Arthur Rohaert, J. Wahlqvist, H. Najmanová, Nikolai Bode, E. Ronchi
This paper presents guidance on data-fitting approaches in the context of pedestrian and evacuation dynamics research. In particular, it examines parametric and non-parametric regression techniques for analysing speed/flow density relationships. Parametric models assume predefined functional forms, while non-parametric models provide flexibility to capture complex relationships. This paper evaluates a range of traditional statistical approaches and machine-learning techniques. It emphasises the importance of weighting unbalanced datasets to enhance model accuracy. Practical applications are illustrated using traffic and pedestrian evacuation data. This paper is intended to stimulate discussion on best practices for developing, calibrating, and testing macroscopic and microscopic evacuation models. It does not prescribe a one-size-fits-all solution for evacuation data fitting approaches, but it provides an overview of existing methods and analyses their advantages and limitations.
{"title":"Evaluation of Data Fitting Approaches for Speed/Flow Density Relationships","authors":"Arthur Rohaert, J. Wahlqvist, H. Najmanová, Nikolai Bode, E. Ronchi","doi":"10.17815/cd.2024.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17815/cd.2024.177","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents guidance on data-fitting approaches in the context of pedestrian and evacuation dynamics research. In particular, it examines parametric and non-parametric regression techniques for analysing speed/flow density relationships. Parametric models assume predefined functional forms, while non-parametric models provide flexibility to capture complex relationships. This paper evaluates a range of traditional statistical approaches and machine-learning techniques. It emphasises the importance of weighting unbalanced datasets to enhance model accuracy. Practical applications are illustrated using traffic and pedestrian evacuation data. \u0000This paper is intended to stimulate discussion on best practices for developing, calibrating, and testing macroscopic and microscopic evacuation models. It does not prescribe a one-size-fits-all solution for evacuation data fitting approaches, but it provides an overview of existing methods and analyses their advantages and limitations.","PeriodicalId":93276,"journal":{"name":"Collective dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Predicting pedestrian dynamics is a complex task as pedestrian speed is influenced by various external factors. This study investigates neighboring factors that can be used to improve pedestrian walking speed prediction accuracy in both low- and high-density scenarios. Different factors are proposed, including Mean Distance, Time-to-Collision, and Front Effect, and data for each factor is extracted from different public datasets. The collected data at time t is used to train a neural network to predict the pedestrian walking speed at time t + ∆t. Predictions are evaluated using the Mean Absolute Error. Our results demonstrate that incorporating the Front Effect significantly improves prediction accuracy in both low- and high-density scenarios, whereas the Mean Distance factor only proves effective in high-density cases. On the other hand, no significant improvement is observed when considering the Time-to-Collision factor. These preliminary findings can be utilized to enhance the accuracy of pedestrian dynamics predictions by incorporating these factors as additional features within the model.
预测行人动态是一项复杂的任务，因为行人速度受到各种外部因素的影响。本研究调查了可用于提高低密度和高密度场景下行人步行速度预测准确性的邻近因素。研究提出了不同的因素，包括平均距离、碰撞时间和前方效应，并从不同的公共数据集中提取了每个因素的数据。收集到的时间 t 的数据用于训练神经网络，以预测时间 t + ∆t 时的行人步行速度。预测结果使用平均绝对误差进行评估。我们的结果表明，在低密度和高密度情况下，加入前方效应都能显著提高预测准确性，而平均距离因子仅在高密度情况下有效。另一方面，在考虑碰撞时间因素时，没有观察到明显改善。可以利用这些初步研究结果，将这些因素作为附加特征纳入模型中，从而提高行人动态预测的准确性。
{"title":"Improving Pedestrian Dynamics Predictions Using Neighboring Factors","authors":"Huu-Tu Dang, B. Gaudou, N. Verstaevel","doi":"10.17815/cd.2024.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17815/cd.2024.178","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting pedestrian dynamics is a complex task as pedestrian speed is influenced by various external factors. This study investigates neighboring factors that can be used to improve pedestrian walking speed prediction accuracy in both low- and high-density scenarios. Different factors are proposed, including Mean Distance, Time-to-Collision, and Front Effect, and data for each factor is extracted from different public datasets. The collected data at time t is used to train a neural network to predict the pedestrian walking speed at time t + ∆t. Predictions are evaluated using the Mean Absolute Error. Our results demonstrate that incorporating the Front Effect significantly improves prediction accuracy in both low- and high-density scenarios, whereas the Mean Distance factor only proves effective in high-density cases. On the other hand, no significant improvement is observed when considering the Time-to-Collision factor. These preliminary findings can be utilized to enhance the accuracy of pedestrian dynamics predictions by incorporating these factors as additional features within the model.","PeriodicalId":93276,"journal":{"name":"Collective dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mental simulation of people movement forms a core component of pedestrian/evacuation analysis and planning, albeit one that is rarely addressed. It can be defined as the process by which a practitioner develops a narrative of how people within a built environment may move to inform a decision-making process regarding architectural or procedural design. There are a range of contexts in which a practitioner may use mental simulation. These can include assisting with identifying problems associated with architecture/procedural design and comparing with pedestrian/evacuation modelling results to suggest if these are in line with expectations.. Little research has been conducted exploring the process by which practitioners mentally simulate people movement, its efficacy, and what factors influence this process. This paper is intended to provide insights regarding this process. Results from an online survey are presented where expert practitioners where asked questions about a range of hypothetical evacuation scenarios with increasing complexity regarding what they expected the total evacuation time to be and how many people they expected to use each exit if they were simulated in a pedestrian/evacuation model. Participants were also asked how confident they were with their results. The survey data was then compared with results with evacuation model results of the same scenarios. Key findings from the study highlight that as the floor plan layout and behavioural complexity increase in a scenario, the greater the level of variation in responses between practitioners along with decreasing levels of accuracy and levels of confidence in their perceived ability for performing mental simulation of people movement. Floor plan and exit symmetry appear to influence a practitioner’s ability to mentally simulate people movement in terms of estimating evacuation times and exit usage when layouts/exit locations change.
{"title":"Pilot Study of Mental Simulation of People Movement During Evacuations","authors":"Michael Kinsey, Steve Gwynne","doi":"10.17815/cd.2024.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17815/cd.2024.175","url":null,"abstract":"Mental simulation of people movement forms a core component of pedestrian/evacuation analysis and planning, albeit one that is rarely addressed. It can be defined as the process by which a practitioner develops a narrative of how people within a built environment may move to inform a decision-making process regarding architectural or procedural design. There are a range of contexts in which a practitioner may use mental simulation. These can include assisting with identifying problems associated with architecture/procedural design and comparing with pedestrian/evacuation modelling results to suggest if these are in line with expectations.. Little research has been conducted exploring the process by which practitioners mentally simulate people movement, its efficacy, and what factors influence this process. This paper is intended to provide insights regarding this process. Results from an online survey are presented where expert practitioners where asked questions about a range of hypothetical evacuation scenarios with increasing complexity regarding what they expected the total evacuation time to be and how many people they expected to use each exit if they were simulated in a pedestrian/evacuation model. Participants were also asked how confident they were with their results. The survey data was then compared with results with evacuation model results of the same scenarios. Key findings from the study highlight that as the floor plan layout and behavioural complexity increase in a scenario, the greater the level of variation in responses between practitioners along with decreasing levels of accuracy and levels of confidence in their perceived ability for performing mental simulation of people movement. Floor plan and exit symmetry appear to influence a practitioner’s ability to mentally simulate people movement in terms of estimating evacuation times and exit usage when layouts/exit locations change.","PeriodicalId":93276,"journal":{"name":"Collective dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, research on mathematical models describing crowd dynamics has become increasingly important. Among this research, a two-dimensional mathematical model with the effect of body rotation describing bidirectional flows has been constructed, and its fundamental diagram has been shown to be qualitatively consistent with real experimental data from the perspective of flow rate inversion. However, this property has not been mentioned in one-dimensional mathematical models. In this paper, we introduce a new, simpler, one-dimensional cellular automaton model to focus on the direction of particles and the effect of flipping instead of body rotation by extending the well-known TASEP as a solvable lattice model. Our model was found to be qualitatively consistent with the actual phenomenon of flow rate inversion, both numerically and theoretically.
{"title":"Numerical and Theoretical Analysis of a New One-Dimensional Cellular Automaton Model for Bidirectional Flows","authors":"Kazuya Okamoto, A. Tomoeda","doi":"10.17815/cd.2024.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17815/cd.2024.151","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, research on mathematical models describing crowd dynamics has become increasingly important. Among this research, a two-dimensional mathematical model with the effect of body rotation describing bidirectional flows has been constructed, and its fundamental diagram has been shown to be qualitatively consistent with real experimental data from the perspective of flow rate inversion. However, this property has not been mentioned in one-dimensional mathematical models. In this paper, we introduce a new, simpler, one-dimensional cellular automaton model to focus on the direction of particles and the effect of flipping instead of body rotation by extending the well-known TASEP as a solvable lattice model. Our model was found to be qualitatively consistent with the actual phenomenon of flow rate inversion, both numerically and theoretically.","PeriodicalId":93276,"journal":{"name":"Collective dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Lorgna, Giulia Ceccarelli, Andrea Gorrini, Michele Ciavotta
The main objective of this research was to characterize public spaces through a mobility study on pedestrian patterns analyzed by means of video analytics (i.e., object detection, crowd counting, pedestrian tracking), for the case study of Piazza Duomo (Milan, Italy). The analysis focused on defining different pedestrian profiles through observable behavioural parameters (e.g., density conditions, speeds, trajectories, etc.). The results of the research could support the definition of an evidence-based approach for regeneration projects of urban public spaces.
{"title":"Video Analytics for Understanding Pedestrian Mobility Patterns in Public Spaces: The Case of Milan","authors":"Lorenzo Lorgna, Giulia Ceccarelli, Andrea Gorrini, Michele Ciavotta","doi":"10.17815/cd.2024.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17815/cd.2024.172","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this research was to characterize public spaces through a mobility study on pedestrian patterns analyzed by means of video analytics (i.e., object detection, crowd counting, pedestrian tracking), for the case study of Piazza Duomo (Milan, Italy). The analysis focused on defining different pedestrian profiles through observable behavioural parameters (e.g., density conditions, speeds, trajectories, etc.). The results of the research could support the definition of an evidence-based approach for regeneration projects of urban public spaces.","PeriodicalId":93276,"journal":{"name":"Collective dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a preliminary study to assess the degree of anonymization provided by the use of depth field camera, for various degrees of pixelization. First the passage of 24 participants under a depth field camera was recorded. Each of the corresponding video was degraded with various levels of pixelization. Then the videos were shown to a subset of 6 participants, using a dedicated software which presents the videos in random order, starting with the lowest resolution. Each participant had to recognize themself, and in order to achieve this goal, could progressively improve the resolution. Our results question the fact that pixelization is the proper way to improve anonymity. Actually recognition seems to a large extend to be based on dynamic features rather than on the resolution of the picture. Besides we identify mostly 2 groups of responses: either the person can identify him/herself whatever the pixelization, or the recognition task is out of reach. Thus, the ability to use dynamic features could be person dependent. Further exploration would be useful to confirm this observation.
{"title":"Are Depth Field Cameras Preserving Anonymity?","authors":"Cecile Appert-Rolland, Sami Habet","doi":"10.17815/cd.2024.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17815/cd.2024.176","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a preliminary study to assess the degree of anonymization provided by the use of depth field camera, for various degrees of pixelization.\u0000First the passage of 24 participants under a depth field camera was recorded. Each of the corresponding video was degraded with various levels of pixelization. Then the videos were shown to a subset of 6 participants, using a dedicated software which presents the videos in random order, starting with the lowest resolution. Each participant had to recognize themself, and in order to achieve this goal, could progressively improve the resolution.\u0000Our results question the fact that pixelization is the proper way to improve anonymity. Actually recognition seems to a large extend to be based on dynamic features rather than on the resolution of the picture. Besides we identify mostly 2 groups of responses: either the person can identify him/herself whatever the pixelization, or the recognition task is out of reach. Thus, the ability to use dynamic features could be person dependent. Further exploration would be useful to confirm this observation.","PeriodicalId":93276,"journal":{"name":"Collective dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141340042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrien Gregorj, Zeynep Yücel, F. Zanlungo, Takayuki Kanda
This research centers on analyzing frontal encounters between dyads (two-person groups) and individuals, aiming to measure each participant's role in avoiding collisions based on their deviation from their intended path. To achieve this, we establish the intended trajectory of each party by taking into account their walking direction leading up to the encounter. The largest discrepancy between this intended path and the observed path can be interpreted as the pedestrian's maximum lateral deviation.We show a noteworthy discrepancy in deviation between group members and individuals in face-to-face encounters. Furthermore, we conduct an in-depth analysis of how the intensity of interaction among group members impacts collision avoidance dynamics. Notably, the contrast in deviation between individuals and group members is most pronounced when the level of interaction within the group is high. Ultimately, our findings consistently indicate that higher levels of interaction lead to more substantial deviations in the trajectories of encountered individuals and underscore the significant role of social dynamics in influencing pedestrian behavior during frontal encounters.
{"title":"Asymmetries in Group-Individual Collision Avoidance due to Social Factors","authors":"Adrien Gregorj, Zeynep Yücel, F. Zanlungo, Takayuki Kanda","doi":"10.17815/cd.2024.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17815/cd.2024.150","url":null,"abstract":"This research centers on analyzing frontal encounters between dyads (two-person groups) and individuals, aiming to measure each participant's role in avoiding collisions based on their deviation from their intended path. To achieve this, we establish the intended trajectory of each party by taking into account their walking direction leading up to the encounter. The largest discrepancy between this intended path and the observed path can be interpreted as the pedestrian's maximum lateral deviation.We show a noteworthy discrepancy in deviation between group members and individuals in face-to-face encounters. Furthermore, we conduct an in-depth analysis of how the intensity of interaction among group members impacts collision avoidance dynamics. Notably, the contrast in deviation between individuals and group members is most pronounced when the level of interaction within the group is high. Ultimately, our findings consistently indicate that higher levels of interaction lead to more substantial deviations in the trajectories of encountered individuals and underscore the significant role of social dynamics in influencing pedestrian behavior during frontal encounters.","PeriodicalId":93276,"journal":{"name":"Collective dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Templeton, M. Telga, E. Ronchi, F. Neville, Steve Reicher, John Drury
People facing threat may evacuate, help others, share information, ignore the threat and the plight of others, or enact a combination of these behaviours. Accurate conceptual models of crowd behaviours must consider why and when these behaviours occur, as well as how people's responses may vary across different scenarios. Researchers have investigated crowd responses to threats using a variety of methods, such as interviews, observational analysis and virtual reality experiments. Each methodology offers benefits to understanding collective responses to threats, but each methodology also has limitations. Importantly, very little research has explored crowd responses in false alarm situations where crowd members misperceive that a threat exists. In this paper, we describe a new programme of work which combines approaches from safety engineering and crowd psychology to gain a thorough understanding of crowd behaviour in response to real and misperceived threats, and the processes underpinning the behaviour. We focus on how we identified and addressed the similarities and differences in our research questions, conceptual approaches to research, and methodological abilities. We demonstrate how our multidisciplinary approach provides a framework for combining diverse research methods that collectively build knowledge to create more accurate models of crowd responses to (mis)perceived threats.
{"title":"Understanding Crowd Responses to Perceived Hostile Threats: An Innovative Multidiscplinary Approach","authors":"Anne Templeton, M. Telga, E. Ronchi, F. Neville, Steve Reicher, John Drury","doi":"10.17815/cd.2024.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17815/cd.2024.157","url":null,"abstract":"People facing threat may evacuate, help others, share information, ignore the threat and the plight of others, or enact a combination of these behaviours. Accurate conceptual models of crowd behaviours must consider why and when these behaviours occur, as well as how people's responses may vary across different scenarios. Researchers have investigated crowd responses to threats using a variety of methods, such as interviews, observational analysis and virtual reality experiments. Each methodology offers benefits to understanding collective responses to threats, but each methodology also has limitations. Importantly, very little research has explored crowd responses in false alarm situations where crowd members misperceive that a threat exists. In this paper, we describe a new programme of work which combines approaches from safety engineering and crowd psychology to gain a thorough understanding of crowd behaviour in response to real and misperceived threats, and the processes underpinning the behaviour. We focus on how we identified and addressed the similarities and differences in our research questions, conceptual approaches to research, and methodological abilities. We demonstrate how our multidisciplinary approach provides a framework for combining diverse research methods that collectively build knowledge to create more accurate models of crowd responses to (mis)perceived threats.","PeriodicalId":93276,"journal":{"name":"Collective dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie van der Wal, Erica Kinkel, Elvira Van Damme, Edwin R. Galea, Michael Minkov, Frances M.T. Brazier
Are there cultural differences and similarities in the way occupants respond to evacuation notifications? Evacuation response behaviour is characterised by the way occupants react to evacuation notifications to validate what is happening around them and prepare for evacuation movement. This study presents a cross-cultural survey based on a case study of a library evacuation to specifically explore how national culture - combined with cues and affiliation - influence evacuation response behaviour. A total of 585 adults from Czech Republic, Poland, Turkey and the United Kingdom participated in the survey. The main results show that for the three scenarios explored (1) UK participants perform significantly fewer response tasks than participants from the other countries, (2) participants from all countries first look around to see what is happening, and seek additional information as one of the first three tasks they perform, (3) Czech, Turkish and UK participants are more likely to wait for a friend/colleague in a scenario without cues than with cues. These results provide insights for safety practitioners and other stakeholders on the importance of cross-cultural research for evacuation behaviour and its inclusion in policy making and emergency preparation.
{"title":"The Effect of National Culture on Evacuation Response Behaviour: A Cross-Cultural Survey","authors":"Natalie van der Wal, Erica Kinkel, Elvira Van Damme, Edwin R. Galea, Michael Minkov, Frances M.T. Brazier","doi":"10.17815/cd.2024.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17815/cd.2024.154","url":null,"abstract":"Are there cultural differences and similarities in the way occupants respond to evacuation notifications? Evacuation response behaviour is characterised by the way occupants react to evacuation notifications to validate what is happening around them and prepare for evacuation movement. This study presents a cross-cultural survey based on a case study of a library evacuation to specifically explore how national culture - combined with cues and affiliation - influence evacuation response behaviour. A total of 585 adults from Czech Republic, Poland, Turkey and the United Kingdom participated in the survey. The main results show that for the three scenarios explored (1) UK participants perform significantly fewer response tasks than participants from the other countries, (2) participants from all countries first look around to see what is happening, and seek additional information as one of the first three tasks they perform, (3) Czech, Turkish and UK participants are more likely to wait for a friend/colleague in a scenario without cues than with cues. These results provide insights for safety practitioners and other stakeholders on the importance of cross-cultural research for evacuation behaviour and its inclusion in policy making and emergency preparation.","PeriodicalId":93276,"journal":{"name":"Collective dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141383307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crowd behavior during customary New Year's visits to shrines/temples in Japan was investigated. During these mass gatherings, visitors form a queue along the approach to the Main Hall of the shrines/temples. The unidirectional flow of the queue as the visitors approach the Main Hall to perform rituals is managed by police. The author observed the queuing behavior of visitors by joining the procession and tracked his position over time using a GPS logger. The author also observed the surrounding geometrical features and the procedures for guiding the crowd. Control methods, such as cordons and preparation of extra queuing space, were examined based on the observational data and compared with those of building/fire evacuations. The “everyone is welcome” aspect of New Year's visits required not only cordons in front of bottlenecks such as gates, stairs, and praying areas, but also alteration of the queuing space to accommodate for expansion of the crowd size. In contrast, considering building/fire evacuations, occupancy can be estimated or controlled by ticket quantity or density. Therefore, the accumulation of evacuees at bottlenecks can be predicted and should be considered in the building design phase. Different events or facilities require distinct crowd management approaches.
{"title":"Tracer Observation of Queuing Behavior During New Year’s Visits to Shrines/Temples Using GPS Log Data","authors":"Yoshikazu Minegishi","doi":"10.17815/cd.2024.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17815/cd.2024.170","url":null,"abstract":"Crowd behavior during customary New Year's visits to shrines/temples in Japan was investigated. During these mass gatherings, visitors form a queue along the approach to the Main Hall of the shrines/temples. The unidirectional flow of the queue as the visitors approach the Main Hall to perform rituals is managed by police. The author observed the queuing behavior of visitors by joining the procession and tracked his position over time using a GPS logger. The author also observed the surrounding geometrical features and the procedures for guiding the crowd. Control methods, such as cordons and preparation of extra queuing space, were examined based on the observational data and compared with those of building/fire evacuations. The “everyone is welcome” aspect of New Year's visits required not only cordons in front of bottlenecks such as gates, stairs, and praying areas, but also alteration of the queuing space to accommodate for expansion of the crowd size. In contrast, considering building/fire evacuations, occupancy can be estimated or controlled by ticket quantity or density. Therefore, the accumulation of evacuees at bottlenecks can be predicted and should be considered in the building design phase. Different events or facilities require distinct crowd management approaches.","PeriodicalId":93276,"journal":{"name":"Collective dynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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