Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0017
Lian Chen, Huiqin Jiang, Z. Shao, Marija Ivanović, Serbia Belgrade
The concept of vague graph was introduced early by Ramakrishna and substantial graph parameters on vague graphs were proposed such graph coloring, connectivity, dominating set, independent set, total dominating number and independent dominating number. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the dominator coloring and total dominator coloring of a vague graph and establish mathematical modelling for these problems.
{"title":"Dominator and total dominator colorings in vague graphs","authors":"Lian Chen, Huiqin Jiang, Z. Shao, Marija Ivanović, Serbia Belgrade","doi":"10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0017","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of vague graph was introduced early by Ramakrishna and substantial graph parameters on vague graphs were proposed such graph coloring, connectivity, dominating set, independent set, total dominating number and independent dominating number. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the dominator coloring and total dominator coloring of a vague graph and establish mathematical modelling for these problems.","PeriodicalId":11518,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47748672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0028
Emran Khoshrouye Ghiasi, R. Saleh
In the present paper, we focus on the melting heat transfer characteristics of Casson fluid involving thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. To this end, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via the similarity variables. Besides establishing a homotopy-based methodology and its optimization performed in MATHEMATICA package BVPh2.0, the present findings are compared and validated by those available results in the literature. It can be shown that regardless of the variable fluid properties, this methodology predicts the heat transfer rate with and without melting effect at any Prandtl number. Furthermore, it is seen that the velocity distribution is significantly affected by the melting parameter.
{"title":"A series solution for melting heat transfer characteristics of hybrid Casson fluid under thermal radiation","authors":"Emran Khoshrouye Ghiasi, R. Saleh","doi":"10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0028","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, we focus on the melting heat transfer characteristics of Casson fluid involving thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. To this end, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) via the similarity variables. Besides establishing a homotopy-based methodology and its optimization performed in MATHEMATICA package BVPh2.0, the present findings are compared and validated by those available results in the literature. It can be shown that regardless of the variable fluid properties, this methodology predicts the heat transfer rate with and without melting effect at any Prandtl number. Furthermore, it is seen that the velocity distribution is significantly affected by the melting parameter.","PeriodicalId":11518,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46313892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.30538/PSRP-EASL2019.0015
Farhan Ahmad, D. Minerals, I. Habiballah
State Estimation is the backbone of modern electric power system and is used by almost all Energy Management Systems (EMS) in the world to ensure the real-time monitoring and secure operation of a power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is most popular meter in today’s electrical power industry because of its high refresh rates and measurement accuracy. Meanwhile, state estimation with only PMUs is not practical because of the very high initial installation cost. Consequently, the use of PMU meters along with conventional Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) meters can improve the performance of the state estimation. In this paper, phasor measurements (voltage and current phasors) are incorporated in two robust estimators: Weighted Least Absolute Value (WLAV) and Least Measurement Rejected (LMR). Further, we have investigated the importance of locating PMUs to save cost and improve the performance of state estimation. The performance of these two estimators after incorporating voltage and current phasors is investigated in terms of estimation accuracy of state variables and computational efficiency in the presence of different bad-data scenarios on IEEE-30 and IEEE-118 bus systems.
{"title":"Robust estimators incorporating voltage and current phasors from PMUs","authors":"Farhan Ahmad, D. Minerals, I. Habiballah","doi":"10.30538/PSRP-EASL2019.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30538/PSRP-EASL2019.0015","url":null,"abstract":"State Estimation is the backbone of modern electric power system and is used by almost all Energy Management Systems (EMS) in the world to ensure the real-time monitoring and secure operation of a power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is most popular meter in today’s electrical power industry because of its high refresh rates and measurement accuracy. Meanwhile, state estimation with only PMUs is not practical because of the very high initial installation cost. Consequently, the use of PMU meters along with conventional Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) meters can improve the performance of the state estimation. In this paper, phasor measurements (voltage and current phasors) are incorporated in two robust estimators: Weighted Least Absolute Value (WLAV) and Least Measurement Rejected (LMR). Further, we have investigated the importance of locating PMUs to save cost and improve the performance of state estimation. The performance of these two estimators after incorporating voltage and current phasors is investigated in terms of estimation accuracy of state variables and computational efficiency in the presence of different bad-data scenarios on IEEE-30 and IEEE-118 bus systems.","PeriodicalId":11518,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46944120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-21DOI: 10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0011
Z. Shao, Abaid ur Rehman Virk, Muhammad Samar Javed, M. A. Rehman, Mohammad Reza, Farahani
: In the fields of chemical graph theory (CGT), mathematical chemistry and molecular topology, a topological index (TI) also known as a connectivity index is a type of a molecular descriptor that is calculated based on the molecular graph of a chemical compound. BiI 3 is an excellent inorganic compound and is very useful in qualitative inorganic analysis and topological indices of BiI 3 help to predict many properties like boiling point, heat of formation, strain energy, rigidity and fracture toughness and correlate the structure with various physical properties, chemical reactivity and biological activities. This paper computes several degree-based topological indices like multiplicative first Zagreb index, multiplicative second Zagreb index, multiplicative atomic bond connectivity index, multiplicative first and second hyper Zagreb index and multiplicative geometric arithmetic index for Bismuth Tri-Iodide chains and sheets.
{"title":"https://pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/easl-vol-2-issue-1-2019/degree-based-graph-invariants-for-the-molecular-graph-of-bismuth-tri-iodide/","authors":"Z. Shao, Abaid ur Rehman Virk, Muhammad Samar Javed, M. A. Rehman, Mohammad Reza, Farahani","doi":"10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0011","url":null,"abstract":": In the fields of chemical graph theory (CGT), mathematical chemistry and molecular topology, a topological index (TI) also known as a connectivity index is a type of a molecular descriptor that is calculated based on the molecular graph of a chemical compound. BiI 3 is an excellent inorganic compound and is very useful in qualitative inorganic analysis and topological indices of BiI 3 help to predict many properties like boiling point, heat of formation, strain energy, rigidity and fracture toughness and correlate the structure with various physical properties, chemical reactivity and biological activities. This paper computes several degree-based topological indices like multiplicative first Zagreb index, multiplicative second Zagreb index, multiplicative atomic bond connectivity index, multiplicative first and second hyper Zagreb index and multiplicative geometric arithmetic index for Bismuth Tri-Iodide chains and sheets.","PeriodicalId":11518,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46961824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0008
Zaheer Ahmad, A. Shamim, S. Mahmood, T. Mahmood, F. Khan
Nanoparticles are nanosized clusters with dimensions less than 100nm. Nanoparticles are fabricated by physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical and chemical methods are energy intensive and involve hazards of contaminations. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles is environment friendly, less toxic and cost effective process. Plants, microorganisms, and biomolecules are commonly exploited species for merging of nanoparticles in this method. In present work we synthesize Chromium oxide nanoparticles by biological method using fungal extract of Aspargillus Niger. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and UV-Vis (Ultraviolet Visible) techniques.
{"title":"Biological Synthesis and Characterization of Chromium (iii) Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Zaheer Ahmad, A. Shamim, S. Mahmood, T. Mahmood, F. Khan","doi":"10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles are nanosized clusters with dimensions less than 100nm. Nanoparticles are fabricated by physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical and chemical methods are energy intensive and involve hazards of contaminations. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles is environment friendly, less toxic and cost effective process. Plants, microorganisms, and biomolecules are commonly exploited species for merging of nanoparticles in this method. In present work we synthesize Chromium oxide nanoparticles by biological method using fungal extract of Aspargillus Niger. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and UV-Vis (Ultraviolet Visible) techniques.","PeriodicalId":11518,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46025040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0010
Abaid ur Rehman Virk, Mirza Naveed Jhangeer, M. A. Rehman, Pakpattan Pakistan. Ghs Feroz Pur Chistian
{"title":"Reverse Zagreb and Reverse Hyper-Zagreb Indices for Silicon Carbide (Si_{2}C_{3}I[r,s]) and (Si_{2}C_{3}II[r,s])","authors":"Abaid ur Rehman Virk, Mirza Naveed Jhangeer, M. A. Rehman, Pakpattan Pakistan. Ghs Feroz Pur Chistian","doi":"10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11518,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44359399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0007
Afif Abdalmonem, Omer Abdalrhman, S. Tao
Let Ω ∈ L∞(Rn) × L2(Sn−1) be a homogeneous function of degree zero. In this article, we obtain some boundedness of the parameterized Littlewood−Paley operators with variable kernels on weighted Herz spaces with variable exponent.
{"title":"Boundedness of Littlewood-Paley Operators with Variable Kernel on Weighted Herz Spaces with Variable Exponent","authors":"Afif Abdalmonem, Omer Abdalrhman, S. Tao","doi":"10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Let Ω ∈ L∞(Rn) × L2(Sn−1) be a homogeneous function of degree zero. In this article, we obtain some boundedness of the parameterized Littlewood−Paley operators with variable kernels on weighted Herz spaces with variable exponent.","PeriodicalId":11518,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47112080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0009
S. Mahmood, S. Jameel, Zaheer Ahmad
Nicotiana tabacum is rich with medicinal importance. The aim of the study is to isolate, purify and compare nicotine (3-[1-Methylpyrolidine2-yl] pyridine) from different brands of cigarettes. Isolation is carried out by liquid-liquid extraction using ether as solvent. Crude nicotine samples are further purified with SPE (solid phase extraction) method. Nicotine crystals are complexed with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). Fine and pure crystals of metal complexes are obtained with Nic-C and Nic-D. However, no complex formation is synthesized with Nic-A and Nic-B due to impurities in the sample which is confirmed by thin layer chromatography. Antibacterial activity of the samples is carried out against different strains of bacteria which showed positive results for Nic-C and Nic-D. The outcomes of the study reveal that Zinc-Nicotine complexes can be used as therapeutic agents and anti-sickness agents in sickle cell disease.
{"title":"Isolation, Purification and Complex Formation of Nicotine Alkaloid","authors":"S. Mahmood, S. Jameel, Zaheer Ahmad","doi":"10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotiana tabacum is rich with medicinal importance. The aim of the study is to isolate, purify and compare nicotine (3-[1-Methylpyrolidine2-yl] pyridine) from different brands of cigarettes. Isolation is carried out by liquid-liquid extraction using ether as solvent. Crude nicotine samples are further purified with SPE (solid phase extraction) method. Nicotine crystals are complexed with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). Fine and pure crystals of metal complexes are obtained with Nic-C and Nic-D. However, no complex formation is synthesized with Nic-A and Nic-B due to impurities in the sample which is confirmed by thin layer chromatography. Antibacterial activity of the samples is carried out against different strains of bacteria which showed positive results for Nic-C and Nic-D. The outcomes of the study reveal that Zinc-Nicotine complexes can be used as therapeutic agents and anti-sickness agents in sickle cell disease.","PeriodicalId":11518,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46662856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-17DOI: 10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0006
S. Mahmood, A. Rafiq, Zaheer Ahmad, M. Ajmal
The objective of the present study is to investigate and compare the efficacy, physiochemical equivalence and purity of API’s of different brands of cetirizine 2HCl tablets (10mg) with that of multinational brands available in local market of Lahore, Pakistan. The present work also provides awareness to allergy patients about most effective local brands with reasonable prices, without any health risk. Spectrophotometric method is used for chemical assay, TLC technique is subjected for the purity of API’s and physiochemical parameters is employed i.e. weight variation, hardness, friability, thickness, disintegration time and dissolution study as well as price fluctuation in PK rupees. The results of all physiochemical parameters and chemical assay are found to be within limit and meet to the pharmacopeial standards. TLC technique is developed to check the quality and purity of API, all the active ingredients showed the similar Rf -values without any impurity (0.38-0.39). From the test results and plots, it is observed and concluded that an economical and quality products can be prescribed for allergy patients whether they are manufactured by the local or multinational pharmaceutical companies without any health risk.
{"title":"In Vitro Comparison of Different Brands of Cetirizine 2HCl Tablets by Spectroscopy and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) in Local Market of Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"S. Mahmood, A. Rafiq, Zaheer Ahmad, M. Ajmal","doi":"10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30538/PSRP-EASL2018.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study is to investigate and compare the efficacy, physiochemical equivalence and purity of API’s of different brands of cetirizine 2HCl tablets (10mg) with that of multinational brands available in local market of Lahore, Pakistan. The present work also provides awareness to allergy patients about most effective local brands with reasonable prices, without any health risk. Spectrophotometric method is used for chemical assay, TLC technique is subjected for the purity of API’s and physiochemical parameters is employed i.e. weight variation, hardness, friability, thickness, disintegration time and dissolution study as well as price fluctuation in PK rupees. The results of all physiochemical parameters and chemical assay are found to be within limit and meet to the pharmacopeial standards. TLC technique is developed to check the quality and purity of API, all the active ingredients showed the similar Rf -values without any impurity (0.38-0.39). From the test results and plots, it is observed and concluded that an economical and quality products can be prescribed for allergy patients whether they are manufactured by the local or multinational pharmaceutical companies without any health risk.","PeriodicalId":11518,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45592297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-15DOI: 10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0012
F. Ahmad
Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas performance can be degraded due to the poor isolation between the MIMO antenna elements. In this paper a review of the different isolation enhancement schemes available in the literature is presented. Empirically the isolation between the antennas can be improved by placing the antenna as far as possible and it can be enhanced further by introducing different isolation enhancement schemes. Theory of characteristic modes (TCM) was recently proposed that had useful benefits. TCM was also used to enhance the isolation. This papers will also focus on the different approaches of TCM, to enhance the isolation.
{"title":"Review of isolation enhancement with the help of theory of characteristic modes","authors":"F. Ahmad","doi":"10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30538/psrp-easl2019.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas performance can be degraded due to the poor isolation between the MIMO antenna elements. In this paper a review of the different isolation enhancement schemes available in the literature is presented. Empirically the isolation between the antennas can be improved by placing the antenna as far as possible and it can be enhanced further by introducing different isolation enhancement schemes. Theory of characteristic modes (TCM) was recently proposed that had useful benefits. TCM was also used to enhance the isolation. This papers will also focus on the different approaches of TCM, to enhance the isolation.","PeriodicalId":11518,"journal":{"name":"Engineering and Applied Science Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43711637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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