A. Hierro, G. Tabares, M. López-Ponce, J. Ulloa, A. Kurtz, E. Muñoz, V. Marín-Borrás, V. Muñoz-Sanjosé, J. Chauveau
Detecting the UV part of the spectrum is fundamental for a wide range of applications where ZnMgO has the potential to play a central role. The shortest achievable wavelength is a function of the Mg content in the films, which in turn is dependent on the growth technique. Moreover, increasing Mg contents lead to an electrical compensation of the films, which directly affects the responsivity of the photodetectors. In addition, the metal-semiconductor interface and the presence of grain boundaries have a direct impact on the responsivity through different gain mechanisms. In this work, we review the development of ZnMgO UV Schottky photodiodes using molecular beam epitaxy and spray pyrolysis, and we analyze and compare the physical mechanisms underlying the photodetector behavior.
{"title":"ZnMgO-based UV photodiodes: a comparison of films grown by spray pyrolysis and MBE","authors":"A. Hierro, G. Tabares, M. López-Ponce, J. Ulloa, A. Kurtz, E. Muñoz, V. Marín-Borrás, V. Muñoz-Sanjosé, J. Chauveau","doi":"10.1117/12.2213697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2213697","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting the UV part of the spectrum is fundamental for a wide range of applications where ZnMgO has the potential to play a central role. The shortest achievable wavelength is a function of the Mg content in the films, which in turn is dependent on the growth technique. Moreover, increasing Mg contents lead to an electrical compensation of the films, which directly affects the responsivity of the photodetectors. In addition, the metal-semiconductor interface and the presence of grain boundaries have a direct impact on the responsivity through different gain mechanisms. In this work, we review the development of ZnMgO UV Schottky photodiodes using molecular beam epitaxy and spray pyrolysis, and we analyze and compare the physical mechanisms underlying the photodetector behavior.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117007261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Reboud, B. Blampey, P. Gindre, O. Dubray, D. Fowler, O. Lemonnier, E. Grellier, M. Fournier, Y. Thonnart, S. Bernabé
We study the optical performances of microring resonator modulators fabricated on 200 mm SOI wafers to select the ring resonator modulators for targeted ONoC and optical interposer applications. Counter-doped ring resonator modulators were fabricated to guarantee the absence of unexpected p-i-n junctions in the ring waveguide due to overlay misalignments inherent to successive fabrication steps. The fabricated add-drop ring resonator modulators showed good DC performances with a VπL at 1.55 V.cm. Finally, ultra-low loss waveguides were realized to allow long distance data transport on photonic chips.
{"title":"Experimental study of silicon ring resonators and ultra-low losses waveguides for efficient silicon optical interposers","authors":"V. Reboud, B. Blampey, P. Gindre, O. Dubray, D. Fowler, O. Lemonnier, E. Grellier, M. Fournier, Y. Thonnart, S. Bernabé","doi":"10.1117/12.2212665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212665","url":null,"abstract":"We study the optical performances of microring resonator modulators fabricated on 200 mm SOI wafers to select the ring resonator modulators for targeted ONoC and optical interposer applications. Counter-doped ring resonator modulators were fabricated to guarantee the absence of unexpected p-i-n junctions in the ring waveguide due to overlay misalignments inherent to successive fabrication steps. The fabricated add-drop ring resonator modulators showed good DC performances with a VπL at 1.55 V.cm. Finally, ultra-low loss waveguides were realized to allow long distance data transport on photonic chips.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116276048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunyan Zhang, M. Aagesen, A. Sánchez, Jiang Wu, R. Beanland, T. Ward, Dongyoung Kim, P. Jurczak, S. Huo, Huiyun Liu
Self-catalyzed GaAsP nanowires (NWs) have a band gap that is capable of covering the working wavelengths from green to infrared. However, the difficulties in controlling P and the complexities of the growth of ternary NWs make it challenging to fabricate them. In this work, self-catalyzed GaAsP NWs were successfully grown on Si substrates by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy and demonstrated almost stacking fault free zinc blend crystal structure, Growth of high-quality shell has been realized on the core NWs. In the shell, a quasi-3-fold composition symmetry has been observed for the first time. Moreover, these growth techniques have been successfully applied for growth on patterned Si substrates after some creative modifications such as high-temperature substrate cleaning and Ga pre-deposition. These results open up new perspectives for integrating III−V nanowire photovoltaics and visible light emitters on the silicon platform using self-catalyzed GaAsP core−shell nanowires.
{"title":"Growth of high-quality self-catalyzed core-shell GaAsP nanowires on Si substrates","authors":"Yunyan Zhang, M. Aagesen, A. Sánchez, Jiang Wu, R. Beanland, T. Ward, Dongyoung Kim, P. Jurczak, S. Huo, Huiyun Liu","doi":"10.1117/12.2210983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2210983","url":null,"abstract":"Self-catalyzed GaAsP nanowires (NWs) have a band gap that is capable of covering the working wavelengths from green to infrared. However, the difficulties in controlling P and the complexities of the growth of ternary NWs make it challenging to fabricate them. In this work, self-catalyzed GaAsP NWs were successfully grown on Si substrates by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy and demonstrated almost stacking fault free zinc blend crystal structure, Growth of high-quality shell has been realized on the core NWs. In the shell, a quasi-3-fold composition symmetry has been observed for the first time. Moreover, these growth techniques have been successfully applied for growth on patterned Si substrates after some creative modifications such as high-temperature substrate cleaning and Ga pre-deposition. These results open up new perspectives for integrating III−V nanowire photovoltaics and visible light emitters on the silicon platform using self-catalyzed GaAsP core−shell nanowires.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127374489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents an integrated closed-loop driving circuit for previously reported PZT resonant micro-mirrors, which is based on embedded capacitive position sensors for minimizing the system footprint. Signals with a high SNR of 84 dB were measured, when the mechanical scan angle of the micro-mirror was 2◦, so that high controlling resolution of 14 bit for the complete motion range of the mirror is enabled. The total power consumption of the closed-loop system is only 0.86mW. Measurement results of the closed-loop driven micromirror system are presented, demonstrating its competitiveness due to the great reliability, high precision and low-power consumption. Additionally, the implementation and performance of a self-resonant loop is discussed. Finally, the fabrication, temperature dependency and performance of embedded capacitive position sensors for single and dual axis PZT resonant micro-mirrors is evaluated and presented.
{"title":"Low power and highly precise closed-loop driving circuits for piezoelectric micromirrors with embedded capacitive position sensors","authors":"S. Rombach, M. Marx, S. Gu-Stoppel, Y. Manoli","doi":"10.1117/12.2209573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2209573","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents an integrated closed-loop driving circuit for previously reported PZT resonant micro-mirrors, which is based on embedded capacitive position sensors for minimizing the system footprint. Signals with a high SNR of 84 dB were measured, when the mechanical scan angle of the micro-mirror was 2◦, so that high controlling resolution of 14 bit for the complete motion range of the mirror is enabled. The total power consumption of the closed-loop system is only 0.86mW. Measurement results of the closed-loop driven micromirror system are presented, demonstrating its competitiveness due to the great reliability, high precision and low-power consumption. Additionally, the implementation and performance of a self-resonant loop is discussed. Finally, the fabrication, temperature dependency and performance of embedded capacitive position sensors for single and dual axis PZT resonant micro-mirrors is evaluated and presented.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125688265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Roussey, P. Karvinen, M. Häyrinen, S. Honkanen, M. Kuittinen
We present the experimental demonstration of a strip loaded waveguide on crystalline lithium niobate thin film. The structure consists in a 1 μm-wide and 200 nm-thick titanium dioxide strip waveguide on a 700 nm lithium niobate slab waveguide. It operates at the telecom wavelength for a TE-polarized light.
{"title":"Strip loaded waveguide on lithium niobate thin films","authors":"M. Roussey, P. Karvinen, M. Häyrinen, S. Honkanen, M. Kuittinen","doi":"10.1117/12.2212286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212286","url":null,"abstract":"We present the experimental demonstration of a strip loaded waveguide on crystalline lithium niobate thin film. The structure consists in a 1 μm-wide and 200 nm-thick titanium dioxide strip waveguide on a 700 nm lithium niobate slab waveguide. It operates at the telecom wavelength for a TE-polarized light.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130685647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The micromechanical digital micromirror device (DMD) performs as a spatial light modulator to shape the light wavefront. Different from the liquid crystal devices, which use the birefringence to modulate the light wave, the DMD regulates the wavefront through an amplitude modulation with the digitally controlled mirrors switched on and off. The advantages of such device are the fast speed, polarization insensitivity, and the broadband modulation ability. The fast switching ability for the DMD not only enables the shaping of static light mode, but also could dynamically compensate for the wavefront distortion due to scattering medium. We have employed such device to create the higher order modes, including the Laguerre-Gaussian, Hermite-Gaussian, as well as Mathieu modes. There exists another kind of beam with shape-preservation against propagation, and self-healing against obstacles. Representative modes are the Bessel modes, Airy modes, and the Pearcey modes. Since the DMD modulates the light intensity, a series of algorithms are developed to calculate proper amplitude hologram for shaping the light. The quasi-continuous gray scale images could imitate the continuous amplitude hologram, while the binary amplitude modulation is another means to create the modulation pattern for a steady light field. We demonstrate the generation of the non-diffracting beams with the binary amplitude modulation via the DMD, and successfully created the non-diffracting Bessel beam, Airy beam, and the Pearcey beam. We have characterized the non-diffracting modes through propagation measurements as well as the self-healing measurements.
{"title":"Shaping non-diffracting beams with a digital micromirror device","authors":"Y. Ren, Zhao-Xiang Fang, Rongde Lu","doi":"10.1117/12.2208108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2208108","url":null,"abstract":"The micromechanical digital micromirror device (DMD) performs as a spatial light modulator to shape the light wavefront. Different from the liquid crystal devices, which use the birefringence to modulate the light wave, the DMD regulates the wavefront through an amplitude modulation with the digitally controlled mirrors switched on and off. The advantages of such device are the fast speed, polarization insensitivity, and the broadband modulation ability. The fast switching ability for the DMD not only enables the shaping of static light mode, but also could dynamically compensate for the wavefront distortion due to scattering medium. We have employed such device to create the higher order modes, including the Laguerre-Gaussian, Hermite-Gaussian, as well as Mathieu modes. There exists another kind of beam with shape-preservation against propagation, and self-healing against obstacles. Representative modes are the Bessel modes, Airy modes, and the Pearcey modes. Since the DMD modulates the light intensity, a series of algorithms are developed to calculate proper amplitude hologram for shaping the light. The quasi-continuous gray scale images could imitate the continuous amplitude hologram, while the binary amplitude modulation is another means to create the modulation pattern for a steady light field. We demonstrate the generation of the non-diffracting beams with the binary amplitude modulation via the DMD, and successfully created the non-diffracting Bessel beam, Airy beam, and the Pearcey beam. We have characterized the non-diffracting modes through propagation measurements as well as the self-healing measurements.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131332169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
First introduced in the 1990's, miniature optical spectrometers were compact, portable devices brought on the market by the desire to move from time-consuming lab-based analyses to on-field and in situ measurements. This goal of getting spectroscopy into the hands of non-specialists is driving current technical and application developments, the ultimate goal being, in a far future, the integration of a spectrometer into a smartphone or any other smart device (tablet, watch, …). In this article, we present the results of our study on the evolution of the compact spectrometers market towards widespread industrial use and consumer applications. Presently, the main market of compact spectrometers remains academic labs. However, they have been adopted on some industrial applications such as optical source characterization (mainly laser and LEDs). In a near future, manufacturers of compact spectrometers target the following industrial applications: agriculture crop monitoring, food process control or pharmaceuticals quality control. Next steps will be to get closer to the consumer market with point-of-care applications such as glucose detection for diabetics, for example. To reach these objectives, technological breakthroughs will be necessary. Recent progresses have already allowed the release of micro-spectrometers. They take advantage of new micro-technologies such as MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems), MOEMS (Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems), micro-mirrors arrays to reduce cost and size while allowing good performance and high volume manufacturability. Integrated photonics is being investigated for future developments. It will also require new business models and new market approaches. Indeed, spreading spectroscopy to more industrial and consumer applications will require spectrometers manufacturers to get closer to the end-users and develop application-oriented products.
{"title":"Mini and micro spectrometers pave the way to on-field advanced analytics","authors":"C. Bouyé, H. Kolb, B. d'Humières","doi":"10.1117/12.2212384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212384","url":null,"abstract":"First introduced in the 1990's, miniature optical spectrometers were compact, portable devices brought on the market by the desire to move from time-consuming lab-based analyses to on-field and in situ measurements. This goal of getting spectroscopy into the hands of non-specialists is driving current technical and application developments, the ultimate goal being, in a far future, the integration of a spectrometer into a smartphone or any other smart device (tablet, watch, …). In this article, we present the results of our study on the evolution of the compact spectrometers market towards widespread industrial use and consumer applications. Presently, the main market of compact spectrometers remains academic labs. However, they have been adopted on some industrial applications such as optical source characterization (mainly laser and LEDs). In a near future, manufacturers of compact spectrometers target the following industrial applications: agriculture crop monitoring, food process control or pharmaceuticals quality control. Next steps will be to get closer to the consumer market with point-of-care applications such as glucose detection for diabetics, for example. To reach these objectives, technological breakthroughs will be necessary. Recent progresses have already allowed the release of micro-spectrometers. They take advantage of new micro-technologies such as MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems), MOEMS (Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems), micro-mirrors arrays to reduce cost and size while allowing good performance and high volume manufacturability. Integrated photonics is being investigated for future developments. It will also require new business models and new market approaches. Indeed, spreading spectroscopy to more industrial and consumer applications will require spectrometers manufacturers to get closer to the end-users and develop application-oriented products.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131678858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data center (DC) and high performance computing (HPC) applications have traditionally used a combination of copper, multimode fiber and single-mode fiber interconnects with relative percentages that depend on factors such as the line rate, reach and connectivity costs. The balance between these transmission media has increasingly shifted towards optical fiber due to the reach constraints of copper at data rates of 10 Gb/s and higher. The percentage of single-mode fiber deployed in the DC has also grown slightly since 2014, coinciding with the emergence of mega DCs with extended distance needs beyond 100 m. This trend will likely continue in the next few years as DCs expand their capacity from 100G to 400G, increase the physical size of their facilities and begin to utilize silicon-photonics transceiver technology. However there is a still a need for the low-cost and high-density connectivity, and this is sustaining the deployment of multimode fiber for links ≤ 100 m. In this paper, we discuss options for single-mode and multimode fibers in DCs and HPCs and introduce a reduced diameter multimode fiber concept which provides intra-and inter-rack connectivity as well as compatibility with silicon-photonic transceivers operating at 1310 nm. We also discuss the trade-offs between single-mode fiber attributes such as bend-insensitivity, attenuation and mode field diameter and their roles in capacity and connectivity in data centers.
{"title":"Multimode and single-mode fibers for data center and high-performance computing applications","authors":"S. Bickham","doi":"10.1117/12.2217882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217882","url":null,"abstract":"Data center (DC) and high performance computing (HPC) applications have traditionally used a combination of copper, multimode fiber and single-mode fiber interconnects with relative percentages that depend on factors such as the line rate, reach and connectivity costs. The balance between these transmission media has increasingly shifted towards optical fiber due to the reach constraints of copper at data rates of 10 Gb/s and higher. The percentage of single-mode fiber deployed in the DC has also grown slightly since 2014, coinciding with the emergence of mega DCs with extended distance needs beyond 100 m. This trend will likely continue in the next few years as DCs expand their capacity from 100G to 400G, increase the physical size of their facilities and begin to utilize silicon-photonics transceiver technology. However there is a still a need for the low-cost and high-density connectivity, and this is sustaining the deployment of multimode fiber for links ≤ 100 m. In this paper, we discuss options for single-mode and multimode fibers in DCs and HPCs and introduce a reduced diameter multimode fiber concept which provides intra-and inter-rack connectivity as well as compatibility with silicon-photonic transceivers operating at 1310 nm. We also discuss the trade-offs between single-mode fiber attributes such as bend-insensitivity, attenuation and mode field diameter and their roles in capacity and connectivity in data centers.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126361894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ogura, K. Yashiki, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Y. Hagihara, Takahiro Nakamura, K. Kurata
This paper focuses on latest progress in experimental and theoretical studies on silicon-based carrier-depletion PN-junction phase shifters in terms of high modulation efficiency for energy-efficient photonic networks of high transmission capacity. Modulation efficiency of rib-waveguide phase shifters having various PN-junction configuration are characterized with respect to DC figure of merit defined for phase shifters using carrier-plasma dispersion as the physical principle of refractive-index modulation. In addition, RF drive voltage required for 10-Gb/s on-off keying is characterized for rib-waveguide phase shifters including lateral and vertical PN-junction configurations.
{"title":"A chip scale optical Tx/Rx based on silicon photonics from views of multi-mode transmission","authors":"I. Ogura, K. Yashiki, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Y. Hagihara, Takahiro Nakamura, K. Kurata","doi":"10.1117/12.2213710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2213710","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on latest progress in experimental and theoretical studies on silicon-based carrier-depletion PN-junction phase shifters in terms of high modulation efficiency for energy-efficient photonic networks of high transmission capacity. Modulation efficiency of rib-waveguide phase shifters having various PN-junction configuration are characterized with respect to DC figure of merit defined for phase shifters using carrier-plasma dispersion as the physical principle of refractive-index modulation. In addition, RF drive voltage required for 10-Gb/s on-off keying is characterized for rib-waveguide phase shifters including lateral and vertical PN-junction configurations.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121253293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Magnusson, Manoj Niraula, J. Yoon, Y. Ko, K. Lee
The guided-mode resonance (GMR) concept refers to lateral quasi-guided waveguide modes induced in periodic layers. Whereas these effects have been known for a long time, new attributes and innovations continue to appear. Here, we review some recent progress in this field with emphasis on sparse, or minimal, device embodiments. We discuss properties of wideband resonant reflectors designed with gratings in which the grating ridges are matched to an identical material to eliminate local reflections and phase changes. This critical interface therefore possesses zero refractive-index contrast; hence we call them “zero-contrast gratings.” Applying this architecture, we present single-layer, wideband reflectors that are robust under experimentally realistic parametric variations. We introduce a new class of reflectors and polarizers fashioned with dielectric nanowire grids that are mostly empty space. Computed results predict high reflection and attendant polarization extinction for these sparse lattices. Experimental verification with Si nanowire grids yields ~200-nm-wide band of high reflection for one polarization state and free transmission of the orthogonal state. Finally, we present bandpass filters using all-dielectric resonant gratings. We design, fabricate, and test nanostructured single layer filters exhibiting high efficiency and sub-nanometer-wide passbands surrounded by 100-nm-wide stopbands.
{"title":"Guided-mode resonance nanophotonics in materially sparse architectures","authors":"R. Magnusson, Manoj Niraula, J. Yoon, Y. Ko, K. Lee","doi":"10.1117/12.2211687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2211687","url":null,"abstract":"The guided-mode resonance (GMR) concept refers to lateral quasi-guided waveguide modes induced in periodic layers. Whereas these effects have been known for a long time, new attributes and innovations continue to appear. Here, we review some recent progress in this field with emphasis on sparse, or minimal, device embodiments. We discuss properties of wideband resonant reflectors designed with gratings in which the grating ridges are matched to an identical material to eliminate local reflections and phase changes. This critical interface therefore possesses zero refractive-index contrast; hence we call them “zero-contrast gratings.” Applying this architecture, we present single-layer, wideband reflectors that are robust under experimentally realistic parametric variations. We introduce a new class of reflectors and polarizers fashioned with dielectric nanowire grids that are mostly empty space. Computed results predict high reflection and attendant polarization extinction for these sparse lattices. Experimental verification with Si nanowire grids yields ~200-nm-wide band of high reflection for one polarization state and free transmission of the orthogonal state. Finally, we present bandpass filters using all-dielectric resonant gratings. We design, fabricate, and test nanostructured single layer filters exhibiting high efficiency and sub-nanometer-wide passbands surrounded by 100-nm-wide stopbands.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121849644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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