Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.1177/00145858231175143
M. Sinha, Pratyush Bibhakar
While the project of the European Union (EU) incorporated gender equality as one of its foundational objectives and its institutions have been mandated to integrate gender equality into all of their policy areas, the EU has fallen short of materializing these objectives. Gender inequality at the EU level is perpetuated through a process in which the EU, as a structure anchored in economic considerations, interfaces with androcentric institutions and member states. This substantially determines the policy instruments, tools and mechanisms within and outside its periphery, rendering ‘gender’ to be co-opted, secondary and subdued policy areas. While the discourse on gender equality policy has evolved through ‘equal opportunity’, ‘positive action’ and ‘gender mainstreaming’ approaches, the policies mostly focus on auxiliary benefits such as maternity leave, childcare services and part-time work, aiming to assist women in reconciling their work and life situations. These benefits do not substantially transform conventional gender roles within the family or at the social-economic and political levels, which to a large extent perpetuate gender inequality at large. This article analyses the trajectory of gender equality policy at the EU, the inherent factors and processes that constantly define and determine it and how it implicates the larger EU policy discourse. Using a feminist standpoint, the article explores the extent to which the new female leadership in the EU has prioritized and problematized gender equality with corresponding initiatives and actions, and the major challenges it may face in contemporary times in order to meet its objectives. To this end, some existing labour market and family policies are taken up as case studies. Various EU policy documents, key EIGE reports, press releases and other existing literature have been used as reference points for the analysis.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.1177/00145858231180144
Mark Pietralunga
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Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00145858231177066
Loredana Polezzi
Methods, objects and subjects My contribution to this forum on “Practices of Belonging” has a double focus. On the one hand, it concentrates on the multiple trajectories that histories of migration trace as they cross and re-cross the Atlantic, connecting the history of Italy and the US, in particular, via the stories of multiple departures and returns. On the other, it asks what it means to research material which is close to one’s own subjective experience and personal history, or what “positionality” means when we are faced with the political, ethical, and affective demands of migrant narratives. There is a tension, inherent in working with the stories, the narratives of others’ lives, which often also implicate our own. In that tension, becoming conscious of our own implications (Rothberg, 2019), we both make and unmake our practices as “experts,” “scholars,” “specialists”—and we also build and dismantle our “authority.” Similarly, reflecting on these issues has two intersecting purposes. It aims to contribute to ongoing discussion about research method and research positioning in the field of Modern Languages, conjoining questions about the role of translation and (auto)ethnography in disciplinary research practices (Burdett et al., 2020; Wells et al., 2019) with observations on the way personal experience and ethical choices influence how we select, carry out, and narrate our investigations (Pugliese, 2019; Ricatti, 2022; Spadaro, 2020). At the same time, I intend to discuss the mobility of cultural products by following the complex, non-linear translational layering of production, circulation, and reception processes—what Felce (2021) calls “multitudinous translation”—and how that mobility, which is at the heart of a transnational approach to Italian culture (Bond, 2014; Burdett and Polezzi, 2020), can help us to overcome the silos structure and the hierarchies implicit in labels such as “Italian Studies,” “Italian American Studies,” and other such formulas. In this sense, it is also important to remember that
{"title":"Translating, repositioning, reframing: On the transatlantic routes of objects and memories","authors":"Loredana Polezzi","doi":"10.1177/00145858231177066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00145858231177066","url":null,"abstract":"Methods, objects and subjects My contribution to this forum on “Practices of Belonging” has a double focus. On the one hand, it concentrates on the multiple trajectories that histories of migration trace as they cross and re-cross the Atlantic, connecting the history of Italy and the US, in particular, via the stories of multiple departures and returns. On the other, it asks what it means to research material which is close to one’s own subjective experience and personal history, or what “positionality” means when we are faced with the political, ethical, and affective demands of migrant narratives. There is a tension, inherent in working with the stories, the narratives of others’ lives, which often also implicate our own. In that tension, becoming conscious of our own implications (Rothberg, 2019), we both make and unmake our practices as “experts,” “scholars,” “specialists”—and we also build and dismantle our “authority.” Similarly, reflecting on these issues has two intersecting purposes. It aims to contribute to ongoing discussion about research method and research positioning in the field of Modern Languages, conjoining questions about the role of translation and (auto)ethnography in disciplinary research practices (Burdett et al., 2020; Wells et al., 2019) with observations on the way personal experience and ethical choices influence how we select, carry out, and narrate our investigations (Pugliese, 2019; Ricatti, 2022; Spadaro, 2020). At the same time, I intend to discuss the mobility of cultural products by following the complex, non-linear translational layering of production, circulation, and reception processes—what Felce (2021) calls “multitudinous translation”—and how that mobility, which is at the heart of a transnational approach to Italian culture (Bond, 2014; Burdett and Polezzi, 2020), can help us to overcome the silos structure and the hierarchies implicit in labels such as “Italian Studies,” “Italian American Studies,” and other such formulas. In this sense, it is also important to remember that","PeriodicalId":12355,"journal":{"name":"Forum Italicum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44686235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00145858231172781
S. Ziolkowski
This article examines Italian ghetto stories, which are distinguished by confusions of time, continuities, tourism, reflections on collective identities, and movements in and out, in order to outline one potential literary history. In contrast to German-language and Anglophone literary ghettos, Italian ones are generally absent as a critical category from literary debates, though they appear in works by Leon Modena, Israel Zangwill, Rainer Maria Rilke, Umberto Saba, Giorgio Bassani, Elsa Morante, Caryl Phillips, and Igiaba Scego, among others. A transnational approach can bring together works that have not been considered collectively because of disciplinary formations. Italian ghetto fictions expose the disheartening continuities of prejudice and, relatedly, have generally not been considered together because of restrictive ideas about the nation as an organizing principle.
{"title":"Italian ghetto stories: Toward a transnational literary history","authors":"S. Ziolkowski","doi":"10.1177/00145858231172781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00145858231172781","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Italian ghetto stories, which are distinguished by confusions of time, continuities, tourism, reflections on collective identities, and movements in and out, in order to outline one potential literary history. In contrast to German-language and Anglophone literary ghettos, Italian ones are generally absent as a critical category from literary debates, though they appear in works by Leon Modena, Israel Zangwill, Rainer Maria Rilke, Umberto Saba, Giorgio Bassani, Elsa Morante, Caryl Phillips, and Igiaba Scego, among others. A transnational approach can bring together works that have not been considered collectively because of disciplinary formations. Italian ghetto fictions expose the disheartening continuities of prejudice and, relatedly, have generally not been considered together because of restrictive ideas about the nation as an organizing principle.","PeriodicalId":12355,"journal":{"name":"Forum Italicum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47023498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1177/00145858231172925
Andrea Ciribuco
Near the end of his life, linguist and anthropologist Jan Blommaert gave an interview where he looked back at his career, and at what he had learned about the role of language in society. Talking about his time as a university student in 1980s Belgium, he tells an anecdote that I have started to mention often in my classes. Blommaert recalls opening a book of ‘useful’ phrases in five African languages, as an eager student, just to find phrases like ‘get my car out of the mud’, ‘get your boss’ or ‘lazy people will be punished’ (Docwerkers, 2021). The book, written under the pretence of helping beginners learn new languages, was obviously steeped in a colonial mentality: its intended readers were students of languages, but they were also expected to hold political and economic power over the native speakers of the languages themselves. I have come to use Blommaert’s anecdote to discuss with my students (potentially, future language professionals) how any use of language is never ‘innocent’ and never disconnected from relations of power within and across societies. In specific contexts, speakers of certain languages (like English or Spanish) have socio-economic advantages over speakers of other languages (like Wolof or Quechua). Many languages have standard varieties and/or high prestige accents which afford concrete advantages to their users. That ‘is a problem not just of difference, but of inequality’ (Blommaert, 2010: 3). Language, in fact, holds the power to reinforce or subvert the architecture of society. My role as a teacher and researcher in Italian studies depends largely on the perceived ‘usefulness’ of my native language in a global marketplace, together with the perceived ‘importance’ of certain canonical works of Italian literature and art. My very status as a native speaker of Italian rests partly on my linguistic proficiency, and partly on sociopolitical divides. The phrase ‘native speaker’ is partly a descriptor of linguistic profiles and partly ‘a personification of the safeguards of unity and continuity that are lodged at critical epistemic boundaries – the boundaries between languages to be exact’ (Chow, 2014: 58). The concept of ‘native speaker’ is often used, for example, to exclude individuals from former colonies from the teaching of English, as several scholars have noted (Canagarajah, 2012; Holliday, 2006). In my case, being a white man with
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Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1177/00145858231172186
Alessandro Giammei
The philosophy of practice does not aim at the peaceful resolution of existing contradictions in history and society but is rather the very theory of these contradictions.
实践哲学不是为了和平解决历史和社会中现存的矛盾，而是这些矛盾的理论。
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Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1177/00145858231172782
Cristina Lombardi-Diop
My position on Italy, Italian studies, and the future of the discipline focuses on the method of two recent ‘ turns ’ in Italian studies, the postcolonial turn and the transnational turn, pertinent to the study of Italy and migrant mobility. It is my contention that the discipline, in its institutional discourse and material practices has promoted their relevance unevenly
{"title":"Postcolonial studies under erasure: The politics of the transnational in Italian studies","authors":"Cristina Lombardi-Diop","doi":"10.1177/00145858231172782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00145858231172782","url":null,"abstract":"My position on Italy, Italian studies, and the future of the discipline focuses on the method of two recent ‘ turns ’ in Italian studies, the postcolonial turn and the transnational turn, pertinent to the study of Italy and migrant mobility. It is my contention that the discipline, in its institutional discourse and material practices has promoted their relevance unevenly","PeriodicalId":12355,"journal":{"name":"Forum Italicum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43975956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1177/00145858231172926
Annika Dahlman, Derek Duncan, Lauren Elliot, Mathilde Lyons, Cara O’Dwyer
What follows is a collective reflection by a tutor and students on the most recent version of a pedagogical project which has morphed and developed according to the rapid development of the disciplinary fields in which it is situated and the increasing availability and diversity of relevant primary texts and critical resources. ‘Black Italians’ is a onesemester long module offered to advanced students as an optional element in degree programmes in Italian at the University of St Andrews. It is one element of a four-year programme covering aspects of Italian culture from the Middle Ages to the present day, and its particular methodology and thematic focus builds on the mandatory study of authors such as Igiaba Scego and Primo Levi in the first two years of the programme. Devised and taught by Derek Duncan, the module is delivered in English in a series of seminars that investigate how ever malleable definitions of ‘Blackness’ have operated as powerful and flexible strategies of often violent erasure and exclusion at three defining historical moments for Italy from the late-19th century to the present day. Other modules at this level focus on cultures of diaspora, migration, and colonialism and interrogate similar, but not identical, histories and expressions of diversity. ‘Black Italians’ foregrounds race – its defining parameters and contested lived experience. The co-presence of these other modules explains some choices of emphasis and partial omission in the content of ‘Black Italians’ itself. For instance, detailed discussion of the Black Mediterranean, covered extensively in a parallel course, is less prominent than might be anticipated. The module has existed in different iterations for almost ten years. Earlier versions, for example, have included texts and films such as Wu Ming’s Timira, Kym Ragusa’s The Skin between Us, Spike Lee’s Do the Right Thing, and Andrea Segre’s Sangue verde. The presence of Ragusa and Lee in the module points to the transnational optic of its methodological foundations and its many possible linkages and intersections. It purposefully resists the methodological nationalism in which study and research in Modern
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Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1177/00145858231172783
John Gennari
I enter this conversation from an oblique angle, if not quite as a complete outsider. I do not work in the fi eld of Italian Studies. My Italian language skills are so embarrassingly feeble that I strategically avoid professional and social situations where they might be put to the test. (What little Italian I do speak, however, never fails to impress my siblings and cousins, second-and third-generation Italian Americans raised in families where Italian language was suppressed in the service of assimilation — a common story and yet one deserving deeper scholarly inquiry). Even as I have become fi rmly af fi liated with Italian American Studies — I serve on the editorial board of Italian American Review , have published there as well as in Italian Americana and Voices in Italian Americana , have served two terms on the Italian American Studies Association ’ s (IASA) Executive Council, and regularly attend the organization ’ s annual conference — this was not my fi eld of training and I continue to play catch-up with its history and its canonical texts. My coursework as a graduate student in American Studies, with a primary interest in jazz and African American culture, was bereft of anything related to Italian America or the larger Italian diaspora. If there was any possibility of independent study in this area, I would not have known — I simply had no scholarly interest. I literally did not know of the existence of Italian American studies until seven years after I fi nished my PhD. Despite these stunning disquali fi cations — or, actually, because of them — I embrace this invitation to re fl ect on the transnational turn in Italian Studies with an inkling that I might have something useful to say. That I have been afforded this opportunity notwith-standing my tenuous relationship to the fi eld may itself serve as evidence of at least one direction Transnational Italian Studies has taken and help us to see where it may be going. Academic
我从一个倾斜的角度进入这个对话，如果不是作为一个完全的局外人。我不从事意大利研究领域的工作。我的意大利语能力差得令人尴尬，所以我策略性地避开了可能考验我的专业和社交场合。(然而，我会说一点意大利语，却总是让我的兄弟姐妹和表兄弟姐妹们印象深刻，他们是第二代和第三代意大利裔美国人，他们的家庭在同化过程中压制意大利语——这是一个常见的故事，但值得更深入的学术研究。)即使我已经成为fi rm af fi liat与意大利美国研究——我为意大利裔的美国编辑委员会的审查,发表了在意大利以及美国和意大利美国之声,有当过两任意大利美国研究协会的年代(IASA)执行委员会,并定期参加组织的年度会议——这不是我存在误伤的培训和我继续追赶它的历史和它的规范文本。作为一名美国研究专业的研究生，我的主要兴趣是爵士乐和非裔美国人文化，与意大利裔美国人或更大的意大利侨民没有任何关系。如果在这个领域有任何独立研究的可能性，我也不会知道——我根本没有学术兴趣。我真的不知道意大利裔美国人研究的存在，直到我完成博士学位七年后才知道。尽管有这些令人震惊的不合格之处——或者，实际上，正是因为有这些不合格之处——我接受这个邀请，带着一种暗示，即我可能有一些有用的话要说，来反思意大利研究的跨国转向。尽管如此，我还是得到了这个机会——尽管我与这个领域的关系很脆弱，但它本身至少可以作为跨国意大利研究的一个方向的证据，并帮助我们看到它可能走向何方。学术
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Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1177/00145858231172187
Liz Wren-Owens
In 2016 it was considered a radical change to propose a curriculum review which put the transnational at the centre of what we teach. Today, ‘transnational’ is a common descriptor in module titles across Modern Languages in the UK. The transnational has facilitated new approaches to the discipline that put migration, mobility, translation, and the legacies of empire at the heart of what we do. It has encouraged teachers and learners to think about the way that cultures and communities have been shaped by their interactions with others, and about the power dynamics inherent in these exchanges. At its best, the transnational is a powerful tool for interrogating not only what we learn and teach but also how we situate ourselves and how we create and disseminate knowledge. However, in practice it can be more complex to achieve these ideals, and embedding the transnational in teaching runs the risk of dilution and vagueness. My reflections in this article come from three interlinked perspectives: institutional, disciplinary, and as a citizen of a devolved nation. At institutional level, I led a curriculum review in the School of Modern Languages at Cardiff University in the UK in 2016. As Director of Learning and Teaching, I spearheaded a wholesale re-thinking of every module in every language programme. One of the key goals was to embed transnational thinking and practices into compulsory ‘culture’ options in year 1 and 2, in line with the ethos of the ‘Transnationalising Modern Languages’ (TML) project, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). The second perspective comes from my experience of organising and attending symposia and workshops on transnationalising (and decolonising) the curriculum through work with the University Council of Modern Languages (UCML), the Institute for Modern Languages Research (IMLR), and the AHRC Creative Multilingualism project. The final perspective comes from my situated experience as a white Welsh academic working in a Welsh institution in a UK context. Many of the debates in the sector in the UK quite naturally focus on the English context, given the relative sizes of England and Wales. However the landscape in Wales, while informed by this broader UK framework, is also shaped by the different transnational and (de)colonial histories of Wales, and by the politics of the current devolved government. Compared to the UK government in Westminster, the Welsh government has a more
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