Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111871
Shuai Cui , Fangyuan Sun , Dazheng Wang , Xing Zhang , Hailong Zhang , Yanhui Feng
In this work, we have synthesized a copper/boron carbide/diamond composite structure via magnetron sputtering. Surface roughness of the diamond layers was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) between copper and diamond was experimentally measured by the Time-domain Thmoreflectance (TDTR) technique. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of the <010> crystal plane thickness of boron carbide and interface roughness on the ITC. The results indicate a significant increase in ITC with the incorporation of a <010>-oriented boron carbide interlayer. The ITC initially rose and then fell as the boron carbide layer thickness increased, reaching a maximum of 286.52 MW m−2 K−1 for a three-layer (approximately 2 nm) interlayer, which is 14.1 times higher than that of the unmodified interface. Additionally, by creating a three-dimensional sinusoidal rough interface, we observed that increasing interface roughness can further enhance heat transfer efficiency up to a certain threshold, beyond which a saturation in phonon heat conduction is anticipated. The simulation outcomes are in good agreement with the experimental data, confirming the reliability of our findings.
{"title":"Enhancing interfacial heat conduction in diamond-reinforced copper composites with boron carbide interlayers for thermal management","authors":"Shuai Cui , Fangyuan Sun , Dazheng Wang , Xing Zhang , Hailong Zhang , Yanhui Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we have synthesized a copper/boron carbide/diamond composite structure via magnetron sputtering. Surface roughness of the diamond layers was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) between copper and diamond was experimentally measured by the Time-domain Thmoreflectance (TDTR) technique. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of the <010> crystal plane thickness of boron carbide and interface roughness on the ITC. The results indicate a significant increase in ITC with the incorporation of a <010>-oriented boron carbide interlayer. The ITC initially rose and then fell as the boron carbide layer thickness increased, reaching a maximum of 286.52 MW m<sup>−2</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> for a three-layer (approximately 2 nm) interlayer, which is 14.1 times higher than that of the unmodified interface. Additionally, by creating a three-dimensional sinusoidal rough interface, we observed that increasing interface roughness can further enhance heat transfer efficiency up to a certain threshold, beyond which a saturation in phonon heat conduction is anticipated. The simulation outcomes are in good agreement with the experimental data, confirming the reliability of our findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 111871"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111874
Shanzhe Li , Wei Tang , Lijun Qian , Jingyu Wang , Xiao Wu , Yong Qiu , Wang Xi
To meet the stringent requirements of specific high-end manufacturing applications involving flame retardant polypropylene (PP) materials, it's imperative to overcome the inherent superhydrophilicity of intumescent flame retardants (IFR) while simultaneously further enhancing flame retardant efficiency. In addressing this challenge, novel in-situ cemented MVC-IFR microparticles characterized by a microparticle-aggregation effect and hydrophobic structure were successfully synthesized. The micro-aggregated MVC-IFR particles not only bolstered the hydrophobicity and charring flame retardancy of PP composites compared to conventional IFR but also exhibited superior resistance to water erosion. The water contact angle (WCA) of 3MVC-22IFR reached an impressive 159°, whereas the WCA of IFR stood at 0°. Moreover, when MVC-IFR and IFR were incorporated into PP, 3MVC-22IFR/PP displayed a WCA of 108° which was a hydrophobic composite, while 25IFR/PP exhibited a WCA of 81° which was a hydrophilic composite. Notably, the hydrophobic MVC-IFR showcased greater resistance to water exposure than hydrophilic IFR, thereby maintaining its flame retardant efficacy in practical applications. Furthermore, MVC-IFR microparticles with aggregation of acid, carbon, and gas sources, facilitated the charring reactions of different components, thereby enhancing its charring flame retardant effect in PP. Remarkably, 1MVC-24/PP not only attained a UL 94V-0 rating but also achieved a glow wire flammability index (GWFI) of >960 °C, a glow wire ignition temperature (GWIT) of 850 °C, and an LOI value of 28.7 %. In contrast, 25IFR/PP failed to secure a UL 94 rating and exhibited lower GWIT and LOI values. Crucially, the peak heat release rate and total smoke release of 1MVC-24IFR/PP were markedly reduced by 76 % and 41 %, respectively, compared with those of neat PP. In summary, this study presented a novel design concept and rules for flame retardant morphology, to find a way for the development of polyolefin materials boasting both high hydrophobicity and superior flame retardancy.
{"title":"In-suit cemented strategy enables intumescent flame retardant transition from hyper-hydrophilic to hydrophobic and aggregation flame retardant effect simultaneously in polypropylene","authors":"Shanzhe Li , Wei Tang , Lijun Qian , Jingyu Wang , Xiao Wu , Yong Qiu , Wang Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet the stringent requirements of specific high-end manufacturing applications involving flame retardant polypropylene (PP) materials, it's imperative to overcome the inherent superhydrophilicity of intumescent flame retardants (IFR) while simultaneously further enhancing flame retardant efficiency. In addressing this challenge, novel in-situ cemented MVC-IFR microparticles characterized by a microparticle-aggregation effect and hydrophobic structure were successfully synthesized. The micro-aggregated MVC-IFR particles not only bolstered the hydrophobicity and charring flame retardancy of PP composites compared to conventional IFR but also exhibited superior resistance to water erosion. The water contact angle (WCA) of 3MVC-22IFR reached an impressive 159°, whereas the WCA of IFR stood at 0°. Moreover, when MVC-IFR and IFR were incorporated into PP, 3MVC-22IFR/PP displayed a WCA of 108° which was a hydrophobic composite, while 25IFR/PP exhibited a WCA of 81° which was a hydrophilic composite. Notably, the hydrophobic MVC-IFR showcased greater resistance to water exposure than hydrophilic IFR, thereby maintaining its flame retardant efficacy in practical applications. Furthermore, MVC-IFR microparticles with aggregation of acid, carbon, and gas sources, facilitated the charring reactions of different components, thereby enhancing its charring flame retardant effect in PP. Remarkably, 1MVC-24/PP not only attained a UL 94V-0 rating but also achieved a glow wire flammability index (GWFI) of >960 °C, a glow wire ignition temperature (GWIT) of 850 °C, and an LOI value of 28.7 %. In contrast, 25IFR/PP failed to secure a UL 94 rating and exhibited lower GWIT and LOI values. Crucially, the peak heat release rate and total smoke release of 1MVC-24IFR/PP were markedly reduced by 76 % and 41 %, respectively, compared with those of neat PP. In summary, this study presented a novel design concept and rules for flame retardant morphology, to find a way for the development of polyolefin materials boasting both high hydrophobicity and superior flame retardancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 111874"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111869
Lu-Lu Yuan , Han-Min Wang , Yu-Chun Wu , Qing-Xi Hou , Run-Cang Sun
Biobased materials are increasingly gaining prominence in the field of advanced ecofriendly materials, and biomass-derived functional composites are exhibiting immense promise due to their superior manufacturability, flexibility, and eco-efficiency. In recent years, many enlightening and remarkable works and multiple emerging functional composites have been achieved from lignin polymer. Lignin-derived functional composites (LFCs) can be tailored into diverse favorable blocks across multiple domains. Here, we review the state-of-the-art advances in the development and application of lignin-based advanced functional composites in several rising fields. The macromolecular structure and intrinsic properties of lignin are firstly elaborated in terms of versatile material fabrication. We then categorize the manufacturing strategies of lignin-derived building blocks for 3D printing, nanomaterials, hydrogels, biodegradable composites and electrochemical materials. In particular, their applications in environment, biomedicine, sensor, functional packaging, and energy storage are highlighted. Finally, we shed light on the bottlenecks and challenges of LFCs, and some potential opportunities and future prospects for novel biobased materials are discussed. We anticipate harnessing the potential of lignin-derived materials by leveraging green chemistry and viable technologies to facilitate biobased material development.
{"title":"The booming lignin-derived functional composites/nanocomposites","authors":"Lu-Lu Yuan , Han-Min Wang , Yu-Chun Wu , Qing-Xi Hou , Run-Cang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biobased materials are increasingly gaining prominence in the field of advanced ecofriendly materials, and biomass-derived functional composites are exhibiting immense promise due to their superior manufacturability, flexibility, and eco-efficiency. In recent years, many enlightening and remarkable works and multiple emerging functional composites have been achieved from lignin polymer. Lignin-derived functional composites (LFCs) can be tailored into diverse favorable blocks across multiple domains. Here, we review the state-of-the-art advances in the development and application of lignin-based advanced functional composites in several rising fields. The macromolecular structure and intrinsic properties of lignin are firstly elaborated in terms of versatile material fabrication. We then categorize the manufacturing strategies of lignin-derived building blocks for 3D printing, nanomaterials, hydrogels, biodegradable composites and electrochemical materials. In particular, their applications in environment, biomedicine, sensor, functional packaging, and energy storage are highlighted. Finally, we shed light on the bottlenecks and challenges of LFCs, and some potential opportunities and future prospects for novel biobased materials are discussed. We anticipate harnessing the potential of lignin-derived materials by leveraging green chemistry and viable technologies to facilitate biobased material development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 111869"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111870
Ruiping Wang , Shuo Zhang , Xinrui Hu, Yang Leng, Xiaoli Li, Bin Tao, Miaojun Xu
The integration and miniaturization development of electronic devices placed the great demand for epoxy resin (EP) thermosets with excellent thermal management, flame retardancy and electrical insulation. Herein, a multifunctional additive piperazine pyrophosphate@layered double hydroxide@reduced graphene oxide (PPAP@LDH@rGO) with hierarchical core-shell structure was constructed by solvothermal and electrostatic self-assembly methods to meet the above requirements. Profiting from the distinct structure of PPAP@LDH@rGO, the thermal conductivity of EP/PPAP@LDH@rGO reached 0.951 W m−1 K−1 at 7 wt% addition (3 wt% rGO containing), which is 320.8 % increment compared to pristine EP. Meanwhile, when 4 wt% PPAP@LDH@rGO was added, the EP thermoset reached UL-94 V-0 rating during vertical burning tests with the limiting oxygen index of 29.8 % due to the synergistic effect of PPAP, LDH and rGO. The release of hazard products including smoke and carbon monoxide for EP/PPAP@LDH@rGO visibly declined during combustion. Besides, the EP thermosets also well-maintained the electrical insulation and mechanical properties. This work provided an alternative approach for preparing high performance EP thermosets which was suitable to be applied in electronics and electrical fields.
{"title":"Constructing piperazine pyrophosphate@LDH@rGO with hierarchical core-shell structure for improving thermal conductivity, flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin thermosets","authors":"Ruiping Wang , Shuo Zhang , Xinrui Hu, Yang Leng, Xiaoli Li, Bin Tao, Miaojun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration and miniaturization development of electronic devices placed the great demand for epoxy resin (EP) thermosets with excellent thermal management, flame retardancy and electrical insulation. Herein, a multifunctional additive piperazine pyrophosphate@layered double hydroxide@reduced graphene oxide (PPAP@LDH@rGO) with hierarchical core-shell structure was constructed by solvothermal and electrostatic self-assembly methods to meet the above requirements. Profiting from the distinct structure of PPAP@LDH@rGO, the thermal conductivity of EP/PPAP@LDH@rGO reached 0.951 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> at 7 wt% addition (3 wt% rGO containing), which is 320.8 % increment compared to pristine EP. Meanwhile, when 4 wt% PPAP@LDH@rGO was added, the EP thermoset reached UL-94 V-0 rating during vertical burning tests with the limiting oxygen index of 29.8 % due to the synergistic effect of PPAP, LDH and rGO. The release of hazard products including smoke and carbon monoxide for EP/PPAP@LDH@rGO visibly declined during combustion. Besides, the EP thermosets also well-maintained the electrical insulation and mechanical properties. This work provided an alternative approach for preparing high performance EP thermosets which was suitable to be applied in electronics and electrical fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 111870"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a low-density material prone to float during composite mixing and vibration. Inspired by this, a two-bacteria-capsule system was reported in this study to enhance the self-healing capacity of cracked mortar. Specifically, the BC-A capsule, containing aerobic bacteria, EPS, and superabsorbent polymer (SAP), and the BC-N capsule, containing anaerobic bacteria and SAP, are prepared through granulation using polyethylene glycol. Sulphoaluminate cement and epoxy resin are used to encapsulate the core materials. The BC-A capsules automatically float in the composite preparation process, while the BC-N capsules are distributed in the middle and bottom regions due to extrusion effect. Upon capsule rupture, the two types of bacteria are released in regions favorable for biomineralization, corresponding to the principle that oxygen concentration reduces along the crack depth. The self-healing behaviour was evaluated as well as the healing products were characterized. The results showed that the capsules cracked simultaneously with the composite and the coating effectively avoided premature release of the self-healing materials. Cementitious composites containing double capsules achieved 90 % closure of cracks with initial widths of 50–600 μm. The three-dimensional healing capacity was significantly enhanced, particularly in terms of impermeability and strength recovery ratio. The main healing products in the cracks were calcite and swollen SAP. The swollen SAP provided nucleation sites and enough water for biomineralization in the healing process.
{"title":"A novel conceptual design for self-healing of cracked cementitious composites incorporating two bacteria-based capsules","authors":"Junchen Xiang , Jingping Qiu , Yuying Song , Yingliang Zhao , Xunchang Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a low-density material prone to float during composite mixing and vibration. Inspired by this, a two-bacteria-capsule system was reported in this study to enhance the self-healing capacity of cracked mortar. Specifically, the BC-A capsule, containing aerobic bacteria, EPS, and superabsorbent polymer (SAP), and the BC-N capsule, containing anaerobic bacteria and SAP, are prepared through granulation using polyethylene glycol. Sulphoaluminate cement and epoxy resin are used to encapsulate the core materials. The BC-A capsules automatically float in the composite preparation process, while the BC-N capsules are distributed in the middle and bottom regions due to extrusion effect. Upon capsule rupture, the two types of bacteria are released in regions favorable for biomineralization, corresponding to the principle that oxygen concentration reduces along the crack depth. The self-healing behaviour was evaluated as well as the healing products were characterized. The results showed that the capsules cracked simultaneously with the composite and the coating effectively avoided premature release of the self-healing materials. Cementitious composites containing double capsules achieved 90 % closure of cracks with initial widths of 50–600 μm. The three-dimensional healing capacity was significantly enhanced, particularly in terms of impermeability and strength recovery ratio. The main healing products in the cracks were calcite and swollen SAP. The swollen SAP provided nucleation sites and enough water for biomineralization in the healing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 111872"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111868
Qi Liu , Liang Xu , Ji Zou , Jingjing Liu , Shuaihang Qiu , Wei Ji , Weimin Wang , Zhengyi Fu
Due to their huge composition space and superior performance characteristics, high entropy borides have garnered great interest in many fields, particularly where their high-temperature performances at high temperatures are critical. Herein, we first discovered that dense (Ti1/9Zr1/9Hf1/9Nb1/9Ta1/9V1/9Cr1/9Mo1/9W1/9)B2 (HEB9) ceramics prepared at 1850 °C showed an exceptionally low temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity (4.28 × 10−4 K−1), which is ∼38% of that of (Ti1/5Zr1/5Hf1/5Nb1/5Ta1/5)B2 (HEB5) and nearly an order of magnitude lower than those of previously reported ZrB2 and ZrB2-30 vol% SiC ceramics. Their mechanical, thermophysical properties at elevated temperatures were also investigated systematically. Although the thermal conductivity of HEB9 increased with elevated temperatures, it remained at a very low level (∼29 W/(m·K)) at 1273 K, nearly half that of HEB5. Interestingly, it is found that the thermal conduction of HEB9 and HEB5 was mainly contributed by electrons, suggeting their thermal conductivity could be roughly estimated from corresponding electrical conductivity values. Moreover, HEB9 exhibited a geometrically necessary dislocation density over 30 times greater than HEB5, likely contributing to its higher Vickers hardness and unique physical properties. Notably, the flexural strength of HEB9 at 1600 °C was even improved to 650.0 ± 86.3 MPa, compared to the value (559.7 ± 36.7 MPa) at room temperature without degradation, which was comparable to that of HEB5, although thermodynamic calculations indicated a lower melting point of HEB9 and grain boundary softening was occurred in HEB9 at higher temperatures. The excellent mechanical, electrical and thermophysical properties of HEB9 at elevated temperatures make it a competitive candidate for various high-temperature applications.
{"title":"Dense nine elemental high entropy diboride ceramics with unique high temperature mechanical and physical properties","authors":"Qi Liu , Liang Xu , Ji Zou , Jingjing Liu , Shuaihang Qiu , Wei Ji , Weimin Wang , Zhengyi Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to their huge composition space and superior performance characteristics, high entropy borides have garnered great interest in many fields, particularly where their high-temperature performances at high temperatures are critical. Herein, we first discovered that dense (Ti<sub>1/9</sub>Zr<sub>1/9</sub>Hf<sub>1/9</sub>Nb<sub>1/9</sub>Ta<sub>1/9</sub>V<sub>1/9</sub>Cr<sub>1/9</sub>Mo<sub>1/9</sub>W<sub>1/9</sub>)B<sub>2</sub> (HEB9) ceramics prepared at 1850 °C showed an exceptionally low temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity (4.28 × 10<sup>−4</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>), which is ∼38% of that of (Ti<sub>1/5</sub>Zr<sub>1/5</sub>Hf<sub>1/5</sub>Nb<sub>1/5</sub>Ta<sub>1/5</sub>)B<sub>2</sub> (HEB5) and nearly an order of magnitude lower than those of previously reported ZrB<sub>2</sub> and ZrB<sub>2</sub>-30 vol% SiC ceramics. Their mechanical, thermophysical properties at elevated temperatures were also investigated systematically. Although the thermal conductivity of HEB9 increased with elevated temperatures, it remained at a very low level (∼29 W/(m·K)) at 1273 K, nearly half that of HEB5. Interestingly, it is found that the thermal conduction of HEB9 and HEB5 was mainly contributed by electrons, suggeting their thermal conductivity could be roughly estimated from corresponding electrical conductivity values. Moreover, HEB9 exhibited a geometrically necessary dislocation density over 30 times greater than HEB5, likely contributing to its higher Vickers hardness and unique physical properties. Notably, the flexural strength of HEB9 at 1600 °C was even improved to 650.0 ± 86.3 MPa, compared to the value (559.7 ± 36.7 MPa) at room temperature without degradation, which was comparable to that of HEB5, although thermodynamic calculations indicated a lower melting point of HEB9 and grain boundary softening was occurred in HEB9 at higher temperatures. The excellent mechanical, electrical and thermophysical properties of HEB9 at elevated temperatures make it a competitive candidate for various high-temperature applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 111868"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111867
Sheng Wang , Kali Babu Katnam , Oğuzcan İnal , Zhenmin Zou , James Taylor , Stephan Sprenger , Prasad Potluri , Constantinos Soutis
This research investigates the static and high-cycle-fatigue behaviour and failure mechanisms of co-cured composite single-step joints with two-scale interface toughening. Resin infusion followed by out-of-autoclave curing is used to manufacture the co-cured carbon/epoxy composite single-step joints without a structural adhesive. The co-cured composite joint interface region is toughened by one of the following three routes: (a) nano-scale toughening by core-shell rubber (CSR) nanoparticles added to the resin at a concentration of 10 wt%, (b) micro-scale toughening by micro-fibre polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) veils with an areal density of 20 g/m2 included in the layup, and (c) two-scale hybrid toughening (i.e. CSR&PPS) with CSR nanoparticles (10 wt%) and PPS micro-fibre veils (20 g/m2). The static and fatigue failure behaviour of the untoughened (i.e. Baseline) and toughened joints are investigated by conducting tensile tests under quasi-static loading and different levels of cyclic loading. The fatigue tests are conducted in constant amplitude sinusoidal load control mode with a frequency of 10 Hz at a load ratio of 0. The debonded interface of the joints after tests is examined for failure mechanisms. The results show that the two-scale toughening strategy is effective in the improvement of the static strength and fatigue life of the co-cured joints. The single-scale toughening route is either adverse (by CSR nanoparticles) or less efficient (by micro-fibre PPS veils) compared to the two-scale toughening route. The nano-scale toughening mechanisms and micro-scale toughening mechanisms have a synergistic effect on improving the static and fatigue performance of co-cured joints.
{"title":"The static and fatigue failure of co-cured composite joints with two-scale interface toughening","authors":"Sheng Wang , Kali Babu Katnam , Oğuzcan İnal , Zhenmin Zou , James Taylor , Stephan Sprenger , Prasad Potluri , Constantinos Soutis","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the static and high-cycle-fatigue behaviour and failure mechanisms of co-cured composite single-step joints with two-scale interface toughening. Resin infusion followed by out-of-autoclave curing is used to manufacture the co-cured carbon/epoxy composite single-step joints without a structural adhesive. The co-cured composite joint interface region is toughened by one of the following three routes: (a) nano-scale toughening by core-shell rubber (CSR) nanoparticles added to the resin at a concentration of 10 wt%, (b) micro-scale toughening by micro-fibre polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) veils with an areal density of 20 g/m<sup>2</sup> included in the layup, and (c) two-scale hybrid toughening (<em>i.e.</em> CSR&PPS) with CSR nanoparticles (10 wt%) and PPS micro-fibre veils (20 g/m<sup>2</sup>). The static and fatigue failure behaviour of the untoughened (<em>i.e.</em> Baseline) and toughened joints are investigated by conducting tensile tests under quasi-static loading and different levels of cyclic loading. The fatigue tests are conducted in constant amplitude sinusoidal load control mode with a frequency of 10 Hz at a load ratio of 0. The debonded interface of the joints after tests is examined for failure mechanisms. The results show that the two-scale toughening strategy is effective in the improvement of the static strength and fatigue life of the co-cured joints. The single-scale toughening route is either adverse (by CSR nanoparticles) or less efficient (by micro-fibre PPS veils) compared to the two-scale toughening route. The nano-scale toughening mechanisms and micro-scale toughening mechanisms have a synergistic effect on improving the static and fatigue performance of co-cured joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 111867"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111861
Hao Wang , Wanru Wang , Jie Tao , Siqi Liu , Xunan Hou , Chaobin He
How to develop new recycled composite materials to meet the growing global demand for sustainable materials is of great interest. In this paper, by leveraging the growth of mycelium to anchor CNTs, the self-regenerative mycelium-CNTs composite materials (MCCs) are created. It demonstrates good strength (∼30 MPa), self-healing (restore ∼98 % original strength), and self-sensing properties. Finally, a human care-computer interaction device is developed to demonstrate the application of this technology. Our manufacturing process utilizes the autonomous growth of living cells grown in in vitro cultures to produce regenerable living composites that do not require harsh chemical processing and polluting exhaust emissions. The final mechanical properties are comparable to commercial polymer plastics, and their functional properties can be further tuned by introducing nanoparticles.
{"title":"Anchoring mycelium on CNTs to make strong and smart self-regenerative composite materials","authors":"Hao Wang , Wanru Wang , Jie Tao , Siqi Liu , Xunan Hou , Chaobin He","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How to develop new recycled composite materials to meet the growing global demand for sustainable materials is of great interest. In this paper, by leveraging the growth of mycelium to anchor CNTs, the self-regenerative mycelium-CNTs composite materials (MCCs) are created. It demonstrates good strength (∼30 MPa), self-healing (restore ∼98 % original strength), and self-sensing properties. Finally, a human care-computer interaction device is developed to demonstrate the application of this technology. Our manufacturing process utilizes the autonomous growth of living cells grown in in vitro cultures to produce regenerable living composites that do not require harsh chemical processing and polluting exhaust emissions. The final mechanical properties are comparable to commercial polymer plastics, and their functional properties can be further tuned by introducing nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 111861"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111865
Muneeb Ur Rahman , Faiqa Nadeem , Hina Ramzan , Fuhua Shen , Muhammad Usman , Muhammad Shahzaib , Waheed Afzal , Shengyong Liu , Hongge Tao , Zhiping Zhang , Quanguo Zhang , Nadeem Tahir
Environmental remediation and energy production are major concerns of the globe for sustainable development. Solar-driven photo nanocatalysts have shown great potential to be a suitable contender to solve these issues, however, their catalytic efficiency is the major concern which depends on the e−/h+ pair separation. The present study developed TbFe0.95Zr0.05O3/g-C3N4 heterostructure employing facile hydrothermal methods to promote e−/h+ pair separation. Though, TbFe0.95Zr0.05O3/g-C3N4 achieved the highest photo-degradation of 95.96 % for Norfloxacin (NOR) in 90 min, and 4864 μmol h−1g−1 of H2 evolution in 4 h under simulated visible-light, with 3.3, 2.8 and 2.1 times higher efficiency than pristine and doped catalysts (TbFeO3, g-C3N4 and TbFe0.95Zr0.05O3). The creation of oxygen vacancies (OVs) by Zr4+ doping at Fe3+ sites through charge compensation may increase catalytic efficiency, confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical properties through Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The catalyst works well throughout four cycles (85.19 % for NOR in the 4th cycle), demonstrating its chemical stability and cyclic potential. Thus, heterojunction and OVs synergistically enhance catalytic efficiency with higher activation in the visible solar spectrum and long e−/h+ charge separation lifetime.
{"title":"Synergy of the heterojunction and defects engineering in Zr-doped TbFeO3@g-C3N4 photo-nanocatalyst towards enhanced visible-light-driven antibiotics degradation and H2 production","authors":"Muneeb Ur Rahman , Faiqa Nadeem , Hina Ramzan , Fuhua Shen , Muhammad Usman , Muhammad Shahzaib , Waheed Afzal , Shengyong Liu , Hongge Tao , Zhiping Zhang , Quanguo Zhang , Nadeem Tahir","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental remediation and energy production are major concerns of the globe for sustainable development. Solar-driven photo nanocatalysts have shown great potential to be a suitable contender to solve these issues, however, their catalytic efficiency is the major concern which depends on the e<sup>−</sup>/h<sup>+</sup> pair separation. The present study developed TbFe<sub>0.95</sub>Zr<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> heterostructure employing facile hydrothermal methods to promote e<sup>−</sup>/h<sup>+</sup> pair separation. Though, TbFe<sub>0.95</sub>Zr<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> achieved the highest photo-degradation of 95.96 % for Norfloxacin (NOR) in 90 min, and 4864 μmol h<sup>−1</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> of H<sub>2</sub> evolution in 4 h under simulated visible-light, with 3.3, 2.8 and 2.1 times higher efficiency than pristine and doped catalysts (TbFeO<sub>3</sub>, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and TbFe<sub>0.95</sub>Zr<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). The creation of oxygen vacancies (OVs) by Zr<sup>4+</sup> doping at Fe<sup>3+</sup> sites through charge compensation may increase catalytic efficiency, confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical properties through Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The catalyst works well throughout four cycles (85.19 % for NOR in the 4<sup>th</sup> cycle), demonstrating its chemical stability and cyclic potential. Thus, heterojunction and OVs synergistically enhance catalytic efficiency with higher activation in the visible solar spectrum and long e<sup>−</sup>/h<sup>+</sup> charge separation lifetime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 111865"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111863
P. Komninos , A.E.C. Verraest , N. Eleftheroglou , D. Zarouchas
In recent years, prognostics gained attention in various industries by optimizing maintenance, boosting operational efficiency, and preventing costly downtime. Central to prognostics is the Remaining Useful Life (RUL), representing the critical time before system failure. Deep learning advancements facilitate RUL forecasting by extracting features from diverse data formats such as time series, images, or sequences thereof, in one, two, or three dimensions, respectively. Yet, predicting RUL from image sequences often relies heavily on resource-intensive techniques like digital image correlation, complicating data acquisition. To address challenges with high-dimensional data and unreliable models, this study introduces ISTRUST, an innovative Transformer-based architecture. ISTRUST (Interpretable Spatiotemporal TRansformer for Understanding STructures) tackles the dual challenges posed by high-dimensional data and the black-box nature of existing models. Leveraging Transformers’ attention mechanism, ISTRUST breaks down the spatiotemporal domain, effectively realizing interpretable RUL predictions under uncertainty using only sparse raw image sequences as input. Evaluated on fatigue-loaded composite samples showcasing crack propagation, ISTRUST interprets the relation between cracks and RUL via the attention mechanism. The results substantiate its capacity to interpret and clarify instances in which predictions may exhibit variability in accuracy. Through the attention mechanism, a strong correlation between the model’s spatiotemporal focus and the RUL predictions is established, making it, to the best of our knowledge, the first model to provide interpretable stochastic RUL predictions directly from sequential images of this nature.
{"title":"Intelligent fatigue damage tracking and prognostics of composite structures utilizing raw images via interpretable deep learning","authors":"P. Komninos , A.E.C. Verraest , N. Eleftheroglou , D. Zarouchas","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, prognostics gained attention in various industries by optimizing maintenance, boosting operational efficiency, and preventing costly downtime. Central to prognostics is the Remaining Useful Life (RUL), representing the critical time before system failure. Deep learning advancements facilitate RUL forecasting by extracting features from diverse data formats such as time series, images, or sequences thereof, in one, two, or three dimensions, respectively. Yet, predicting RUL from image sequences often relies heavily on resource-intensive techniques like digital image correlation, complicating data acquisition. To address challenges with high-dimensional data and unreliable models, this study introduces ISTRUST, an innovative Transformer-based architecture. ISTRUST (Interpretable Spatiotemporal TRansformer for Understanding STructures) tackles the dual challenges posed by high-dimensional data and the black-box nature of existing models. Leveraging Transformers’ attention mechanism, ISTRUST breaks down the spatiotemporal domain, effectively realizing interpretable RUL predictions under uncertainty using only sparse raw image sequences as input. Evaluated on fatigue-loaded composite samples showcasing crack propagation, ISTRUST interprets the relation between cracks and RUL via the attention mechanism. The results substantiate its capacity to interpret and clarify instances in which predictions may exhibit variability in accuracy. Through the attention mechanism, a strong correlation between the model’s spatiotemporal focus and the RUL predictions is established, making it, to the best of our knowledge, the first model to provide interpretable stochastic RUL predictions directly from sequential images of this nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 111863"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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