The Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine (AACMM) is a kind of coordinate measuring devices in the form of an articulated robot. To improve the accuracy of AACMM, a kinematic identification method is presented in this paper. Firstly, we perform the kinematics modeling and simulation to realize the kinematic transformation from the joint space to the coordinate space. Then, we establish an error model and use least squares method to identify kinematic parameters. And the effectiveness of the least squares method for kinematic parameter identification is studied. Finally, the experiments of single point repeatability accuracy and the standard gauge accuracy are performed. The experimental results show that proposed the kinematic identification method can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the joint coordinate measuring machine.
{"title":"Kinematics identification and measurement accuracy verification of articulated arm coordinate measuring machines","authors":"Sen Wang, Guanbin Gao, Jun Zhao, J. Na, Wen Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.2511790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2511790","url":null,"abstract":"The Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine (AACMM) is a kind of coordinate measuring devices in the form of an articulated robot. To improve the accuracy of AACMM, a kinematic identification method is presented in this paper. Firstly, we perform the kinematics modeling and simulation to realize the kinematic transformation from the joint space to the coordinate space. Then, we establish an error model and use least squares method to identify kinematic parameters. And the effectiveness of the least squares method for kinematic parameter identification is studied. Finally, the experiments of single point repeatability accuracy and the standard gauge accuracy are performed. The experimental results show that proposed the kinematic identification method can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the joint coordinate measuring machine.","PeriodicalId":115119,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117249440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Run Zhang, Wenhui Bao, Huining Zhao, Hua-Kun Jia, Liandong Yu
With the continuous improvement of equipment measurement accuracy and production efficiency requirements, calibration method with external reference standard can no longer meet the quality and efficiency requirements. In order to solve the online calibration problem and effectively improve the calibration efficiency of the Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs) in practical application, a self-calibration system of circular grating angle sensor which is applied to joints of the AACMMs was established. Based on the harmonic analysis of the angle measurement error, this paper deduces and analyzes the error suppression principle of the layout of the scanning heads on the calibration result, and establishes a non-uniform layout of the scanning heads to eliminate more and higher order harmonic errors. The simulation and test results show that the self-calibration method using this layout form of multiple reading heads can effectively reduce the measurement angle error without increasing the number of scanning heads, and improve the calibration efficiency and measurement accuracy of AACMMs.
{"title":"Self-calibration method of precision shafting angle measurement error based on multiple reading heads","authors":"Run Zhang, Wenhui Bao, Huining Zhao, Hua-Kun Jia, Liandong Yu","doi":"10.1117/12.2511826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2511826","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuous improvement of equipment measurement accuracy and production efficiency requirements, calibration method with external reference standard can no longer meet the quality and efficiency requirements. In order to solve the online calibration problem and effectively improve the calibration efficiency of the Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMMs) in practical application, a self-calibration system of circular grating angle sensor which is applied to joints of the AACMMs was established. Based on the harmonic analysis of the angle measurement error, this paper deduces and analyzes the error suppression principle of the layout of the scanning heads on the calibration result, and establishes a non-uniform layout of the scanning heads to eliminate more and higher order harmonic errors. The simulation and test results show that the self-calibration method using this layout form of multiple reading heads can effectively reduce the measurement angle error without increasing the number of scanning heads, and improve the calibration efficiency and measurement accuracy of AACMMs.","PeriodicalId":115119,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115528693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xili Duan, Jing Le, Yuyang Ming, Shaowei Chen, Mingxing Tang
The image of pressed characters on the surface of metal workpieces in industry has obvious unimodal characteristics, for this feature, this paper proposes an adaptive segmentation method based on Wellner algorithm, this method is used to segment the pressed character image whose character gray value is similar to background gray value. Firstly, we use uniform illumination to capture grayscale images. Next, the Retinex algorithm is used to enhance the details of the character edge, the grayscale distribution range is expanded to improve the image contrast. Then, the bilateral filtering algorithm is used to filter the image noise. In this paper, the pixel gray value of a certain point is selected as the center, the row and column mean value of the pixel is calculated, at the same time, the mean value of the pixel gray value in the 8-connected region that it belongs to the pixel selected to be the center is calculated. The algorithm applies the “center-around” idea, the Wellner algorithm is improved with the mean value and the image pixel points are traversed to achieve image binarization. Finally, the final segmentation result is obtained by combining morphological operations. The verification experimental results show that the proposed method has good self-adaptiveness and accuracy for the gray-scale histogram image with unimodal characteristics.
{"title":"Adaptive segmentation method of pressed character image based on Wellner algorithm","authors":"Xili Duan, Jing Le, Yuyang Ming, Shaowei Chen, Mingxing Tang","doi":"10.1117/12.2512141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512141","url":null,"abstract":"The image of pressed characters on the surface of metal workpieces in industry has obvious unimodal characteristics, for this feature, this paper proposes an adaptive segmentation method based on Wellner algorithm, this method is used to segment the pressed character image whose character gray value is similar to background gray value. Firstly, we use uniform illumination to capture grayscale images. Next, the Retinex algorithm is used to enhance the details of the character edge, the grayscale distribution range is expanded to improve the image contrast. Then, the bilateral filtering algorithm is used to filter the image noise. In this paper, the pixel gray value of a certain point is selected as the center, the row and column mean value of the pixel is calculated, at the same time, the mean value of the pixel gray value in the 8-connected region that it belongs to the pixel selected to be the center is calculated. The algorithm applies the “center-around” idea, the Wellner algorithm is improved with the mean value and the image pixel points are traversed to achieve image binarization. Finally, the final segmentation result is obtained by combining morphological operations. The verification experimental results show that the proposed method has good self-adaptiveness and accuracy for the gray-scale histogram image with unimodal characteristics.","PeriodicalId":115119,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115762922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A compact diffracting grating based laser wavemeter is constructed in this paper. Wavelength is the length unit of laser interferometers, it must be very accurate and stable during the length measurement. An air sensor, which is employed to correct the air refractive index through an empirical equation, is essential in laser interferometers. However, the empirical equation is suffered from indirect measurement, the correction accuracy is depended on the measurement accuracy of the air sensor. Slow response is other disadvantages of the empirical equation. Additional, the empirical equation is not applicable to correct the laser diode wavelength. Therefore, a direct measurement method of laser diode wavelength, based on the diffraction principle, is proposed and a compact, low-cost and simple wavemeter is constructed in this paper. Laser beam drift is recognized as one of critical error source in laser measurement. Therefore, a novel laser beam drift active compensation method is thus proposed in this study that integrates the functions of automatic type angle turning and PID controlled fine angle motion. After introducing the principles of wavelength measurement and laser beam drift compensation, the effectiveness of the wavemeter in real-time wavelength measurement is well verified by the experimental results.
{"title":"Construction of a compact laser wavemeter with compensation of laser beam drift","authors":"Yindi Cai, B. Feng, K. Fan","doi":"10.1117/12.2509514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509514","url":null,"abstract":"A compact diffracting grating based laser wavemeter is constructed in this paper. Wavelength is the length unit of laser interferometers, it must be very accurate and stable during the length measurement. An air sensor, which is employed to correct the air refractive index through an empirical equation, is essential in laser interferometers. However, the empirical equation is suffered from indirect measurement, the correction accuracy is depended on the measurement accuracy of the air sensor. Slow response is other disadvantages of the empirical equation. Additional, the empirical equation is not applicable to correct the laser diode wavelength. Therefore, a direct measurement method of laser diode wavelength, based on the diffraction principle, is proposed and a compact, low-cost and simple wavemeter is constructed in this paper. Laser beam drift is recognized as one of critical error source in laser measurement. Therefore, a novel laser beam drift active compensation method is thus proposed in this study that integrates the functions of automatic type angle turning and PID controlled fine angle motion. After introducing the principles of wavelength measurement and laser beam drift compensation, the effectiveness of the wavemeter in real-time wavelength measurement is well verified by the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":115119,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115654095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The long fiber frequency sampling method has been widely used to eliminate the nonlinearity of laser tuning in the frequency-modulated continuous wave laser ranging technique. Then, fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed on the resampling signal to obtain the distance spectral information. However, due to the picket fence and leakage of FFT-based methods, it is hard to find the precise location and achieve better range precision. In this paper, we propose a novel frequency estimation method, multiple signal classification (MUSIC), to be used instead of the conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithm to obtain better range precision. In addition, the induced-fiber dispersion could also lead to poor accuracy and precision in the large-bandwidth and long-distance measurements scenes. To solve this problem, a phase compensation method for resolution-enhancement is proposed.
{"title":"Method for high-precision distance estimation and dispersion mismatch compensation in frequency scanning interferometry","authors":"Hao Pan, Xinghua Qu, Fumin Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.2511747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2511747","url":null,"abstract":"The long fiber frequency sampling method has been widely used to eliminate the nonlinearity of laser tuning in the frequency-modulated continuous wave laser ranging technique. Then, fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed on the resampling signal to obtain the distance spectral information. However, due to the picket fence and leakage of FFT-based methods, it is hard to find the precise location and achieve better range precision. In this paper, we propose a novel frequency estimation method, multiple signal classification (MUSIC), to be used instead of the conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithm to obtain better range precision. In addition, the induced-fiber dispersion could also lead to poor accuracy and precision in the large-bandwidth and long-distance measurements scenes. To solve this problem, a phase compensation method for resolution-enhancement is proposed.","PeriodicalId":115119,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121482520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ways of improving autocollimators for monitoring angular displacements are analyzed. The results of an analysis of control elements based on tetrahedral reflectors with flat reflecting sides are presented. The technical characteristics of experimental models of control elements are presented. The features of tetrahedral reflector as the control elements for three-axis autocollimators are discussed.
{"title":"Development of optic-electronic autocollimators for monitoring the angular displacements of large objects","authors":"I. Konyakhin","doi":"10.1117/12.2512110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512110","url":null,"abstract":"Ways of improving autocollimators for monitoring angular displacements are analyzed. The results of an analysis of control elements based on tetrahedral reflectors with flat reflecting sides are presented. The technical characteristics of experimental models of control elements are presented. The features of tetrahedral reflector as the control elements for three-axis autocollimators are discussed.","PeriodicalId":115119,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123377585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ke Wang, Haijin Fu, Di Chang, P. Hu, Hongxing Yang, Ruitao Yang, Jiubin Tan
This study presents an enhanced homodyne laser vibrometer with adaptability to reflectivity. The reflectivity could be quite different when measuring different target, which caused the variation of the intensity of the interference signals. In order to enhance the measurement range for the reflectivity of the target, an auto-gain module, which could enlarge the interference signals to an optimal range of the analog-to-digital converter, is implemented in the signal-processing card. The intensity of the interference signals could be calculated in the auto-gain module, and then amplified according to a predetermined rule by using programmable gain amplifiers. The experimental results indicated that the laser vibrometer proposed is capable of measuring vibration with surface reflectivity down to 0.08%.
{"title":"An enhanced homodyne laser vibrometer based on an auto-gain module","authors":"Ke Wang, Haijin Fu, Di Chang, P. Hu, Hongxing Yang, Ruitao Yang, Jiubin Tan","doi":"10.1117/12.2512441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512441","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an enhanced homodyne laser vibrometer with adaptability to reflectivity. The reflectivity could be quite different when measuring different target, which caused the variation of the intensity of the interference signals. In order to enhance the measurement range for the reflectivity of the target, an auto-gain module, which could enlarge the interference signals to an optimal range of the analog-to-digital converter, is implemented in the signal-processing card. The intensity of the interference signals could be calculated in the auto-gain module, and then amplified according to a predetermined rule by using programmable gain amplifiers. The experimental results indicated that the laser vibrometer proposed is capable of measuring vibration with surface reflectivity down to 0.08%.","PeriodicalId":115119,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123995346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work is devoted to the research of the polarization-optical parameters of a solid-state matrix photomultiplier. The main parameters of the performance of the SiPM form from the sensitivity of the photodetector. As an object of study, a silicon photomultiplier ARRAY-C 60035-4P was chosen, which consists of 4 photosensitive sites. The pixels of the SiPM are avalanche photodiodes that are separated from each other by elements that do not participate in the formation of the useful signal and serve to suppress the secondary optical signal due to the optical coupling between. In this paper, experimental studies of the state of polarization reflected from the surface of each of the active regions of the matrix of a silicon photomultiplier are performed using a laser photoelectric ellipsometer LEF-3F-1. The action of the ellipsometer is based on the zero method of determining the polarization angles. In the course of the experiment the contractions of ellipsometric angles were determined. The experiment was carried out at four angles of incidence on the surface of the receiver, which corresponds to a set of reflective characteristics of a silicon photoelectric multiplier. With the help of these data, the estimation of the distribution of the reflection and transmission coefficients becomes possible, as well as the sensitivity distribution over the different sites of the SiPM.
{"title":"Research of the polarization-optical parameters of a solid-state matrix photomultiplier","authors":"Anastasiya Y. Lobanova, V. Ryzhova, I. Konyakhin","doi":"10.1117/12.2511058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2511058","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the research of the polarization-optical parameters of a solid-state matrix photomultiplier. The main parameters of the performance of the SiPM form from the sensitivity of the photodetector. As an object of study, a silicon photomultiplier ARRAY-C 60035-4P was chosen, which consists of 4 photosensitive sites. The pixels of the SiPM are avalanche photodiodes that are separated from each other by elements that do not participate in the formation of the useful signal and serve to suppress the secondary optical signal due to the optical coupling between. In this paper, experimental studies of the state of polarization reflected from the surface of each of the active regions of the matrix of a silicon photomultiplier are performed using a laser photoelectric ellipsometer LEF-3F-1. The action of the ellipsometer is based on the zero method of determining the polarization angles. In the course of the experiment the contractions of ellipsometric angles were determined. The experiment was carried out at four angles of incidence on the surface of the receiver, which corresponds to a set of reflective characteristics of a silicon photoelectric multiplier. With the help of these data, the estimation of the distribution of the reflection and transmission coefficients becomes possible, as well as the sensitivity distribution over the different sites of the SiPM.","PeriodicalId":115119,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125404514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When fringe projection profilometry is applied for real-time 3D shape measurement, several problems remain to be solved such as multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping is sensitive to motion and the computation cost is high. In this paper, a real-time 3D shape measurement method with optimized multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping and GPU parallel computing is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can acquire 3D shape at 40 fps. Dynamic object with discontinuities can be measured and the phase unwrapping mistakes are eliminated by smoothing the phase of beat frequency during multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping.
{"title":"Real-time 3D shape measurement by fringe projection and GPU parallel computing","authors":"Huijie Zhao, Yang Xu, Hongzhi Jiang, Xiaochun Diao, Chenghao Liu, Mingyi Xing","doi":"10.1117/12.2512171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512171","url":null,"abstract":"When fringe projection profilometry is applied for real-time 3D shape measurement, several problems remain to be solved such as multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping is sensitive to motion and the computation cost is high. In this paper, a real-time 3D shape measurement method with optimized multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping and GPU parallel computing is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can acquire 3D shape at 40 fps. Dynamic object with discontinuities can be measured and the phase unwrapping mistakes are eliminated by smoothing the phase of beat frequency during multi-wavelength heterodyne phase unwrapping.","PeriodicalId":115119,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125397966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi Lv, C. Cai, Guodong Zhai, Zhihua Liu, Jiachun Cheng
High-acceleration vibrations have a strong effect on parts damage and engine life in the aerospace field. Demand for high-acceleration vibration calibration devices is urgently required. In this paper, a set of resonant high-acceleration calibration system was established. This system generates high-acceleration based on the principle that the resonant beam reaches its natural frequency at the outside frequency to amplify the acceleration amplitude. Experimental results show the system can achieve accurate calibration of sensors at high-acceleration.
{"title":"Study on resonant high-acceleration calibration system","authors":"Qi Lv, C. Cai, Guodong Zhai, Zhihua Liu, Jiachun Cheng","doi":"10.1117/12.2517313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2517313","url":null,"abstract":"High-acceleration vibrations have a strong effect on parts damage and engine life in the aerospace field. Demand for high-acceleration vibration calibration devices is urgently required. In this paper, a set of resonant high-acceleration calibration system was established. This system generates high-acceleration based on the principle that the resonant beam reaches its natural frequency at the outside frequency to amplify the acceleration amplitude. Experimental results show the system can achieve accurate calibration of sensors at high-acceleration.","PeriodicalId":115119,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130307086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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