Nour Alhuda Alaghawani, Hala Alkhatib, Layla Elmancy, Anis Daou
Gels, specifically hydrogels and aerogels, have emerged as versatile materials with profound implications in pharmaceutical sciences. This comprehensive review looks into detail at hydrogels and aerogels, providing a general introduction to gels as a foundation. The paper is then divided into distinct sections for hydrogels and aerogels, each delving into their unique formulations, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. In the realm of hydrogels, we scrutinize the intricacies of formulation, highlighting the versatile advantages they offer. Conversely, potential limitations are explored, paving the way for a detailed discussion on their applications, with a specific focus on their role in antimicrobial applications. Shifting focus to aerogels, a thorough overview is presented, followed by a detailed explanation of the complex formulation process involving sol-gel chemistry; aging; solvent exchange; and drying techniques, including freeze drying, supercritical drying, and ambient-pressure drying (APD). The intricacies of drug loading and release from aerogels are addressed, providing insights into their pharmaceutical potential. The advantages and disadvantages of aerogels are examined, accompanied by an exploration of their applications, with a specific emphasis on antimicrobial uses. The review culminates in a comparative analysis, juxtaposing the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogels and aerogels. Furthermore, the current research and development trends in the applications of these gels in pharmaceutical sciences are discussed, providing a holistic view of their potential and impact. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts, seeking a deeper understanding of the distinctive attributes and applications of hydrogels and aerogels in the ever-evolving research concerning pharmaceutical sciences.
{"title":"Harmonizing Innovations: An In-Depth Comparative Review on the Formulation, Applications, and Future Perspectives of Aerogels and Hydrogels in Pharmaceutical Sciences.","authors":"Nour Alhuda Alaghawani, Hala Alkhatib, Layla Elmancy, Anis Daou","doi":"10.3390/gels10100663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gels, specifically hydrogels and aerogels, have emerged as versatile materials with profound implications in pharmaceutical sciences. This comprehensive review looks into detail at hydrogels and aerogels, providing a general introduction to gels as a foundation. The paper is then divided into distinct sections for hydrogels and aerogels, each delving into their unique formulations, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. In the realm of hydrogels, we scrutinize the intricacies of formulation, highlighting the versatile advantages they offer. Conversely, potential limitations are explored, paving the way for a detailed discussion on their applications, with a specific focus on their role in antimicrobial applications. Shifting focus to aerogels, a thorough overview is presented, followed by a detailed explanation of the complex formulation process involving sol-gel chemistry; aging; solvent exchange; and drying techniques, including freeze drying, supercritical drying, and ambient-pressure drying (APD). The intricacies of drug loading and release from aerogels are addressed, providing insights into their pharmaceutical potential. The advantages and disadvantages of aerogels are examined, accompanied by an exploration of their applications, with a specific emphasis on antimicrobial uses. The review culminates in a comparative analysis, juxtaposing the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogels and aerogels. Furthermore, the current research and development trends in the applications of these gels in pharmaceutical sciences are discussed, providing a holistic view of their potential and impact. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts, seeking a deeper understanding of the distinctive attributes and applications of hydrogels and aerogels in the ever-evolving research concerning pharmaceutical sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Y Wu, Shu Yu Qian, Anne Faucher, Simon D Tran
Hydrogels have garnered significant attention for their versatile applications across various fields, including biomedical engineering. This review delves into the fundamentals of hydrogels, exploring their definition, properties, and classification. Hydrogels, as three-dimensional networks of crosslinked polymers, possess tunable properties such as biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and hydrophilicity, making them ideal for medical applications. Uniquely, this article offers original insights into the application of hydrogels specifically for corneal tissue engineering, bridging a gap in current research. The review further examines the anatomical and functional complexities of the cornea, highlighting the challenges associated with corneal pathologies and the current reliance on donor corneas for transplantation. Considering the global shortage of donor corneas, this review discusses the potential of hydrogel-based materials in corneal tissue engineering. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis processes, including physical and chemical crosslinking, and the integration of bioactive molecules. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels, which react to environmental triggers, are identified as promising tools for drug delivery and tissue repair. Additionally, clinical applications of hydrogels in corneal pathologies are explored, showcasing their efficacy in various trials. Finally, the review addresses the challenges of regulatory approval and the need for further research to fully realize the potential of hydrogels in corneal tissue engineering, offering a promising outlook for future developments in this field.
{"title":"Advancements in Hydrogels for Corneal Healing and Tissue Engineering.","authors":"Kevin Y Wu, Shu Yu Qian, Anne Faucher, Simon D Tran","doi":"10.3390/gels10100662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogels have garnered significant attention for their versatile applications across various fields, including biomedical engineering. This review delves into the fundamentals of hydrogels, exploring their definition, properties, and classification. Hydrogels, as three-dimensional networks of crosslinked polymers, possess tunable properties such as biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and hydrophilicity, making them ideal for medical applications. Uniquely, this article offers original insights into the application of hydrogels specifically for corneal tissue engineering, bridging a gap in current research. The review further examines the anatomical and functional complexities of the cornea, highlighting the challenges associated with corneal pathologies and the current reliance on donor corneas for transplantation. Considering the global shortage of donor corneas, this review discusses the potential of hydrogel-based materials in corneal tissue engineering. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis processes, including physical and chemical crosslinking, and the integration of bioactive molecules. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels, which react to environmental triggers, are identified as promising tools for drug delivery and tissue repair. Additionally, clinical applications of hydrogels in corneal pathologies are explored, showcasing their efficacy in various trials. Finally, the review addresses the challenges of regulatory approval and the need for further research to fully realize the potential of hydrogels in corneal tissue engineering, offering a promising outlook for future developments in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dragos Nicolae Fratila, Dragos Ioan Virvescu, Ionut Luchian, Monica Hancianu, Elena Raluca Baciu, Oana Butnaru, Dana Gabriela Budala
This study explores the recent advances of and functional insights into hydrogel composites, materials that have gained significant attention for their versatile applications across various fields, including contemporary dentistry. Hydrogels, known for their high water content and biocompatibility, are inherently soft but often limited by mechanical fragility. Key areas of focus include the customization of hydrogel composites for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, wound dressings, and tissue engineering scaffolds, where improved mechanical properties and bioactivity are critical. In dentistry, hydrogels are utilized for drug delivery systems targeting oral diseases, dental adhesives, and periodontal therapies due to their ability to adhere to the mucosa, provide localized treatment, and support tissue regeneration. Their unique properties, such as mucoadhesion, controlled drug release, and stimuli responsiveness, make them ideal candidates for treating oral conditions. This review highlights both experimental breakthroughs and theoretical insights into the structure-property relationships within hydrogel composites, aiming to guide future developments in the design and application of these multifunctional materials in dentistry. Ultimately, hydrogel composites represent a promising frontier for advancing materials science with far-reaching implications in healthcare, environmental technology, and beyond.
{"title":"Advances and Functional Integration of Hydrogel Composites as Drug Delivery Systems in Contemporary Dentistry.","authors":"Dragos Nicolae Fratila, Dragos Ioan Virvescu, Ionut Luchian, Monica Hancianu, Elena Raluca Baciu, Oana Butnaru, Dana Gabriela Budala","doi":"10.3390/gels10100661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the recent advances of and functional insights into hydrogel composites, materials that have gained significant attention for their versatile applications across various fields, including contemporary dentistry. Hydrogels, known for their high water content and biocompatibility, are inherently soft but often limited by mechanical fragility. Key areas of focus include the customization of hydrogel composites for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, wound dressings, and tissue engineering scaffolds, where improved mechanical properties and bioactivity are critical. In dentistry, hydrogels are utilized for drug delivery systems targeting oral diseases, dental adhesives, and periodontal therapies due to their ability to adhere to the mucosa, provide localized treatment, and support tissue regeneration. Their unique properties, such as mucoadhesion, controlled drug release, and stimuli responsiveness, make them ideal candidates for treating oral conditions. This review highlights both experimental breakthroughs and theoretical insights into the structure-property relationships within hydrogel composites, aiming to guide future developments in the design and application of these multifunctional materials in dentistry. Ultimately, hydrogel composites represent a promising frontier for advancing materials science with far-reaching implications in healthcare, environmental technology, and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the ability to predict rheological properties and constituent composition of 3D-printed materials with appropriately trained models. However, these models are not currently available for use. In this work, we trained deep learning (DL) models to (1) predict the rheological properties, such as the storage (G') and loss (G") moduli, of 3D-printed polyacrylamide (PAA) substrates, and (2) predict the composition of materials and associated 3D printing parameters for a desired pair of G' and G". We employed a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and successfully predicted G' and G" from seven gel constituent parameters in a multivariate regression process. We used a grid-search algorithm along with 10-fold cross validation to tune the hyperparameters of the MLP, and found the R2 value to be 0.89. Next, we adopted two generative DL models named variational autoencoder (VAE) and conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) to learn data patterns and generate constituent compositions. With these generative models, we produced synthetic data with the same statistical distribution as the real data of actual hydrogel fabrication, which was then validated using Student's t-test and an autoencoder (AE) anomaly detector. We found that none of the seven generated gel constituents were significantly different from the real data. Our trained DL models were successful in mapping the input-output relationship for the 3D-printed hydrogel substrates, which can predict multiple variables from a handful of input variables and vice versa.
人工智能(AI)能够通过训练有素的模型预测 3D 打印材料的流变特性和成分组成。然而,这些模型目前还无法使用。在这项工作中,我们训练了深度学习(DL)模型,以(1)预测 3D 打印聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)基材的流变特性,如存储模量(G')和损耗模量(G"),以及(2)预测所需的一对 G' 和 G "的材料组成和相关 3D 打印参数。我们采用了多层感知器(MLP),并在多元回归过程中根据七个凝胶成分参数成功预测了 G' 和 G"。我们使用网格搜索算法和 10 倍交叉验证来调整 MLP 的超参数,发现 R2 值为 0.89。接下来,我们采用了两种生成式 DL 模型,即变异自动编码器(VAE)和条件变异自动编码器(CVAE),来学习数据模式并生成成分组合。利用这些生成模型,我们生成了与实际水凝胶制造的真实数据具有相同统计分布的合成数据,然后使用学生 t 检验和自动编码器 (AE) 异常检测器对其进行了验证。我们发现,生成的七种凝胶成分均与真实数据无明显差异。我们训练有素的 DL 模型成功地绘制了三维打印水凝胶基底的输入输出关系图,可以从少量输入变量预测多个变量,反之亦然。
{"title":"Leveraging Deep Learning and Generative AI for Predicting Rheological Properties and Material Compositions of 3D Printed Polyacrylamide Hydrogels.","authors":"Sakib Mohammad, Rafee Akand, Kaden M Cook, Sabrina Nilufar, Farhan Chowdhury","doi":"10.3390/gels10100660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has the ability to predict rheological properties and constituent composition of 3D-printed materials with appropriately trained models. However, these models are not currently available for use. In this work, we trained deep learning (DL) models to (1) predict the rheological properties, such as the storage (G') and loss (G\") moduli, of 3D-printed polyacrylamide (PAA) substrates, and (2) predict the composition of materials and associated 3D printing parameters for a desired pair of G' and G\". We employed a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and successfully predicted G' and G\" from seven gel constituent parameters in a multivariate regression process. We used a grid-search algorithm along with 10-fold cross validation to tune the hyperparameters of the MLP, and found the R<sup>2</sup> value to be 0.89. Next, we adopted two generative DL models named variational autoencoder (VAE) and conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) to learn data patterns and generate constituent compositions. With these generative models, we produced synthetic data with the same statistical distribution as the real data of actual hydrogel fabrication, which was then validated using Student's <i>t</i>-test and an autoencoder (AE) anomaly detector. We found that none of the seven generated gel constituents were significantly different from the real data. Our trained DL models were successful in mapping the input-output relationship for the 3D-printed hydrogel substrates, which can predict multiple variables from a handful of input variables and vice versa.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Protein-based emulsion gels are an ideal delivery system due to their unique structure, remarkable encapsulation efficiency, and tunable digestive behavior. Freshwater mussel (Solenaia oleivora) protein isolate (SoPI), an emerging sustainable protein with high nutritional value, possesses unique value in the development of functional foods. Herein, composite emulsion gels were fabricated with SoPI and κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) for the delivery of curcumin. SoPI/κ-CG stabilized emulsions possessed a high encapsulation efficiency of curcumin with a value of around 95%. The addition of κ-CG above 0.50% facilitated the emulsion gel formation and significantly improved the gel strength with 1326 g. Furthermore, the storage and digestive stability of curcumin were significantly improved as the κ-CG concentration increased. At 1.50% κ-CG, around 80% and 90% curcumin remained after 21-day storage at 45 °C and the 6 h in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, respectively. The addition of 0.50% κ-CG obtained the highest bioaccessibility of curcumin (~60%). This study illustrated the potential of SoPI emulsion gels as a carrier for stabilizing and delivering hydrophobic polyphenols.
基于蛋白质的乳液凝胶因其独特的结构、显著的封装效率和可调的消化行为而成为一种理想的传输系统。淡水贻贝(Solenaia oleivora)分离蛋白(SoPI)是一种新兴的可持续蛋白质,具有很高的营养价值,在功能食品的开发中具有独特的价值。在此,我们用SoPI和κ-卡拉胶(κ-CG)制成了复合乳液凝胶,用于输送姜黄素。SoPI/κ-CG稳定乳液具有很高的姜黄素包封效率,约为95%。此外,随着κ-CG 浓度的增加,姜黄素的贮藏稳定性和消化稳定性也得到了显著改善。κ-CG浓度为1.50%时,姜黄素在45 °C储存21天和体外胃肠道消化6小时后分别保留了约80%和90%。添加 0.50% κ-CG 后,姜黄素的生物利用率最高(约为 60%)。这项研究说明了 SoPI 乳液凝胶作为载体稳定和输送疏水性多酚的潜力。
{"title":"Impact of κ-Carrageenan on the Freshwater Mussel (<i>Solenaia oleivora</i>) Protein Emulsion Gels: Gel Formation, Stability, and Curcumin Delivery.","authors":"Wanwen Chen, Wu Jin, Xueyan Ma, Haibo Wen, Gangchun Xu, Pao Xu, Hao Cheng","doi":"10.3390/gels10100659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein-based emulsion gels are an ideal delivery system due to their unique structure, remarkable encapsulation efficiency, and tunable digestive behavior. Freshwater mussel (<i>Solenaia oleivora</i>) protein isolate (SoPI), an emerging sustainable protein with high nutritional value, possesses unique value in the development of functional foods. Herein, composite emulsion gels were fabricated with SoPI and κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) for the delivery of curcumin. SoPI/κ-CG stabilized emulsions possessed a high encapsulation efficiency of curcumin with a value of around 95%. The addition of κ-CG above 0.50% facilitated the emulsion gel formation and significantly improved the gel strength with 1326 g. Furthermore, the storage and digestive stability of curcumin were significantly improved as the κ-CG concentration increased. At 1.50% κ-CG, around 80% and 90% curcumin remained after 21-day storage at 45 °C and the 6 h in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, respectively. The addition of 0.50% κ-CG obtained the highest bioaccessibility of curcumin (~60%). This study illustrated the potential of SoPI emulsion gels as a carrier for stabilizing and delivering hydrophobic polyphenols.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peyman Karami, Robin Martin, Alexis Laurent, Hui Yin Nam, Virginie Philippe, Lee Ann Applegate, Dominique P Pioletti
Knee cartilage has limited natural healing capacity, complicating the development of effective treatment plans. Current non-cell-based therapies (e.g., microfracture) result in poor repair cartilage mechanical properties, low durability, and suboptimal tissue integration. Advanced treatments, such as autologous chondrocyte implantation, face challenges including cell leakage and inhomogeneous distribution. Successful cell therapy relies on prolonged retention of therapeutic biologicals at the implantation site, yet the optimal integration of implanted material into the surrounding healthy tissue remains an unmet need. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a newly developed photo-curable adhesive hydrogel for cartilage repair, focusing on adhesion properties, integration performance, and ability to support tissue regeneration. The proposed hydrogel design exhibited significant adhesion strength, outperforming commercial adhesives such as fibrin-based glues. An in vivo goat model was used to evaluate the hydrogels' adhesion properties and long-term integration into full-thickness cartilage defects over six months. Results showed that cell-free hydrogel-treated defects achieved superior integration with surrounding tissue and enhanced cartilage repair, with notable lateral integration. In vitro results further demonstrated high cell viability, robust matrix production, and successful cell encapsulation within the hydrogel matrix. These findings highlight the potential of adhesive hydrogel formulations to improve the efficacy of cell-based therapies, offering a potentially superior treatment for knee cartilage defects.
{"title":"An Adhesive Hydrogel Technology for Enhanced Cartilage Repair: A Preliminary Proof of Concept.","authors":"Peyman Karami, Robin Martin, Alexis Laurent, Hui Yin Nam, Virginie Philippe, Lee Ann Applegate, Dominique P Pioletti","doi":"10.3390/gels10100657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knee cartilage has limited natural healing capacity, complicating the development of effective treatment plans. Current non-cell-based therapies (e.g., microfracture) result in poor repair cartilage mechanical properties, low durability, and suboptimal tissue integration. Advanced treatments, such as autologous chondrocyte implantation, face challenges including cell leakage and inhomogeneous distribution. Successful cell therapy relies on prolonged retention of therapeutic biologicals at the implantation site, yet the optimal integration of implanted material into the surrounding healthy tissue remains an unmet need. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a newly developed photo-curable adhesive hydrogel for cartilage repair, focusing on adhesion properties, integration performance, and ability to support tissue regeneration. The proposed hydrogel design exhibited significant adhesion strength, outperforming commercial adhesives such as fibrin-based glues. An in vivo goat model was used to evaluate the hydrogels' adhesion properties and long-term integration into full-thickness cartilage defects over six months. Results showed that cell-free hydrogel-treated defects achieved superior integration with surrounding tissue and enhanced cartilage repair, with notable lateral integration. In vitro results further demonstrated high cell viability, robust matrix production, and successful cell encapsulation within the hydrogel matrix. These findings highlight the potential of adhesive hydrogel formulations to improve the efficacy of cell-based therapies, offering a potentially superior treatment for knee cartilage defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafaela Regina Fantatto, Annelize Rodrigues Gomes, João Vitor Carvalho Constantini, Camila Fernanda Rodero, Marlus Chorilli, Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas, Ana Melero, Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues Pietro
The Rhipicephalus microplus tick causes enormous economic losses in livestock farming around the world. Despite several promising studies carried out with plant extracts such as Achyrocline satureioides against this ectoparasite, a major obstacle is related to pharmaceutical presentation forms. There is no study showing xantan gum-based hydrogel and polycaprolactone nanoparticles containing A. satureioides extract against R. microplus larvae. The objective of this study was to incorporate A. satureioides extract to develop a nanoformulation (AScn) and a hydrogel (ASlh) and evaluate them against R. microplus larvae with the purpose of increasing the contact time of the extract with the larvae and improve the effectiveness. The ethanolic extracts were incorporated in polycaprolactone nanoparticles and characterized via analysis of the mean hydrodinamic diameter and polidispersity index. The xanthan gum-based hydrogel formulation was prepared with crude extract of A. satureioides 40 mg/mL, 0.25% xanthan gum, and 8% poloxamer, to determine the bioadhesiveness of the formulation in bovine leather and the flow rate of the formulation in the animal. The results in larvae demonstrated that when evaluated in the form of a hydrogel (ASlh), mortality was higher, with 91.48% mortality at a concentration of 20 mg/mL presenting itself as an interesting alternative for controlling this ectoparasite.
Rhipicephalus microplus蜱虫给世界各地的畜牧业造成了巨大的经济损失。尽管利用 Achyrocline satureioides 等植物提取物对这种体外寄生虫进行了多项前景看好的研究,但主要障碍与药物表现形式有关。目前还没有任何研究显示,含有A. satureioides提取物的山丹胶基水凝胶和聚己内酯纳米颗粒可防治R. microplus幼虫。本研究的目的是将 A. satureioides 提取物加入到纳米制剂(AScn)和水凝胶(ASlh)的开发中,并评估它们对 R. microplus 幼虫的作用,目的是增加提取物与幼虫的接触时间,提高药效。乙醇提取物被加入聚己内酯纳米颗粒中,并通过分析平均水动力直径和极分散指数对其进行表征。以黄原胶为基础的水凝胶制剂由40毫克/毫升的A. satureioides粗提取物、0.25%的黄原胶和8%的poloxamer制备而成,以测定制剂在牛皮中的生物粘附性和制剂在动物体内的流动速率。对幼虫的研究结果表明,以水凝胶(ASlh)形式进行评估时,死亡率较高,浓度为 20 毫克/毫升时,死亡率为 91.48%,是控制这种体外寄生虫的一种有趣的替代方法。
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of the Acaricidal Activity of Xantan Gum-Based Hydrogel and Polymeric Nanoparticles Containing <i>Achyrocline satureioides</i> Extract.","authors":"Rafaela Regina Fantatto, Annelize Rodrigues Gomes, João Vitor Carvalho Constantini, Camila Fernanda Rodero, Marlus Chorilli, Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas, Ana Melero, Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues Pietro","doi":"10.3390/gels10100658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> tick causes enormous economic losses in livestock farming around the world. Despite several promising studies carried out with plant extracts such as <i>Achyrocline satureioides</i> against this ectoparasite, a major obstacle is related to pharmaceutical presentation forms. There is no study showing xantan gum-based hydrogel and polycaprolactone nanoparticles containing <i>A. satureioides</i> extract against <i>R. microplus</i> larvae. The objective of this study was to incorporate <i>A. satureioides</i> extract to develop a nanoformulation (AScn) and a hydrogel (ASlh) and evaluate them against <i>R. microplus</i> larvae with the purpose of increasing the contact time of the extract with the larvae and improve the effectiveness. The ethanolic extracts were incorporated in polycaprolactone nanoparticles and characterized via analysis of the mean hydrodinamic diameter and polidispersity index. The xanthan gum-based hydrogel formulation was prepared with crude extract of <i>A. satureioides</i> 40 mg/mL, 0.25% xanthan gum, and 8% poloxamer, to determine the bioadhesiveness of the formulation in bovine leather and the flow rate of the formulation in the animal. The results in larvae demonstrated that when evaluated in the form of a hydrogel (ASlh), mortality was higher, with 91.48% mortality at a concentration of 20 mg/mL presenting itself as an interesting alternative for controlling this ectoparasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleftherios G Andriotis, Adamantini Paraskevopoulou, Dimitrios G Fatouros, Hui Zhang, Christos Ritzoulis
Cannabis seed oil oleogel structured with Glycerol Monostearate (20% w/w) was mixed with xanthan gum hydrogel (2% w/w) at different ratios ranging from 0% w/w hydrogel to 75% w/w hydrogel, using a syringe-to-syringe apparatus, for the preparation of 3D-printable food inks. This process enabled the simultaneous blend of oleogel and hydrogel phases and the incorporation of air in a reproducible and accurate manner. The printability of bigel inks with different mass ratios was evaluated by using a conventional benchtop food 3D printer. The printability of the inks was found to be negatively affected by the presence of higher portions of the hydrogel phase, while the printing performance of pure cannabis seed oil oleogel was superior compared to the printing performance of the bigel inks. The physicochemical properties of hybrid gels were investigated with rheological studies, thermophysical studies (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), Polarized Light Microscopy, and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The microstructure of the aerated inks was affected by the presence of a higher oleogel fraction, in terms of air bubble shape and distribution. The addition of hydrogel at concentrations higher than 50% w/w had a strong negative effect on the mechanical properties of the inks leading to a partial collapse of the printed structures and subsequently to poor printing performance.
{"title":"Design of Aerated Oleogel-Hydrogel Mixtures for 3D Printing of Personalized Cannabis Edibles.","authors":"Eleftherios G Andriotis, Adamantini Paraskevopoulou, Dimitrios G Fatouros, Hui Zhang, Christos Ritzoulis","doi":"10.3390/gels10100654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis seed oil oleogel structured with Glycerol Monostearate (20% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) was mixed with xanthan gum hydrogel (2% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) at different ratios ranging from 0% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> hydrogel to 75% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> hydrogel, using a syringe-to-syringe apparatus, for the preparation of 3D-printable food inks. This process enabled the simultaneous blend of oleogel and hydrogel phases and the incorporation of air in a reproducible and accurate manner. The printability of bigel inks with different mass ratios was evaluated by using a conventional benchtop food 3D printer. The printability of the inks was found to be negatively affected by the presence of higher portions of the hydrogel phase, while the printing performance of pure cannabis seed oil oleogel was superior compared to the printing performance of the bigel inks. The physicochemical properties of hybrid gels were investigated with rheological studies, thermophysical studies (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), Polarized Light Microscopy, and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The microstructure of the aerated inks was affected by the presence of a higher oleogel fraction, in terms of air bubble shape and distribution. The addition of hydrogel at concentrations higher than 50% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> had a strong negative effect on the mechanical properties of the inks leading to a partial collapse of the printed structures and subsequently to poor printing performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuela Maria Iftime, Gabriela Liliana Ailiesei, Daniela Ailincai
Dynamic chitosan-based hydrogels with enhanced antioxidant activity were synthesized through the formation of reversible imine linkages with 5-methoxy-salicylaldehyde. These hydrogels exhibited a porous structure and swelling capacity, influenced by the crosslinking degree, as confirmed by SEM and POM analysis. The dynamic nature of the imine bonds was characterized through NMR, swelling studies in various media, and aldehyde release measurements. The hydrogels demonstrated significantly improved antioxidant activity compared to unmodified chitosan, as evaluated by the DPPH method. This research highlights the potential of developing pH-responsive chitosan-based hydrogels for a wide range of biomedical applications.
通过与 5-甲氧基水杨醛形成可逆的亚胺连接,合成了具有增强抗氧化活性的动态壳聚糖基水凝胶。经 SEM 和 POM 分析证实,这些水凝胶具有多孔结构,其溶胀能力受交联度的影响。通过核磁共振、在各种介质中的溶胀研究和醛释放测量,确定了亚胺键的动态性质。通过 DPPH 法评估,与未改性壳聚糖相比,水凝胶的抗氧化活性明显提高。这项研究凸显了开发具有 pH 响应性的壳聚糖水凝胶在广泛的生物医学应用中的潜力。
{"title":"Tuning Antioxidant Function through Dynamic Design of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels.","authors":"Manuela Maria Iftime, Gabriela Liliana Ailiesei, Daniela Ailincai","doi":"10.3390/gels10100655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dynamic chitosan-based hydrogels with enhanced antioxidant activity were synthesized through the formation of reversible imine linkages with 5-methoxy-salicylaldehyde. These hydrogels exhibited a porous structure and swelling capacity, influenced by the crosslinking degree, as confirmed by SEM and POM analysis. The dynamic nature of the imine bonds was characterized through NMR, swelling studies in various media, and aldehyde release measurements. The hydrogels demonstrated significantly improved antioxidant activity compared to unmodified chitosan, as evaluated by the DPPH method. This research highlights the potential of developing pH-responsive chitosan-based hydrogels for a wide range of biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petru Merghes, Gheorghe Ilia, Bianca Maranescu, Narcis Varan, Vasile Simulescu
The sol-gel process is a green method used in the last few decades to synthesize new organic-inorganic phosphorus-containing hybrid materials. The sol-gel synthesis is a green method because it takes place in mild conditions, mostly by using water or alcohol as solvents, at room temperature. Therefore, the sol-gel method is, among others, a promising route for obtaining metal-phosphonate networks. In addition to phosphorus, the obtained hybrid materials could also contain titanium, zirconium, boron, and other elements, which influence their properties. The sol-gel process has two steps: first, the sol formation, and second, the transition to the gel phase. In other words, the sol-gel process converts the precursors into a colloidal solution (sol), followed by obtaining a network (gel). By using the sol-gel method, different organic moieties could be introduced into an inorganic matrix, resulting in organic-inorganic hybrid structures (sometimes they are also referred as organic-inorganic copolymers).
{"title":"The Sol-Gel Process, a Green Method Used to Obtain Hybrid Materials Containing Phosphorus and Zirconium.","authors":"Petru Merghes, Gheorghe Ilia, Bianca Maranescu, Narcis Varan, Vasile Simulescu","doi":"10.3390/gels10100656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sol-gel process is a green method used in the last few decades to synthesize new organic-inorganic phosphorus-containing hybrid materials. The sol-gel synthesis is a green method because it takes place in mild conditions, mostly by using water or alcohol as solvents, at room temperature. Therefore, the sol-gel method is, among others, a promising route for obtaining metal-phosphonate networks. In addition to phosphorus, the obtained hybrid materials could also contain titanium, zirconium, boron, and other elements, which influence their properties. The sol-gel process has two steps: first, the sol formation, and second, the transition to the gel phase. In other words, the sol-gel process converts the precursors into a colloidal solution (sol), followed by obtaining a network (gel). By using the sol-gel method, different organic moieties could be introduced into an inorganic matrix, resulting in organic-inorganic hybrid structures (sometimes they are also referred as organic-inorganic copolymers).</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}