Composites Part B: Engineering最新文献_第9页

Moisture absorption behavior of sheet molding compound thermoplastic composites and its influence on the impact performance of a battery housing 片状复合热塑性复合材料吸湿性能及其对电池外壳冲击性能的影响

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113349

Aikaterini Fragiadaki, Konstantinos Tserpes

Nowadays, composite materials are increasingly used for electric vehicle (EV) battery housings due to their superior specific properties, improving the overall safety and performance of the vehicles. This study investigates the long-term moisture absorption behaviour of a flame-retardant thermoplastic sheet molding compound (SMC) composite and its implications regarding the crash performance of a battery housing. Specimens were subjected to immersion in deionized water at 25 °C for up to 3000 h, followed by desorption, revealing an initial Fickian diffusion stage, reaching an equilibrium moisture content of 0.75 wt %, followed by non-Fickian behaviour associated with matrix plasticization and interfacial damage. Mechanical testing confirmed substantial property degradation, with tensile and flexural strengths reduced by approximately 50 % at saturation, while desorption resulted in partial recovery indicating irreversible microstructural damage. Diffusion models based on Fick's law were developed to predict moisture absorption, while linear and exponential degradation laws were employed to describe property evolution as a function of moisture content. The experimentally calibrated degradation model was subsequently integrated into LS-DYNA simulations to assess the impact response of the battery housing structure. Numerical results demonstrate that moisture-induced degradation significantly reduces the energy absorption capability and increases deformation of the housing, particularly under higher impact velocities, leading to increased displacement of the internal cell pack. This proposed coupled experimental and numerical framework provides a practical methodology for incorporating environmental aging effects into the crashworthiness assessment and design of EV battery enclosures, with regards to a safety-oriented approach.

目前，复合材料由于其优越的性能，越来越多地用于电动汽车电池外壳，提高了车辆的整体安全性和性能。本研究探讨了一种阻燃热塑性模压复合材料（SMC）的长期吸湿性能及其对电池外壳碰撞性能的影响。样品在25°C的去离子水中浸泡3000小时，然后是解吸，显示初始菲克式扩散阶段，达到0.75 wt %的平衡含水量，随后是与基体塑化和界面损伤相关的非菲克式行为。力学测试证实了性能的显著退化，饱和状态下拉伸和弯曲强度降低了约50%，而解吸导致部分恢复，表明微观结构发生了不可逆的损伤。采用基于菲克定律的扩散模型来预测吸湿，采用线性和指数退化规律来描述性能随含水率的变化。随后，将实验校准的退化模型集成到LS-DYNA模拟中，以评估电池外壳结构的冲击响应。数值结果表明，湿致降解显著降低了壳体的能量吸收能力，并增加了壳体的变形，特别是在较高的冲击速度下，导致内部电池组的位移增加。本文提出的实验和数值耦合框架为将环境老化效应纳入电动汽车电池外壳的耐撞性评估和设计提供了一种实用的方法，以安全为导向。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating protective mechanisms of polyurea reentrant lattice encasements on composite cylinders subjected to near-field underwater explosions 近场水下爆炸对复合材料圆柱体的聚脲可重入点阵保护机制的研究

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113337

Jonathan T. Villada , Carlos Javier , Helio Matos , Arun Shukla , Sumanta Das

This study investigates the protective performance of polyurea reentrant auxetic encasements in mitigating the effects of near-field underwater explosion (UNDEX) on composite cylinders. A coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian fluid–structure interaction (FSI) framework in LS-DYNA was employed to capture the highly transient UNDEX environment. The numerical framework was validated against experiments on unprotected composites, showing close agreement in pressure–time histories and radial displacement. With validation established, the model was applied to evaluate auxetic encasements, which demonstrated clear reductions in peak pressure, strain, and centerline displacement by redistributing energy into the auxetic layer. Parametric studies examined charge effects and geometric variations of the encasement. Closer standoff distances and larger charges produced higher pressures and deflections, while the auxetic absorbed the majority of the added energy. Thinner cell walls enhanced localized collapse and reduced composite loading by 85 %, whereas thicker walls transferred more energy to the cylinder. For mass-equivalent comparisons varying the auxetic geometrical features, larger arc angles shifted more energy into the auxetic by reducing energy transfer to the composite and lowering deflection. Adding more auxetic layers delayed and lowered composite loading, achieving nearly a 60 % reduction in peak displacement between one and five layers. Finally, acute slant angles maximized energy absorption in the encasement through localized collapse, limiting kinetic energy transfer to only 26 % of the total energy. The results highlight that the most effective auxetic configuration integrates large arc angles, multiple layers, acute slant geometries, and thin wall structures, maximizing blast energy absorption while minimizing composite strain and displacement.

本文研究了聚脲可重入式消声器对复合材料气瓶近场水下爆炸（UNDEX）的防护性能。采用LS-DYNA中的欧拉-拉格朗日流固耦合框架（FSI）来捕捉高度瞬态的UNDEX环境。数值框架与无保护的复合材料实验进行了验证，显示出压力-时间历史和径向位移的密切一致。验证建立后，该模型被应用于评估辅助层，通过将能量重新分配到辅助层，可以明显降低峰值压力、应变和中心线位移。参数研究检查了电荷效应和外壳的几何变化。更近的距离和更大的电荷产生了更高的压力和挠度，而辅助气体吸收了大部分增加的能量。较薄的细胞壁增强了局部坍塌，减少了85%的复合材料载荷，而较厚的细胞壁向圆柱体传递了更多的能量。在质量等效比较中，改变了消声几何特征，较大的圆弧角通过减少向复合材料的能量传递和降低挠度，将更多的能量转移到消声中。添加更多的辅助层可以延迟和降低复合材料的载荷，使1层和5层之间的峰值位移降低近60%。最后，急斜角通过局部坍塌使包裹体的能量吸收最大化，将动能转移限制在总能量的26%。结果表明，最有效的减振结构集成了大圆弧角、多层、急斜几何形状和薄壁结构，最大限度地吸收爆炸能量，同时最小化复合应变和位移。

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引用次数: 0

Flexural behavior of Timber-ECC Sandwich Beams: An experimental and theoretical investigation 木材- ecc夹层梁的受弯性能：试验与理论研究

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113343

Songqiang Wan , Long Liu , Chunling Yan , Zhenliang Liu , Xianchao Zheng , Cong Zhang , Liang Cui , Yuxuan Su , Menghao Ming , Hao Yuan

To address the limited flexural strength and deformation capacity of wooden beams caused by inherent material defects, this study proposes a composite sandwich structure. The Timber-ECC Sandwich Beam (TEB) consists of engineering cementitious composites (ECC) applied to the top and bottom surfaces of the timber beam and connected through shear connectors. The flexural performance of 12 test specimens under static loading was systematically evaluated. Key experimental variables included the thickness of the top and bottom ECC layers and the type of interface connection. The influence of design parameters on the flexural behavior of TEB was comprehensively assessed through the analysis of failure modes, load-deflection curves, flexural bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility, energy absorption capacity, and strain distribution. The results show that the TEB is an effective structural solution that significantly enhances the flexural strength and deflection capacity of timber beams. Compared to the control beam, the ultimate load of the TEB increased by 28.12 %–74.93 %, stiffness improved by 47.41 %–85.19 %, and the ductility coefficient increased by 40 %–96.88 %. A comparative evaluation of interface connection methods showed that self-tapping screws provide more effective force transfer between ECC and timber compared to bolted and bonded rebar connections. Based on established assumptions, a theoretical model was developed to predict the flexural strength of TEBs, and the model's predictions were in excellent agreement with the experimental results. The TEB proposed in this paper overcomes the drawbacks of traditional reinforcement methods—such as those using fiber-reinforced polymers or steel reinforcement—in terms of corrosion susceptibility, brittleness, and poor interfacial compatibility, thereby achieving a synergistic improvement in structural performance. This research provides a robust theoretical foundation for the integration of ECC in wooden structural engineering and the design of lightweight, high-performance structures.

针对木梁固有材料缺陷造成的抗弯强度和变形能力有限的问题，提出了复合夹层结构。木材-ECC夹层梁（TEB）由工程胶凝复合材料（ECC）组成，应用于木梁的上下表面，并通过剪切连接件连接。系统评价了12个试件在静荷载作用下的抗弯性能。关键实验变量包括上下ECC层的厚度和接口连接类型。通过破坏模式、荷载-挠曲曲线、抗弯承载力、刚度、延性、能量吸收能力、应变分布等分析，综合评价设计参数对TEB抗弯性能的影响。结果表明，TEB是一种有效的结构解决方案，可以显著提高木材梁的抗弯强度和挠曲能力。与对照梁相比，TEB的极限荷载提高了28.12% ~ 74.93%，刚度提高了47.41% ~ 85.19%，延性系数提高了40% ~ 96.88%。界面连接方法的对比评估表明，与螺栓连接和粘结钢筋连接相比，自攻螺钉在ECC与木材之间提供了更有效的力传递。在既定假设的基础上，建立了预测teb抗弯强度的理论模型，模型预测结果与实验结果吻合良好。本文提出的TEB克服了传统加固方法（如使用纤维增强聚合物或钢筋）在腐蚀敏感性、脆性和界面相容性差等方面的缺点，从而实现了结构性能的协同提高。本研究为ECC在木结构工程中的应用以及轻量化、高性能结构的设计提供了坚实的理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and experimental analysis of infiltration in graphene preforms using a level-set approach 使用水平集方法模拟和实验分析石墨烯预制件中的渗透

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113347

Kang Yun , Jiming Zhou , Honglin Wu , Lehua Qi

This study aims to investigate the infiltration behavior of molten Mg into low-strength, high-porosity graphene preforms and determine the minimum infiltration pressure required to achieve saturated infiltration, thereby providing theoretical guidance for the fabrication of graphene-reinforced magnesium matrix composites. By integrating the level-set method with the Navier–Stokes equations and extracting the pore network from the composite microstructure, a two-dimensional pore-scale infiltration model was established. The infiltration process under pressures of 30, 50, and 70 kPa was systematically simulated, revealing the evolution of pressure fields, velocity fields, and saturation levels. The results demonstrate that infiltration pressure significantly influences both the flow dynamics and final saturation: at 30 kPa, infiltration lasted approximately 0.8 ms with average flow velocities maintained within 0.5–1 m/s, resulting in a laminated structure with extensive un-infiltrated regions; at 50 kPa, the infiltration duration extended to 2 ms, with a maximum velocity exceeding 1 m/s and improved saturation level, though localized un-infiltrated zones persisted; at 70 kPa, near-complete saturation (>90 %) was achieved within about 2 ms, and experimentally fabricated composites exhibited uniform infiltration morphology. The established “image-based modeling – simulation – experimental validation” framework provides a reliable tool for optimizing liquid-metal infiltration in highly porous media and offers valuable guidance for the scalable production of high-performance metal-matrix composites.

本研究旨在研究熔融Mg对低强度、高孔隙率石墨烯预制体的渗透行为，确定达到饱和渗透所需的最小渗透压力，从而为石墨烯增强镁基复合材料的制备提供理论指导。将水平集方法与Navier-Stokes方程相结合，从复合材料微观结构中提取孔隙网络，建立二维孔隙尺度入渗模型。系统模拟了30、50和70 kPa压力下的入渗过程，揭示了压力场、速度场和饱和度的演变过程。结果表明：入渗压力对渗流动力学和最终饱和度均有显著影响：在30 kPa条件下，入渗时间约为0.8 ms，平均流速维持在0.5 ~ 1 m/s，形成具有广泛未入渗区域的层状结构；在50 kPa下，入渗时间延长至2 ms，最大流速超过1 m/s，饱和程度有所改善，但局部未入渗区仍存在；在70 kPa下，约2 ms内接近完全饱和（> 90%），实验制备的复合材料表现出均匀的渗透形态。所建立的“基于图像的建模-仿真-实验验证”框架为优化高多孔介质中液态金属渗透提供了可靠的工具，并为高性能金属基复合材料的规模化生产提供了有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Nautilus-inspired MXene@TiO2 brick-mortar architecture towards superior strength-toughness balance in carbon fiber/epoxy composite 受鹦鹉螺号启发的MXene@TiO2砖砂浆建筑，在碳纤维/环氧复合材料中实现卓越的强度-韧性平衡

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113333

Nuo Xu , Zhihong Ma , Jinzhi Ouyang , Mingkun Jia , Tianyu Zhao , Fengjuan Wang , Wenxiang Xu , Shaohua Chen

Balancing strength and toughness with synergistic enhancement remains a critical challenge in developing high-performance carbon fiber (CF) composites. Deep-sea nautilus exhibits a superior strength-toughness balance compared with shallow-water nacre, attributed to its exceptionally large platelet aspect ratio, densely distributed nano-asperities, and higher organic matrix content that jointly give rise to enhanced interfacial shear resistance through coupled adhesion-friction mechanisms. Inspired by this naturally optimized architecture, we develop a biomimetic “brick-and-mortar” interphase using MXene@TiO₂ assembled with polydopamine/polyethyleneimine (PDA/PEI) nanolayers. Unlike conventional “brick-and-mortar” interphases, the micro-convex TiO₂ nanoparticles on MXene surfaces provide mechanical interlocking and more homogenized stress transfer, while PDA/PEI layers ensures strong chemical adhesion, enabling the simultaneous enhancement of interfacial strength and toughness. The resulting CF-MXene@TiO₂/epoxy composite exhibits a 66.9 % increase in interfacial shear strength (75.6 ± 3.3 MPa) and a 71.9 % rise in interfacial fracture toughness

G_{ic}

= 91.3 ± 5.9 J/m², compared to the desized CF. Flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength are also improved by 31.6 % and 46.9 %, respectively. Mechanistic analysis indicates that the synergistic interaction between the micro-convex “brick” (MXene@TiO₂ nanosheet) and the “mortar” (PDA/PEI nanolayer) optimizes the interfacial microstructure, effectively suppressing crack propagation and promoting superior interfacial strength and toughness. This work provides a rational biomimetic strategy to overcome the strength-toughness trade-off and offers potential applications in aerospace, marine, and other high-performance CF composite structures.

在高性能碳纤维复合材料的开发中，如何在强度和韧性之间取得平衡和协同增强仍然是一个关键的挑战。与浅水珍珠层相比，深海鹦鹉螺具有更好的强度-韧性平衡，这是由于其特别大的片状长径比、密集分布的纳米颗粒以及较高的有机基质含量，这些因素通过粘着-摩擦耦合机制共同增强了界面剪切阻力。受这种自然优化结构的启发，我们使用聚多巴胺/聚乙烯亚胺（PDA/PEI）纳米层组装的MXene@TiO2开发了一种仿生“砖瓦”间相。与传统的“砖混”界面相不同，MXene表面的微凸TiO2纳米颗粒提供了机械联锁和更均匀的应力传递，而PDA/PEI层确保了强大的化学附着力，从而同时增强了界面强度和韧性。结果表明，CF-MXene@TiO2/环氧复合材料的界面抗剪强度（75.6±3.3 MPa）提高了66.9%，界面断裂韧性（Gic = 91.3±5.9 J/m2）提高了71.9%，抗折强度和层间抗剪强度分别提高了31.6%和46.9%。机理分析表明，微凸“砖”（MXene@TiO2纳米片）与“砂浆”（PDA/PEI纳米层）之间的协同作用优化了界面微观结构，有效抑制了裂纹扩展，提高了界面的强度和韧性。这项工作提供了一种合理的仿生策略来克服强度与韧性之间的权衡，并在航空航天、海洋和其他高性能CF复合材料结构中提供了潜在的应用。

{"title":"Nautilus-inspired MXene@TiO2 brick-mortar architecture towards superior strength-toughness balance in carbon fiber/epoxy composite","authors":"Nuo Xu , Zhihong Ma , Jinzhi Ouyang , Mingkun Jia , Tianyu Zhao , Fengjuan Wang , Wenxiang Xu , Shaohua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Balancing strength and toughness with synergistic enhancement remains a critical challenge in developing high-performance carbon fiber (CF) composites. Deep-sea nautilus exhibits a superior strength-toughness balance compared with shallow-water nacre, attributed to its exceptionally large platelet aspect ratio, densely distributed nano-asperities, and higher organic matrix content that jointly give rise to enhanced interfacial shear resistance through coupled adhesion-friction mechanisms. Inspired by this naturally optimized architecture, we develop a biomimetic “brick-and-mortar” interphase using MXene@TiO<sub>2</sub> assembled with polydopamine/polyethyleneimine (PDA/PEI) nanolayers. Unlike conventional “brick-and-mortar” interphases, the micro-convex TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles on MXene surfaces provide mechanical interlocking and more homogenized stress transfer, while PDA/PEI layers ensures strong chemical adhesion, enabling the simultaneous enhancement of interfacial strength and toughness. The resulting CF-MXene@TiO<sub>2</sub>/epoxy composite exhibits a 66.9 % increase in interfacial shear strength (75.6 ± 3.3 MPa) and a 71.9 % rise in interfacial fracture toughness <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mtext>ic</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> = 91.3 ± 5.9 J/m<sup>2</sup>, compared to the desized CF. Flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength are also improved by 31.6 % and 46.9 %, respectively. Mechanistic analysis indicates that the synergistic interaction between the micro-convex “brick” (MXene@TiO<sub>2</sub> nanosheet) and the “mortar” (PDA/PEI nanolayer) optimizes the interfacial microstructure, effectively suppressing crack propagation and promoting superior interfacial strength and toughness. This work provides a rational biomimetic strategy to overcome the strength-toughness trade-off and offers potential applications in aerospace, marine, and other high-performance CF composite structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 113333"},"PeriodicalIF":14.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanically superior MXene/PBONF-PSS membrane with adjustable surface charge for ultrahigh osmotic energy harvesting towards extremely complex conditions 机械性能优越的MXene/PBONF-PSS膜具有可调节的表面电荷，用于超高渗透能量收集，以适应极其复杂的条件

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113332

Runyu Duan , Xiaoyan Ma , Bohan Ding , Xingrong Zhang , Biao Kong , Jian Liu , Lei Jiang , Chao Teng

Osmotic energy has emerged as a highly promising renewable energy source due to its abundant reserves, environmental sustainability, and widespread availability. While the influences of conventional environmental factors such as temperature and pH on the performance of osmotic energy conversion membranes have been extensively studied, their performance and stability under harsh mechanical conditions, such as ultrasonic vibration, puncture, and stretching, remain poorly understood. To overcome this limitation, we developed innovative MXene/poly(p-phenylene-benzodioxazole) nanofibers (PBONF)-polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) (MXP-PSS) composite membranes by integrating rigid PSS-functionalized PBONF with negatively charged MXene nanosheets using a precisely regulated surface charge modification and interfacial engineering strategy. The resulting membrane exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with a longitudinal tensile strength of 299.27 ± 8.20 MPa and transverse puncture resistance of 1057.65 KPa, which is far superior to that of pure MXene membranes, as corroborated by finite element simulation. More importantly, the membrane demonstrates superior osmotic energy conversion performance, achieving peak power densities of 15.18 W/m² and 67.57 W/m² under 50-fold and 500-fold salinity gradients, respectively, while maintaining excellent ion selectivity (0.87 and 0.79). Notably, the membrane retains stable power generation even under extreme conditions including ultrasonic vibration, mechanical stretching, and wide pH ranges, demonstrating unprecedented environmental durability. This work presents a breakthrough in developing highly mechanical, charge-tunable nanofluidic membranes for efficient osmotic energy harvesting in complex environments.

渗透能因其储量丰富、环境可持续性和广泛可用性而成为一种极具发展前景的可再生能源。虽然温度和pH等常规环境因素对渗透能转换膜性能的影响已经得到了广泛的研究，但它们在恶劣机械条件下的性能和稳定性，如超声波振动、穿刺和拉伸，仍然知之甚少。为了克服这一限制，我们开发了创新的MXene/聚（对苯-苯并二恶唑）纳米纤维(PBONF)-聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PSS）（MXP-PSS）复合膜，通过精确调节表面电荷修饰和界面工程策略，将刚性PSS功能化的PBONF与带负电荷的MXene纳米片集成在一起。经有限元模拟证实，制备的MXene膜具有优异的力学性能，纵向抗拉强度为299.27±8.20 MPa，横向抗穿刺能力为1057.65 KPa，远远优于纯MXene膜。更重要的是，该膜具有优异的渗透能转换性能，在50倍和500倍盐度梯度下，其峰值功率密度分别为15.18 W/m2和67.57 W/m2，同时保持了优异的离子选择性（0.87和0.79）。值得注意的是，即使在极端条件下，包括超声波振动、机械拉伸和宽pH范围，这种膜也能保持稳定的发电，表现出前所未有的环境耐久性。这项工作在开发高机械、电荷可调的纳米流体膜方面取得了突破性进展，可用于在复杂环境中高效的渗透能量收集。

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引用次数: 0

Ionic liquid-MOF hybridization via covalent amide linkage enables highly efficient FeZrO2-NC ORR catalyst for flexible Al-air batteries 通过共价酰胺连接的离子液体- mof杂交使柔性铝空气电池的FeZrO2-NC ORR催化剂高效

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113328

Sania Naseer , Vijayakumar Elumalai , Muthukumar Perumalsamy , Arunprasath Sathyaseelan , Anandhan Ayyappan Saj , Sang-Jae Kim

The advancement of flexible Al-air batteries demands high-performance, non-precious oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts and compatible solid-state electrolytes to achieve high power output, stability, and mechanical resilience. Herein, we present an innovative and novel approach to synthesize a high-performance, non-precious ORR catalyst by covalently grafting a carboxyl group containing Fe-based ionic liquid (Fe-IL), 1-(3-carboxybutyl)-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([CBMIM][FeCl₄]), onto a zirconium (Zr)-based metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66-NH₂, via amide bond formation. This molecular-level integration ensures uniform Fe distribution, suppresses agglomeration during pyrolysis, and leads to a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix embedded with ZrO₂ nanodomains and atomically distributed Fe-N_x sites. The optimized FeZrO₂-NC (850) catalyst exhibits a high onset potential (E_onset) (0.98 V vs. RHE) with a half-wave potential (E_1/2) of 0.91 V vs. RHE and superior stability, exceeding the commercial Pt/C. Complementing the catalyst, we develop a novel quasi-solid-state electrolyte based on a cationic polyelectrolyte gel embedded in a polypropylene (PP) pad, delivering leak-proof operation with high ionic conductivity and mechanical flexibility. When integrated into a flexible Al-air battery, the device delivers an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.47 V with a peak power density of 42 mW cm^-² and maintains stable operation under mechanical deformations. This work highlights the synergistic integration of ionic-liquid-functionalized MOFs and quasi-solid-state electrolytes, establishing a scalable route toward next-generation flexible aluminum-air batteries (FAABs).

柔性铝空气电池的发展需要高性能、非贵重氧还原反应（ORR）催化剂和兼容的固态电解质，以实现高功率输出、稳定性和机械弹性。在此，我们提出了一种创新的方法，通过酰胺键形成，将含有铁基离子液体（Fe-IL）的羧基(1-（3-羧基丁基）-3-甲基咪唑四氯铁酸盐（[CBMIM][FeCl4]）共价接枝到锆（Zr）基金属有机骨架（MOF） UiO-66-NH2上，合成了一种高性能的非贵重ORR催化剂。这种分子水平的整合确保了均匀的铁分布，抑制了热解过程中的团聚，并导致氮掺杂碳基体嵌入了ZrO2纳米畴和原子分布的Fe- nx位点。优化后的FeZrO2-NC（850）催化剂具有较高的起始电位（Eonset）（0.98 V vs. RHE）和半波电位（E1/2）（0.91 V vs. RHE），稳定性优于商用Pt/C。作为催化剂的补充，我们开发了一种新型准固态电解质，该电解质基于嵌入聚丙烯（PP）衬垫的阳离子聚电解质凝胶，具有高离子导电性和机械灵活性，可提供防泄漏操作。当集成到柔性铝空气电池中时，该器件提供1.47 V的开路电压（OCV），峰值功率密度为42 mW cm-2，并在机械变形下保持稳定运行。这项工作强调了离子液体功能化mof和准固态电解质的协同集成，为下一代柔性铝空气电池（faab）建立了一条可扩展的路线。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical analysis of uncertainty propagation in short fiber-reinforced composites: From injection molding to material testing 短纤维增强复合材料不确定性传播的数值分析：从注射成型到材料测试

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113311

Nicolas Christ , Florian Wittemann , Benedikt Rohrmüller , Jörg Hohe , Luise Kärger , Carla Beckmann

The present study investigates a novel methodology for the numerical assessment of uncertainties and their propagation in injection-molded fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs). Focusing on two primary sources of uncertainty, which are the microstructural variability due to injection molding process parameters and inherent material scatter, the research examines their individual contributions to the scattering of effective properties, specifically the Young’s modulus of the composite. A random vector model was used to describe the orientation states across the structure, derived from multiple injection molding simulations with varying input parameter distributions. The scatter of structural material parameters is further built upon a joint distribution between orientation concentration and constitutive parameters. The results reveal that while the overall orientation states exhibited less scatter than expected, a clear relationship emerged between the concentration of injection molding parameters and the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of effective modulus, indicating non-linear interactions between orientation and material scatter. Additionally, the analysis highlighted the increased sensitivity of scattering behavior based on sample orientation, emphasizing the effect of geometry on flow properties. This research underscores the complex interplay of uncertainties in determining effective material behavior, suggesting that future studies should explore a broader range of input parameters and refine distribution assumptions. The findings provide valuable insights for advancing the design and manufacturing processes of polymer composites, establishing a foundation for more comprehensive analyses of uncertainty in material properties.

本文研究了一种新的不确定性数值评估方法及其在注射成型纤维增强聚合物（frp）中的传播。该研究着眼于两个主要的不确定性来源，即注射成型工艺参数和固有材料散射引起的微观结构变化，研究了它们对有效性能散射的各自贡献，特别是复合材料的杨氏模量。基于不同输入参数分布的多次注射成型仿真，采用随机矢量模型来描述整个结构的取向状态。基于取向浓度和本构参数的联合分布，进一步建立了结构材料参数的离散性。结果表明，虽然整体取向状态的散射比预期的要小，但注射参数浓度与有效模量累积分布函数（CDFs）之间存在明显的关系，表明取向与材料散射之间存在非线性相互作用。此外，分析强调了基于样品取向的散射行为的灵敏度增加，强调了几何形状对流动特性的影响。这项研究强调了确定有效材料行为的不确定性的复杂相互作用，表明未来的研究应该探索更大范围的输入参数并完善分布假设。这些发现为推进聚合物复合材料的设计和制造过程提供了有价值的见解，为更全面地分析材料性能的不确定性奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

D-band regulated MnO–rGO with crystalline-amorphous phase boundaries for selective LiOH formation in Li–air batteries d波段调节MnO-rGO晶体-非晶态相界在锂-空气电池中选择性形成LiOH

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113331

Wenfeng Cui , Jie Tang , Guangxu Xu , Hang Yin , Wipakorn Jevasuwan , Naoki Fukata

The development of Li–air batteries (LABs) is obstructed by low energy efficiency and poor cycle life, primarily due to the high reaction of aggressive Li₂O₂ and difficult decomposition of Li₂CO₃. Achieving selective LiOH formation is an attractive cycling route, as LiOH is far less thermodynamically driven to react with CO₂ than Li₂O₂ and possesses low decomposition potential. Herein, a d-band center regulation strategy is employed to fabricate the cathode catalyst with selective LiOH products formation. The optimized MnO–3 rGO (reduced graphene oxide) form abundant crystalline-amorphous phase boundaries, in synergy with interfacial electron transfer from rGO to MnO, effectively regulate the d-band center of Mn 3d, enhance O₂ activation and intermediate stabilization, promoting the reaction pathway toward selective LiOH formation while suppressing Li₂CO₃ accumulation. As a result, the MnO–3 rGO cathode delivers a stable cycle life exceeding 500 h (500 mA g⁻¹ @ 1000 mA h g⁻¹) under the ambient air environment, along with excellent rate capability and large discharge capacity across a wide temperature range (18949 mA h g⁻¹ at 60 °C, 16111 mA h g⁻¹ at 25 °C, 13138 mA h g⁻¹ at −40 °C). DRT/DCT (distribution of relaxation/characteristic times) analyses and multiple spectroscopic characterizations were employed to investigate kinetic behavior and elucidate the underlying mechanisms that optimize electrochemical performance. This work provides a facile strategy for achieving efficient and durable catalysts in LABs.

锂空气电池（LABs）的发展受到能量效率低和循环寿命差的阻碍，主要是由于Li2O2的高反应和Li2CO3的难分解。实现选择性LiOH形成是一个有吸引力的循环途径，因为LiOH与CO2反应的热力学驱动远小于Li2O2，并且具有较低的分解潜力。本文采用d波段中心调控策略制备了选择性生成LiOH产物的阴极催化剂。优化后的MnO - 3rgo（还原氧化石墨烯）形成丰富的晶态-非晶态相边界，协同rGO向MnO的界面电子转移，有效调节Mn 3d的d波段中心，增强O2活化和中间稳定性，促进选择性LiOH形成的反应途径，同时抑制Li2CO3的积累。因此，MnO-3 rGO阴极在环境空气环境下提供了超过500小时（500 mA g - 1 @ 1000 mA h g - 1）的稳定循环寿命，以及在宽温度范围内（60°C时为18949 mA h g - 1, 25°C时为16111 mA h g - 1， - 40°C时为13138 mA h g - 1）具有出色的倍率能力和大放电容量。采用DRT/DCT（弛豫/特征时间分布）分析和多光谱表征来研究动力学行为，并阐明优化电化学性能的潜在机制。这项工作为在实验室中实现高效和耐用的催化剂提供了一种简单的策略。

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引用次数: 0

A multi-metric evaluation framework guides the high-throughput design of versatile flexible pressure sensors 多度量评估框架指导了多用途柔性压力传感器的高通量设计

IF 14.2 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.113327

Qian Wang, Quancai Li, Jian Zou, Hehe Ren, Ziyi Gong, Jing Liang, Wei Wu

The widespread application of flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors (FPPS) across multiple scenarios via high-throughput fabrication has been limited by an insufficient understanding of the microstructure-electrode interface and a lack of design principles for multi-parameter performance. Herein, we develop a modular hybrid manufacturing strategy that combines casting, printing and surface modification to achieve stable full-interface integration. This strategy enables the rapid fabrication of twelve sensor configurations by combining four microstructures with three interdigital electrodes (IDEs). We further establish a multidimensional evaluation framework that incorporates signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), noise power spectral density, and time-frequency analysis beyond mere sensitivity coefficient (S). This approach directly visualized, for the first time, the performance variations across configurations under dynamic pressure and quantified the inherent trade-offs among sensitivity, linearity, and noise. The optimal configuration was determined to be a combination of a rhombic pyramid microstructure and an IDE-Type-1 (RP-1-FPPS), achieving a wide sensing range of 0–260 kPa, a S of 14.368 kPa⁻¹ in sensing range of 0–30 kPa, 2.636 kPa⁻¹ in sensing range of 30–200 kPa, low 1/f noise, and an SNR exceeding 45 dB. It exhibited reliably in diverse applications, including pulse monitoring, industrial equipment condition monitoring, and machine-learning-driven robotic grasp recognition. This study proposes a strategy for developing cost-effective, high-performance FPPS, which provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between structure and performance and lays the foundation for reliable multi-scenario applications.

柔性压阻压力传感器（FPPS）通过高通量制造在多种场景中的广泛应用受到对微结构-电极界面理解不足和缺乏多参数性能设计原则的限制。在此，我们开发了一种模块化混合制造策略，将铸造、打印和表面改性相结合，以实现稳定的全界面集成。该策略通过将四个微结构与三个数字间电极（ide）相结合，实现了十二个传感器配置的快速制造。我们进一步建立了一个多维评估框架，包括信噪比（SNR）、噪声功率谱密度和时频分析，而不仅仅是灵敏度系数(S)。这种方法首次直接可视化了动态压力下不同配置的性能变化，并量化了灵敏度、线性度和噪声之间的内在权衡。优化后的结构为菱形金字塔微结构与1型滤波器（RP-1-FPPS）相结合，可实现0 ~ 260 kPa的宽传感范围，0 ~ 30 kPa的S值为14.368 kPa−1,30 ~ 200 kPa的S值为2.636 kPa−1,1/f噪声低，信噪比超过45 dB。它在各种应用中表现可靠，包括脉冲监测，工业设备状态监测和机器学习驱动的机器人抓取识别。本研究提出了一种开发低成本、高性能FPPS的策略，为结构与性能之间的关系提供了更深入的理解，为可靠的多场景应用奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0