Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100160
T.H. Lakshminarayana, M. Sreenivasa Reddy, J. Kumaraswamy
The formation and characterisation of titanium carbide (TiC) particle-reinforced LM-4 alloy composites made using a two-stage stir casting process are the main objectives of this work. TiC particles were added in different weight percentages (0 %, 3 %, 6 %, 9 %, and 12 %) to assess how they affected the mechanical and tribological characteristics of the composites. Density, porosity, yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and hardness are important areas of study. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to analyse fractured surfaces. At a fixed sliding distance of 1000 m, wear behaviour was evaluated under various loading scenarios (20, 30, and 40 N) and rotating speeds (200, 300, and 400 rpm). Additionally, to investigate wear mechanisms and evaluate the wear rate across the various TiC reinforcement levels, a SEM investigation of the worn surfaces was conducted. The findings demonstrate the promise of LM-4 alloy composites for advanced engineering applications by shedding light on how TiC reinforcement affects the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and wear performance of these materials.
{"title":"Development and study of mechanical and wear behaviour of LM-4 alloy reinforced with TiC particles metal matrix composites by two-stage stir casting process","authors":"T.H. Lakshminarayana, M. Sreenivasa Reddy, J. Kumaraswamy","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation and characterisation of titanium carbide (TiC) particle-reinforced LM-4 alloy composites made using a two-stage stir casting process are the main objectives of this work. TiC particles were added in different weight percentages (0 %, 3 %, 6 %, 9 %, and 12 %) to assess how they affected the mechanical and tribological characteristics of the composites. Density, porosity, yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and hardness are important areas of study. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to analyse fractured surfaces. At a fixed sliding distance of 1000 m, wear behaviour was evaluated under various loading scenarios (20, 30, and 40 N) and rotating speeds (200, 300, and 400 rpm). Additionally, to investigate wear mechanisms and evaluate the wear rate across the various TiC reinforcement levels, a SEM investigation of the worn surfaces was conducted. The findings demonstrate the promise of LM-4 alloy composites for advanced engineering applications by shedding light on how TiC reinforcement affects the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and wear performance of these materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forming Limit Curve (FLC) is crucial for predicting material formability and preventing defects in the sheet metal forming industry. Traditionally, FLCs are determined through Nakajima and Marciniak tests, which assess the material's response to various strain paths until the initiation of localized necking. However, these methods can be costly, time-consuming, and sensitive to factors like friction. Alternative approaches have been developed to address these challenges, including theoretical models and empirical methods based on tensile test data. This study investigates the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to model FLCs, with the goal of improving prediction accuracy and efficiency. Input data for the ANN models were derived from tensile tests, incorporating parameters such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, uniform elongation, total elongation, normal anisotropy coefficient, and strain hardening exponent. The ANN models were trained to predict both FLC₀ and the complete FLC, and their outputs were compared with experimentally measured FLCs from Nakajima tests and empirical formulas from the literature. The results indicate that ANN techniques have significant potential to enhance the reliability and efficiency of FLC prediction.
{"title":"Artificial neural network-based prediction of complete forming limit curves for steel in sheet metal forming","authors":"Shivesh Kumar Sharan , Surajit Kumar Paul , Jyoti Kumari , Arijit Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forming Limit Curve (FLC) is crucial for predicting material formability and preventing defects in the sheet metal forming industry. Traditionally, FLCs are determined through Nakajima and Marciniak tests, which assess the material's response to various strain paths until the initiation of localized necking. However, these methods can be costly, time-consuming, and sensitive to factors like friction. Alternative approaches have been developed to address these challenges, including theoretical models and empirical methods based on tensile test data. This study investigates the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to model FLCs, with the goal of improving prediction accuracy and efficiency. Input data for the ANN models were derived from tensile tests, incorporating parameters such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, uniform elongation, total elongation, normal anisotropy coefficient, and strain hardening exponent. The ANN models were trained to predict both FLC₀ and the complete FLC, and their outputs were compared with experimentally measured FLCs from Nakajima tests and empirical formulas from the literature. The results indicate that ANN techniques have significant potential to enhance the reliability and efficiency of FLC prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100174
Sneha Roy, Swarup Kumar Ghosh
Colour-coated steel, also known as pre-coated steel or pre-painted steel, has become a material of choice across diverse industries due to its aesthetic allure and practical advantages. The present study delves into the coated low-carbon (∼ 0.04 wt%) steel's mechanical properties, abrasive wear behaviour, and electrochemical corrosion resistance. The excellent combination of tensile properties (340 MPa YS, 347 MPa UTS and 33 % total elongation) ensures structural integrity and load-bearing capacity. The robust polyurethane (PU) coating demonstrates good abrasion resistance through its lower Taber wear index (0.022). Nano-scratch tests further reinforce the coating's ability to withstand frictional forces, with minimal signs of observed wear. The results of electrochemical corrosion indicate that the coating provides exceptional protection against deterioration, even in harsh environments with 5 % NaCl solution for 600 h. Both OCP and Tafel plots illustrate lower corrosion rates in PU-coated steels owing to lower potential and inhibited reactions. The Icorr of the coated steel was 265 µA/cm2, which is substantially lower than that of the uncoated steel of 1864 µA, indicating much lesser corrosion. The more positive Ecorr (-637 mV) value for the coated steel also denotes better corrosion resistance coupled with robustness. Nyquist plots validate higher charge transfer resistance, which portrays the coating as a strong impediment against chloride. This significantly increases the lifespan of coated steel under extreme conditions. The corrosion tests confirmed long-term durability, with negligible rust or coating degradation signs. Hence, colour-coated steel emerges as a true champion, combining good mechanical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion protection.
{"title":"Influence of medium polyurethane coating on mechanical, wear, and corrosion performance of a galvanised steel sheet","authors":"Sneha Roy, Swarup Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colour-coated steel, also known as pre-coated steel or pre-painted steel, has become a material of choice across diverse industries due to its aesthetic allure and practical advantages. The present study delves into the coated low-carbon (∼ 0.04 wt%) steel's mechanical properties, abrasive wear behaviour, and electrochemical corrosion resistance. The excellent combination of tensile properties (340 MPa YS, 347 MPa UTS and 33 % total elongation) ensures structural integrity and load-bearing capacity. The robust polyurethane (PU) coating demonstrates good abrasion resistance through its lower Taber wear index (0.022). Nano-scratch tests further reinforce the coating's ability to withstand frictional forces, with minimal signs of observed wear. The results of electrochemical corrosion indicate that the coating provides exceptional protection against deterioration, even in harsh environments with 5 % NaCl solution for 600 h. Both OCP and Tafel plots illustrate lower corrosion rates in PU-coated steels owing to lower potential and inhibited reactions. The I<sub>corr</sub> of the coated steel was 265 µA/cm<sup>2</sup>, which is substantially lower than that of the uncoated steel of 1864 µA, indicating much lesser corrosion. The more positive E<sub>corr</sub> (-637 mV) value for the coated steel also denotes better corrosion resistance coupled with robustness. Nyquist plots validate higher charge transfer resistance, which portrays the coating as a strong impediment against chloride. This significantly increases the lifespan of coated steel under extreme conditions. The corrosion tests confirmed long-term durability, with negligible rust or coating degradation signs. Hence, colour-coated steel emerges as a true champion, combining good mechanical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100162
Rui Bai, Yunfei Du, Yaqin Zhang, Xiuli He
In this study, the influence of Al content (9 wt% and 12 wt%) on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and deformation behavior of austenite-based Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steels were investigated. The Steel with 9 % Al content displayed a dual-phase structure with austenite and less than 5 % ferrite, while the Steel with 12 % Al content contained approximately 23 % ferrite and nanoscale κ-carbide precipitates, influenced by the Al content. Following aging treatment at 600 °C, both steels experienced notable microstructural changes. Coarse carbides, B2, D03, and β-Mn precipitates, appeared during the aging, leading to the deterioration of mechanical properties. The aging treatment improved strength but decreased ductility for both steels, with extended aging leading to deterioration attributed to coarse precipitate formation. Both steels demonstrated effective strain hardening behavior. The aging treatment on the steels significantly impacted the fracture morphologies. The investigation of deformation mechanisms reveals distinct behaviors under low strain conditions. The steels demonstrated a unique staggered dislocation structure and exceptional uniform elongation due to decreasing slip plane spacing. The strength was enhanced by interactions among dislocation arrangements within distinct domain boundaries.
{"title":"The influence of Al content and heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of austenite-ferrite duplex Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steels","authors":"Rui Bai, Yunfei Du, Yaqin Zhang, Xiuli He","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the influence of Al content (9 wt% and 12 wt%) on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and deformation behavior of austenite-based Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steels were investigated. The Steel with 9 % Al content displayed a dual-phase structure with austenite and less than 5 % ferrite, while the Steel with 12 % Al content contained approximately 23 % ferrite and nanoscale κ-carbide precipitates, influenced by the Al content. Following aging treatment at 600 °C, both steels experienced notable microstructural changes. Coarse carbides, B2, D0<sub>3</sub>, and β-Mn precipitates, appeared during the aging, leading to the deterioration of mechanical properties. The aging treatment improved strength but decreased ductility for both steels, with extended aging leading to deterioration attributed to coarse precipitate formation. Both steels demonstrated effective strain hardening behavior. The aging treatment on the steels significantly impacted the fracture morphologies. The investigation of deformation mechanisms reveals distinct behaviors under low strain conditions. The steels demonstrated a unique staggered dislocation structure and exceptional uniform elongation due to decreasing slip plane spacing. The strength was enhanced by interactions among dislocation arrangements within distinct domain boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are gaining popularity because of their remarkable properties controlled by phases and crystal structures. In addition to that, in the field of material informatics, machine learning (ML) techniques have gained considerable attention in predicting phases and crystal structures of HEAs. In this study, a novel ML-based methodology has been proposed to predict different phase stages and crystal structures. To this end, 1345 data samples were used to train the ML model to predict the phases of HEAs. Within the dataset, 705 data were utilized to predict the crystal structures with the help of thermodynamics and electronic configuration as input features. The important features were selected using the Pearson correlation coefficient matrix, followed by using of five distinct boosting algorithms to predict phases and crystal structures. Among all these algorithms, XGBoost recorded the highest detection accuracy of 94.05 % for phases and LightGBM yielded the highest detection accuracy of 90.07 % for crystal structure. Various hyperparameter tuning was conducted to find the optimum performance of the boosting classifiers. A comprehensive comparison was performed between the ML models and some from published papers in reputed journals. From the comparison, it was evident that the proposed methodology showed its superiority in terms of phase and crystal structure detection of HEAs.
{"title":"Improved machine learning framework for prediction of phases and crystal structures of high entropy alloys","authors":"Debsundar Dey , Suchandan Das , Anik Pal , Santanu Dey , Chandan Kumar Raul , Pritam Mandal , Arghya Chatterjee , Soumya Chatterjee , Manojit Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are gaining popularity because of their remarkable properties controlled by phases and crystal structures. In addition to that, in the field of material informatics, machine learning (ML) techniques have gained considerable attention in predicting phases and crystal structures of HEAs. In this study, a novel ML-based methodology has been proposed to predict different phase stages and crystal structures. To this end, 1345 data samples were used to train the ML model to predict the phases of HEAs. Within the dataset, 705 data were utilized to predict the crystal structures with the help of thermodynamics and electronic configuration as input features. The important features were selected using the Pearson correlation coefficient matrix, followed by using of five distinct boosting algorithms to predict phases and crystal structures. Among all these algorithms, XGBoost recorded the highest detection accuracy of 94.05 % for phases and LightGBM yielded the highest detection accuracy of 90.07 % for crystal structure. Various hyperparameter tuning was conducted to find the optimum performance of the boosting classifiers. A comprehensive comparison was performed between the ML models and some from published papers in reputed journals. From the comparison, it was evident that the proposed methodology showed its superiority in terms of phase and crystal structure detection of HEAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multicomponent alloys containing aluminum and transition metals, including high-entropy alloys, are actively investigated in recent years. Rapid quenching of melt to obtain metastable or amorphous phases is a promising way to obtain new strength and corrosion resistance high-entropy materials. In present work, the effect of rapid quenching on the phase formation process of high entropy Zr-Al-Ni-Co-Cu alloy is investigated. Samples of Zr40Al20Ni5Co15Cu20 alloy were produced by the conventional arc-melting process under protective argon atmosphere. Ingots of the alloy were used to obtain rapidly quenched samples in the form of cylindrical rods with a diameter of 3 mm by vacuum suction casting into copper mold. Structure of ingots and rods was investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, their heating behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It is shown that the basis of the rapidly quenched alloy is the Laves phase ZrCoAl, the solid solution Cu0.6ZrCo0.4 and the ZrNiAl phase. Exothermic reaction in rapidly quenched sample is found to occur at 960–980 K. Activation energy of the detected reaction is calculated by the Kissinger method. It is established that rapid quenching of Zr40Al20Ni5Co15Cu20 high-entropy alloy leads to significant refinement of Laves phase grains, increase of stability and volume fraction of solid solution. The obtained results can be used for further practical application of rapidly quenched high-entropy alloys.
{"title":"The Laves phase formation in rapidly quenched Zr-Al-Ni-Co-Cu high-entropy alloy","authors":"B.A. Rusanov , E.V. Sterkhov , A.I. Rusanova , D.K. Simonov","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multicomponent alloys containing aluminum and transition metals, including high-entropy alloys, are actively investigated in recent years. Rapid quenching of melt to obtain metastable or amorphous phases is a promising way to obtain new strength and corrosion resistance high-entropy materials. In present work, the effect of rapid quenching on the phase formation process of high entropy Zr-Al-Ni-Co-Cu alloy is investigated. Samples of Zr<sub>40</sub>Al<sub>20</sub>Ni<sub>5</sub>Co<sub>15</sub>Cu<sub>20</sub> alloy were produced by the conventional arc-melting process under protective argon atmosphere. Ingots of the alloy were used to obtain rapidly quenched samples in the form of cylindrical rods with a diameter of 3 mm by vacuum suction casting into copper mold. Structure of ingots and rods was investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, their heating behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It is shown that the basis of the rapidly quenched alloy is the Laves phase ZrCoAl, the solid solution Cu<sub>0.6</sub>ZrCo<sub>0.4</sub> and the ZrNiAl phase. Exothermic reaction in rapidly quenched sample is found to occur at 960–980 K. Activation energy of the detected reaction is calculated by the Kissinger method. It is established that rapid quenching of Zr<sub>40</sub>Al<sub>20</sub>Ni<sub>5</sub>Co<sub>15</sub>Cu<sub>20</sub> high-entropy alloy leads to significant refinement of Laves phase grains, increase of stability and volume fraction of solid solution. The obtained results can be used for further practical application of rapidly quenched high-entropy alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100168
Mystica A , Senthil Kumar VS
Friction stir welding of AA2014 alloy requires cooling techniques to prevent premature weld failure by carrying away the excess heat. In this study, minimum quantity lubrication technique is explored for the first time with graphene nanofluid. This study aims to develop instant grain refinement and reprecipitation. FSW is performed at the optimized parameters i.e., 1200 rpm and 72 mm/min. The retention of precipitates in HAZ and entanglement of dislocations in NZ are obtained through the instant quenching action of n-MQL. The evolution of microstructure and precipitation in the developed weld zones are studied using TEM. The microscopic results also present the developed substructures such as subgrains, cell wall, orowan loops etc. Crystal structure in the nugget zone is analysed using Rietveld refinement method. The results reveal a 100 % match with Al0.99Cu0.01. The crystallite size in nanometers and the microstrain are deduced using Scherrer method and W-H plot. The local tensile properties of each weld zone are analysed in detail using flat microtensile test. The weld center with recrystallized grains exhibits the lowest ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and % elongation. The current study presents the influence of dynamic recovery and recrystallisation on the local tensile properties of the weld.
{"title":"Evaluation of crystal structure and tensile properties at the micro level of friction stir weld developed with n-MQL","authors":"Mystica A , Senthil Kumar VS","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Friction stir welding of AA2014 alloy requires cooling techniques to prevent premature weld failure by carrying away the excess heat. In this study, minimum quantity lubrication technique is explored for the first time with graphene nanofluid. This study aims to develop instant grain refinement and reprecipitation. FSW is performed at the optimized parameters i.e., 1200 rpm and 72 mm/min. The retention of precipitates in HAZ and entanglement of dislocations in NZ are obtained through the instant quenching action of n-MQL. The evolution of microstructure and precipitation in the developed weld zones are studied using TEM. The microscopic results also present the developed substructures such as subgrains, cell wall, orowan loops etc. Crystal structure in the nugget zone is analysed using Rietveld refinement method. The results reveal a 100 % match with Al<sub>0.99</sub>Cu<sub>0.01</sub>. The crystallite size in nanometers and the microstrain are deduced using Scherrer method and W-H plot. The local tensile properties of each weld zone are analysed in detail using flat microtensile test. The weld center with recrystallized grains exhibits the lowest ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and % elongation. The current study presents the influence of dynamic recovery and recrystallisation on the local tensile properties of the weld.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100164
Xiaoting Li, Jin Wang
Laser melting deposition (LMD) has great advantages and broad development prospects in the manufacture of high-performance complex aluminum alloy components. In this paper, AlSi10Mg was deposited by 5 kW diode laser, and the effects of shielding gas flow, scanning layer thickness, scanning line spacing and powder drying on the density and mechanical properties of the deposited samples formed parts were investigated in details. The results indicated that the bulk density increased significantly with the increase of the shielding gas flow rate. Meanwhile, when the powders were dried in advance, the density could reach to the 99.5 %. The maximum tensile strength was 237.81 MPa, and the elongation was 9.88 %. The columnar dendrites were observed along the boundary line and fine dendritic structure was formed in the molten pool interior. Three phases were identified in the as-fabricated bulk, including primary α-Al, eutentic Si, and Mg2Si. Eutentic Si distributed around the columnar α-Al with a circular shape at the fusion lines, while it was uniformly distributed in the molten pool. A small amount of Mg2Si precipitated within the α-Al matrix, which exhibited needle-like morphology.
{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical property in diode laser melting deposited AlSi10Mg","authors":"Xiaoting Li, Jin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser melting deposition (LMD) has great advantages and broad development prospects in the manufacture of high-performance complex aluminum alloy components. In this paper, AlSi10Mg was deposited by 5 kW diode laser, and the effects of shielding gas flow, scanning layer thickness, scanning line spacing and powder drying on the density and mechanical properties of the deposited samples formed parts were investigated in details. The results indicated that the bulk density increased significantly with the increase of the shielding gas flow rate. Meanwhile, when the powders were dried in advance, the density could reach to the 99.5 %. The maximum tensile strength was 237.81 MPa, and the elongation was 9.88 %. The columnar dendrites were observed along the boundary line and fine dendritic structure was formed in the molten pool interior. Three phases were identified in the as-fabricated bulk, including primary α-Al, eutentic Si, and Mg<sub>2</sub>Si. Eutentic Si distributed around the columnar α-Al with a circular shape at the fusion lines, while it was uniformly distributed in the molten pool. A small amount of Mg<sub>2</sub>Si precipitated within the α-Al matrix, which exhibited needle-like morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100146
Thayza Pacheco dos Santos Barros , Rafael E. Caluête , Aline Karla Barbosa da Silva , Danniel Ferreira de Oliveira , Francisco Riccelly Pereira Feitosa , Bruno Alessandro Silva Guedes de Lima , Danielle Guedes de Lima
In this work, a casting processing route via unidirectional solidification is proposed, where the severity of cooling can be increased to maximize the amount of quasicrystalline phase. For this, the alloy with nominal composition Al62.5Cu25Fe12.5 was melted and solidified unidirectionally under optimized processing conditions. Our results evidenced a dependence of the quasicrystalline phase percentage, obtained for an AlCuFe alloy, as a function of the position of the ingot and the type of mold used during the directional solidification process. This analysis expands the spectrum of studies on structural properties, for alloys of the AlCuFe system, indicating the cooling conditions, during the directional solidification process, necessary to maximize the amount of quasicrystalline phase.
{"title":"Influence of directional solidification parameters on the amount of quasicrystalline phase of an AlCuFe alloy","authors":"Thayza Pacheco dos Santos Barros , Rafael E. Caluête , Aline Karla Barbosa da Silva , Danniel Ferreira de Oliveira , Francisco Riccelly Pereira Feitosa , Bruno Alessandro Silva Guedes de Lima , Danielle Guedes de Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a casting processing route via unidirectional solidification is proposed, where the severity of cooling can be increased to maximize the amount of quasicrystalline phase. For this, the alloy with nominal composition Al<sub>62.5</sub>Cu<sub>25</sub>Fe<sub>12.5</sub> was melted and solidified unidirectionally under optimized processing conditions. Our results evidenced a dependence of the quasicrystalline phase percentage, obtained for an AlCuFe alloy, as a function of the position of the ingot and the type of mold used during the directional solidification process. This analysis expands the spectrum of studies on structural properties, for alloys of the AlCuFe system, indicating the cooling conditions, during the directional solidification process, necessary to maximize the amount of quasicrystalline phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100141
Cynthia C. Okechukwu , Francis O. Edoziuno , Adeolu A. Adediran , Silas O. Okuma , Augustine B. Okoubulu
This study investigates the effects of titanium (Ti) content and thermal aging on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and electrical conductivity of Ti-doped Cu-10Ni alloy. Both as-cast and heat-treated alloys were subjected to comprehensive mechanical testing, electrical conductivity measurements, and microstructural analysis. A response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and optimization, with Ti concentration (0.1–3.5 wt%) and aging temperature (400°C–500°C) as the independent variables, and tensile strength, elongation, hardness, impact strength, and electrical conductivity as response variables. The results indicate that Ti addition, particularly in the range of 1.5–3.5 wt%, refined the as-cast microstructure of Cu-10Ni alloys, leading to modest improvements in mechanical properties compared to the base alloy. Aging treatments promoted the formation of precipitates and second phases, notably β-Ni₃Ti, β-Ti₂, and δ-Ti₂Ni, which contributed significantly to property enhancement. The alloy's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reached 659 MPa with 2.5 wt% Ti aged at 500°C for 2 h. At 3.5 wt% Ti and 450°C aging, the alloy exhibited the highest values for elongation (24.23 %), hardness (193.4 BHN), and impact strength (157 J). Electrical conductivity also improved across all Ti concentrations after aging, with conductivity increasing with higher aging temperatures, though the rate of increase diminished as Ti content rose. Statistical analysis demonstrated good agreement between experimental and predicted values, with the regression models being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Optimal alloy composition and aging conditions were identified, yielding the best combination of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity for the Cu-10Ni alloy.
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