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The biochemical basis of shoot and fruit borer resistance in interspecific progenies of brinjal (Solanum melongena) 茄子(Solanum melongena)种间后代抗茎、果螟虫的生化基础
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.7
M. Prabhu, S. Natarajan, D. Veeraragavathatham, L. Pugalendhi
The biochemical basis of host plant resistance for shoot and fruit borer of brinjal was investigated using selected genotypes from the back crosses involving cultivated brinjal varieties and Solanum viarum. The different levels of biochemical constituents namely peroxidase, poly phenol oxidase, total phenols, and solasodine contents were observed in genotypes derived from inter-specific crosses and their parents. A higher level of polyphenol oxidase activity was observed in interspecific cross F 6 EP65 x S. viarum. There was a clear correlation between the levels of biochemical constituents and shoot and fruit borer incidence. This study showed the biochemical parameters responsible for the resistance but showed as well the development of superior genotypes with resistance to shoot and fruit borer.
利用栽培茄子品种与紫茄背交的部分基因型,研究了寄主植物对茄子茎、果螟虫抗性的生化基础。在种间杂交及其亲本的基因型中,观察到过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、总酚和茄碱等生化成分含量的不同水平。多酚氧化酶活性在f6 EP65与紫葡萄种间杂交中较高。生化成分水平与茎、果螟虫发病率有明显的相关性。本研究不仅揭示了产生抗性的生化参数,而且还发现了具有抗性的优良基因型的发育。
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引用次数: 26
Antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae grown on various agro-wastes 在不同农业废弃物上生长的阿魏侧耳的抑菌活性
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.8
M. Akyüz, S. Kırbağ
In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae grown on various agrowastes were investigated. The antimicrobial activity from the extract of P. eryngii var. ferulae which was obtained from various culture medium was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method by using Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Staphylococcus aureus COWAN 1, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae FMC 5, Candida albicans FMC 17, Candida glabrata ATCC 66032, Trichophyton spp., and Epidermophyton spp. At the end of the experimental studies, the methyl alcohol extracts of P. eryngii var. ferulae were shown to inhibit to different degrees the growth of microorganisms to (7.7-10.3 mm) also, mushroom extracts have a lower antimicrobial activity as to a comparison antibiotic (13.0-18.0 mm).
本研究以阿魏侧耳菇为研究对象,研究了其对不同种类苔藓菌的抑菌活性。采用圆盘扩散法,以巨芽孢杆菌DSM 32、金黄色葡萄球菌COWAN 1、大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、肺炎克雷伯菌FMC 5、白色念珠菌FMC 17、光秃念珠菌ATCC 66032、毛癣菌和表皮菌为菌株,对不同培养基中得到的阿威单胞菌提取物的抑菌活性进行了评价。阿魏假单胞菌甲醇提取物对微生物生长均有不同程度的抑制作用(7.7 ~ 10.3 mm),蘑菇提取物的抑菌活性低于对照抗生素(13.0 ~ 18.0 mm)。
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引用次数: 81
Effect of leaf extracts of Dendrosicyos socotrana and Jatropha unicostata on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces 石斛和麻疯树叶提取物对细粒棘球蚴原头节活力的影响
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.16
Abdul Kadir R. A. Barzinji, R. Mothana, A. Nasher
The present work evaluates the effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Dendrosicyos socotrana and Jatropha unicostata on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro, and on the development of secondary hydatid cysts, in vivo. Three different concentrations of each leaf extract were used. Concentrations of 5000 and 1000 μg/mL, for D. socotrana and J. unicostata, respectively, exhibited the highest protoscolicidal activity, significantly reducing and/or stopping protoscolex viability. Oral and intraperitoneal administration of the extracts in white mice invoked noticeable inhibitory effects on the in vivo development of secondary hydatid cysts. These effects were compared with those of albendazole sulfoxide, a commonly used treatment for hydatidosis.
本研究评估了水提液和甲醇提液在体外对细粒棘球蚴原头节活力的影响,以及在体内对继发性包虫囊肿发育的影响。每种叶子提取物使用三种不同浓度。在5000 μg/mL和1000 μg/mL浓度下,socotrana和jj . unicostata的原头节活性最高,可显著降低和/或停止原头节活性。口服和腹腔给药提取物对小鼠体内继发性包虫囊肿的发育有明显的抑制作用。这些效果与阿苯达唑亚砜比较,阿苯达唑亚砜是一种常用的治疗包虫病的药物。
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引用次数: 30
Early embryonic and larval development of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis 印度鲶鱼的早期胚胎和幼体发育,异鲶化石
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.12
S. Puvaneswari, K. Marimuthu, R. Karuppasamy, M. Haniffa
The present study investigated the embryonic and larval development of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis from fertilization until metamorphosis. The fully matured eggs and sperm were obtained by artificial insemination. The fertilized eggs were demersal, nonadhesive, spherical, and brownish green in color. The average diameter of the fertilized eggs ranged from 1.30 to 1.50 mm. The incubation period was from 23-24 h at an average temperature of 29±1°C. The newly hatched larvae were 2.5±0.2 mm in length. The yolk absorption was completed within three d after hatching. The aerial breathing behaviour of the larvae was observed 10 d after hatching. The larva resembled the adult in its external features and was metamorphosed to young juveniles within 20 d post-hatching.
本文研究了印度鲶鱼(Heteropneustes)化石从受精到变态的胚胎和幼虫发育过程。通过人工授精获得完全成熟的卵子和精子。受精卵是底栖的,不粘着的,球形的,棕绿色的。受精卵的平均直径为1.30至1.50毫米。孵育时间23 ~ 24 h,平均温度29±1℃。新孵化的幼虫体长2.5±0.2 mm。孵化后3 d内完成蛋黄吸收。在孵化10 d后观察幼虫的空中呼吸行为。幼虫外表特征与成虫相似,在孵化后20 d内蜕变为幼虫。
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引用次数: 74
Growth and carbon partitioning of two genotypes of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown with low phosphorus availability 低磷条件下两种基因型菜豆的生长和碳分配
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.3
T. Boutraa
Production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is often limited by the low availability of soil phosphorus (P). Bean genotypes differ in their P efficiency, dry matter production and partitioning under low P availability. Two genotypes of bean were used in this study cv. Carioca (CNF 0554) with indeterminate growth habit (GH) and small seeds and cv. Prince (commercially available) with a determinate GH and large seeds. Plants were grown in a solution culture with either a non-limiting or low P supply and harvested at two occasions to measure dry matter production (DM), DM partitioning, and growth parameters. The determinate genotype produced a higher DM than the indeterminate genotype, due to the larger seeds. At low P supply increased the root dry weight and decreased the leaf and stem dry weight. No effect was detected on the total DM. The DM partitioning follows the same pattern as DM production. Carioca invests less dry matter in the stem, and more dry matter in the root. Low P availability also reduced the leaf area (LA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA). Growth was affected differently between the genotypes by low P. There was a reduction in relative growth rates (RGR) and net assimilation rates (NAR) for Carioca, but no effect was found in Prince. A genetic variation for P response exists in bean genotypes with different growth habits.
土壤磷有效度低往往限制了菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris)的生产。在低磷有效度条件下,不同基因型的菜豆在磷效率、干物质生产和分配方面存在差异。本研究采用两种基因型大豆。Carioca (cnf0554)生长习性(GH)不确定,种子小,cv值低。王子(市售)具有确定的生长激素和大种子。植株在不限制或低磷供应的溶液培养中生长,并在两次收获中测量干物质产量(DM), DM分配和生长参数。由于种子较大,确定基因型比不确定基因型产生更高的DM。低磷处理增加了根系干重,降低了叶片和茎干重。没有检测到对总DM的影响。DM分区遵循与DM生产相同的模式。油菜在茎中投入的干物质较少,而在根中投入的干物质较多。低磷有效度还降低了叶片的叶面积、叶面积比和比叶面积。低磷对不同基因型的生长有不同的影响,降低了Carioca的相对生长率(RGR)和净同化率(NAR),而对Prince没有影响。不同生长习性的大豆基因型对磷的响应存在遗传变异。
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引用次数: 20
Biochemical compositions and antibacterial activities of Lantana camara plants with yellow, lavender, red and white flowers 黄、淡、红、白四种花的山楂植物的生化成分及抑菌活性
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.10
D. Ganjewala, S. Sam, K. H. Khan
Here we report the biochemical composition and antibacterial activities of the leaves and flowers of four Lantana camara (Verbanaceae) plants with yellow, lavender, red, and white flowers. Three out of the four plants showed almost similar carbohydrates and lipid compositions. The levels of carbohydrates (mg/g dry weight) in the flowers were comparatively higher than in the leaves and the lipids content was relatively higher in the leaves except L. camara lavender and white. In lavender L. camara the amount of the total carbohydrates was very low. Proteins extracted from the leaves and flowers were subjected to electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of leaf proteins revealed similarity among L. camara yellow, red, and white flowers while that of flowers proteins showed similarity between L. camara yellow, lavender, red, and white. Extracts of leaves and flowers obtained with ethyl acetate were studied for antibacterial activities. Leaf and flower ethyl acetate extracts exhibited considerable antibacterial activities against the bacteria used where the value of zone of inhibition ranged from 10-21 and 9-15 mm, respectively. For flower and leaf ethyl acetate extracts, the zone of inhibition (mm) measured ranged from 10-21 and 9-15 mm, respectively. Thus, the study of the biochemical parameters viz., lipids, carbohydrates and proteins has revealed similarity among the four different L camara. However, antibacterial activities vary from one L. camara to the other and also according to the type of tissue used.
本文报道了四种花为黄色、淡紫色、红色和白色的植物的叶和花的生化成分和抗菌活性。四种植物中有三种的碳水化合物和脂质成分几乎相似。花中碳水化合物含量(mg/g干重)均高于叶中,叶中脂质含量除金缕兰、薰衣草和白叶外均高于叶中。薰衣草的总碳水化合物含量很低。从叶和花中提取蛋白质进行电泳。叶片蛋白电泳结果显示,油菜黄、红、白花具有相似性,花蛋白电泳结果显示油菜黄、薰衣草、红、白花具有相似性。研究了乙酸乙酯提取液的抑菌活性。叶和花的乙酸乙酯提取物对所用细菌具有较强的抑菌活性,抑菌区分别为10 ~ 21 mm和9 ~ 15 mm。花和叶乙酸乙酯提取物的抑制区(mm)分别为10 ~ 21 mm和9 ~ 15 mm。因此,通过对脂质、碳水化合物和蛋白质等生化参数的研究,揭示了四种不同L camara的相似性。然而,抗菌活性各不相同,也取决于所使用的组织类型。
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引用次数: 115
Survival of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter junii at various concentrations of sodium chloride 大肠杆菌和朱尼不动杆菌在不同浓度氯化钠下的存活率
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.18
J. Hrenović, T. Ivankovic
The survival of two heterotrophic bacteria in conditions of various concentrations of NaCl was tested. Both bacteria can commonly enter marine environments through sewage or wastewater treatment plant effluents; the Escherichia coli is a common enteric bacterium and Acinetobacter junii is a phosphate-accumulating bacterium inhabiting activated sludge. When cultivated in nutrient rich media (COD 8700 mg O2 L -1 ), both bacteria were multiplying during 72 h at concentrations of NaCl up to 5% for E. coli and 3.5% for A. junii. Total die-off of E. coli was detected at 72 h by NaCl concentration of 20%. Total die-off of A. junii was detected at 72 h by NaCl concentration of 10%. When the same bacteria were cultured in nutrient depleted media (COD 90 mg O2 L -1 ), the multiplication of E. coli stopped at 3.5% of NaCl and higher, but the cells were able to survive for longer period of time at extreme NaCl concentrations of 20 and 30%. The negative influence of NaCl to A. junii was pronounced in conditions of organic matter shortage and rapid die-off was observed at 3.5% of NaCl and higher. Both bacteria seemed to be osmotolerant when cultured in nutrient-rich media, but not in nutrient-depleted media.
研究了两种异养菌在不同NaCl浓度条件下的存活率。这两种细菌通常可以通过污水或污水处理厂的流出物进入海洋环境;大肠杆菌是一种常见的肠道细菌,而朱尼不动杆菌是一种寄生在活性污泥中的磷酸盐积累菌。当在富营养化培养基(COD 8700 mg O2 L -1)中培养时,两种细菌在NaCl浓度分别为5%和3.5%时均能繁殖72 h。用浓度为20%的NaCl对大肠杆菌进行72 h的总死亡检测。在NaCl浓度为10%的条件下,对刺槐进行72 h的总死亡检测。当同样的细菌在缺乏营养的培养基(COD为90 mg O2 L -1)中培养时,当NaCl浓度为3.5%或更高时,大肠杆菌的增殖停止,但在极端NaCl浓度为20%和30%时,细胞能够存活更长的时间。在有机质不足的条件下,NaCl对刺槐的影响显著,在3.5%及以上NaCl处理下,刺槐快速死亡。两种细菌在营养丰富的培养基中培养时似乎都具有渗透性,而在营养贫乏的培养基中则没有。
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引用次数: 52
Screening of biological activity of Zosima absinthifolia fruits extracts 苦艾果提取物的生物活性筛选
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.4
S. Razavi, A. Ghasemiyan, Sakineh Salehi, Farahrouz Zahri
Zosima absinthifolia is a perennial herb which is distributed from Turkey to East Asia and Iran. It's fruits are used as a food spice in Iran and Turkey. In this work, we will study some biological activities of the fruits of the plant. The MTT assay indicated that methanol extract of the plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effects. In the DPPH assay, the extract showed high antioxidant potential with an RC50 value of 143.5 μg mL -1 . In the disc diffusion assay, the methanol extract was found to have a significant antibacterial effects against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts displayed phytotoxic properties in the lettuce assay.
苦艾草是一种多年生草本植物,分布于土耳其到东亚和伊朗。它的果实在伊朗和土耳其被用作食品香料。在这项工作中,我们将研究该植物果实的一些生物活性。MTT实验表明,甲醇提取物具有明显的细胞毒作用。DPPH实验显示,该提取物具有较高的抗氧化能力,RC50值为143.5 μg mL -1。在圆盘扩散实验中,甲醇提取物对蜡样芽孢杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌具有显著的抑菌作用。己烷、二氯甲烷和甲醇提取物在生菜试验中显示出植物毒性。
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引用次数: 18
The function of the a-rich region of the alphasatellite associated with the cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan 与巴基斯坦棉花卷叶病相关的α -卫星富a区功能
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.19
M. Shahid, Liaqat Ali, S. Andleeb
A novel type of circular single stranded satellite-like DNA, known as alphasatellite (formerly known as DNA 1, was recently characterized and demonstrated to be associated with the monopartite Begomoviruses. Alphasatellite components are satellite like single stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules associated with Begomoviruses (Geminiviridae) that require the betasatellite molecule to induce authentic disease symptoms in some hosts. Betasatellite is essential for induction of characteristic symptoms in plants. The function of alphasatellite in Begomovirus betasatellite infections remains unclear. It has been suggested that alphasatellite components may act to down regulate the virus infection by competing for cellular resources. Interestingly, they are closely related to the helper dependent Rep-encoding components of nanoviruses (a second family of single stranded, plant infecting DNA viruses), from which they are presumed to have been evolved. Alphasatellite molecules have two major sequence features. Firstly the component encodes a replication-associated protein (Rep), which is required to initiate the rolling circle replication. Consequently alphasatellite components are capable of self replication in host cells but require the helper Begomovirus to spread both within and between host plants. The second feature is a region of sequence rich in adenine (a-rich). To investigate the function of the a-rich sequence, this was deleted from the CLCuD alphasatellite by PCR mediated amplification. The a-rich deleted mutant of the alphasatellite remained capable of replication and systemic infection in plants, in the presence of a helper begomovirus. This indicates that the a-rich region is not required for replication or maintenance in plants.
一种新型的环状单链卫星状DNA,称为alphasatellite(以前称为DNA 1),最近被鉴定并证明与单一性begomovirus有关。α卫星成分是与Begomoviruses (Geminiviridae)相关的卫星状单链DNA (ssDNA)分子,它需要β卫星分子在某些宿主中诱导真正的疾病症状。betasatellate对于诱导植物的特征症状是必不可少的。乙型肝炎病毒感染中乙型肝炎病毒的功能尚不清楚。有人认为,α卫星成分可能通过竞争细胞资源来下调病毒感染。有趣的是,它们与纳米病毒(单链植物感染DNA病毒的第二个家族)依赖于辅助性rep编码成分密切相关,据推测它们是从后者进化而来的。Alphasatellite分子有两个主要的序列特征。首先,该成分编码复制相关蛋白(Rep),这是启动滚动圈复制所必需的。因此,α卫星成分能够在宿主细胞中自我复制,但需要辅助begomavirus在宿主植物内部和宿主植物之间传播。第二个特征是序列区域富含腺嘌呤(a-rich)。为了研究富含a的序列的功能,通过PCR介导扩增将其从CLCuD α卫星中删除。在辅助begomavirus存在的情况下,富含a的α卫星缺失突变体仍然能够在植物中复制和全身性感染。这表明富a区不需要在植物中进行复制或维持。
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引用次数: 6
The effect of regular intake of Terminalia chebula on oxidative stress in mice originated from Salmonella typhimurium 经常摄入慈心对鼠伤寒沙门菌小鼠氧化应激的影响
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.15
K. H. Khan
Typhoid is endemic and in most developing countries remains a public health problem. Due to an increasing resistance to antibiotics and the limited scope of the vaccine the requirement is to explore the efficacy of natural plant products in the treatment of this disease. In this study we have evaluated the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula in connection with the oxidative stress generated in Swiss albino mice by Salmonella typhimurium. Mice pretreated through the oral route with the water extract of T. chebula at a dose of 500 mg/kg (T500) body wt for a period of 30 d exhibited a full protection against 1X10 5 Colony forming units (CFU) of S. typhimurium injected intraperitonially. Mice pretreated with T500 for a period of 30 d followed with 50000 CFU of S. typhimurium showed a decrease in Xanthine oxidase activity by 31% and an increase in both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity by 25% as compared to the infected saline treated control. The reduction in the oxidative stress indicated the effectiveness of the drug against S. typhimurium which can also be used against typhoid.
伤寒是一种地方性疾病,在大多数发展中国家仍然是一个公共卫生问题。由于对抗生素的耐药性增加和疫苗的范围有限,需要探索天然植物产品在治疗这种疾病中的功效。在这项研究中,我们评估了与瑞士白化小鼠由鼠伤寒沙门菌产生的氧化应激的联系的桔黄水提取物。给小鼠以500 mg/kg (T500)体重的剂量口服chebula水提物预处理30 d,小鼠对腹腔注射的1 × 10 5菌落形成单位(CFU)有充分的保护作用。小鼠用T500预处理30 d,然后用50000 CFU的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,与感染的生理盐水处理对照相比,黄嘌呤氧化酶活性降低31%,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性均增加25%。氧化应激的降低表明该药物对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌有效,也可用于治疗伤寒。
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引用次数: 23
期刊
Eurasian Journal of Biosciences
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