Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112241
Yu Sun , Xiyue Zhang , Kai Yuan , Jie Lou , Jinlong Yu , Han Yu , Wenhui Wang , Xiaonong Zhang
In the frontier of clinical translation of biodegradable magnesium (Mg), most researchers have found cavities between bone tissue and Mg-based implants. Nevertheless, the biochemical origin driving the formation of these cavities remains unknown. Here we propose that the cavities are formed as a consequence of bone resorption induced by macrophage-mediated uptake of insoluble particles produced by magnesium degradation. To verify this possibility, we collected insoluble degradation particles (DPs) of high-purity magnesium (HP–Mg) and investigated their influences on the osteoclast formation, polarization, and osteoclast bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. It was demonstrated that DPs could induce bone resorption. The DPs promoted the activation of both nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and upregulated the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins. These results confirm that the presence of DPs could induce bone resorption both in vitro and in vivo, providing a possible mechanism for forming cavities around Mg-based implants.
{"title":"Particles generated from degrading magnesium implants induce bone resorption","authors":"Yu Sun , Xiyue Zhang , Kai Yuan , Jie Lou , Jinlong Yu , Han Yu , Wenhui Wang , Xiaonong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the frontier of clinical translation of biodegradable magnesium (Mg), most researchers have found cavities between bone tissue and Mg-based implants. Nevertheless, the biochemical origin driving the formation of these cavities remains unknown. Here we propose that the cavities are formed as a consequence of bone resorption induced by macrophage-mediated uptake of insoluble particles produced by magnesium degradation. To verify this possibility, we collected insoluble degradation particles (DPs) of high-purity magnesium (HP–Mg) and investigated their influences on the osteoclast formation, polarization, and osteoclast bone resorption <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. It was demonstrated that DPs could induce bone resorption. The DPs promoted the activation of both nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and upregulated the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins. These results confirm that the presence of DPs could induce bone resorption both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>, providing a possible mechanism for forming cavities around Mg-based implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112241"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112259
Michael J. Chauby , Stephanie L. Vivod , Sadeq Malakooti , Giuseppe R. Palmese
Carbon aerogels have found applications in energy storage, adsorbents, and as thermal insulators due to their high electrical conductivity, chemical resistance, and the ability to withstand extreme temperatures before degradation. Furan-based polybenzoxazines have been reported to have high char yields, while exhibiting excellent polymer properties including near zero volume shrinkage during cure and high glass transition temperature making them interesting candidates as the precursor network to carbon aerogels. In this study, carbon aerogels were fabricated from a 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol furan-based benzoxazine (Bz-FA-H) and a bisphenol A furan-based benzoxazine (Bz-FA-BPA). The impact of monomer concentration on physical properties was assessed providing a framework for the fabrication of carbon aerogels from these precursors. A post cure thermal aging step was found to increase char yield of the precursor network and also increase surface area of the carbon aerogels fabricated. Furthermore, evolved gas analysis was utilized to understand the impact that the physical aerogel structure had on the carbonization reaction both before and after this post cure step. Finally, the carbon aerogels were assessed for their mechanical properties and thermal protection capabilities. The carbon aerogel from Poly(Bz-FA-H) precursor had increased surface area (>500 m2 g−1) and thermal protection capabilities, while the Poly(Bz-FA-BPA) precursor had increased Young's modulus (221 MPa) developing an understanding that the material properties can be tailored through chemistry.
{"title":"Carbon aerogels from furan-based polybenzoxazine precursors","authors":"Michael J. Chauby , Stephanie L. Vivod , Sadeq Malakooti , Giuseppe R. Palmese","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon aerogels have found applications in energy storage, adsorbents, and as thermal insulators due to their high electrical conductivity, chemical resistance, and the ability to withstand extreme temperatures before degradation. Furan-based polybenzoxazines have been reported to have high char yields, while exhibiting excellent polymer properties including near zero volume shrinkage during cure and high glass transition temperature making them interesting candidates as the precursor network to carbon aerogels. In this study, carbon aerogels were fabricated from a 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol furan-based benzoxazine (Bz-FA-H) and a bisphenol A furan-based benzoxazine (Bz-FA-BPA). The impact of monomer concentration on physical properties was assessed providing a framework for the fabrication of carbon aerogels from these precursors. A post cure thermal aging step was found to increase char yield of the precursor network and also increase surface area of the carbon aerogels fabricated. Furthermore, evolved gas analysis was utilized to understand the impact that the physical aerogel structure had on the carbonization reaction both before and after this post cure step. Finally, the carbon aerogels were assessed for their mechanical properties and thermal protection capabilities. The carbon aerogel from Poly(Bz-FA-H) precursor had increased surface area (>500 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) and thermal protection capabilities, while the Poly(Bz-FA-BPA) precursor had increased Young's modulus (221 MPa) developing an understanding that the material properties can be tailored through chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 112259"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, silicon has garnered attention as an anode material for air batteries due to its high energy density. However, a major challenge lies in the self-corrosion of the silicon anode during discharge, leading to inefficient silicon consumption. In this study, electronic conductive metal-organic frameworks, including partially crystalline Co3(HITP)2-1 and crystalline Co3(HITP)2-2 powders, were synthesized using a hydrothermal method to ameliorate anodes for silicon-air batteries for the first time. Notably, the Si@Co3(HITP)2-1 composite anode demonstrated the longest discharge duration of 476 h at 150 μA, outperforming all other samples. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that Co3(HITP)2 reduces the composite anode's adsorption capacity for H₂O and SiO2, enhancing its self-corrosion reactions and passivation resistance. Compared with pristine silicon, the Si@Co3(HITP)2-1 composite anode extended the discharge time by approximately 18 h even at 50 °C. This pioneering research highlights the potential of an electronic conductive metal-organic framework in enhancing anode stability and extending battery life.
{"title":"Partially crystalline Co3(HITP)2 modified Si anode endowing Si-air batteries with long discharge duration at high temperatures","authors":"Fengjun Deng, Ze Liu, Yuhang Zhang, Kaiyong Feng, Xiaochen Zhang, Yingjian Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, silicon has garnered attention as an anode material for air batteries due to its high energy density. However, a major challenge lies in the self-corrosion of the silicon anode during discharge, leading to inefficient silicon consumption. In this study, electronic conductive metal-organic frameworks, including partially crystalline Co<sub>3</sub>(HITP)<sub>2</sub>-1 and crystalline Co<sub>3</sub>(HITP)<sub>2</sub>-2 powders, were synthesized using a hydrothermal method to ameliorate anodes for silicon-air batteries for the first time. Notably, the Si@Co<sub>3</sub>(HITP)<sub>2</sub>-1 composite anode demonstrated the longest discharge duration of 476 h at 150 μA, outperforming all other samples. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that Co<sub>3</sub>(HITP)<sub>2</sub> reduces the composite anode's adsorption capacity for H₂O and SiO<sub>2</sub>, enhancing its self-corrosion reactions and passivation resistance. Compared with pristine silicon, the Si@Co<sub>3</sub>(HITP)<sub>2</sub>-1 composite anode extended the discharge time by approximately 18 h even at 50 °C. This pioneering research highlights the potential of an electronic conductive metal-organic framework in enhancing anode stability and extending battery life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112270"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112244
Peng Peng , Jiang Ju , Ting Feng , Tao Yang , Bo Xiao , Junhua Luan , Yufei Wang , Haiyan Gao , Haiyang Lv , Jun Wang , Baode Sun
A novel Al-9.5Ce-0.6Mg/0.7GNPs (wt. %) composite with a network co-continuous Al/(Al, Mg)11Ce3 eutectic structure was fabricated using laser powder bed fusion. Mg mainly exists in the Al11Ce3 phase rather than the Al matrix. The as-built composite achieved superior ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ∼452 ± 3 MPa and an elongation of ∼5.6 ± 0.3 %. Heat treatment enhanced elongation (13.2 ± 0.3 %) while maintaining high UTS (406 ± 6 MPa), ∼4 and ∼5 times higher than as-cast Al–Ce alloy, respectively. High strength is ascribed to grain refinement, Orowan strengthening, and load transfer strengthening. The breakage of the (Al, Mg)11Ce3 network was key to obtaining excellent ductility. The HT composite exhibits excellent corrosion resistance that is an order of magnitude higher than that of as-cast Al–Ce alloy in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution, Additionally, the galvanic corrosion between α-Al and (Al, Mg)11Ce3 as well as the preferred corrosion of the melt pool boundary (MPB) was inhibited. This work provides a new idea for developing high strength-ductility synergy and corrosion resistance via additive manufacturing (AM) processing technique.
{"title":"Unraveling the corrosion behavior and enhanced strength-ductility synergy mechanism of a novel Al–Ce/GNPs composite fabricated by selective laser melting","authors":"Peng Peng , Jiang Ju , Ting Feng , Tao Yang , Bo Xiao , Junhua Luan , Yufei Wang , Haiyan Gao , Haiyang Lv , Jun Wang , Baode Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel Al-9.5Ce-0.6Mg/0.7GNPs (wt. %) composite with a network co-continuous Al/(Al, Mg)<sub>11</sub>Ce<sub>3</sub> eutectic structure was fabricated using laser powder bed fusion. Mg mainly exists in the Al<sub>11</sub>Ce<sub>3</sub> phase rather than the Al matrix. The as-built composite achieved superior ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ∼452 ± 3 MPa and an elongation of ∼5.6 ± 0.3 %. Heat treatment enhanced elongation (13.2 ± 0.3 %) while maintaining high UTS (406 ± 6 MPa), ∼4 and ∼5 times higher than as-cast Al–Ce alloy, respectively. High strength is ascribed to grain refinement, Orowan strengthening, and load transfer strengthening. The breakage of the (Al, Mg)<sub>11</sub>Ce<sub>3</sub> network was key to obtaining excellent ductility. The HT composite exhibits excellent corrosion resistance that is an order of magnitude higher than that of as-cast Al–Ce alloy in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution, Additionally, the galvanic corrosion between α-Al and (Al, Mg)<sub>11</sub>Ce<sub>3</sub> as well as the preferred corrosion of the melt pool boundary (MPB) was inhibited. This work provides a new idea for developing high strength-ductility synergy and corrosion resistance via additive manufacturing (AM) processing technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112244"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112237
Onkar Jaywant Kewate , Iftikhar Hussain , Megha Prajapati , Rita Kumari , Yosephine Intan Ayuningtyas , Dattakumar S. Mhamane , Mukund G. Mali , Mohan V. Jacob , Jeng-Yu Lin , Chhaya Ravi Kant , Sathyanarayanan Punniyakoti
2D MXenes have received significant attention due to their remarkable properties, including superior electrical conductivity, chemical stability, tunable surface chemistry, structural flexibility, and excellent thermal and magnetic characteristics, making them highly suitable for supercapacitors. Since their discovery in 2011, M3X2 MXenes have been widely studied, while M2X MXenes, despite their equally impressive properties, have been comparatively less explored. M2X MXenes offer promising potential for a wide range of applications, particularly in energy storage systems like supercapacitors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current energy storage crisis and the increasing demand for advanced materials. It introduces the fundamentals of MXenes, with a detailed focus on M2X MXenes, and explains their structure, properties, and various synthesis methods. The review also highlights the application of M2X MXenes in supercapacitors and also provided a detailed discussion of their advantages and challenges. In conclusion, the article outlines the key challenges and future directions in the field, aiming to serve as a valuable guide for MXene research and supercapacitor development.
{"title":"Unveiling the potential of M2X MXenes: Structure, properties, synthesis strategies, and supercapacitor applications","authors":"Onkar Jaywant Kewate , Iftikhar Hussain , Megha Prajapati , Rita Kumari , Yosephine Intan Ayuningtyas , Dattakumar S. Mhamane , Mukund G. Mali , Mohan V. Jacob , Jeng-Yu Lin , Chhaya Ravi Kant , Sathyanarayanan Punniyakoti","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2D MXenes have received significant attention due to their remarkable properties, including superior electrical conductivity, chemical stability, tunable surface chemistry, structural flexibility, and excellent thermal and magnetic characteristics, making them highly suitable for supercapacitors. Since their discovery in 2011, M<sub>3</sub>X<sub>2</sub> MXenes have been widely studied, while M<sub>2</sub>X MXenes, despite their equally impressive properties, have been comparatively less explored. M<sub>2</sub>X MXenes offer promising potential for a wide range of applications, particularly in energy storage systems like supercapacitors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current energy storage crisis and the increasing demand for advanced materials. It introduces the fundamentals of MXenes, with a detailed focus on M<sub>2</sub>X MXenes, and explains their structure, properties, and various synthesis methods. The review also highlights the application of M<sub>2</sub>X MXenes in supercapacitors and also provided a detailed discussion of their advantages and challenges. In conclusion, the article outlines the key challenges and future directions in the field, aiming to serve as a valuable guide for MXene research and supercapacitor development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112237"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112249
David Asmat-Campos , Meliza Lindsay Rojas , Alberto Claudio Miano , Melina L.M. Cruzado-Bravo , Diego Batista Menezes , Reinaldo Pereira , Gabriela Montes de Oca-Vásquez
In this study, silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using phenolic compound-rich extracts from agro-industrial by-products of blueberries and asparagus. The NPs exhibited average sizes of 3.07 ± 2.38 nm (Ag), 70.42 ± 18 nm (ZnO), and 104.38 ± 11.7 nm (SiO₂) with high colloidal stability (Z potentials: −35.63 mV for Ag, −33.9 mV for ZnO, and −10 mV for SiO₂). Bioplastics functionalized with these NPs showed improved properties: increased rigidity (Young's modulus up to 2690 MPa in B–SiO₂), reduced water absorption (160.64 g/100 g dry matter in B–Ag), high transparency (87.87 % in B-Control, 87.83 % in B–ZnO), and lower wettability (contact angle of 102.4° in B–ZnO). Thermal stability also improved, with B–SiO₂ exhibiting the lowest mass loss (31.12 %) in TGA. Bioplastics with Ag demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity, maintaining low mold and yeast counts (<10 CFU/g). Biodegradation was faster in soil than in marine environments, with NPs modulating rates. As primary and secondary packaging for blueberries, Ag-functionalized bioplastics reduced mass loss and preserved firmness for up to 56 days at 4.3 °C, with no NP migration detected by XRF and FTIR. This research highlights a sustainable approach using agro-industrial by-products to develop functional bioplastics, aligning with circular economy principles and reducing environmental impact in the food packaging sector.
{"title":"Biosynthesized metal nanoparticles from agro-industrial byproducts applied in the functionalization of bioplastics for use in the blueberry packaging","authors":"David Asmat-Campos , Meliza Lindsay Rojas , Alberto Claudio Miano , Melina L.M. Cruzado-Bravo , Diego Batista Menezes , Reinaldo Pereira , Gabriela Montes de Oca-Vásquez","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using phenolic compound-rich extracts from agro-industrial by-products of blueberries and asparagus. The NPs exhibited average sizes of 3.07 ± 2.38 nm (Ag), 70.42 ± 18 nm (ZnO), and 104.38 ± 11.7 nm (SiO₂) with high colloidal stability (Z potentials: −35.63 mV for Ag, −33.9 mV for ZnO, and −10 mV for SiO₂). Bioplastics functionalized with these NPs showed improved properties: increased rigidity (Young's modulus up to 2690 MPa in B–SiO₂), reduced water absorption (160.64 g/100 g dry matter in B–Ag), high transparency (87.87 % in B-Control, 87.83 % in B–ZnO), and lower wettability (contact angle of 102.4° in B–ZnO). Thermal stability also improved, with B–SiO₂ exhibiting the lowest mass loss (31.12 %) in TGA. Bioplastics with Ag demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity, maintaining low mold and yeast counts (<10 CFU/g). Biodegradation was faster in soil than in marine environments, with NPs modulating rates. As primary and secondary packaging for blueberries, Ag-functionalized bioplastics reduced mass loss and preserved firmness for up to 56 days at 4.3 °C, with no NP migration detected by XRF and FTIR. This research highlights a sustainable approach using agro-industrial by-products to develop functional bioplastics, aligning with circular economy principles and reducing environmental impact in the food packaging sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112249"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112253
Seungoh Jung , Junsik Bang , Jungkyu Kim , Hyoseung Lim , Seojin Kim , In-Gyu Choi , Hyo Won Kwak
Natural fiber–reinforced plastics (NFRPs) are gaining attention due to increasing concerns about environmental pollution and energy efficiency. However, low-dimensional stability due to the high water absorption of natural fibers and poor interfacial bonding between natural fibers and the polymer matrix limit their use of NFRPs. In this study, nano/micro hierarchical structures and surface plasma treatment were introduced into NFRPs with a layer-by-layer (LbL) structure to address these drawbacks. A fibrous preform combining lyocell fiber (LF) and cellulose nanofibril (CNF) was fabricated, where CNF enhanced mechanical strength and moisture stability. Biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS) and the preform were hot pressed to fabricate LbL-structured PBS-LF/CNF NFRPs. The interfacial compatibility between PBS and the fibrous preforms was improved by hydrophilic plasma treatment of the PBS surface, and an increase in the moisture stability and tensile strength of the NFRP was observed. Ultimately, the NFRP with the CNF binder and hydrophilic plasma treatment showed improved mechanical properties, with a modulus of 980 %, tensile strength of 430 %, and toughness of 270 %, compared with neat PBS. In addition, PBS-LF/CNF NFRP biodegraded in a compost environment. These results suggest that PBS-LF/CNF NFRP can be used as a sustainable composite material in versatile industrial fields.
{"title":"Hierarchical interfacial engineering of lyocell fiber/polybutylene succinate composites for robust biodegradable natural fiber–reinforced plastics","authors":"Seungoh Jung , Junsik Bang , Jungkyu Kim , Hyoseung Lim , Seojin Kim , In-Gyu Choi , Hyo Won Kwak","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural fiber–reinforced plastics (NFRPs) are gaining attention due to increasing concerns about environmental pollution and energy efficiency. However, low-dimensional stability due to the high water absorption of natural fibers and poor interfacial bonding between natural fibers and the polymer matrix limit their use of NFRPs. In this study, nano/micro hierarchical structures and surface plasma treatment were introduced into NFRPs with a layer-by-layer (LbL) structure to address these drawbacks. A fibrous preform combining lyocell fiber (LF) and cellulose nanofibril (CNF) was fabricated, where CNF enhanced mechanical strength and moisture stability. Biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS) and the preform were hot pressed to fabricate LbL-structured PBS-LF/CNF NFRPs. The interfacial compatibility between PBS and the fibrous preforms was improved by hydrophilic plasma treatment of the PBS surface, and an increase in the moisture stability and tensile strength of the NFRP was observed. Ultimately, the NFRP with the CNF binder and hydrophilic plasma treatment showed improved mechanical properties, with a modulus of 980 %, tensile strength of 430 %, and toughness of 270 %, compared with neat PBS. In addition, PBS-LF/CNF NFRP biodegraded in a compost environment. These results suggest that PBS-LF/CNF NFRP can be used as a sustainable composite material in versatile industrial fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112253"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112232
Yağız Özbek , Abdulrahman Al-Nadhari , Volkan Eskizeybek , Mehmet Yıldız , Hatice Sinem Şaş
The flexibility and precision of automated fiber placement (AFP) have made it a standard methodology in the aviation industry. However, the use of continuous slit tapes along component lengths generates significant waste. This waste presents an opportunity for recycling into secondary load-bearing structures, particularly in applications where components are not subjected to extreme working conditions. In this study, carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) strands are recycled into randomly oriented strand (ROS) panels using a cost-effective, vacuum-assisted hot press process while maintaining aerospace-quality standards. Both long and short strand lengths, as well as shredded strands mimicking real-life industrial waste, are analyzed for their mechanical performance and geometric stability. Mechanical properties of the recycled CF/PEKK composites are evaluated through tensile, shear, compression, Izod impact, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), using digital image correlation (DIC) for precise measurements. Additionally, topological 3D scanning is used to assess the geometric stability of the panels. Results indicate that short strands offer superior mechanical properties, while shredded strands perform comparably. This study makes a unique contribution by demonstrating the effective recycling of slit tape waste into high-performance composite materials, advancing sustainable practices in aerospace applications.
{"title":"Influence of strand size and morphology on the mechanical performance of recycled CF/PEKK composites: Harnessing waste for aerospace secondary load-bearing applications","authors":"Yağız Özbek , Abdulrahman Al-Nadhari , Volkan Eskizeybek , Mehmet Yıldız , Hatice Sinem Şaş","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flexibility and precision of automated fiber placement (AFP) have made it a standard methodology in the aviation industry. However, the use of continuous slit tapes along component lengths generates significant waste. This waste presents an opportunity for recycling into secondary load-bearing structures, particularly in applications where components are not subjected to extreme working conditions. In this study, carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) strands are recycled into randomly oriented strand (ROS) panels using a cost-effective, vacuum-assisted hot press process while maintaining aerospace-quality standards. Both long and short strand lengths, as well as shredded strands mimicking real-life industrial waste, are analyzed for their mechanical performance and geometric stability. Mechanical properties of the recycled CF/PEKK composites are evaluated through tensile, shear, compression, Izod impact, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), using digital image correlation (DIC) for precise measurements. Additionally, topological 3D scanning is used to assess the geometric stability of the panels. Results indicate that short strands offer superior mechanical properties, while shredded strands perform comparably. This study makes a unique contribution by demonstrating the effective recycling of slit tape waste into high-performance composite materials, advancing sustainable practices in aerospace applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112232"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112225
Tingting Zhang , Jin He , Ning Xu , Wang Yin , Dongli Liu , Chang Liu , Meidong Lang
During the service life of thermoset matrix fiber-reinforced polymer composites, they are susceptible to structural damage such as delamination after low-velocity impacts, thereby affecting their mechanical properties and structural integrity. Therefore, this paper adjusted the properties of polydicyclopentadiene matrix through copolymerization and incorporation of elastomers to obtain modified polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber composites with improved interlaminar fracture toughness and impact resistance without significantly sacrificing rigidity. The results indicated that compared to polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber, the GⅠ,R increased from 2.61 kJ/m2 to 4.33 kJ/m2 and the GⅡC increased from 3.04 kJ/m2 to 4.07 kJ/m2 by incorporating 10 wt% cyclooctadiene and 2 phr styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene. The energy dissipation mechanisms leading to these improvements included matrix ductile fracture, shear yielding, particle crack bridging, particle fracture, and particle debonding. Additionally, compared to polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber, the damage area decreased under drop weight impact by incorporating styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene. Moreover, compared with epoxy/glass fiber composites, modified polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber composites demonstrated superior interlaminar fracture toughness and impact resistance. The interlaminar fracture toughness of modified polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber was comparable to that of thermoplastic matrix composites. This study provided a significant method for enhancing the interlaminar toughness and impact resistance of polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber composites by adjusting the matrix toughness.
{"title":"Glass fiber-reinforced modified PDCPD composites with improving mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness and impact resistance: Effects of matrix properties","authors":"Tingting Zhang , Jin He , Ning Xu , Wang Yin , Dongli Liu , Chang Liu , Meidong Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the service life of thermoset matrix fiber-reinforced polymer composites, they are susceptible to structural damage such as delamination after low-velocity impacts, thereby affecting their mechanical properties and structural integrity. Therefore, this paper adjusted the properties of polydicyclopentadiene matrix through copolymerization and incorporation of elastomers to obtain modified polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber composites with improved interlaminar fracture toughness and impact resistance without significantly sacrificing rigidity. The results indicated that compared to polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber, the G<sub>Ⅰ,R</sub> increased from 2.61 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> to 4.33 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> and the G<sub>ⅡC</sub> increased from 3.04 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> to 4.07 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> by incorporating 10 wt% cyclooctadiene and 2 phr styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene. The energy dissipation mechanisms leading to these improvements included matrix ductile fracture, shear yielding, particle crack bridging, particle fracture, and particle debonding. Additionally, compared to polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber, the damage area decreased under drop weight impact by incorporating styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene. Moreover, compared with epoxy/glass fiber composites, modified polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber composites demonstrated superior interlaminar fracture toughness and impact resistance. The interlaminar fracture toughness of modified polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber was comparable to that of thermoplastic matrix composites. This study provided a significant method for enhancing the interlaminar toughness and impact resistance of polydicyclopentadiene/glass fiber composites by adjusting the matrix toughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112225"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112264
C.B.G. Brito, J. Teuwen, C.A. Dransfeld, I.F. Villegas
Our aim with this work was to evaluate how the thermoplastic resin used in the composite adherends and on the energy director affected the static ultrasonic welding process in both parallel and misaligned configurations. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and low-melt polyaryletherketone (LMPAEK) were the resins used and their thermomechanical properties were characterized via dynamic-mechanical analysis and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. With parallel adherends, neither the welding time nor the through-thickness heating in the adherends vary significantly. This similarity was attributed to a larger heat capacity of the PEEK energy director counterbalancing its higher viscoelastic heating rate. With misaligned adherends, the welding time was larger for PEEK welds than for LMPAEK welds and LMPAEK adherends presented a larger though-thickness heating. These effects were attributed to the larger bulk viscoelastic heating rate of carbon fibre reinforced/LMPAEK adherends adding up to the lower heat capacity of LMPAEK.
{"title":"Ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composites: A comparison between polyetheretherketone and low-melt polyaryletherketone as resin in the adherends and energy directors","authors":"C.B.G. Brito, J. Teuwen, C.A. Dransfeld, I.F. Villegas","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our aim with this work was to evaluate how the thermoplastic resin used in the composite adherends and on the energy director affected the static ultrasonic welding process in both parallel and misaligned configurations. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and low-melt polyaryletherketone (LMPAEK) were the resins used and their thermomechanical properties were characterized via dynamic-mechanical analysis and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. With parallel adherends, neither the welding time nor the through-thickness heating in the adherends vary significantly. This similarity was attributed to a larger heat capacity of the PEEK energy director counterbalancing its higher viscoelastic heating rate. With misaligned adherends, the welding time was larger for PEEK welds than for LMPAEK welds and LMPAEK adherends presented a larger though-thickness heating. These effects were attributed to the larger bulk viscoelastic heating rate of carbon fibre reinforced/LMPAEK adherends adding up to the lower heat capacity of LMPAEK.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 112264"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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