Jun-jiong Meng, Yi Luo, Wen Wang, Qiuyue Jiang, Hong Wang, F. Miao
： To explore the influence rule of octogen （ HMX ） solid content ， system temperature ， HMX particle size ， HMX particle gradation and functional additives etc.on the rheological properties of 2 ， 4⁃dinitroanisole （ DNAN ） /HMX suspensions ， the appar⁃ ent viscosity of DNAN/HMX suspensions under different material state conditions was investigated by a digital viscometer. Re⁃ sults show that the suspension presents Newtonian fluid characteristics when the solid content is 3%. Apparent viscosity of the suspension can be described with Ostwald⁃deWaele model when the HMX solid content is 12%-30% ， and the value of non⁃ Newton index n is decreased from 0.842 to 0.374. The influence of temperture on the apparent viscosity can be described by the Arrhenius equation when the temperture is in the range of 95-116 ℃ ， and the activation energy E a increases from 25.97 kJ ∙ mol -1 to 30.17 kJ ∙ mol -1 . The apparent viscosity decrases as the particle size increases. When the particle gradation ratio of 999.5 μ m particle size to 132.6 μ m is 2 ∶ 1 ， the apparent viscosity reaches the minimum and the solid content is up to 80%. Functional ad⁃ ditives N ⁃methyl⁃4⁃nitroaniline （ MNA ） and tri （ β chloroethyl ） phosphate （ CEF ） make the apparent viscosity of the suspensions decrease ， while dehydrated sorbitol monostearate polyoxyethylene ether （ Tween 60 ）， microcrystalline wax⁃80 （ MV80 ）， cellu⁃ lose acetate butyrate （ CAB ）， and thermoplastic polyurethane -5720 （ TPU 5720 ） make the the apparent viscosity of the suspen⁃ sions increase.
{"title":"Rheological Properties of DNAN/HMX Melt-cast Explosives: Maximum Packing Density Calculation and Modified Viscosity Model","authors":"Jun-jiong Meng, Yi Luo, Wen Wang, Qiuyue Jiang, Hong Wang, F. Miao","doi":"10.22211/cejem/154975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22211/cejem/154975","url":null,"abstract":"： To explore the influence rule of octogen （ HMX ） solid content ， system temperature ， HMX particle size ， HMX particle gradation and functional additives etc.on the rheological properties of 2 ， 4⁃dinitroanisole （ DNAN ） /HMX suspensions ， the appar⁃ ent viscosity of DNAN/HMX suspensions under different material state conditions was investigated by a digital viscometer. Re⁃ sults show that the suspension presents Newtonian fluid characteristics when the solid content is 3%. Apparent viscosity of the suspension can be described with Ostwald⁃deWaele model when the HMX solid content is 12%-30% ， and the value of non⁃ Newton index n is decreased from 0.842 to 0.374. The influence of temperture on the apparent viscosity can be described by the Arrhenius equation when the temperture is in the range of 95-116 ℃ ， and the activation energy E a increases from 25.97 kJ ∙ mol -1 to 30.17 kJ ∙ mol -1 . The apparent viscosity decrases as the particle size increases. When the particle gradation ratio of 999.5 μ m particle size to 132.6 μ m is 2 ∶ 1 ， the apparent viscosity reaches the minimum and the solid content is up to 80%. Functional ad⁃ ditives N ⁃methyl⁃4⁃nitroaniline （ MNA ） and tri （ β chloroethyl ） phosphate （ CEF ） make the apparent viscosity of the suspensions decrease ， while dehydrated sorbitol monostearate polyoxyethylene ether （ Tween 60 ）， microcrystalline wax⁃80 （ MV80 ）， cellu⁃ lose acetate butyrate （ CAB ）， and thermoplastic polyurethane -5720 （ TPU 5720 ） make the the apparent viscosity of the suspen⁃ sions increase.","PeriodicalId":9679,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41409248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Cationic Energetic Salts of 5-Amino-3-[(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)amino]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (APATO)","authors":"J. Šarlauskas, J. Tamulienė","doi":"10.22211/cejem/154973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22211/cejem/154973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9679,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43637792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modification of the Physical and Thermal Properties of Glycidyl Azide Polymer Through the Formation of a Star-Shaped Polymer","authors":"Asghar Bodaghi","doi":"10.22211/cejem/154944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22211/cejem/154944","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9679,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48541983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modern Highly Energetic Materials for the Production of Gun Powders and Rocket Propellants in Poland","authors":"R. Lewczuk, K. Gańczyk-Specjalska","doi":"10.22211/cejem/154982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22211/cejem/154982","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9679,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42783781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HTPB-based Binder Surrogates and their Effects on Preliminary Rocket Motor Analyses","authors":"A. Okninski","doi":"10.22211/cejem/154720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22211/cejem/154720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9679,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46442736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pakdehi, Hamidreza Taffazolinia, Sajjad Rezaei, M. Fathollahi
{"title":"Effect of Some Chemical Additives in Increasing the Electrical Conductivity of the Liquid Fuel Dimethyl Aminoethyl Azide (DMAZ)","authors":"S. Pakdehi, Hamidreza Taffazolinia, Sajjad Rezaei, M. Fathollahi","doi":"10.22211/cejem/154826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22211/cejem/154826","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9679,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42742231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Remarks on the Safety of Methane Penthrite Detonating Cords against the Inflammability of a Methane-Air Mixture","authors":"I. Zawadzka-Malota, T. Sałaciński","doi":"10.22211/cejem/151774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22211/cejem/151774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9679,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45103784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: A composite protective container is experimentally investigated to counter combined blast, fragmentation and thermal effects from either a 1.0 kg bare or 0.6 kg cased (pipe-bomb) TNT equivalent charge. Commercially available shaving foam was used as the internal filling material. The shaving foam quenched the initial fireball and afterburning reactions. The composite case contained the blast overpressure and prevented the escape of primary fragments. The novel combination of extended polystyrene (EPS) foam, bakelite and polyurethane (PU)- silica composite employed at the container base provided protection against in-contact explosive detonation. Maximum peak reflected overpressure of 86.87 kPa (12.6 psi) was measured at 1.0 m distance for 1.0 kg TNT equivalent charge detonation inside the container. The protective container provided 97% peak overpressure reduction compared to the equivalent surface burst detonation. The fragmentation and their impact on container were simulated using a coupled SPH-ALE approach. Steel casing fragments weighing up to 8.0 g with velocities in the range of 1260-1550 m/s were produced and impacted the container. This investigation provides a basis in the design of a device to combat terrorist devices in public places, high profile meeting venues and transportation systems
：对一个复合防护容器进行了实验研究，以对抗1.0公斤裸装或0.6公斤装（管状炸弹）TNT当量装药的爆炸、碎片和热效应。使用市售的剃须泡沫作为内部填充材料。剃须泡沫扑灭了最初的火球和后燃反应。复合材料外壳容纳了爆炸超压，防止了初级碎片的逃逸。容器底部采用的扩展聚苯乙烯（EPS）泡沫、酚醛树脂和聚氨酯（PU）-二氧化硅复合材料的新型组合提供了防止接触爆炸的保护。在容器内1.0 kg TNT当量装药引爆时，在1.0 m距离处测得86.87 kPa（12.6 psi）的最大峰值反射超压。与等效表面爆轰相比，保护容器提供了97%的峰值超压降低。使用SPH-ALE耦合方法模拟了碎片及其对容器的影响。产生了重达8.0克、速度在1260-1550米/秒范围内的钢套管碎片，并撞击了容器。这项调查为设计一种打击公共场所、高调会议场所和交通系统中恐怖分子装置的装置提供了基础
{"title":"A Study of a Protective Container for Combined Blast, Fragmentation and Thermal Effects from Energetic Materials Detonation","authors":"K. Ahmed, A. Malik","doi":"10.22211/cejem/150488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22211/cejem/150488","url":null,"abstract":": A composite protective container is experimentally investigated to counter combined blast, fragmentation and thermal effects from either a 1.0 kg bare or 0.6 kg cased (pipe-bomb) TNT equivalent charge. Commercially available shaving foam was used as the internal filling material. The shaving foam quenched the initial fireball and afterburning reactions. The composite case contained the blast overpressure and prevented the escape of primary fragments. The novel combination of extended polystyrene (EPS) foam, bakelite and polyurethane (PU)- silica composite employed at the container base provided protection against in-contact explosive detonation. Maximum peak reflected overpressure of 86.87 kPa (12.6 psi) was measured at 1.0 m distance for 1.0 kg TNT equivalent charge detonation inside the container. The protective container provided 97% peak overpressure reduction compared to the equivalent surface burst detonation. The fragmentation and their impact on container were simulated using a coupled SPH-ALE approach. Steel casing fragments weighing up to 8.0 g with velocities in the range of 1260-1550 m/s were produced and impacted the container. This investigation provides a basis in the design of a device to combat terrorist devices in public places, high profile meeting venues and transportation systems","PeriodicalId":9679,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Energetic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47194556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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