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Adaptive segmentation method of pressed character image based on Wellner algorithm 基于Wellner算法的按压字符图像自适应分割方法
Xili Duan, Jing Le, Yuyang Ming, Shaowei Chen, Mingxing Tang
The image of pressed characters on the surface of metal workpieces in industry has obvious unimodal characteristics, for this feature, this paper proposes an adaptive segmentation method based on Wellner algorithm, this method is used to segment the pressed character image whose character gray value is similar to background gray value. Firstly, we use uniform illumination to capture grayscale images. Next, the Retinex algorithm is used to enhance the details of the character edge, the grayscale distribution range is expanded to improve the image contrast. Then, the bilateral filtering algorithm is used to filter the image noise. In this paper, the pixel gray value of a certain point is selected as the center, the row and column mean value of the pixel is calculated, at the same time, the mean value of the pixel gray value in the 8-connected region that it belongs to the pixel selected to be the center is calculated. The algorithm applies the “center-around” idea, the Wellner algorithm is improved with the mean value and the image pixel points are traversed to achieve image binarization. Finally, the final segmentation result is obtained by combining morphological operations. The verification experimental results show that the proposed method has good self-adaptiveness and accuracy for the gray-scale histogram image with unimodal characteristics.
工业中金属工件表面的压制字符图像具有明显的单峰特征,针对这一特征,本文提出了一种基于Wellner算法的自适应分割方法,利用该方法对特征灰度值与背景灰度值相近的压制字符图像进行分割。首先,采用均匀光照捕获灰度图像。其次,利用Retinex算法增强特征边缘的细节,扩大灰度分布范围,提高图像对比度。然后,采用双边滤波算法对图像噪声进行滤波。本文选取某一点的像素灰度值为中心,计算像素的行、列均值,同时计算其所属的被选取为中心的像素所在的8连通区域的像素灰度值均值。该算法采用“以中心为中心”的思想,对Wellner算法进行均值改进,遍历图像像素点,实现图像二值化。最后结合形态学运算得到最终的分割结果。验证实验结果表明,该方法对具有单峰特征的灰度直方图具有良好的自适应性和准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Self-calibration method of precision shafting angle measurement error based on multiple reading heads 基于多读头的精密轴系角度测量误差自校正方法
Run Zhang, Wenhui Bao, Huining Zhao, Hua-Kun Jia, Liandong Yu
With the continuous improvement of equipment measurement accuracy and production efficiency requirements, calibration method with external reference standard can no longer meet the quality and efficiency requirements. In order to solve the online calibration problem and effectively improve the calibration efficiency of the Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs) in practical application, a self-calibration system of circular grating angle sensor which is applied to joints of the AACMMs was established. Based on the harmonic analysis of the angle measurement error, this paper deduces and analyzes the error suppression principle of the layout of the scanning heads on the calibration result, and establishes a non-uniform layout of the scanning heads to eliminate more and higher order harmonic errors. The simulation and test results show that the self-calibration method using this layout form of multiple reading heads can effectively reduce the measurement angle error without increasing the number of scanning heads, and improve the calibration efficiency and measurement accuracy of AACMMs.
随着设备测量精度和生产效率要求的不断提高,采用外部参考标准的校准方法已不能满足质量和效率要求。为了解决铰接臂三坐标测量机在实际应用中的在线标定问题,有效提高其标定效率,建立了一种应用于铰接臂三坐标测量机关节的圆光栅角度传感器自标定系统。在对角度测量误差进行谐波分析的基础上,推导并分析了扫描头布局对标定结果的误差抑制原理,建立了扫描头的非均匀布局,消除了多阶、高阶谐波误差。仿真和测试结果表明,采用这种多读头布局形式的自校准方法可以在不增加扫描头数量的情况下有效减小测量角度误差,提高aacmm的校准效率和测量精度。
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引用次数: 3
Development of optic-electronic autocollimators for monitoring the angular displacements of large objects 用于监测大物体角位移的光电自准直仪的研制
I. Konyakhin
Ways of improving autocollimators for monitoring angular displacements are analyzed. The results of an analysis of control elements based on tetrahedral reflectors with flat reflecting sides are presented. The technical characteristics of experimental models of control elements are presented. The features of tetrahedral reflector as the control elements for three-axis autocollimators are discussed.
分析了用于角位移监测的自准直仪的改进方法。给出了基于平面四面体反射器的控制元件的分析结果。介绍了控制元件实验模型的技术特点。讨论了作为三轴自准直仪控制元件的四面体反射镜的特点。
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引用次数: 0
A novel two-dimensional inductive sensor based on planar coils 一种基于平面线圈的新型二维电感传感器
Liang Wu, Shi Xu, Yangyang Wang, Rui Zhang, Yang Liu
The precision measurement of two-dimensional displacements is needed in many domains, such as precision fabrication and detection. This paper presents a novel inductive position sensor with the capability of measuring displacements in x- and y- directions simultaneously. The sensor consists of two parts: a ferromagnetic plate with primary windings which are composed of four layers of planar coils, a ferromagnetic plate with secondary windings which are composed of four layers of planar coils. Primary windings are supplied with two orthogonal 20KHz alternating current to generate traveling wave magnetic field along x- and y- directions separately. Secondary windings output two signals whose phases are proportional to linear displacements of X and Y directions respectively. The structure and working principles of the sensor are proposed. Meanwhile, a sensor model is simulated to verify the feasibility of the working principle and a sensor prototype is fabricated for physical experiment. According to the analysis of experiment results, the measurement range is 140mm×140mm, and the maximum linearity in one pitch is 1%. The performance of sensor may be improved by optimizing the layout of primary and secondary windings and signal processing circuit.
在许多领域,如精密制造和检测,都需要对二维位移进行精确测量。本文提出了一种能够同时测量x、y方向位移的新型电感式位置传感器。该传感器由两部分组成:由四层平面线圈组成的初级铁磁板和由四层平面线圈组成的次级铁磁板。初级绕组提供两个正交的20KHz交流电,分别沿x和y方向产生行波磁场。二次绕组输出两个相位分别与X和Y方向的线性位移成正比的信号。介绍了传感器的结构和工作原理。同时,对传感器模型进行了仿真,验证了工作原理的可行性,并制作了传感器样机进行物理实验。根据实验结果分析,测量范围为140mm×140mm,一个螺距内的最大线性度为1%。通过优化一次绕组和二次绕组以及信号处理电路的布局,可以提高传感器的性能。
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引用次数: 0
A compact design of optical scheme for a two-probe absolute surface encoders 一种紧凑的双探头绝对面编码器光学方案设计
Xinghui Li, Yaping Shi, Peirong Wang, K. Ni, Qian Zhou, Xiaohao Wang
An improved optical scheme of planar encoder is presented in this paper. The modulation of diffractive beams from scale grating and reference grating is analyzed systematically. Based on this analysis, independent modulation of eight diffractive beams from scale grating and reference grating, with no cross effect between each other, is achieved with an improved design of easy to adjust and simplicity in structure, cost-effectiveness and flexibility in use. Furthermore, in this research, the optical configuration of the planar encoder was divided into three function areas, modulation of diffractive beams, optical subdivision and photoelectric detection. Separate design decreases the coupling relationship between various optical elements, which improves the convenience of optical alignment and reduces the cumulative error in debugging process to a certain extent. In this study, a standard interference ranging system is set up by using a grating with a 1μm period. The typical four path interference signals are collected. The quality of the interference signal verified the feasibility and superiority of the innovative design.
提出了一种改进的平面编码器光学方案。系统地分析了尺度光栅和基准光栅对衍射光束的调制。在此基础上,采用调整方便、结构简单、性价比高、使用灵活的改进设计,实现了尺度光栅和参考光栅8束衍射光束的独立调制,且相互之间没有交叉效应。此外,本研究将平面编码器的光学结构划分为衍射光束调制、光学细分和光电检测三个功能区。独立设计减少了各光学元件之间的耦合关系,提高了光学对准的便利性,在一定程度上减少了调试过程中的累积误差。本文采用周期为1μm的光栅建立了一个标准的干涉测距系统。采集典型的四路干扰信号。干扰信号的质量验证了创新设计的可行性和优越性。
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引用次数: 1
An enhanced homodyne laser vibrometer based on an auto-gain module 一种基于自动增益模块的增强型静差激光测振仪
Ke Wang, Haijin Fu, Di Chang, P. Hu, Hongxing Yang, Ruitao Yang, Jiubin Tan
This study presents an enhanced homodyne laser vibrometer with adaptability to reflectivity. The reflectivity could be quite different when measuring different target, which caused the variation of the intensity of the interference signals. In order to enhance the measurement range for the reflectivity of the target, an auto-gain module, which could enlarge the interference signals to an optimal range of the analog-to-digital converter, is implemented in the signal-processing card. The intensity of the interference signals could be calculated in the auto-gain module, and then amplified according to a predetermined rule by using programmable gain amplifiers. The experimental results indicated that the laser vibrometer proposed is capable of measuring vibration with surface reflectivity down to 0.08%.
提出了一种具有自适应反射率的增强型静差激光测振仪。在测量不同的目标时,反射率会有很大的差异,从而导致干扰信号强度的变化。为了提高目标反射率的测量范围,在信号处理卡中加入了自动增益模块,将干扰信号放大到模数转换器的最佳测量范围。在自动增益模块中计算干扰信号的强度,然后使用可编程增益放大器按预定规则进行放大。实验结果表明,所设计的激光测振仪能够测量表面反射率低至0.08%的振动。
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引用次数: 0
Real-time 3D shape measurement by fringe projection and GPU parallel computing 基于条纹投影和GPU并行计算的实时三维形状测量
Huijie Zhao, Yang Xu, Hongzhi Jiang, Xiaochun Diao, Chenghao Liu, Mingyi Xing
When fringe projection profilometry is applied for real-time 3D shape measurement, several problems remain to be solved such as multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping is sensitive to motion and the computation cost is high. In this paper, a real-time 3D shape measurement method with optimized multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping and GPU parallel computing is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can acquire 3D shape at 40 fps. Dynamic object with discontinuities can be measured and the phase unwrapping mistakes are eliminated by smoothing the phase of beat frequency during multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping.
条纹投影轮廓术应用于实时三维形状测量时,存在多波长外差相位展开对运动敏感、计算量大等问题。提出了一种基于优化多波长外差相位展开和GPU并行计算的实时三维形状测量方法。实验结果表明,该方法可以在40 fps的速度下获得三维形状。在多波长外差相位展开中,通过对拍频相位进行平滑处理,消除了相位展开误差。
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引用次数: 0
Research of the polarization-optical parameters of a solid-state matrix photomultiplier 固态矩阵光电倍增管偏振光学参数的研究
Anastasiya Y. Lobanova, V. Ryzhova, I. Konyakhin
The work is devoted to the research of the polarization-optical parameters of a solid-state matrix photomultiplier. The main parameters of the performance of the SiPM form from the sensitivity of the photodetector. As an object of study, a silicon photomultiplier ARRAY-C 60035-4P was chosen, which consists of 4 photosensitive sites. The pixels of the SiPM are avalanche photodiodes that are separated from each other by elements that do not participate in the formation of the useful signal and serve to suppress the secondary optical signal due to the optical coupling between. In this paper, experimental studies of the state of polarization reflected from the surface of each of the active regions of the matrix of a silicon photomultiplier are performed using a laser photoelectric ellipsometer LEF-3F-1. The action of the ellipsometer is based on the zero method of determining the polarization angles. In the course of the experiment the contractions of ellipsometric angles were determined. The experiment was carried out at four angles of incidence on the surface of the receiver, which corresponds to a set of reflective characteristics of a silicon photoelectric multiplier. With the help of these data, the estimation of the distribution of the reflection and transmission coefficients becomes possible, as well as the sensitivity distribution over the different sites of the SiPM.
本文对固态矩阵光电倍增管的偏振光学参数进行了研究。SiPM性能的主要参数来自光电探测器的灵敏度。研究对象为硅光电倍增管ARRAY-C 60035-4P,由4个光敏位组成。SiPM的像素是雪崩光电二极管,它们彼此由不参与有用信号形成的元件分开,并且由于它们之间的光耦合而抑制二次光信号。本文利用激光光电椭偏仪LEF-3F-1对硅光电倍增管各有源区表面反射的偏振态进行了实验研究。椭偏仪的作用是基于零法确定偏振角。在实验过程中测定了椭偏角的收缩量。实验在接收器表面的四个入射角上进行,这对应于硅光电倍增器的一组反射特性。利用这些数据,可以估计反射系数和透射系数的分布,以及SiPM在不同场址上的灵敏度分布。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization on metering accuracy of smart electricity meter by temperature compensation 基于温度补偿的智能电表计量精度优化
Lu Wang, G. Zhai, X. Ye, M. Lv, Songmin Yu
Smart electricity meters are playing an indispensable role in modern society, and their measurement accuracy affects the economic interests of both power units and users. In this paper, a compensating method based on neural network approximate modeling is proposed to increase the accuracy of electric energy measurement among the whole range of operational temperature. Based on the measurement data and the internal structure of the smart electricity meter, a MATLAB/Simulink model of the meter is built to evaluate the consistency of power measurement at different temperature levels. The FEM (finite element method) thermal simulation model of the meter device is carried out in ANSYS Icepak to obtain the temperature contours of the smart meter in different operating conditions. Afterwards, based on the simulation data, the component temperature in the metering circuit is evaluated according to the approximation model built by RBF (Radial basis function) neural network. At last, a temperature compensation program is realized in the MCU (Micro-Controller Unit) to adjust the metering accuracy. According to the final testing results, the proposed method significantly enhances the metering accuracy among full temperature range.
智能电表在现代社会中发挥着不可缺少的作用,其计量精度影响着发电单位和用户的经济利益。为了提高整个工作温度范围内电能测量的精度,提出了一种基于神经网络近似建模的补偿方法。根据智能电能表的测量数据和内部结构,建立了智能电能表的MATLAB/Simulink模型,对不同温度水平下的功率测量一致性进行了评估。在ANSYS Icepak软件中建立了仪表装置的有限元热仿真模型,得到了智能电表在不同工况下的温度曲线。然后,根据仿真数据,根据RBF (Radial basis function)神经网络建立的近似模型对计量电路中的元件温度进行估算。最后,在单片机上实现了温度补偿程序来调节计量精度。最终测试结果表明,该方法显著提高了全温度范围内的计量精度。
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引用次数: 1
A novel breakpoint detection method based on dynamic programming for linear laser scanner 一种基于动态规划的线性激光扫描器断点检测方法
Xiaoqia Yin, W. Tao, H Zhao
Linear laser scanner has been widely used in industrial applications, such as 3D reconstruction. Breakpoint detection of the laser stripe centerline is a fundamental step. In practical applications, the centerline is always not perfect due to various noises. A novel breakpoint detection method named Fixed Dynamic Programming (FDP) is proposed. Firstly, the centerline fitting error is illustrated in detail, which is to be used as the criterion in the FDP. Secondly, principle of the FDP method is described, which modified the traditional DP method by utilizing the foreknown breakpoints information of the centerline. Finally, experiment is implemented to detect breakpoints of the noisy laser stripe centerline by using a linear laser scanning system. From the experiment result verifies that the prosed FDP method can avoid the influence of noise and improve the computation efficiency.
线性激光扫描仪在三维重建等工业应用中得到了广泛的应用。激光条纹中心线的断点检测是激光条纹检测的基本步骤。在实际应用中,由于各种噪声的影响,中心线总是不完美的。提出了一种新的断点检测方法——固定动态规划(FDP)。首先详细说明了作为FDP判据的中心线拟合误差。其次,介绍了FDP方法的原理,该方法利用中心线的已知断点信息对传统的DP方法进行了改进。最后,利用线性激光扫描系统实现了噪声激光条纹中心线断点的检测实验。实验结果表明,所提出的FDP方法可以避免噪声的影响,提高计算效率。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation
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