Liam Van Gaal, Shuichi Toyouchi, Mayank Goyal, Nadine Schrenker, Sumea Klokic, Peiran Wang, Heinz Amenitsch, Emmanuel Lhuillier, Sara Bals, Bapi Pradhan and Elke Debroye
Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites have emerged as a promising alternative to their three-dimensional counterparts, offering superior ambient stability and enhanced moisture resistance. Additionally, A-site multi-cation perovskites have gained attention for their ability to improve stability and enhance optoelectronic device performance. Despite these advantages, the synthesis of multi-cation 2D perovskites has traditionally been limited by complex and time-intensive methods, hindering their broader application potential. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a ligand-assisted reprecipitation synthesis approach to produce high-quality 2D formamidinium–guanidinium lead iodide perovskites. By varying the ratio of surface capping ligands, aspect-ratio-tuned nanowires (NWs) were obtained. Phase-pure NWs were confirmed from grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy. A single particle optical study pointed out that these confined structures of 2D perovskites were shown to exhibit non-linear optical (NLO) anisotropy in the form of third-harmonic generation and two-photon photoluminescence along the growth direction of the NWs. To demonstrate practical applicability, flexible photodetectors based on these NWs were fabricated, exhibiting a two-order-of-magnitude increase of conductance under UV illumination (405 nm) upon increasing the irradiance from 1 mW cm−2 to 1 W cm−2, with sub-50 µs response times. Power-dependent photoconductivity measurements further revealed that photo-carrier generation is limited by a bimolecular recombination process originating from band-to-band recombination, highlighting the intrinsic charge transport dynamics of the system.
二维（2D）卤化铅钙钛矿已成为三维同类产品的有前途的替代品，具有优越的环境稳定性和增强的防潮性。此外，a位多阳离子钙钛矿因其提高稳定性和增强光电器件性能的能力而受到关注。尽管有这些优点，传统上多阳离子二维钙钛矿的合成受到复杂和耗时的方法的限制，阻碍了它们更广泛的应用潜力。在这项工作中，我们展示了使用配体辅助再沉淀合成方法来生产高质量的二维甲脒-胍类碘化铅钙钛矿。通过改变表面盖层配体的比例，获得了宽高比调谐的纳米线。通过掠入射广角x射线散射和四维扫描透射电镜证实了相纯NWs。单粒子光学研究指出，这些受限结构的二维钙钛矿沿NWs生长方向表现出三次谐波和双光子光致发光的非线性光学（NLO）各向异性。为了证明其实际适用性，我们制作了基于这些NWs的柔性光电探测器，当辐照度从1 mW cm - 2增加到1 W cm - 2时，在紫外光照射（405 nm）下电导增加了两个数量级，响应时间低于50µs。功率相关的光电导率测量进一步表明，光载流子的产生受到源于带到带重组的双分子重组过程的限制，突出了系统的内在电荷传输动力学。
{"title":"Ligand assisted reprecipitation of formamidinium–guanidinium lead iodide 2D perovskite nanowires","authors":"Liam Van Gaal, Shuichi Toyouchi, Mayank Goyal, Nadine Schrenker, Sumea Klokic, Peiran Wang, Heinz Amenitsch, Emmanuel Lhuillier, Sara Bals, Bapi Pradhan and Elke Debroye","doi":"10.1039/D5NR04638F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5NR04638F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites have emerged as a promising alternative to their three-dimensional counterparts, offering superior ambient stability and enhanced moisture resistance. Additionally, A-site multi-cation perovskites have gained attention for their ability to improve stability and enhance optoelectronic device performance. Despite these advantages, the synthesis of multi-cation 2D perovskites has traditionally been limited by complex and time-intensive methods, hindering their broader application potential. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a ligand-assisted reprecipitation synthesis approach to produce high-quality 2D formamidinium–guanidinium lead iodide perovskites. By varying the ratio of surface capping ligands, aspect-ratio-tuned nanowires (NWs) were obtained. Phase-pure NWs were confirmed from grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy. A single particle optical study pointed out that these confined structures of 2D perovskites were shown to exhibit non-linear optical (NLO) anisotropy in the form of third-harmonic generation and two-photon photoluminescence along the growth direction of the NWs. To demonstrate practical applicability, flexible photodetectors based on these NWs were fabricated, exhibiting a two-order-of-magnitude increase of conductance under UV illumination (405 nm) upon increasing the irradiance from 1 mW cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> to 1 W cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small>, with sub-50 µs response times. Power-dependent photoconductivity measurements further revealed that photo-carrier generation is limited by a bimolecular recombination process originating from band-to-band recombination, highlighting the intrinsic charge transport dynamics of the system.</p>","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":" 48","pages":" 28123-28133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/nr/d5nr04638f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transition-metal metaphosphates have emerged as promising non-noble oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts in alkaline fuel cells, but their poor conductivity and structural instability hinder practical application. Here, we report a novel etching-templating dual strategy that enables the structural directing construction of carbon-supported iron metaphosphate nanocatalysts. The process is driven by n-hexylphosphonic acid (HPA), which simultaneously serves as the phosphorus source, soft template, and carbon precursor. In situ etching and templating yields a lamellar Fe-HPA intermediate with pre-organized Fe2+, phosphate, and alkyl component. Subsequent two-step heat treatment carbonizes the alkyl chains into a conductive matrix, enhances graphitization, and ensures uniform dispersion of Fe(PO3)2 nanocatalysts. The obtained carbon flakes supported Fe-metaphosphate nanodots demonstrate a high ORR onset potential of 0.85 V (vs. RHE) and a nearly four-electron transfer pathway. This work introduces a scable templating strategy for one-pot integration of active metal phosphates and conductive carbon, offering a new platform for designing cost-effective electrocatalysts and beyond.
{"title":"An etching-templating dual strategy for the in situ synthesis of carbon-supported iron metaphosphate and application as electrocatalyst","authors":"Jingbo Huang, Junzheng Wei, Wei Sang, Qifu Zhang, Yongda Guo, Yating Hu","doi":"10.1039/d5nr03401a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03401a","url":null,"abstract":"Transition-metal metaphosphates have emerged as promising non-noble oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts in alkaline fuel cells, but their poor conductivity and structural instability hinder practical application. Here, we report a novel etching-templating dual strategy that enables the structural directing construction of carbon-supported iron metaphosphate nanocatalysts. The process is driven by n-hexylphosphonic acid (HPA), which simultaneously serves as the phosphorus source, soft template, and carbon precursor. In situ etching and templating yields a lamellar Fe-HPA intermediate with pre-organized Fe2+, phosphate, and alkyl component. Subsequent two-step heat treatment carbonizes the alkyl chains into a conductive matrix, enhances graphitization, and ensures uniform dispersion of Fe(PO3)2 nanocatalysts. The obtained carbon flakes supported Fe-metaphosphate nanodots demonstrate a high ORR onset potential of 0.85 V (vs. RHE) and a nearly four-electron transfer pathway. This work introduces a scable templating strategy for one-pot integration of active metal phosphates and conductive carbon, offering a new platform for designing cost-effective electrocatalysts and beyond.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biotinylation is a widely used technique for tagging molecules to enable their detection, isolation, or immobilization. Reliable detection of biotinylated molecules is critical for maintaining the integrity of downstream processes and ensuring the accuracy of analytical and diagnostic assays. Here, we present a novel strategy for a highly sensitive analysis of biotinylated targets based on gold nanoparticle counting. This approach integrates a high-resolution microfluidic resistive pulse sensor with a competitive nanodimer formation assay. In this method, biotinylated targets inhibit nanodimer formation between biotin- and streptavidin-modified gold nanoparticles, resulting in fewer nanodimers being produced. The change in nanodimer quantity is then measured by the resistive pulse sensor, allowing both the presence and concentration of the biotinylated target to be quantified. Using biotinylated BSA as a model target, we demonstrated that changes as small as 0.7606 pg mL−1 produced a significantly detectable shift in dimer ratio. Leveraging its single-particle detection capability, this strategy provides ultra-sensitive quantification with minimal calibration and sample preparation. The ability of our approach to universally detect biotinylated molecules holds great potential to advance a wide range of biotinylation applications in biotechnology, diagnostics and tissue engineering.
{"title":"High sensitivity detection of biotinylated molecules using a high-resolution resistive pulse sensor","authors":"Heyi Chen, Jacob Brown, Ge Zhang and Jiang Zhe","doi":"10.1039/D5NR03922C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5NR03922C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biotinylation is a widely used technique for tagging molecules to enable their detection, isolation, or immobilization. Reliable detection of biotinylated molecules is critical for maintaining the integrity of downstream processes and ensuring the accuracy of analytical and diagnostic assays. Here, we present a novel strategy for a highly sensitive analysis of biotinylated targets based on gold nanoparticle counting. This approach integrates a high-resolution microfluidic resistive pulse sensor with a competitive nanodimer formation assay. In this method, biotinylated targets inhibit nanodimer formation between biotin- and streptavidin-modified gold nanoparticles, resulting in fewer nanodimers being produced. The change in nanodimer quantity is then measured by the resistive pulse sensor, allowing both the presence and concentration of the biotinylated target to be quantified. Using biotinylated BSA as a model target, we demonstrated that changes as small as 0.7606 pg mL<small><sup>−1</sup></small> produced a significantly detectable shift in dimer ratio. Leveraging its single-particle detection capability, this strategy provides ultra-sensitive quantification with minimal calibration and sample preparation. The ability of our approach to universally detect biotinylated molecules holds great potential to advance a wide range of biotinylation applications in biotechnology, diagnostics and tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":" 48","pages":" 27900-27910"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/nr/d5nr03922c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yogin Patel, Pei Huan Sun, Bryan Llumiquinga, Nandi Bao, Jonathan Shi, Adrien Duran, Charm O Nicholas, Rituparna Mohanty, Nare Cho, Iris You, Stephen Tse, Jonathan P. Singer
Carbon fiber composites (CFC) are distinguished by their remarkable strength-to-weight ratio, rendering them exceptionally suitable for various applications. This study explores replacing the conventional polymer epoxy matrix in CFCs with macropore-infused graphene nanocomposite emulsion thermosets (MINETs) based on easily sourced materials. The explored MINETs are formed from epoxy resin, graphene particles, and different oils as working fluids. This approach allows CFCs to exhibit multifunctional properties, including enhanced thermal conductivity and flame resistance, making them ideal for fire-proof drone enclosures, electronic casings, and thermal-energy-storage equipment applications. The thermal conductivity was further increased by adding carbon nanotubes (CNT) to the MINET matrix. The rheological properties of MINET allowed for CNT loading concurrently alongside graphene, without preventing processing. Rheological evaluations and Vickers hardness assessments were conducted to optimize the maximum CNT loading for efficient molding and robust mechanical properties. Thermal conductivity analysis demonstrated that CNT-reinforced MINET composites have a higher thermal conductivity when compared to standard graphene-MINET formulations. Infrared thermal imaging confirmed that CFC MINET composites have better dynamic heat transfer properties than CFC epoxy samples. Flammability tests indicated an improved flame resistance, particularly for silicone oil CFC MINET CNT formulations. The results indicate that CNT-infused CFC MINET exhibits exceptional thermal management and enhanced fire resistance co-optimized with mechanical properties, thus rendering it ideal for high heat dissipation, thermal stability, and flame retardancy.
{"title":"Enhancing Thermal Conductivity and Flame Resistance of Carbon Fiber Composites using CNT-infused Multiphase Graphene Resins","authors":"Yogin Patel, Pei Huan Sun, Bryan Llumiquinga, Nandi Bao, Jonathan Shi, Adrien Duran, Charm O Nicholas, Rituparna Mohanty, Nare Cho, Iris You, Stephen Tse, Jonathan P. Singer","doi":"10.1039/d5nr03659c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03659c","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fiber composites (CFC) are distinguished by their remarkable strength-to-weight ratio, rendering them exceptionally suitable for various applications. This study explores replacing the conventional polymer epoxy matrix in CFCs with macropore-infused graphene nanocomposite emulsion thermosets (MINETs) based on easily sourced materials. The explored MINETs are formed from epoxy resin, graphene particles, and different oils as working fluids. This approach allows CFCs to exhibit multifunctional properties, including enhanced thermal conductivity and flame resistance, making them ideal for fire-proof drone enclosures, electronic casings, and thermal-energy-storage equipment applications. The thermal conductivity was further increased by adding carbon nanotubes (CNT) to the MINET matrix. The rheological properties of MINET allowed for CNT loading concurrently alongside graphene, without preventing processing. Rheological evaluations and Vickers hardness assessments were conducted to optimize the maximum CNT loading for efficient molding and robust mechanical properties. Thermal conductivity analysis demonstrated that CNT-reinforced MINET composites have a higher thermal conductivity when compared to standard graphene-MINET formulations. Infrared thermal imaging confirmed that CFC MINET composites have better dynamic heat transfer properties than CFC epoxy samples. Flammability tests indicated an improved flame resistance, particularly for silicone oil CFC MINET CNT formulations. The results indicate that CNT-infused CFC MINET exhibits exceptional thermal management and enhanced fire resistance co-optimized with mechanical properties, thus rendering it ideal for high heat dissipation, thermal stability, and flame retardancy.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pan Hu, Shaowei Feng, Yong-Cai Shi, Qiping Du, Lingyun Li, Kunfeng Chen, Dongfeng Xue
Near-infrared phosphor-converted LEDs (NIR pc-LEDs) represent a pivotal advancement in the next-generation NIR light sources, owing to their compact form factor and tunable spectra. However, the performance of devices is currently constrained by the limited luminescence efficiency and inadequate thermal stability of converted materials, coupled with the low absorption rate of phosphors for blue light. Ceramic phosphors (CPs), which exhibit high thermal conductivity and excellent thermal stability have emerged as a highly promising candidate material to address these challenges. This article presents a systematic review of the latest materials systems for NIR CPs, with a focus on analyzing their luminescent performances, thermal properties, and electro-optical conversion efficiency. It also offers perspectives on future development trends, aiming to provide a valuable reference for advancing high-performance NIR lighting and detection technologies.
{"title":"Advances in Atomic-to-Nanoscale Cr3+ lattice Engineering for Near-Infrared Emitting Ceramic Phosphors","authors":"Pan Hu, Shaowei Feng, Yong-Cai Shi, Qiping Du, Lingyun Li, Kunfeng Chen, Dongfeng Xue","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04136h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04136h","url":null,"abstract":"Near-infrared phosphor-converted LEDs (NIR pc-LEDs) represent a pivotal advancement in the next-generation NIR light sources, owing to their compact form factor and tunable spectra. However, the performance of devices is currently constrained by the limited luminescence efficiency and inadequate thermal stability of converted materials, coupled with the low absorption rate of phosphors for blue light. Ceramic phosphors (CPs), which exhibit high thermal conductivity and excellent thermal stability have emerged as a highly promising candidate material to address these challenges. This article presents a systematic review of the latest materials systems for NIR CPs, with a focus on analyzing their luminescent performances, thermal properties, and electro-optical conversion efficiency. It also offers perspectives on future development trends, aiming to provide a valuable reference for advancing high-performance NIR lighting and detection technologies.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Khatibi, Miryam Arredondo, Paul Maguire, Davide Mariotti
Nanostructured single-phase metal crystals with single and well-defined crystal structures exhibit unique, predictable, and stable properties that are distinct from those of multiphase crystals. However, synthesizing such pure nanocrystals is challenging, as bismuth exhibits multiple polymorphs and crystal phases that often prevent achieving monophase crystals, especially under atmospheric pressure. . In this study, we present a gas-phase synthesis method using non-equilibrium plasma to produce high-purity, monophase bismuth nanocrystals (BiNCs) at atmospheric pressure. This approach employs a solid bismuth precursor, eliminating the need for hazardous solvents and offering a safer, more environmentally friendly alternative. By controlling plasma absorbed power and incorporating hydrogen to the process gas, localized melting and surface nucleation are promoted, resulting in the formation of BiNCs with a rhombohedral crystal phase. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the crystallinity of the BiNCs, exhibiting sharp faceting in some cases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the nanocrystals were predominantly composed of elemental bismuth with minimal surface oxidation when exposed to the atmosphere.
{"title":"Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Synthesis of Monophase Bismuth Nanocrystals","authors":"Ali Khatibi, Miryam Arredondo, Paul Maguire, Davide Mariotti","doi":"10.1039/d5nr03611a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03611a","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured single-phase metal crystals with single and well-defined crystal structures exhibit unique, predictable, and stable properties that are distinct from those of multiphase crystals. However, synthesizing such pure nanocrystals is challenging, as bismuth exhibits multiple polymorphs and crystal phases that often prevent achieving monophase crystals, especially under atmospheric pressure. . In this study, we present a gas-phase synthesis method using non-equilibrium plasma to produce high-purity, monophase bismuth nanocrystals (BiNCs) at atmospheric pressure. This approach employs a solid bismuth precursor, eliminating the need for hazardous solvents and offering a safer, more environmentally friendly alternative. By controlling plasma absorbed power and incorporating hydrogen to the process gas, localized melting and surface nucleation are promoted, resulting in the formation of BiNCs with a rhombohedral crystal phase. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the crystallinity of the BiNCs, exhibiting sharp faceting in some cases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the nanocrystals were predominantly composed of elemental bismuth with minimal surface oxidation when exposed to the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaibhav Gupta, José Luis Montaño-Priede, Eric Goerlitzer, Mario Zapata-Herrera, Nerea Zabala, Shu Hu, Ruben Esteban, Jeremy J. Baumberg, Javier Aizpurua, Nicolas Vogel
Plasmonic nanocavities, formed by closely spaced metal nanostructures, can generate electromagnetic hotspots with significantly enhanced electromagnetic fields. Here, we introduce a strategy to form accessible hotspots regions within plasmonic double disc nanoantennas, which we use to enhance the luminescence properties of colloidal quantum dots. The nanoantennas, formed by two gold discs separated by a silica spacer, are fabricated via colloidal lithography. A controlled wet-chemical etching step partly removes the spacer, thereby exposing the cavity gap, which enables colloidal quantum dot deposition. Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulations are used to study the plasmonic properties of this structure and their influence on the quantum dot emission profile. These show that the gap opening leads to distinct plasmonic properties capable of enhancing the quantum yield via coupling to the excitation (633 nm) and emission (900 nm) wavelengths of the QDs. Experimentally, QDs deposited into the exposed gap by capillary forces exhibit up to a tenfold increase in photoluminescence compared to a continuous gold film and a 3.5-fold enhancement over nanoantennas with a closed gap.These findings highlight the potential of precise structural control in plasmonic devices to enhance and control emission properties of colloidal light sources.
{"title":"Emission Enhancement of Colloidal Quantum Dots Confined in Double Disc Nano-antennas with Controlled Opening","authors":"Vaibhav Gupta, José Luis Montaño-Priede, Eric Goerlitzer, Mario Zapata-Herrera, Nerea Zabala, Shu Hu, Ruben Esteban, Jeremy J. Baumberg, Javier Aizpurua, Nicolas Vogel","doi":"10.1039/d5nr03524d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03524d","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic nanocavities, formed by closely spaced metal nanostructures, can generate electromagnetic hotspots with significantly enhanced electromagnetic fields. Here, we introduce a strategy to form accessible hotspots regions within plasmonic double disc nanoantennas, which we use to enhance the luminescence properties of colloidal quantum dots. The nanoantennas, formed by two gold discs separated by a silica spacer, are fabricated via colloidal lithography. A controlled wet-chemical etching step partly removes the spacer, thereby exposing the cavity gap, which enables colloidal quantum dot deposition. Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulations are used to study the plasmonic properties of this structure and their influence on the quantum dot emission profile. These show that the gap opening leads to distinct plasmonic properties capable of enhancing the quantum yield via coupling to the excitation (633 nm) and emission (900 nm) wavelengths of the QDs. Experimentally, QDs deposited into the exposed gap by capillary forces exhibit up to a tenfold increase in photoluminescence compared to a continuous gold film and a 3.5-fold enhancement over nanoantennas with a closed gap.These findings highlight the potential of precise structural control in plasmonic devices to enhance and control emission properties of colloidal light sources.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianyu Wang, Huanchun Xing, Lin Wang, Zhongxing Xu, Xin Sui, Yuan Luo, Liao Shen, Xiuli Zhao, Jun Yang, Yongan Wang
Paclitaxel (PTX) kills tumors cells by stabilizing microtubules to induce apoptosis, but its efficacy is limited by resistance mediated by the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin. Targeting inhibition of Survivin with siRNA could synergistically enhance PTX-induced apoptosis; However, nucleic acid-based therapeutics, such as siRNA, exhibit high instability and susceptibility to degradation, making their efficacy highly dependent on specialized delivery systems. Thus, co-delivery systems for PTX and siRNA are critical to achieve synergistic antitumor activity. Natural products present several advantages, including wide availability, high biocompatibility, and multi-target synergistic effects, offering promising approaches to construct a co-delivery system. In this study, a co-delivery system integrating siRNA and PTX based on natural products was developed. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) not only serves as the structural backbone but also enhances tumor-targeting capability and inhibits tumor cell migration. The edible cationic polymer chitooligosaccharide (COS) efficiently encapsulates siRNA, ensuring safe and efficient delivery. This Co-delivery system based on natural synergy enables multi-level cooperation: Rg3 mediates targeted transport, PTX triggers apoptosis, and COS-assisted siRNA silences Survivin, thereby ensuring precise targeting and promoting complete tumor apoptosis, highlighting a promising strategy for the application of natural products in cancer therapy.
{"title":"Natural Synergy-Based Nanosystem Co-Delivering siRNA and Paclitaxel for Full-Stage Apoptosis Promotion in Melanoma","authors":"Jianyu Wang, Huanchun Xing, Lin Wang, Zhongxing Xu, Xin Sui, Yuan Luo, Liao Shen, Xiuli Zhao, Jun Yang, Yongan Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04046a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04046a","url":null,"abstract":"Paclitaxel (PTX) kills tumors cells by stabilizing microtubules to induce apoptosis, but its efficacy is limited by resistance mediated by the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin. Targeting inhibition of Survivin with siRNA could synergistically enhance PTX-induced apoptosis; However, nucleic acid-based therapeutics, such as siRNA, exhibit high instability and susceptibility to degradation, making their efficacy highly dependent on specialized delivery systems. Thus, co-delivery systems for PTX and siRNA are critical to achieve synergistic antitumor activity. Natural products present several advantages, including wide availability, high biocompatibility, and multi-target synergistic effects, offering promising approaches to construct a co-delivery system. In this study, a co-delivery system integrating siRNA and PTX based on natural products was developed. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) not only serves as the structural backbone but also enhances tumor-targeting capability and inhibits tumor cell migration. The edible cationic polymer chitooligosaccharide (COS) efficiently encapsulates siRNA, ensuring safe and efficient delivery. This Co-delivery system based on natural synergy enables multi-level cooperation: Rg3 mediates targeted transport, PTX triggers apoptosis, and COS-assisted siRNA silences Survivin, thereby ensuring precise targeting and promoting complete tumor apoptosis, highlighting a promising strategy for the application of natural products in cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is well known that interactions between the support and metal particles, called metal–support interactions, considerably affect the activity of supported metal catalysts. Two representative consequences of these interactions are the formation of lattice defects at the metal–support perimeter and the change in the charge state of metal particles. However, the identification of control parameters for tuning metal–support interactions is not simple because many factors can affect metal–support interactions. Herein, a model Pt/TiO2 catalyst based on an epitaxial TiO2 thin film was developed and the distribution of oxygen defects and the charge state of Pt on this catalyst were investigated using scanning transmission microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations. Results showed that oxygen vacancies are easily formed just below Pt nanoparticles. Moreover, it was revealed that Pt nanoparticles supported on TiO2 (101) are negatively charged. Oxygen vacancies promote charge transfer to Pt nanoparticles, and Pt becomes more negatively charged than that on stoichiomectric TiO2. This study demonstrates that the charge state of Pt is affected by the presence of oxygen vacancies on the support, providing an important guideline for controlling metal–support interactions to develop catalysts with desired properties.
{"title":"Distribution of Oxygen vacancies and Their Impact on the Charge State of Pt on TiO2","authors":"Ryugen Suzuki, Hisahiro Einaga, Hajime Hojo","doi":"10.1039/d5nr02953h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr02953h","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that interactions between the support and metal particles, called metal–support interactions, considerably affect the activity of supported metal catalysts. Two representative consequences of these interactions are the formation of lattice defects at the metal–support perimeter and the change in the charge state of metal particles. However, the identification of control parameters for tuning metal–support interactions is not simple because many factors can affect metal–support interactions. Herein, a model Pt/TiO<small><sub>2</sub></small> catalyst based on an epitaxial TiO<small><sub>2</sub></small> thin film was developed and the distribution of oxygen defects and the charge state of Pt on this catalyst were investigated using scanning transmission microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations. Results showed that oxygen vacancies are easily formed just below Pt nanoparticles. Moreover, it was revealed that Pt nanoparticles supported on TiO<small><sub>2</sub></small> (101) are negatively charged. Oxygen vacancies promote charge transfer to Pt nanoparticles, and Pt becomes more negatively charged than that on stoichiomectric TiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>. This study demonstrates that the charge state of Pt is affected by the presence of oxygen vacancies on the support, providing an important guideline for controlling metal–support interactions to develop catalysts with desired properties.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) have attracted considerable research interest as key materials for next-generation integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, the atomic layer materials are vulnerable to environmental influences. In addtion, their ultimate thinness limits the effective length of light-matter interaction, restricting their emission intensity. Although bulk and few-layer TMDCs exhibit better environmental robustness, they typically suffer from indirect bandgap transitions, resulting in reduced optoelectronic efficiency. In this work, we report an in-situ processing strategy to induce direct-bandgap exciton emission from few-layer (2-4 layers) MoS2. A combined approach of mild oxygen plasma treatment and subsequent laser irradiation is employed to modify the fewlayer MoS2. Following the treatments, we observe pronounced photoluminescence (PL) emission in the suspended few-layer MoS2, in contrast to the PL quenching effect detected in substrate-supported areas. Such large difference in PL intensity is attributed to thermally driven interlayer decoupling of the few-layer MoS2, which occurs exclusively in the suspended regions due to their significantly elevated temperature. The plasma treatment is essential for the interlayer decoupling by injecting oxygen ions into the van der Waals gaps according to the molecular dynamic simulation. These oxygen ions can potentially form oxygen molecules under laser-induced heat, leading to the expansion of van der Waals gaps. These findings demonstrate the potential for spatially selective PL enhancement in few-layer MoS2. As a proof of concept, high-contrast PL patterns in bilayer MoS2 are prepared, showcasing its promising application in anti-counterfeiting labeling. Furthermore, this work provides high-performance light-emitting materials for diverse photonic and optoelectronic applications.
{"title":"Strong direct-bandgap photoluminescence of suspended few-layer MoS2 via interlayer decoupling","authors":"Jiahao Wu, Jinyan Huang, Juncong She, Shasha Li","doi":"10.1039/d5nr03582a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03582a","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) have attracted considerable research interest as key materials for next-generation integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, the atomic layer materials are vulnerable to environmental influences. In addtion, their ultimate thinness limits the effective length of light-matter interaction, restricting their emission intensity. Although bulk and few-layer TMDCs exhibit better environmental robustness, they typically suffer from indirect bandgap transitions, resulting in reduced optoelectronic efficiency. In this work, we report an in-situ processing strategy to induce direct-bandgap exciton emission from few-layer (2-4 layers) MoS2. A combined approach of mild oxygen plasma treatment and subsequent laser irradiation is employed to modify the fewlayer MoS2. Following the treatments, we observe pronounced photoluminescence (PL) emission in the suspended few-layer MoS2, in contrast to the PL quenching effect detected in substrate-supported areas. Such large difference in PL intensity is attributed to thermally driven interlayer decoupling of the few-layer MoS2, which occurs exclusively in the suspended regions due to their significantly elevated temperature. The plasma treatment is essential for the interlayer decoupling by injecting oxygen ions into the van der Waals gaps according to the molecular dynamic simulation. These oxygen ions can potentially form oxygen molecules under laser-induced heat, leading to the expansion of van der Waals gaps. These findings demonstrate the potential for spatially selective PL enhancement in few-layer MoS2. As a proof of concept, high-contrast PL patterns in bilayer MoS2 are prepared, showcasing its promising application in anti-counterfeiting labeling. Furthermore, this work provides high-performance light-emitting materials for diverse photonic and optoelectronic applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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