1 were statistically significant.Conclusion: Duration of smoking is correlated strongly with decline in FVC and FEV1 values.
{"title":"Impact of Duration of Smoking on Lung Function Parameters in Young Adult Males","authors":"M. ChandrashekharD, Anandkumar, K. JayalakshmiM, P. Babu","doi":"10.37506/IJOP.V8I2.1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/IJOP.V8I2.1236","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced,killing more than 8 million people a year. In 2002, about 20% of young teens smoked worldwide, half ofthose who begin smoking in adolescent years are projected to go on to smoke for 15 to 20 years. Smokingincreases the risk of developing coronary artery disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and various malignancies. Smoking is being recognized as the most important causative factor forCOPD. While studies have shown an overall ‘dose response curve” for smoking and lung function, someindividuals develop severe disease within few years of smoking, whereas some individuals show minimalto no clinical symptoms even after many years of smoking. Hence the following cross sectional study wasundertaken to assess the extent of decline in lung function parameters with duration of smoking in youngadults with no apparent clinical features of COPD.Objectives: To assess the impact of duration of smoking on various lung function parameters in young adultmales.Materials and Method: Fifty apparently healthy, young smokers were selected for the study. Pulmonaryfunction test was evaluated by computerized spirometer (UNI-EM SPIROMIN). Correlation betweenduration of smoking and various lung function parameters was analyzed by ANNOVA.Results: All parameters were found to decline with duration of smoking, however the decline in FVC andFEV1 were statistically significant.Conclusion: Duration of smoking is correlated strongly with decline in FVC and FEV1 values.","PeriodicalId":92916,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47460411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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