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Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university最新文献

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INTERACTION OF SPATIAL OSCILLATION WITH ROUGHNESS OF SURFACE WORKED BY EXAMPLE OF TURNING 以车削加工为例分析空间振荡与表面粗糙度的相互作用
Pub Date : 2021-01-09 DOI: 10.30987/1999-8775-2021-1-4-9
V. Schetinin, P. Sablin
The work purpose is to determine the impact of cutter spatial oscillation upon parameters and values of worked surface roughness, in particular, the paper is dedicated to the definition of differences in roughness parameters depending on a projecting plane in which cutter oscillation is considered. There are considered the matters of the impact of cutter spatial oscillation upon roughness of the surface worked, and also cutting parameters influencing the intensity and frequency of oscillation of cutter point oscillation. The solution of the problems specified is carried out on the basis of the analysis of data published in scientific literature and experimental data obtained in the course of investigations. The novelty of the work: it is revealed that a dynamic state of the technological system for machining which depends upon a multitude of factors has an influence not only upon a value of surface roughness, but also upon its parameter. Conclusion: surface roughness depends upon relative oscillation processes of the part under machining and a tool cutting edge in the working space caused mainly by a process of chip formation.
工作的目的是确定刀具空间振荡对工件表面粗糙度参数和值的影响,特别是,本文致力于定义在考虑刀具振荡的投影平面上粗糙度参数的差异。考虑了刀具空间振荡对加工表面粗糙度的影响,以及切削参数对刀具点振荡强度和频率的影响。在对科学文献中发表的数据和调查过程中获得的实验数据进行分析的基础上,对所指定的问题进行解决。该工作的新颖性:揭示了加工工艺系统的动态状态取决于多种因素,不仅影响表面粗糙度值,而且影响其参数。结论:表面粗糙度取决于被加工零件和刀具刃口在工作空间中的相对振荡过程,主要是由切屑形成过程引起的。
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引用次数: 5
MATERIAL MODELS AT RESEARCH OF WAVE DEFORMATION STRENGTHENING THROUGH FINITE ELEMENT METHOD 用有限元法研究波浪变形强化的材料模型
Pub Date : 2021-01-09 DOI: 10.30987/1999-8775-2021-1-28-33
A. Kirichek, S. Barinov, S. Silantiev, A. Yashin, A. Zaycev
The problem of necessity in the development of loading environment models (materials processed) which has great importance at the finite element simulation of basic processes (technologies) is considered. As a rule, material model programs embedded into CAE cannot be used completely in the computations because of their limited set of physical-mechanical properties, most often insufficient for the adequate simulation of the process under investigation. By the example of the technology of wave deformation strengthening taking into account its peculiarities in the paper for the first time there are developed material models: steel45, BrAZh9-4; VT1-0; B-95 and the estimation of their adequacy is carried out. The creation of each model of material is a unique process and implies not only the pattern completion with data from reference books, but also with data obtained as a result of the fulfillment of corresponding experimental investigations of properties peculiar to material under working. As a result there are developed adequate models of materials having an admissible error (not exceeding 7.4%) for micro-hardness and depth of surface layer strengthening that allows recommending their use at the investigation of wave deformation strengthening through a finite element method.
考虑了在基本过程(技术)有限元模拟中具有重要意义的加载环境模型(加工材料)开发的必要性问题。通常,嵌入到CAE中的材料模型程序不能完全用于计算,因为它们的物理力学性能有限,通常不足以充分模拟所研究的过程。本文首次以波浪变形强化技术为例,考虑其特点,建立了相应的材料模型:steel45、BrAZh9-4;VT1-0;B-95和对其充分性的估计。每一种材料模型的创建都是一个独特的过程,不仅需要参考书籍中的数据来完成模型,还需要对材料在工作过程中所特有的特性进行相应的实验研究,从而获得数据。因此,已经开发出了足够的材料模型,这些模型在微观硬度和表层强化深度方面具有允许误差(不超过7.4%),可以通过有限元方法推荐它们在波浪变形强化研究中的使用。
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引用次数: 1
AUTOMATED EFFECTIVENESS CONTROL SYSTEM OF TOOL HOUSE FOR TOOL STRENGTHENING IN GLOW DISCHARGE 辉光放电强化刀具的自动效能控制系统
Pub Date : 2021-01-09 DOI: 10.30987/1999-8775-2021-1-19-27
V. Logvin, T. Karlova
The work purpose consists in the increase of effectiveness and quality in the engineering process control of the tool house ensuring strengthening a wide range of different tools and tool materials in plasma-generators of a glow discharge. Investigation methods. The application of computer systems is for the simulation of real production object operation with the purpose of quality and effectiveness increase in these objects control as a method of investigations consisting in operation computer imitation of a tool house equipped with plasma-generators of a glow discharge both at separate stages of processing and in the course of the whole industrial process. It will allow developing an optimum system of quality control of engineering processes for processing a wide range of tools with different profiles and tool materials in plasma-generators of a glow discharge. The essence of a modeling method consists in the development of such algorithms and programs which imitate the behavior of the tool house equipped with plasma-generators of a glow discharge its properties necessary for investigations, amount and field of technological parameter changes Investigation results. Plasma formed in consequence of explosive emission has in its structure the whole essential spectrum of ions for the formation of specified physical-mechanical properties on working surfaces of tools under strengthening. It contributes to the formation of the essential structure of bombarding ion flow with the wide range of frequencies and energy. The state and value of the layer strengthened located under an oxide film and formed at the stage of previous working operations at manufacturing tools and their working parts. This layer is characterized with the increased density of dislocations in depth and micro-crack presence not only within grains but between them. The uniformity of force impact depending upon current strength stability in a discharge and voltage upon electrodes in the plasma-generator is to be adjusted at constant pressure by the rate of technological environment pumping through a plasma-generator. Conclusions. The application of some quickly reset plasma-generators in tool production ensures work effectiveness increase of the tool house at the expense of optimization of tool machining in different engineering processes and with different time duration carrying out pre-production operations in the course of the plasma-generators operation and carrying out their charging from the automated area of waiting. The simulation algorithm developed at the formation of the automated system for control and management of effectiveness and quality in tool house work in different tool strengthening in plasma-generators of a glow discharge with stages different in character of plasma impact, duration and sequence of their realization allowed optimizing tool house equipment. The development of the automated system for control and management of effectiveness and quality of the w
工作目的在于提高工具库工程过程控制的有效性和质量,确保在辉光放电等离子体发生器中加强各种不同的工具和工具材料。调查方法。计算机系统的应用是为了模拟真实的生产对象的操作,目的是提高这些对象的质量和有效性,控制作为一种研究方法,包括在加工的各个阶段和整个工业过程中装备有辉光放电等离子体发生器的工具房的操作计算机模拟。它将允许开发一个工程过程质量控制的最佳系统,用于在辉光放电等离子体发生器中加工具有不同轮廓和工具材料的各种工具。建模方法的本质在于开发这样的算法和程序,这些算法和程序模拟装有辉光放电等离子体发生器的工具房的行为,其特性是研究所需的,技术参数变化的数量和领域。由爆炸发射形成的等离子体在其结构中具有在强化的工具工作表面形成特定物理机械性能所需的全部离子谱。它有助于形成具有宽频率和宽能量范围的轰击离子流的基本结构。强化层的状态和价值位于氧化膜下,是在制造工具及其工作部件的先前工作操作阶段形成的。该层的特点是深度位错密度增加,不仅在晶粒内部而且在晶粒之间都存在微裂纹。力冲击的均匀性取决于电流强度、放电稳定性和等离子体发生器中电极上的电压,在恒定压力下,通过等离子体发生器泵送的技术环境的速率来调节。结论。一些快速复位等离子体发生器在刀具生产中的应用,以保证刀具库工作效率的提高为代价,牺牲了不同工程工艺和不同时间间隔的刀具加工优化,在等离子体发生器运行过程中进行预生产操作,并从自动化等待区进行充电。针对不同阶段等离子体冲击、持续时间和实现顺序不同的辉光放电等离子体发生器,建立了不同阶段辉光放电过程中工具室工作效率和质量控制与管理自动化系统,开发了仿真算法,实现了对工具室设备的优化。辉光放电等离子体发生器工作效率和质量的自动化控制和管理系统的开发,使不同形状的加工工具具有快速反应过程的阶段序列的优化形成,确保相邻层形成特定的性能,满足自动化技术环境的要求。
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引用次数: 0
MODEL OF INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR QUALITY SUPPORT AT LIFE STAGES OF SCIENCE INTENSIVE PRODUCT 科技密集型产品生命阶段质量支持集成系统模型
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.30987/1999-8775-2020-12-66-70
Polina Kalinina, E. Medvedev
The work purpose is the development of the integrated model linking the information flows of product life cycle (PLC) processes for control effectiveness increase in manufacturing science intensive products. During the investigation fulfillment there was used a method for the acting system analysis of an information flow at a science intensive enterprise on the basis of the regulation basis studied. The result of the work is a single information space model created first for science intensive product. Conclusions: the model developed can be used by companies dealing with manufacturing science intensive product, for work effectiveness increase.
工作目的是开发连接产品生命周期(PLC)过程信息流的集成模型,以提高制造科学密集型产品的控制有效性。在调查实践中,在研究规律基础的基础上,采用了对某科技密集型企业信息流行为系统分析的方法。这项工作的结果是首先为科学密集型产品创建了一个单一的信息空间模型。结论:所建立的模型可用于制造科学密集型产品的企业,提高工作效率。
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引用次数: 1
IMPACT OF INTERLAMINAR ELLIPTICAL DEFECTS UPON BEHAVIOR OF RECTANGULAR CARBON PLASTIC PLATE AT STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS 层间椭圆缺陷对矩形碳塑板静、动载荷性能的影响
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.30987/1999-8775-2020-12-19-30
Aleksandr L. Medvedskiy, M. Martirosov, A. Homchenko, Darina V. Dedova
Исследовано влияние внутренних дефектов типа расслоений эллиптической формы на поведение прямоугольной пластины из углепластика при воздействии статической и динамической нагрузок. Получено распределение напряжений в слоях пластины при воздействии статической и динамической нагрузок. Определено распределение индексов разрушения с использованием различных критериев разрушения для однонаправленных композиционных материалов (на основе углеленты). Ключевые слова: пластина, метод, конечные элементы, дефекты, критерии, разрушения, композиты.
研究椭圆形状的内部缺陷对碳纤维长方形板在静态和动态压力下的行为的影响。通过静态和动态压力,盘子层的应力分布。在单向复合材料(基于碳带)中,使用不同的破坏标准来确定破坏指数的分布。关键字:碑文、方法、最终元素、缺陷、标准、破坏、作曲家。
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引用次数: 0
QUALITY SUPPORT OF PARTS MANUFACTURED BY MEANS OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES 通过增材制造技术制造零件的质量支持
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.30987/1999-8775-2020-12-4-10
M. Kulikov, M. Larionov, Denis V. Gusev, E. Shevchuk
On this account the purpose of this work became quality parameter support of products obtained with the aid of 3D-printing. By the authors there was carried out a series of investigations on samples manufactured on the Ultra 3 3D-printer of the Envision Tec. Company. The samples were manufactured in batches of seven samples in each. Each sample from the batch varied from each other with the growth angle α between the researched surface and a “contact window”, and also the thickness of the layer z. With the aid of the profile meter TR110 there was measured roughness and for a thorough analysis of roughness step dimensions there was used a probe microscope of SolverPro company operating in the mode of atomic-power microscopy. The data analysis helped to draw a conclusion on the nature of roughness formation at prototyping, and digital data obtained were accumulated in a table and with the aid of statistical processing there was deduced an equation of the roughness parameter dependence of the surface Ra upon initial technological parameters of the prototyping process. But further roughness improvement can be achieved with the combined shaping with the aid of additive technologies and further machining carried out on a single platform. Investigation methods: at the heart of the work underlie experimental methods of investigation. The investigations are carried out with the use of modern means of nondestructive control; with the use of methods of probe microscopy and standard methods of roughness measurement with the use of a profile meter. The processing of investigation results is carried out with the use of modern mathematical apparatus. Work novelty: there is defined the nature of roughness formation on the surface of a product manufactured with the aid of additive technologies at technological parameter variation of prototyping.
鉴于此,本工作的目的成为借助3d打印获得的产品的质量参数支持。作者对昂科威Tec的Ultra 3 3d打印机制造的样品进行了一系列调查。公司。这些样品是分批生产的,每批生产7个样品。每批样品在研究表面与“接触窗口”之间的生长角α和层厚z上各不相同。借助于轮廓仪TR110测量粗糙度,为了深入分析粗糙度步长,使用了SolverPro公司的探针显微镜在原子显微镜模式下工作。通过对数据的分析,得出了成形过程中粗糙度形成的性质,并将得到的数据进行数字化整理成表格,通过统计处理,推导出了表面粗糙度参数Ra与成形过程初始工艺参数的关系方程。但是,借助增材加工技术和在单一平台上进行进一步加工的组合成形可以进一步改善粗糙度。调查方法:研究工作的核心是实验调查方法。使用现代无损控制手段进行调查;用探针显微法和标准的粗糙度测量方法用轮廓仪进行测量。利用现代数学仪器对调查结果进行处理。工作新颖性:在原型工艺参数变化的情况下,利用增材制造技术制造的产品表面粗糙度形成的性质是明确的。
{"title":"QUALITY SUPPORT OF PARTS MANUFACTURED BY MEANS OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"M. Kulikov, M. Larionov, Denis V. Gusev, E. Shevchuk","doi":"10.30987/1999-8775-2020-12-4-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2020-12-4-10","url":null,"abstract":"On this account the purpose of this work became quality parameter support of products obtained with the aid of 3D-printing. By the authors there was carried out a series of investigations on samples manufactured on the Ultra 3 3D-printer of the Envision Tec. Company. The samples were manufactured in batches of seven samples in each. Each sample from the batch varied from each other with the growth angle α between the researched surface and a “contact window”, and also the thickness of the layer z. With the aid of the profile meter TR110 there was measured roughness and for a thorough analysis of roughness step dimensions there was used a probe microscope of SolverPro company operating in the mode of atomic-power microscopy. The data analysis helped to draw a conclusion on the nature of roughness formation at prototyping, and digital data obtained were accumulated in a table and with the aid of statistical processing there was deduced an equation of the roughness parameter dependence of the surface Ra upon initial technological parameters of the prototyping process. But further roughness improvement can be achieved with the combined shaping with the aid of additive technologies and further machining carried out on a single platform. Investigation methods: at the heart of the work underlie experimental methods of investigation. The investigations are carried out with the use of modern means of nondestructive control; with the use of methods of probe microscopy and standard methods of roughness measurement with the use of a profile meter. The processing of investigation results is carried out with the use of modern mathematical apparatus. Work novelty: there is defined the nature of roughness formation on the surface of a product manufactured with the aid of additive technologies at technological parameter variation of prototyping.","PeriodicalId":9358,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university","volume":"318 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75245952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
MONITORING OF AUTOMATED TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR TOOL WORKING IN PLASMA-GENERATOR OF GLOW DISCHARGE BASED ON NEURONET APPROACH 基于神经网络的等离子发生器辉光放电工具自动化工艺环境监测
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.30987/1999-8775-2020-12-31-37
V. Logvin, T. Karlova
Рассматриваются вопросы организации нейронной сети для выбора наиболее совершенной технологии управления разработанным технологическим процессом на основе постоянного мониторинга и оценки параметров качества этапов обработки инструментов в плазмогенераторе тлеющего разряда. Предложенный подход позволяет осуществлять выбор наиболее эффективных технологий управления на всех этапах быстропротекающих процессов обработки изделий с учётом их оптимизации. Разработана автоматизированная система мониторинга, учитывающая сложную структуру внутренних связей при обработке в тлеющем разряде. Ключевые слова: качество, управление, плазмогенератор, тлеющий разряд, автоматизированная технологическая среда, мониторинг, нейронная сеть.
考虑到神经网络组织的问题,选择最先进的技术来管理技术,根据持续监测和评估在等离子体发光器中处理工具的质量参数。该方法允许在所有快速处理过程中选择最有效的管理技术,并考虑到产品的优化。一个自动化的监测系统被开发出来,考虑到在燃烧时处理内部通信的复杂结构。关键字:质量、控制、等离子发生器、发光放电、自动化技术环境、监测、神经网络。
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引用次数: 0
STRENGTH PROPERTIES INVESTIGATION OF COMPOSITE COATINGS WITH QUASI-CRYSTALS OBTAINED THROUGH METHODS OF GAS DYNAMIC SPUTTERING 气体动态溅射法制备准晶体复合涂层的强度性能研究
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.30987/1999-8775-2020-12-11-18
O. Sil'chenko, M. Siluyanova, Petr Hopin
The work purpose is to investigate strength properties of composite coatings with quasi-crystals obtained through the method of gas dynamic sputtering. The object of development: quasi-crystals based on titanium carbonitride clad with nickel. In the course of the work there is offered a method for investigations of coating strength based on a pin and adhesive method with composites based on titanium carbonitride. The novelty of this investigation consists in obtaining new materials and investigations of their physical-mechanical properties. Composite coating on the basis of titanium carbonitride has shown high separation properties. The destruction took place in an intermediate layer between VN20 and KNTP35. During 10 mm bending there is a fine even mesh. At the impact load made there were not observed chips and separations that allow using coating data in heavy-loaded parts.
研究了气体动态溅射法制备的准晶复合涂层的强度性能。开发对象:以镍包覆碳氮化钛为基的准晶体。在工作过程中,提出了一种以碳氮化钛基复合材料为基体,采用针接法研究涂层强度的方法。这项研究的新颖之处在于获得新材料和研究它们的物理力学性质。碳氮化钛基复合涂层具有良好的分离性能。破坏发生在VN20和KNTP35之间的中间层。在10毫米弯曲期间,有一个精细均匀的网格。在冲击载荷下,没有观察到允许在重载部件上使用涂层数据的芯片和分离。
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引用次数: 0
DIAGNOSTICS OF ENGINEERING CUTTING SYSTEM USING CUTTING FORCE PARAMETERS 基于切削力参数的工程切削系统诊断
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.30987/1999-8775-2020-12-48-56
Bori Mokrickiy, A. Morozova
The purpose of this work: the engineering process optimization of 09H17N7Yu steel turning at the expense of creating the procedure allowing the diagnostics of an engineering cutting system state on the results of cutting force control, inverse problem solution, that is, cutting force control according to the analysis results of system state diagnostics, the optimization of cutting mode parameters to ensure the required values of a cutting force, on the basis of the analysis results of a cutting force the tool materials and tool geometry should be recommended for cutter wear-resistance increase, the prediction of tool life at the expense of designing new tool materials and tool geometry for new conditions of their operation. There are presented recommendations to ensure a correct choice of carbide cutting inserts quality for the specified conditions of their operation. On the investigation results there are obtained conclusions: the most promising for special stainless steel 09H17N7Yu turning were tool materials: TC8+TiCN(mkm) + (TiAl)N(3mkm) + Al2O3(5mkm) + TiC(5mkm); TC8+Al2O3(2mkm) + (Ti)CN(5mkm) + (TiAl)N(3mkm) + TiN(3mkm); TC8 + (TiAl)N(3mkm) + Al2O3(3mkm) + (TiAl)N(3mkm) + Al2O3(3mkm); it is defined that at cutting mode forcing (cutting speed 60m/min, depth 2.5mm) or at turning titanium alloy TT-22 more complex in machining the mentioned tool materials met the demands made, that is, real insert life varied from the designed one not considerably (in the first case – 7% maximum, in the second one – 14%), that is the most acceptable. Work novelty: there is offered and substantiated a procedure for cutting force constituents use on the basis of simulation for the choice or design of tool material for turning in different conditions of tool operation.
本工作的目的:以09H17N7Yu钢车削的工程工艺优化为代价,创建了程序,允许对某一工程切削系统状态进行诊断,对切削力控制结果进行逆问题求解,即根据系统状态诊断结果进行切削力控制分析,优化切削模式参数,保证某一切削力的要求值;在切削力分析结果的基础上,应推荐刀具材料和刀具几何形状,以提高刀具的耐磨性,预测刀具寿命为代价,设计新的刀具材料和刀具几何形状,以适应新的工作条件。提出了一些建议,以确保在特定的操作条件下正确选择硬质合金切削刀片的质量。研究结果表明:用于特种不锈钢09H17N7Yu车削最有前途的刀具材料为:TC8+TiCN(mkm) + (TiAl)N(3mkm) + Al2O3(5mkm) +TiC (5mkm);TC8+Al2O3(2mkm) + (Ti)CN(5mkm) + (TiAl)N(3mkm) + TiN(3mkm);TC8 + (TiAl)N(3mkm) + Al2O3(3mkm) + (TiAl)N(3mkm) + Al2O3(3mkm);定义在切削模式强迫下(切削速度60m/min,切削深度2.5mm)或切削加工较复杂的钛合金TT-22时,上述刀具材料满足所提出的要求,即实际刀片寿命与设计寿命相差不大(第一种情况最大- 7%,第二种情况- 14%),这是最可接受的。工作新颖性:在模拟的基础上,提供并证实了在不同刀具操作条件下车削刀具材料的选择或设计的切削力成分的程序。
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引用次数: 0
MODELING OF CONTROL OF SPEED CONTROL DRIVE AND SLEW MECHANISM DRIVE OF HIGH-SPEED CATERPILLAR VEHICLE WITH BORDER GEARBOX 带边界齿轮箱的高速履带车辆速度控制传动和回转机构传动控制建模
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.30987/1999-8775-2020-12-57-65
Sergey Horoshilov, S. Kondakov, O. Pavlovskaya
The relevance of the topic of investigation is connected with the current trends in gearbox automation and request to lighten slew control of caterpillar vehicles. The purpose set can’t be achieved only in a physical modeling of a drive: the problem is too multiversion and a physical modeling does not guarantee an optimum solution. The scientific novelty of the investigation consists in the authors’ creation of simulator of gearbox drive and slew mechanism drive consisting of an electromotor, a planetary reducer, a crank mechanism, a hydraulic distributor and hydro-cylinder. As a consequence, there is realized a parametric investigation possibility of drive numerous parameter impact upon its performance characteristics. By means of the mathematical modeling the drive parameters ensuring the fulfillment of the requirements specification are substantiated. In the second part of the paper there are shown modeling results of caterpillar vehicle acceleration in a low and the fourth gears and a slew at a speed of 5 m/sec. The result comparison of mathematical modeling and experimental investigations is carried out. The data of experiments, in which took part the authors of the paper, confirm completely the adequacy of the simulator developed. In such a way, the simulator of caterpillar vehicle motion is supplemented with the reliable model of a gearbox drive and a slew mechanism drive in machinery with the border gearboxes. The paper material is used in the design of a similar drive of a new machine.
研究课题的相关性与当前齿轮箱自动化的发展趋势和减轻履带式车辆回转控制的要求有关。目的集不能仅在驱动器的物理建模中实现:问题的多版本性太强,物理建模不能保证最佳解决方案。本研究的科学新颖之处在于作者创造了由电动机、行星减速器、曲柄机构、液压分配器和液压缸组成的齿轮箱传动和回转机构传动模拟器。从而实现了多参数对其性能特性影响的参数化研究的可能性。通过数学建模,确定了满足要求的驱动参数。在论文的第二部分给出了履带式车辆低速和四档加速度以及5 m/s速度下的摆盘的建模结果。对数学模型和实验研究结果进行了比较。本文作者参与的实验数据完全证实了所开发的模拟器的充分性。从而为履带式车辆运动模拟器补充了具有边界齿轮箱机械的齿轮箱传动和回转机构传动的可靠模型。纸张材料被用于设计一种新机器的类似驱动器。
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引用次数: 0
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Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university
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