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Improving the environmental safety of road transport 提高道路运输环境安全水平
Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.435-440
A. A. Vorobyov, S. A. Metlyakova
In this article is investigated the influence of the re-equipment of road transport on natural gas on environmental safety, on the change in the content of emissions of toxic and carcinogenic substances with exhaust gases. Most traditional fuels do not provide low emissions, even though the requirements are constantly tightening. The high content of harmful substances in the combustion products of automobile engines has a negative impact on the environment and health of humankind. This makes us pay attention to alternative fuels, especially natural gas, and its applicability in road transport and the conditions for achieving the required level of environmental safety.The comparison shows that, in terms of physicochemical characteristics, natural gas has advantages over traditional fuels. This justifies its applicability in road transport. An analysis of works in the fi eld of studying the amount and concentration of harmful substances in combustion products for engines completely converted to gas and gas diesel engines, shows that natural gas is the most environmentally friendly fuel. However, in order to achieve the required level of environmental friendliness, it is necessary to consider the type of transport, conditions, mode of operation, etc.From the analysis, a conclusion was made about the ability of natural gas to provide the necessary level of environmental safety. 
本文探讨了道路运输装备改造对天然气环境安全的影响,以及对废气中有毒致癌物排放含量变化的影响。大多数传统燃料不提供低排放,即使要求不断收紧。汽车发动机燃烧产物中有害物质含量高,对环境和人类健康造成负面影响。这使我们关注替代燃料,特别是天然气,以及它在道路运输中的适用性和实现所需环境安全水平的条件。对比表明,天然气在理化特性上优于传统燃料。这证明了它在公路运输中的适用性。对全燃气发动机和燃气柴油发动机燃烧产物中有害物质的量和浓度的研究表明,天然气是最环保的燃料。然而,为了达到所需的环境友好水平,必须考虑运输类型,条件,操作方式等。通过分析,得出了天然气提供必要的环境安全水平的能力。
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引用次数: 0
“Trigger effect” of the passenger 乘客的“触发效应”
Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.429-434
V. I. Ulyanitskaya, O. Pokrovskaya
The purpose of the study is to study the reaction of passengers and customers to the further use of the services provided at the infrastructure facilities of the passenger complex through the main “trigger effects” and behavioral reactions, as well as the possible consequences of their occurrence and the influence of emotional coloring on the assessment of the quality of services. The need for local studies of the “behavioral factors” of the passenger through the element of the “trigger effect” is substantiated, when part of the research will be aimed at result-oriented and proactive introduction of a new service or its automation.Cause-and-effect relationships, simulation modeling, algorithmization, data analysis, block diagramming, etc. are applied. The main parameters (“trigger factors”) of passengers’ refusal to use the services of the station complex are identified.The presented developments will allow to substantiate the relationship between the introduced digital services and the transition to individual automated devices (systems) through an assessment of the perception and reaction of passengers to the services provided and offered, the degree of interaction between passengers and Russian Railways. It is proposed to adjust the life cycle of any service, taking into account possible errors and the influence of “triggers” for a more controlled and reasonable opinion of passengers. Based on the results of the study and the data obtained, it is possible to revise the methodology for assessing the level of passenger satisfaction with the quality of railway transport services and loyalty, which will take into account additional factors (behavioral and trigger) of individualization of services. 
本研究的目的是通过主要的“触发效应”和行为反应,研究乘客和顾客对客运综合体基础设施所提供的服务的进一步使用反应,以及它们发生的可能后果和情绪色彩对服务质量评估的影响。有必要通过“触发效应”的因素对乘客的“行为因素”进行局部研究,当部分研究将以结果为导向并主动引入新服务或其自动化时。应用了因果关系、仿真建模、算法化、数据分析、框图等。确定了乘客拒绝使用车站综合体服务的主要参数(“触发因素”)。所提出的发展将通过评估乘客对所提供和提供的服务的感知和反应,以及乘客与俄罗斯铁路之间的互动程度,来证实引入的数字服务与向个人自动化设备(系统)过渡之间的关系。建议调整任何服务的生命周期,考虑到可能出现的错误和“触发器”的影响,以使乘客的意见更加可控和合理。根据研究结果和获得的数据,有可能修改评估旅客对铁路运输服务质量满意度和忠诚度水平的方法,这将考虑到个性化服务的其他因素(行为和触发)。
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引用次数: 0
Traditional and perspective systems of maintenance and repair of traction rolling stock 牵引车辆维护和修理的传统和展望系统
Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.424-428
K. V. Kuznetsov, L. M. Kovaleva, D. E. Medvedev
Various systems of maintenance and repair of traction rolling stock have been studied using the example of multiple unit rolling stock, and their comparison has been made. The analysis of existing, historically formed systems of preventive maintenance, and perspective maintenance and repair systems based on technical diagnostics data is carried out.As an example, the COMPACS® system is considered, which is a universal system for complex monitoring of the technical condition of equipment, which has a flexible distributed parallel-serial architecture that provides high speed and accuracy of information processing. The main advantage of COMPACS® is the availability of an automatic expert decision support system. The expert system is designed for automatic diagnostics and prediction of the technical condition of the equipment. The task of the expert system is to assist the personnel in making the necessary informed decisions on the management of the operating mode and the state of the equipment. The system of work is described, as well as the scope and principle of operation of this complex monitoring system.The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to create an integrated repair system with a scientifically substantiated regulatory effect on equipment, taking into account the actual technical condition of the units and assemblies of the electric locomotive. 
以多单元机车为例,研究了各种牵引机车车辆维修系统,并进行了比较。对现有的、历史上形成的预防性维修系统和基于技术诊断数据的前瞻性维修系统进行了分析。以COMPACS®系统为例,该系统是一种用于设备技术状态复杂监测的通用系统,具有灵活的分布式并行-串行架构,可提供高速和准确的信息处理。COMPACS®的主要优势是提供自动专家决策支持系统。专家系统是为了对设备的技术状态进行自动诊断和预测而设计的。专家系统的任务是协助工作人员在操作模式和设备状态的管理方面做出必要的明智决策。介绍了该系统的工作原理,以及该复杂监控系统的工作范围和工作原理。笔者认为,应结合电力机车各部件及总成的实际技术状况,建立起对设备具有科学规范作用的综合维修制度。
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引用次数: 0
A branch university on the frontier of technological sovereignty 一所处于技术主权前沿的分校
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.364-375
A. Panychev, O. Pokrovskaya, A. Nikitin, V. Y. Solovyova
The work is devoted to the study of the new role of the transport university in the conditions of anti-Russian sanctions. The paper raises such questions as “Is the politicization of science and education a challenge or a panacea? Forced deglobalization of university activities — a point of growth? The crisis for the industry is a time of opportunity?” It is shown that the mission of a modern university is leadership in the creation of fundamentally new equipment, technologies and human capital for transport.Materials from open Internet sources, tools of ecosystem and project approach, methods of system analysis, theory of synergetics and innovation management were used.The key scientific results of the work of PGUPS in 2022 aimed at ensuring the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation are presented. The role of the scientific results obtained by PGUPS in the national economy in the following tracks is shown: new materials and technologies in construction; automation and digitalization; expert and scientific and methodological support for the implementation of large-scale transport projects; cooperation with academic and high-tech partners.It can be assumed that the intellectual potential of a branch university as a supplier of “engineering special forces” for solving engineering problems of global relevance can and should guarantee the breakthrough high-tech development of the domestic transport ecosystem. 
这项工作致力于研究交通大学在反俄制裁条件下的新作用。这篇论文提出了这样的问题:“科学和教育的政治化是挑战还是灵丹妙药?”大学活动被迫去全球化——一个增长点?危机对行业来说是机遇?”这表明,现代大学的使命是在创造全新的交通设备、技术和人力资本方面发挥领导作用。本文使用了开放互联网资源、生态系统和项目方法工具、系统分析方法、协同学理论和创新管理方法。介绍了2022年PGUPS旨在确保俄罗斯联邦技术主权的关键科学成果。PGUPS的科研成果在国民经济中的作用体现在以下几个方面:新材料、新技术在建筑领域的应用;自动化和数字化;为执行大型运输项目提供专家、科学和方法方面的支助;与学术和高科技合作伙伴的合作。可以假设,作为解决全球相关工程问题的“工程特种部队”供应商的分校的智力潜力可以而且应该保证国内交通生态系统的突破性高科技发展。
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引用次数: 1
Towards modern railroads 走向现代铁路
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.441-447
A. B. Voulfov
The historical events that predetermined the current state of domestic railways in the context of the daily life of compatriots are described. It is emphasized that, having given birth to a new tradition of messages, the Russians have created a new system of relations with the world.The railroad played a leading role in this and has a long and honorable history. The railway, the famous Russian cast-iron, has a long and honorable history. They gave a huge impetus to the development of mail and telegraph (the telegraph was already on the first highway St. Petersburg — Moscow, Tsar Nicholas expressed the liveliest interest in it, asked the telegraph operator to find out the weather in St. distance.Subsequently, the appearance of the cast iron changed: a contact network with a walking row of poles, modern locomotives and wagons, reinforced concrete sleepers, standard structures came to it, a train ticket can be taken without leaving home — this is inevitable and correct. In 1988, the railways of the USSR carried a quarter of the world freight turnover. Without railways, one cannot imagine the history and fate of the Russian state, and literally in all areas of its life. 
在同胞日常生活的背景下,描述了决定国内铁路现状的历史事件。它强调,在产生了新的信息传统之后,俄罗斯人创造了一种与世界关系的新体系。铁路在这方面发挥了主导作用,有着悠久而光荣的历史。这条铁路是俄罗斯著名的铸铁,有着悠久而光荣的历史。它们极大地推动了邮件和电报的发展(电报已经在圣彼得堡-莫斯科的第一条高速公路上),沙皇尼古拉对它表现出了极大的兴趣,要求电报操作员了解圣距离的天气。随后,铸铁的外观发生了变化:带有行走的一排杆子的接触网络,现代机车和货车,钢筋混凝土枕木,标准结构来了,一张火车票可以不出家门-这是不可避免的和正确的。1988年,苏联铁路承运了世界四分之一的货运量。没有铁路,人们无法想象俄罗斯国家的历史和命运,以及它生活的各个领域。
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引用次数: 0
Development of soft-skills as an integral part of secondary vocational education 软技能培养是中等职业教育的重要组成部分
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.386-391
K. B. Murzina
The world is changing rapidly, what was relevant yesterday is no longer in demand in the modern labor market. The main task of secondary vocational education is to keep up with the times and prepare qualified specialists to meet the needs of the modern economy. The article examines the problem of the importance of soft-skills development in the structure of secondary vocational education, raises the question of closer attention to educational programs in terms of the development of personal qualities and human capital. The author reveals the concept of “soft” skills, and also draws attention to the abilities that are most in demand by modern employers. The definition of “hard skills” is given and it is shown why only complex possession of “soft” and “hard” qualities allows you to be a high-class specialist. The methods of developing “soft” skills in the process of obtaining secondary vocational education are proposed. The article summarizes the experience of the teaching staff of the Vologda Technical School of Railway Transport in the field of the formation of supra-professional skills: pedagogical technologies used by teachers in the classroom are presented, a variety of extracurricular activities that contribute to the harmonious development of the student is described. The article is written based on scientific literature, as well as regulatory and legal sources. 
世界瞬息万变,昨天相关的东西在现代劳动力市场上已不再需要。中等职业教育的主要任务是跟上时代的步伐,培养适应现代经济需要的合格的专门人才。本文考察了软技能发展在中等职业教育结构中的重要性问题,提出了在个人素质和人力资本发展方面更加重视教育计划的问题。作者揭示了“软”技能的概念,并提请人们关注现代雇主最需要的能力。本文给出了“硬技能”的定义,并说明了为什么只有同时具备“软”和“硬”两种品质才能成为高级专家。提出了在中等职业教育过程中培养“软”技能的方法。文章总结了沃洛格达铁路运输技术学校教师在超专业技能形成领域的经验:介绍了教师在课堂上使用的教学技术,描述了有助于学生和谐发展的各种课外活动。本文基于科学文献以及监管和法律来源撰写。
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引用次数: 0
“Professionalitet”: formation of personnel potential based on the experience of the Perm Institute of Railway Transport “专业人才”:在彼尔姆铁路运输学院的经验基础上形成人才潜力
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.381-385
N. Sirina, E. B. Gomola, D. R. Sabirov, A. V. Volynskaya
Currently, there is a radical restructuring of secondary vocational education in all spheres of industry production of the Russian Federation, in particular, in the railway transport industry, where special attention is paid to the development of highly qualified personnel potential. On September 1, 2022, the program of the Ministry of Education of Russia “Professionalitet” was launched, which included the railway industry. The main goal of the program is to organically connect the system of training highly qualified middle-level personnel with production industries, as well as to make training in vocational education programs less costly for the state budget.Nine leading educational institutions of the country, including the Perm Institute of Railway Transport, a branch of the Ural State Transport University, became the navigator of the federal project “Professionalitet” in the railway industry.At the Institute, “Professionalitet” included three specialties: 08.02.10 “Construction of railways, track and track facilities”; February 23, 2006 “Technical operation of rolling stock of railways (specialization locomotives)”; 27.02.03 “Automation and telemechanics in transport (railway transport)”. Equipment standards have been developed for each of the specialties.
目前,在俄罗斯联邦工业生产的所有领域,特别是在铁路运输业,正在对中等职业教育进行彻底改革,其中特别注意发展具有高度资格的人才潜力。2022年9月1日,俄罗斯教育部“专业人才”项目启动,其中包括铁路行业。该计划的主要目标是将培养高素质中级人才的体系与生产行业有机地联系起来,并减少国家预算中职业教育项目的培训成本。包括乌拉尔国立交通大学分支机构彼尔姆铁路运输学院在内的全国九所主要教育机构成为铁路行业联邦项目“Professionalitet”的领航员。在该所,“专业”包括三个专业:08.02.10“铁路、轨道和轨道设施建设”;2006年2月23日《铁路车辆技术操作(专用机车)》;27.02.03“运输(铁路运输)中的自动化和远程机械”。每个专业都制定了设备标准。
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引用次数: 0
A way of 100 years 一个100年的方式
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.461-465
M. Kirsanova, T. V. Mashtanova
Novosibirsk College of Transport Technologies named after N.A. Lunin celebrates a centenary. All implemented professional educational programs have successfully passed professional and public accreditation, and the college has passed the procedure for independent assessment of the quality of the conditions for the implementation of educational activities. Every year the college graduates over 300 specialists, of which at least 90 % are employed at the enterprises of the West Siberian Railway.For high performance in the training of young specialists, the college was awarded diplomas and letters of thanks from the administration of the Novosibirsk Region, the management of Russian Railways and the West Siberian Railway. Repeatedly, the educational institution became the winner of the Interregional competition “Enterprise of the Year of Siberia” and the city competition “Novosibirsk Mark”, the college was listed on the Board of Honor of Novosibirsk.Currently, 1,235 students study at the college full-time, including 350 in the Baraba branch. Every year more than 1,000 people improve their qualifi cations, undergo training and retraining at the vocational training department. Consistently high indicators of the quality of education have been achieved: the state task for the admission of students, the safety of the contingent, and employment is carried out annually. 
以鲁宁命名的新西伯利亚交通技术学院庆祝百年校庆。所有实施的专业教育项目均顺利通过专业和公众认证,学院通过了实施教育活动质量条件的独立评估程序。每年有300多名专家毕业,其中至少90%受雇于西西伯利亚铁路企业。由于在培养年轻专家方面的出色表现,学院获得了新西伯利亚地区管理部门、俄罗斯铁路管理部门和西西伯利亚铁路管理部门颁发的证书和感谢信。教育机构多次成为“西伯利亚年度企业”跨区域竞赛和“新西伯利亚标志”城市竞赛的获胜者,学院被列入新西伯利亚荣誉委员会。目前,该学院有1235名全日制学生,其中350名在巴拉巴分校学习。每年有1000多人在职业培训部门提高资格,接受培训和再培训。教育质量的指标一直很高:每年都要完成招生、队伍安全和就业的国家任务。
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引用次数: 0
From the medical and obstetric school to medical college 从医学和产科学校到医学院
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.462-466
I. Y. Luchinin, E. V. Odnoletkova, S. P. Gonta
The history of the creation and formation of the Medical College of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, its traditions, as well as the activities of the college staff for the training of medical workers are considered.The main directions of the development of the college at the present stage are shown: strengthening the material base, software, methodological and information support, participation in the WorldSkills championship and competitive movement.Currently, Medical College is successfully working in the field of educational services in the Sverdlovsk region. This is facilitated by the combination of the best pedagogical traditions, fixed by almost a century of history, with the latest achievements in the field of medicine, pedagogy and teaching methods. The mission of the educational organization is to train a qualified medical specialist of the appropriate level and profile of education, competitive in the labor market, fluent in his profession and oriented in related fields of activity, ready for continuous professional growth, social and professional mobility.Every year, college graduates who want to continue their education successfully pass exams for medical schools. For 85 years of work, the college has produced more than six thousand specialists in various fields: midwives, paramedics, nurses, laboratory assistants. Many of them have achieved great success in their professional activities. In the last five years alone, more than 650 people have graduated from the college. 
介绍了乌拉尔国立铁路运输大学医学院创建和组建的历史、传统以及学院工作人员为培训医务人员所开展的活动。提出了学院现阶段发展的主要方向:加强物质基础、软件、方法和信息支持,参加世界技能大赛和竞技运动。目前,医学院在斯维尔德洛夫斯克地区的教育服务领域取得了成功。这得益于近一个世纪的历史所形成的最好的教学传统与医学、教育学和教学方法领域的最新成就的结合。该教育组织的使命是培养具有适当教育水平和教育背景的合格医学专家,在劳动力市场上具有竞争力,精通其专业,并以相关活动领域为导向,为持续的专业成长,社会和专业流动做好准备。每年,想要继续深造的大学毕业生都能顺利通过医学院的考试。85年来,该学院培养了6000多名不同领域的专家:助产士、护理人员、护士、实验室助理。他们中的许多人在他们的专业活动中取得了巨大的成功。仅在过去的五年里,就有650多人从该学院毕业。
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引用次数: 0
The effectiveness of the use of game-pedagogical technologies in the training of specialists railway transport 游戏教学技术在铁路运输专业人才培训中的应用效果
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.376-380
E. Golubeva
In the modern requirements for the results of mastering the main professional educational program, great attention is paid to the formation of applied qualifications and the training of qualified personnel, as well as ensuring the variability of the educational program for the implementation of employers’ requests. Therefore, teachers need to adjust and update teaching methods and technologies taking into account the professional orientation of the secondary vocational education programs, implement intensive training elements, application modules, use remote, electronic and network forms of training. Such technologies contribute to the active development of the personality of the future specialist.The use of modern educational technologies based on the use of active teaching methods is one of the important means of forming a competitive person. The number of such methods is quite large, but the most popular and relevant are gaming technologies.The principle of the activity of students in the process of training was and remains one of the main ones in pedagogy. To develop motivation to learn and acquire new skills, the best method is the use of such pedagogical technology as gaming.Volunteerism, choice, competitive components, self-affirmation and self-realization ensure high learning outcomes when using gaming technologies. The process of assimilating knowledge and skills during the game becomes natural.The use of gaming technologies in classes has proved their success both in improving the efficiency of training and in solving the many problems facing teachers.Gaming technologies are profitably different from other teaching methods in that they allow students to be personally involved in achieving their goals, make it possible to immerse themselves for some time in “real” life situations and look for a solution to the problems that have arisen. 
在现代对掌握主要专业教育计划成果的要求中,非常注重应用资格的形成和合格人才的培养,以及确保教育计划的可变性,以实现雇主的要求。因此,教师需要根据中等职业教育课程的专业定位,调整和更新教学方法和技术,实施集约化培训要素、应用模块,采用远程、电子化、网络化的培训形式。这些技术有助于未来专家个性的积极发展。在积极主动的教学方法的基础上运用现代教育技术,是形成有竞争力的人才的重要手段之一。这类方法的数量非常多,但最受欢迎和最相关的是游戏技术。学生在训练过程中的活动原则过去是,现在仍然是教育学的主要原则之一。为了培养学习和获得新技能的动机,最好的方法是使用游戏等教学技术。在使用游戏技术时,志愿精神、选择、竞争成分、自我肯定和自我实现确保了高学习效果。在游戏中吸收知识和技能的过程变得自然。在课堂上使用游戏技术已经证明了它们在提高培训效率和解决教师面临的许多问题方面的成功。游戏技术与其他教学方法的不同之处在于,它们允许学生亲自参与实现他们的目标,让他们有可能沉浸在“真实”的生活情境中,并寻找出现问题的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
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Transport Technician: Education and Practice
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