Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.7
M. Prabhu, S. Natarajan, D. Veeraragavathatham, L. Pugalendhi
The biochemical basis of host plant resistance for shoot and fruit borer of brinjal was investigated using selected genotypes from the back crosses involving cultivated brinjal varieties and Solanum viarum. The different levels of biochemical constituents namely peroxidase, poly phenol oxidase, total phenols, and solasodine contents were observed in genotypes derived from inter-specific crosses and their parents. A higher level of polyphenol oxidase activity was observed in interspecific cross F 6 EP65 x S. viarum. There was a clear correlation between the levels of biochemical constituents and shoot and fruit borer incidence. This study showed the biochemical parameters responsible for the resistance but showed as well the development of superior genotypes with resistance to shoot and fruit borer.
{"title":"The biochemical basis of shoot and fruit borer resistance in interspecific progenies of brinjal (Solanum melongena)","authors":"M. Prabhu, S. Natarajan, D. Veeraragavathatham, L. Pugalendhi","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.7","url":null,"abstract":"The biochemical basis of host plant resistance for shoot and fruit borer of brinjal was investigated using selected genotypes from the back crosses involving cultivated brinjal varieties and Solanum viarum. The different levels of biochemical constituents namely peroxidase, poly phenol oxidase, total phenols, and solasodine contents were observed in genotypes derived from inter-specific crosses and their parents. A higher level of polyphenol oxidase activity was observed in interspecific cross F 6 EP65 x S. viarum. There was a clear correlation between the levels of biochemical constituents and shoot and fruit borer incidence. This study showed the biochemical parameters responsible for the resistance but showed as well the development of superior genotypes with resistance to shoot and fruit borer.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70597523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.8
M. Akyüz, S. Kırbağ
In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae grown on various agrowastes were investigated. The antimicrobial activity from the extract of P. eryngii var. ferulae which was obtained from various culture medium was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method by using Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Staphylococcus aureus COWAN 1, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae FMC 5, Candida albicans FMC 17, Candida glabrata ATCC 66032, Trichophyton spp., and Epidermophyton spp. At the end of the experimental studies, the methyl alcohol extracts of P. eryngii var. ferulae were shown to inhibit to different degrees the growth of microorganisms to (7.7-10.3 mm) also, mushroom extracts have a lower antimicrobial activity as to a comparison antibiotic (13.0-18.0 mm).
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae grown on various agro-wastes","authors":"M. Akyüz, S. Kırbağ","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.8","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae grown on various agrowastes were investigated. The antimicrobial activity from the extract of P. eryngii var. ferulae which was obtained from various culture medium was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method by using Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Staphylococcus aureus COWAN 1, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae FMC 5, Candida albicans FMC 17, Candida glabrata ATCC 66032, Trichophyton spp., and Epidermophyton spp. At the end of the experimental studies, the methyl alcohol extracts of P. eryngii var. ferulae were shown to inhibit to different degrees the growth of microorganisms to (7.7-10.3 mm) also, mushroom extracts have a lower antimicrobial activity as to a comparison antibiotic (13.0-18.0 mm).","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70597715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.16
Abdul Kadir R. A. Barzinji, R. Mothana, A. Nasher
The present work evaluates the effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Dendrosicyos socotrana and Jatropha unicostata on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro, and on the development of secondary hydatid cysts, in vivo. Three different concentrations of each leaf extract were used. Concentrations of 5000 and 1000 μg/mL, for D. socotrana and J. unicostata, respectively, exhibited the highest protoscolicidal activity, significantly reducing and/or stopping protoscolex viability. Oral and intraperitoneal administration of the extracts in white mice invoked noticeable inhibitory effects on the in vivo development of secondary hydatid cysts. These effects were compared with those of albendazole sulfoxide, a commonly used treatment for hydatidosis.
{"title":"Effect of leaf extracts of Dendrosicyos socotrana and Jatropha unicostata on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces","authors":"Abdul Kadir R. A. Barzinji, R. Mothana, A. Nasher","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.16","url":null,"abstract":"The present work evaluates the effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Dendrosicyos socotrana and Jatropha unicostata on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro, and on the development of secondary hydatid cysts, in vivo. Three different concentrations of each leaf extract were used. Concentrations of 5000 and 1000 μg/mL, for D. socotrana and J. unicostata, respectively, exhibited the highest protoscolicidal activity, significantly reducing and/or stopping protoscolex viability. Oral and intraperitoneal administration of the extracts in white mice invoked noticeable inhibitory effects on the in vivo development of secondary hydatid cysts. These effects were compared with those of albendazole sulfoxide, a commonly used treatment for hydatidosis.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70596946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.12
S. Puvaneswari, K. Marimuthu, R. Karuppasamy, M. Haniffa
The present study investigated the embryonic and larval development of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis from fertilization until metamorphosis. The fully matured eggs and sperm were obtained by artificial insemination. The fertilized eggs were demersal, nonadhesive, spherical, and brownish green in color. The average diameter of the fertilized eggs ranged from 1.30 to 1.50 mm. The incubation period was from 23-24 h at an average temperature of 29±1°C. The newly hatched larvae were 2.5±0.2 mm in length. The yolk absorption was completed within three d after hatching. The aerial breathing behaviour of the larvae was observed 10 d after hatching. The larva resembled the adult in its external features and was metamorphosed to young juveniles within 20 d post-hatching.
{"title":"Early embryonic and larval development of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis","authors":"S. Puvaneswari, K. Marimuthu, R. Karuppasamy, M. Haniffa","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.12","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the embryonic and larval development of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis from fertilization until metamorphosis. The fully matured eggs and sperm were obtained by artificial insemination. The fertilized eggs were demersal, nonadhesive, spherical, and brownish green in color. The average diameter of the fertilized eggs ranged from 1.30 to 1.50 mm. The incubation period was from 23-24 h at an average temperature of 29±1°C. The newly hatched larvae were 2.5±0.2 mm in length. The yolk absorption was completed within three d after hatching. The aerial breathing behaviour of the larvae was observed 10 d after hatching. The larva resembled the adult in its external features and was metamorphosed to young juveniles within 20 d post-hatching.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70597112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.3
T. Boutraa
Production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is often limited by the low availability of soil phosphorus (P). Bean genotypes differ in their P efficiency, dry matter production and partitioning under low P availability. Two genotypes of bean were used in this study cv. Carioca (CNF 0554) with indeterminate growth habit (GH) and small seeds and cv. Prince (commercially available) with a determinate GH and large seeds. Plants were grown in a solution culture with either a non-limiting or low P supply and harvested at two occasions to measure dry matter production (DM), DM partitioning, and growth parameters. The determinate genotype produced a higher DM than the indeterminate genotype, due to the larger seeds. At low P supply increased the root dry weight and decreased the leaf and stem dry weight. No effect was detected on the total DM. The DM partitioning follows the same pattern as DM production. Carioca invests less dry matter in the stem, and more dry matter in the root. Low P availability also reduced the leaf area (LA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA). Growth was affected differently between the genotypes by low P. There was a reduction in relative growth rates (RGR) and net assimilation rates (NAR) for Carioca, but no effect was found in Prince. A genetic variation for P response exists in bean genotypes with different growth habits.
{"title":"Growth and carbon partitioning of two genotypes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown with low phosphorus availability","authors":"T. Boutraa","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.3","url":null,"abstract":"Production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is often limited by the low availability of soil phosphorus (P). Bean genotypes differ in their P efficiency, dry matter production and partitioning under low P availability. Two genotypes of bean were used in this study cv. Carioca (CNF 0554) with indeterminate growth habit (GH) and small seeds and cv. Prince (commercially available) with a determinate GH and large seeds. Plants were grown in a solution culture with either a non-limiting or low P supply and harvested at two occasions to measure dry matter production (DM), DM partitioning, and growth parameters. The determinate genotype produced a higher DM than the indeterminate genotype, due to the larger seeds. At low P supply increased the root dry weight and decreased the leaf and stem dry weight. No effect was detected on the total DM. The DM partitioning follows the same pattern as DM production. Carioca invests less dry matter in the stem, and more dry matter in the root. Low P availability also reduced the leaf area (LA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA). Growth was affected differently between the genotypes by low P. There was a reduction in relative growth rates (RGR) and net assimilation rates (NAR) for Carioca, but no effect was found in Prince. A genetic variation for P response exists in bean genotypes with different growth habits.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70597262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.10
D. Ganjewala, S. Sam, K. H. Khan
Here we report the biochemical composition and antibacterial activities of the leaves and flowers of four Lantana camara (Verbanaceae) plants with yellow, lavender, red, and white flowers. Three out of the four plants showed almost similar carbohydrates and lipid compositions. The levels of carbohydrates (mg/g dry weight) in the flowers were comparatively higher than in the leaves and the lipids content was relatively higher in the leaves except L. camara lavender and white. In lavender L. camara the amount of the total carbohydrates was very low. Proteins extracted from the leaves and flowers were subjected to electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of leaf proteins revealed similarity among L. camara yellow, red, and white flowers while that of flowers proteins showed similarity between L. camara yellow, lavender, red, and white. Extracts of leaves and flowers obtained with ethyl acetate were studied for antibacterial activities. Leaf and flower ethyl acetate extracts exhibited considerable antibacterial activities against the bacteria used where the value of zone of inhibition ranged from 10-21 and 9-15 mm, respectively. For flower and leaf ethyl acetate extracts, the zone of inhibition (mm) measured ranged from 10-21 and 9-15 mm, respectively. Thus, the study of the biochemical parameters viz., lipids, carbohydrates and proteins has revealed similarity among the four different L camara. However, antibacterial activities vary from one L. camara to the other and also according to the type of tissue used.
{"title":"Biochemical compositions and antibacterial activities of Lantana camara plants with yellow, lavender, red and white flowers","authors":"D. Ganjewala, S. Sam, K. H. Khan","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.10","url":null,"abstract":"Here we report the biochemical composition and antibacterial activities of the leaves and flowers of four Lantana camara (Verbanaceae) plants with yellow, lavender, red, and white flowers. Three out of the four plants showed almost similar carbohydrates and lipid compositions. The levels of carbohydrates (mg/g dry weight) in the flowers were comparatively higher than in the leaves and the lipids content was relatively higher in the leaves except L. camara lavender and white. In lavender L. camara the amount of the total carbohydrates was very low. Proteins extracted from the leaves and flowers were subjected to electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of leaf proteins revealed similarity among L. camara yellow, red, and white flowers while that of flowers proteins showed similarity between L. camara yellow, lavender, red, and white. Extracts of leaves and flowers obtained with ethyl acetate were studied for antibacterial activities. Leaf and flower ethyl acetate extracts exhibited considerable antibacterial activities against the bacteria used where the value of zone of inhibition ranged from 10-21 and 9-15 mm, respectively. For flower and leaf ethyl acetate extracts, the zone of inhibition (mm) measured ranged from 10-21 and 9-15 mm, respectively. Thus, the study of the biochemical parameters viz., lipids, carbohydrates and proteins has revealed similarity among the four different L camara. However, antibacterial activities vary from one L. camara to the other and also according to the type of tissue used.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70597035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.18
J. Hrenović, T. Ivankovic
The survival of two heterotrophic bacteria in conditions of various concentrations of NaCl was tested. Both bacteria can commonly enter marine environments through sewage or wastewater treatment plant effluents; the Escherichia coli is a common enteric bacterium and Acinetobacter junii is a phosphate-accumulating bacterium inhabiting activated sludge. When cultivated in nutrient rich media (COD 8700 mg O2 L -1 ), both bacteria were multiplying during 72 h at concentrations of NaCl up to 5% for E. coli and 3.5% for A. junii. Total die-off of E. coli was detected at 72 h by NaCl concentration of 20%. Total die-off of A. junii was detected at 72 h by NaCl concentration of 10%. When the same bacteria were cultured in nutrient depleted media (COD 90 mg O2 L -1 ), the multiplication of E. coli stopped at 3.5% of NaCl and higher, but the cells were able to survive for longer period of time at extreme NaCl concentrations of 20 and 30%. The negative influence of NaCl to A. junii was pronounced in conditions of organic matter shortage and rapid die-off was observed at 3.5% of NaCl and higher. Both bacteria seemed to be osmotolerant when cultured in nutrient-rich media, but not in nutrient-depleted media.
研究了两种异养菌在不同NaCl浓度条件下的存活率。这两种细菌通常可以通过污水或污水处理厂的流出物进入海洋环境;大肠杆菌是一种常见的肠道细菌，而朱尼不动杆菌是一种寄生在活性污泥中的磷酸盐积累菌。当在富营养化培养基(COD 8700 mg O2 L -1)中培养时，两种细菌在NaCl浓度分别为5%和3.5%时均能繁殖72 h。用浓度为20%的NaCl对大肠杆菌进行72 h的总死亡检测。在NaCl浓度为10%的条件下，对刺槐进行72 h的总死亡检测。当同样的细菌在缺乏营养的培养基(COD为90 mg O2 L -1)中培养时，当NaCl浓度为3.5%或更高时，大肠杆菌的增殖停止，但在极端NaCl浓度为20%和30%时，细胞能够存活更长的时间。在有机质不足的条件下，NaCl对刺槐的影响显著，在3.5%及以上NaCl处理下，刺槐快速死亡。两种细菌在营养丰富的培养基中培养时似乎都具有渗透性，而在营养贫乏的培养基中则没有。
{"title":"Survival of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter junii at various concentrations of sodium chloride","authors":"J. Hrenović, T. Ivankovic","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.18","url":null,"abstract":"The survival of two heterotrophic bacteria in conditions of various concentrations of NaCl was tested. Both bacteria can commonly enter marine environments through sewage or wastewater treatment plant effluents; the Escherichia coli is a common enteric bacterium and Acinetobacter junii is a phosphate-accumulating bacterium inhabiting activated sludge. When cultivated in nutrient rich media (COD 8700 mg O2 L -1 ), both bacteria were multiplying during 72 h at concentrations of NaCl up to 5% for E. coli and 3.5% for A. junii. Total die-off of E. coli was detected at 72 h by NaCl concentration of 20%. Total die-off of A. junii was detected at 72 h by NaCl concentration of 10%. When the same bacteria were cultured in nutrient depleted media (COD 90 mg O2 L -1 ), the multiplication of E. coli stopped at 3.5% of NaCl and higher, but the cells were able to survive for longer period of time at extreme NaCl concentrations of 20 and 30%. The negative influence of NaCl to A. junii was pronounced in conditions of organic matter shortage and rapid die-off was observed at 3.5% of NaCl and higher. Both bacteria seemed to be osmotolerant when cultured in nutrient-rich media, but not in nutrient-depleted media.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70597053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.4
S. Razavi, A. Ghasemiyan, Sakineh Salehi, Farahrouz Zahri
Zosima absinthifolia is a perennial herb which is distributed from Turkey to East Asia and Iran. It's fruits are used as a food spice in Iran and Turkey. In this work, we will study some biological activities of the fruits of the plant. The MTT assay indicated that methanol extract of the plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effects. In the DPPH assay, the extract showed high antioxidant potential with an RC50 value of 143.5 μg mL -1 . In the disc diffusion assay, the methanol extract was found to have a significant antibacterial effects against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts displayed phytotoxic properties in the lettuce assay.
苦艾草是一种多年生草本植物，分布于土耳其到东亚和伊朗。它的果实在伊朗和土耳其被用作食品香料。在这项工作中，我们将研究该植物果实的一些生物活性。MTT实验表明，甲醇提取物具有明显的细胞毒作用。DPPH实验显示，该提取物具有较高的抗氧化能力，RC50值为143.5 μg mL -1。在圆盘扩散实验中，甲醇提取物对蜡样芽孢杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌具有显著的抑菌作用。己烷、二氯甲烷和甲醇提取物在生菜试验中显示出植物毒性。
{"title":"Screening of biological activity of Zosima absinthifolia fruits extracts","authors":"S. Razavi, A. Ghasemiyan, Sakineh Salehi, Farahrouz Zahri","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.4","url":null,"abstract":"Zosima absinthifolia is a perennial herb which is distributed from Turkey to East Asia and Iran. It's fruits are used as a food spice in Iran and Turkey. In this work, we will study some biological activities of the fruits of the plant. The MTT assay indicated that methanol extract of the plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effects. In the DPPH assay, the extract showed high antioxidant potential with an RC50 value of 143.5 μg mL -1 . In the disc diffusion assay, the methanol extract was found to have a significant antibacterial effects against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts displayed phytotoxic properties in the lettuce assay.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70597346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.19
M. Shahid, Liaqat Ali, S. Andleeb
A novel type of circular single stranded satellite-like DNA, known as alphasatellite (formerly known as DNA 1, was recently characterized and demonstrated to be associated with the monopartite Begomoviruses. Alphasatellite components are satellite like single stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules associated with Begomoviruses (Geminiviridae) that require the betasatellite molecule to induce authentic disease symptoms in some hosts. Betasatellite is essential for induction of characteristic symptoms in plants. The function of alphasatellite in Begomovirus betasatellite infections remains unclear. It has been suggested that alphasatellite components may act to down regulate the virus infection by competing for cellular resources. Interestingly, they are closely related to the helper dependent Rep-encoding components of nanoviruses (a second family of single stranded, plant infecting DNA viruses), from which they are presumed to have been evolved. Alphasatellite molecules have two major sequence features. Firstly the component encodes a replication-associated protein (Rep), which is required to initiate the rolling circle replication. Consequently alphasatellite components are capable of self replication in host cells but require the helper Begomovirus to spread both within and between host plants. The second feature is a region of sequence rich in adenine (a-rich). To investigate the function of the a-rich sequence, this was deleted from the CLCuD alphasatellite by PCR mediated amplification. The a-rich deleted mutant of the alphasatellite remained capable of replication and systemic infection in plants, in the presence of a helper begomovirus. This indicates that the a-rich region is not required for replication or maintenance in plants.
{"title":"The function of the a-rich region of the alphasatellite associated with the cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan","authors":"M. Shahid, Liaqat Ali, S. Andleeb","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.19","url":null,"abstract":"A novel type of circular single stranded satellite-like DNA, known as alphasatellite (formerly known as DNA 1, was recently characterized and demonstrated to be associated with the monopartite Begomoviruses. Alphasatellite components are satellite like single stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules associated with Begomoviruses (Geminiviridae) that require the betasatellite molecule to induce authentic disease symptoms in some hosts. Betasatellite is essential for induction of characteristic symptoms in plants. The function of alphasatellite in Begomovirus betasatellite infections remains unclear. It has been suggested that alphasatellite components may act to down regulate the virus infection by competing for cellular resources. Interestingly, they are closely related to the helper dependent Rep-encoding components of nanoviruses (a second family of single stranded, plant infecting DNA viruses), from which they are presumed to have been evolved. Alphasatellite molecules have two major sequence features. Firstly the component encodes a replication-associated protein (Rep), which is required to initiate the rolling circle replication. Consequently alphasatellite components are capable of self replication in host cells but require the helper Begomovirus to spread both within and between host plants. The second feature is a region of sequence rich in adenine (a-rich). To investigate the function of the a-rich sequence, this was deleted from the CLCuD alphasatellite by PCR mediated amplification. The a-rich deleted mutant of the alphasatellite remained capable of replication and systemic infection in plants, in the presence of a helper begomovirus. This indicates that the a-rich region is not required for replication or maintenance in plants.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70597107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.15
K. H. Khan
Typhoid is endemic and in most developing countries remains a public health problem. Due to an increasing resistance to antibiotics and the limited scope of the vaccine the requirement is to explore the efficacy of natural plant products in the treatment of this disease. In this study we have evaluated the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula in connection with the oxidative stress generated in Swiss albino mice by Salmonella typhimurium. Mice pretreated through the oral route with the water extract of T. chebula at a dose of 500 mg/kg (T500) body wt for a period of 30 d exhibited a full protection against 1X10 5 Colony forming units (CFU) of S. typhimurium injected intraperitonially. Mice pretreated with T500 for a period of 30 d followed with 50000 CFU of S. typhimurium showed a decrease in Xanthine oxidase activity by 31% and an increase in both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity by 25% as compared to the infected saline treated control. The reduction in the oxidative stress indicated the effectiveness of the drug against S. typhimurium which can also be used against typhoid.
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