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Harmonizing Innovations: An In-Depth Comparative Review on the Formulation, Applications, and Future Perspectives of Aerogels and Hydrogels in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 协调创新:关于气凝胶和水凝胶在制药科学中的配方、应用和未来展望的深入比较综述。
IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/gels10100663
Nour Alhuda Alaghawani, Hala Alkhatib, Layla Elmancy, Anis Daou

Gels, specifically hydrogels and aerogels, have emerged as versatile materials with profound implications in pharmaceutical sciences. This comprehensive review looks into detail at hydrogels and aerogels, providing a general introduction to gels as a foundation. The paper is then divided into distinct sections for hydrogels and aerogels, each delving into their unique formulations, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. In the realm of hydrogels, we scrutinize the intricacies of formulation, highlighting the versatile advantages they offer. Conversely, potential limitations are explored, paving the way for a detailed discussion on their applications, with a specific focus on their role in antimicrobial applications. Shifting focus to aerogels, a thorough overview is presented, followed by a detailed explanation of the complex formulation process involving sol-gel chemistry; aging; solvent exchange; and drying techniques, including freeze drying, supercritical drying, and ambient-pressure drying (APD). The intricacies of drug loading and release from aerogels are addressed, providing insights into their pharmaceutical potential. The advantages and disadvantages of aerogels are examined, accompanied by an exploration of their applications, with a specific emphasis on antimicrobial uses. The review culminates in a comparative analysis, juxtaposing the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogels and aerogels. Furthermore, the current research and development trends in the applications of these gels in pharmaceutical sciences are discussed, providing a holistic view of their potential and impact. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts, seeking a deeper understanding of the distinctive attributes and applications of hydrogels and aerogels in the ever-evolving research concerning pharmaceutical sciences.

凝胶,特别是水凝胶和气凝胶,已成为对制药科学具有深远影响的多功能材料。本综述详细介绍了水凝胶和气凝胶,并提供了凝胶的一般介绍作为基础。然后,论文将水凝胶和气凝胶分为不同的部分,分别深入探讨它们的独特配方、优缺点和应用。在水凝胶领域,我们仔细研究了配方的复杂性,强调了它们所具有的多功能优势。反之,我们也探讨了潜在的局限性,为详细讨论水凝胶的应用铺平了道路,并特别强调了水凝胶在抗菌应用中的作用。在重点转向气凝胶时,将对其进行全面概述,然后详细解释复杂的配制过程,包括溶胶-凝胶化学、老化、溶剂交换和干燥技术,包括冷冻干燥、超临界干燥和常压干燥(APD)。研究还探讨了气凝胶药物负载和释放的复杂性,使人们对气凝胶的制药潜力有了更深入的了解。研究了气凝胶的优缺点,同时探讨了气凝胶的应用,特别强调了气凝胶的抗菌用途。综述最后进行了比较分析,将水凝胶和气凝胶的优缺点并列在一起。此外,还讨论了当前这些凝胶在制药科学中应用的研究和发展趋势,提供了对其潜力和影响的整体看法。这篇综述为研究人员、从业人员和爱好者提供了全面的指导,帮助他们更深入地了解水凝胶和气凝胶在不断发展的制药科学研究中的独特属性和应用。
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引用次数: 0
Advancements in Hydrogels for Corneal Healing and Tissue Engineering. 用于角膜愈合和组织工程的水凝胶研究进展。
IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/gels10100662
Kevin Y Wu, Shu Yu Qian, Anne Faucher, Simon D Tran

Hydrogels have garnered significant attention for their versatile applications across various fields, including biomedical engineering. This review delves into the fundamentals of hydrogels, exploring their definition, properties, and classification. Hydrogels, as three-dimensional networks of crosslinked polymers, possess tunable properties such as biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and hydrophilicity, making them ideal for medical applications. Uniquely, this article offers original insights into the application of hydrogels specifically for corneal tissue engineering, bridging a gap in current research. The review further examines the anatomical and functional complexities of the cornea, highlighting the challenges associated with corneal pathologies and the current reliance on donor corneas for transplantation. Considering the global shortage of donor corneas, this review discusses the potential of hydrogel-based materials in corneal tissue engineering. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis processes, including physical and chemical crosslinking, and the integration of bioactive molecules. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels, which react to environmental triggers, are identified as promising tools for drug delivery and tissue repair. Additionally, clinical applications of hydrogels in corneal pathologies are explored, showcasing their efficacy in various trials. Finally, the review addresses the challenges of regulatory approval and the need for further research to fully realize the potential of hydrogels in corneal tissue engineering, offering a promising outlook for future developments in this field.

水凝胶因其在生物医学工程等各个领域的广泛应用而备受关注。本综述深入探讨了水凝胶的基本原理,探讨了水凝胶的定义、特性和分类。水凝胶是交联聚合物的三维网络,具有生物相容性、机械强度和亲水性等可调特性,是医疗应用的理想选择。与众不同的是,本文对水凝胶在角膜组织工程中的应用提出了独到的见解,弥补了当前研究中的空白。这篇综述进一步探讨了角膜在解剖学和功能上的复杂性,强调了与角膜病变相关的挑战以及目前对供体角膜移植的依赖。考虑到全球供体角膜的短缺,本综述讨论了水凝胶基材料在角膜组织工程中的潜力。重点是合成过程,包括物理和化学交联,以及生物活性分子的整合。刺激响应型水凝胶能对环境触发因素做出反应,被认为是药物输送和组织修复的理想工具。此外,还探讨了水凝胶在角膜病症中的临床应用,展示了其在各种试验中的功效。最后,该综述探讨了监管审批所面临的挑战,以及进一步开展研究以充分发挥水凝胶在角膜组织工程中的潜力的必要性,并为该领域的未来发展提供了美好前景。
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引用次数: 0
Advances and Functional Integration of Hydrogel Composites as Drug Delivery Systems in Contemporary Dentistry. 水凝胶复合材料作为药物输送系统在当代牙科领域的发展和功能整合。
IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/gels10100661
Dragos Nicolae Fratila, Dragos Ioan Virvescu, Ionut Luchian, Monica Hancianu, Elena Raluca Baciu, Oana Butnaru, Dana Gabriela Budala

This study explores the recent advances of and functional insights into hydrogel composites, materials that have gained significant attention for their versatile applications across various fields, including contemporary dentistry. Hydrogels, known for their high water content and biocompatibility, are inherently soft but often limited by mechanical fragility. Key areas of focus include the customization of hydrogel composites for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems, wound dressings, and tissue engineering scaffolds, where improved mechanical properties and bioactivity are critical. In dentistry, hydrogels are utilized for drug delivery systems targeting oral diseases, dental adhesives, and periodontal therapies due to their ability to adhere to the mucosa, provide localized treatment, and support tissue regeneration. Their unique properties, such as mucoadhesion, controlled drug release, and stimuli responsiveness, make them ideal candidates for treating oral conditions. This review highlights both experimental breakthroughs and theoretical insights into the structure-property relationships within hydrogel composites, aiming to guide future developments in the design and application of these multifunctional materials in dentistry. Ultimately, hydrogel composites represent a promising frontier for advancing materials science with far-reaching implications in healthcare, environmental technology, and beyond.

本研究探讨了水凝胶复合材料的最新进展和功能见解,这种材料因其在包括当代牙科在内的各个领域的广泛应用而备受关注。水凝胶因其高含水量和生物相容性而闻名,本身柔软,但往往受到机械脆性的限制。重点领域包括为生物医学应用定制水凝胶复合材料,如药物输送系统、伤口敷料和组织工程支架,在这些应用中,改善机械性能和生物活性至关重要。在牙科领域,水凝胶可用于针对口腔疾病的给药系统、牙科粘合剂和牙周治疗,因为它们能够粘附在粘膜上,提供局部治疗并支持组织再生。它们具有独特的特性,如粘液粘附性、药物释放可控性和刺激响应性,是治疗口腔疾病的理想选择。本综述重点介绍了水凝胶复合材料结构-性能关系方面的实验突破和理论见解,旨在指导牙科领域设计和应用这些多功能材料的未来发展。归根结底,水凝胶复合材料是材料科学发展的一个前景广阔的前沿领域,对医疗保健、环保技术等领域有着深远的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging Deep Learning and Generative AI for Predicting Rheological Properties and Material Compositions of 3D Printed Polyacrylamide Hydrogels. 利用深度学习和生成式人工智能预测 3D 打印聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的流变特性和材料成分。
IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.3390/gels10100660
Sakib Mohammad, Rafee Akand, Kaden M Cook, Sabrina Nilufar, Farhan Chowdhury

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the ability to predict rheological properties and constituent composition of 3D-printed materials with appropriately trained models. However, these models are not currently available for use. In this work, we trained deep learning (DL) models to (1) predict the rheological properties, such as the storage (G') and loss (G") moduli, of 3D-printed polyacrylamide (PAA) substrates, and (2) predict the composition of materials and associated 3D printing parameters for a desired pair of G' and G". We employed a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and successfully predicted G' and G" from seven gel constituent parameters in a multivariate regression process. We used a grid-search algorithm along with 10-fold cross validation to tune the hyperparameters of the MLP, and found the R2 value to be 0.89. Next, we adopted two generative DL models named variational autoencoder (VAE) and conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) to learn data patterns and generate constituent compositions. With these generative models, we produced synthetic data with the same statistical distribution as the real data of actual hydrogel fabrication, which was then validated using Student's t-test and an autoencoder (AE) anomaly detector. We found that none of the seven generated gel constituents were significantly different from the real data. Our trained DL models were successful in mapping the input-output relationship for the 3D-printed hydrogel substrates, which can predict multiple variables from a handful of input variables and vice versa.

人工智能(AI)能够通过训练有素的模型预测 3D 打印材料的流变特性和成分组成。然而,这些模型目前还无法使用。在这项工作中,我们训练了深度学习(DL)模型,以(1)预测 3D 打印聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)基材的流变特性,如存储模量(G')和损耗模量(G"),以及(2)预测所需的一对 G' 和 G "的材料组成和相关 3D 打印参数。我们采用了多层感知器(MLP),并在多元回归过程中根据七个凝胶成分参数成功预测了 G' 和 G"。我们使用网格搜索算法和 10 倍交叉验证来调整 MLP 的超参数,发现 R2 值为 0.89。接下来,我们采用了两种生成式 DL 模型,即变异自动编码器(VAE)和条件变异自动编码器(CVAE),来学习数据模式并生成成分组合。利用这些生成模型,我们生成了与实际水凝胶制造的真实数据具有相同统计分布的合成数据,然后使用学生 t 检验和自动编码器 (AE) 异常检测器对其进行了验证。我们发现,生成的七种凝胶成分均与真实数据无明显差异。我们训练有素的 DL 模型成功地绘制了三维打印水凝胶基底的输入输出关系图,可以从少量输入变量预测多个变量,反之亦然。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of κ-Carrageenan on the Freshwater Mussel (Solenaia oleivora) Protein Emulsion Gels: Gel Formation, Stability, and Curcumin Delivery. κ-卡拉胶对淡水贻贝(Solenaia oleivora)蛋白乳液凝胶的影响:凝胶形成、稳定性和姜黄素输送。
IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/gels10100659
Wanwen Chen, Wu Jin, Xueyan Ma, Haibo Wen, Gangchun Xu, Pao Xu, Hao Cheng

Protein-based emulsion gels are an ideal delivery system due to their unique structure, remarkable encapsulation efficiency, and tunable digestive behavior. Freshwater mussel (Solenaia oleivora) protein isolate (SoPI), an emerging sustainable protein with high nutritional value, possesses unique value in the development of functional foods. Herein, composite emulsion gels were fabricated with SoPI and κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) for the delivery of curcumin. SoPI/κ-CG stabilized emulsions possessed a high encapsulation efficiency of curcumin with a value of around 95%. The addition of κ-CG above 0.50% facilitated the emulsion gel formation and significantly improved the gel strength with 1326 g. Furthermore, the storage and digestive stability of curcumin were significantly improved as the κ-CG concentration increased. At 1.50% κ-CG, around 80% and 90% curcumin remained after 21-day storage at 45 °C and the 6 h in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, respectively. The addition of 0.50% κ-CG obtained the highest bioaccessibility of curcumin (~60%). This study illustrated the potential of SoPI emulsion gels as a carrier for stabilizing and delivering hydrophobic polyphenols.

基于蛋白质的乳液凝胶因其独特的结构、显著的封装效率和可调的消化行为而成为一种理想的传输系统。淡水贻贝(Solenaia oleivora)分离蛋白(SoPI)是一种新兴的可持续蛋白质,具有很高的营养价值,在功能食品的开发中具有独特的价值。在此,我们用SoPI和κ-卡拉胶(κ-CG)制成了复合乳液凝胶,用于输送姜黄素。SoPI/κ-CG稳定乳液具有很高的姜黄素包封效率,约为95%。此外,随着κ-CG 浓度的增加,姜黄素的贮藏稳定性和消化稳定性也得到了显著改善。κ-CG浓度为1.50%时,姜黄素在45 °C储存21天和体外胃肠道消化6小时后分别保留了约80%和90%。添加 0.50% κ-CG 后,姜黄素的生物利用率最高(约为 60%)。这项研究说明了 SoPI 乳液凝胶作为载体稳定和输送疏水性多酚的潜力。
{"title":"Impact of κ-Carrageenan on the Freshwater Mussel (<i>Solenaia oleivora</i>) Protein Emulsion Gels: Gel Formation, Stability, and Curcumin Delivery.","authors":"Wanwen Chen, Wu Jin, Xueyan Ma, Haibo Wen, Gangchun Xu, Pao Xu, Hao Cheng","doi":"10.3390/gels10100659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein-based emulsion gels are an ideal delivery system due to their unique structure, remarkable encapsulation efficiency, and tunable digestive behavior. Freshwater mussel (<i>Solenaia oleivora</i>) protein isolate (SoPI), an emerging sustainable protein with high nutritional value, possesses unique value in the development of functional foods. Herein, composite emulsion gels were fabricated with SoPI and κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) for the delivery of curcumin. SoPI/κ-CG stabilized emulsions possessed a high encapsulation efficiency of curcumin with a value of around 95%. The addition of κ-CG above 0.50% facilitated the emulsion gel formation and significantly improved the gel strength with 1326 g. Furthermore, the storage and digestive stability of curcumin were significantly improved as the κ-CG concentration increased. At 1.50% κ-CG, around 80% and 90% curcumin remained after 21-day storage at 45 °C and the 6 h in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, respectively. The addition of 0.50% κ-CG obtained the highest bioaccessibility of curcumin (~60%). This study illustrated the potential of SoPI emulsion gels as a carrier for stabilizing and delivering hydrophobic polyphenols.</p>","PeriodicalId":12506,"journal":{"name":"Gels","volume":"10 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11507120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Adhesive Hydrogel Technology for Enhanced Cartilage Repair: A Preliminary Proof of Concept. 增强软骨修复的粘合剂水凝胶技术:概念的初步验证
IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/gels10100657
Peyman Karami, Robin Martin, Alexis Laurent, Hui Yin Nam, Virginie Philippe, Lee Ann Applegate, Dominique P Pioletti

Knee cartilage has limited natural healing capacity, complicating the development of effective treatment plans. Current non-cell-based therapies (e.g., microfracture) result in poor repair cartilage mechanical properties, low durability, and suboptimal tissue integration. Advanced treatments, such as autologous chondrocyte implantation, face challenges including cell leakage and inhomogeneous distribution. Successful cell therapy relies on prolonged retention of therapeutic biologicals at the implantation site, yet the optimal integration of implanted material into the surrounding healthy tissue remains an unmet need. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a newly developed photo-curable adhesive hydrogel for cartilage repair, focusing on adhesion properties, integration performance, and ability to support tissue regeneration. The proposed hydrogel design exhibited significant adhesion strength, outperforming commercial adhesives such as fibrin-based glues. An in vivo goat model was used to evaluate the hydrogels' adhesion properties and long-term integration into full-thickness cartilage defects over six months. Results showed that cell-free hydrogel-treated defects achieved superior integration with surrounding tissue and enhanced cartilage repair, with notable lateral integration. In vitro results further demonstrated high cell viability, robust matrix production, and successful cell encapsulation within the hydrogel matrix. These findings highlight the potential of adhesive hydrogel formulations to improve the efficacy of cell-based therapies, offering a potentially superior treatment for knee cartilage defects.

膝关节软骨的自然愈合能力有限,使有效治疗方案的制定变得复杂。目前的非细胞疗法(如微骨折)导致修复软骨机械性能差、耐久性低、组织整合不理想。自体软骨细胞植入等先进疗法面临着细胞渗漏和分布不均匀等挑战。成功的细胞疗法有赖于治疗性生物制剂在植入部位的长期存留,但植入材料与周围健康组织的最佳整合仍是一个尚未满足的需求。本研究评估了新开发的光固化粘合剂水凝胶用于软骨修复的效果,重点关注粘合特性、整合性能和支持组织再生的能力。所提出的水凝胶设计具有显著的粘附强度,优于纤维蛋白胶等商业粘合剂。研究人员利用活体山羊模型评估了水凝胶的粘附性能以及与全厚软骨缺损处长达六个月的长期整合。结果表明,无细胞水凝胶处理过的缺损能与周围组织很好地融合,软骨修复能力增强,侧向融合效果显著。体外实验结果进一步证明了水凝胶基质中细胞的高存活率、强大的基质生成和成功的细胞包裹。这些发现凸显了粘合剂水凝胶配方在提高细胞疗法疗效方面的潜力,为膝关节软骨缺损提供了一种潜在的优质疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Evaluation of the Acaricidal Activity of Xantan Gum-Based Hydrogel and Polymeric Nanoparticles Containing Achyrocline satureioides Extract. 开发和评估基于仙丹胶的水凝胶和含有 Achyrocline satureioides 提取物的聚合物纳米粒子的杀螨活性。
IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/gels10100658
Rafaela Regina Fantatto, Annelize Rodrigues Gomes, João Vitor Carvalho Constantini, Camila Fernanda Rodero, Marlus Chorilli, Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas, Ana Melero, Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues Pietro

The Rhipicephalus microplus tick causes enormous economic losses in livestock farming around the world. Despite several promising studies carried out with plant extracts such as Achyrocline satureioides against this ectoparasite, a major obstacle is related to pharmaceutical presentation forms. There is no study showing xantan gum-based hydrogel and polycaprolactone nanoparticles containing A. satureioides extract against R. microplus larvae. The objective of this study was to incorporate A. satureioides extract to develop a nanoformulation (AScn) and a hydrogel (ASlh) and evaluate them against R. microplus larvae with the purpose of increasing the contact time of the extract with the larvae and improve the effectiveness. The ethanolic extracts were incorporated in polycaprolactone nanoparticles and characterized via analysis of the mean hydrodinamic diameter and polidispersity index. The xanthan gum-based hydrogel formulation was prepared with crude extract of A. satureioides 40 mg/mL, 0.25% xanthan gum, and 8% poloxamer, to determine the bioadhesiveness of the formulation in bovine leather and the flow rate of the formulation in the animal. The results in larvae demonstrated that when evaluated in the form of a hydrogel (ASlh), mortality was higher, with 91.48% mortality at a concentration of 20 mg/mL presenting itself as an interesting alternative for controlling this ectoparasite.

Rhipicephalus microplus蜱虫给世界各地的畜牧业造成了巨大的经济损失。尽管利用 Achyrocline satureioides 等植物提取物对这种体外寄生虫进行了多项前景看好的研究,但主要障碍与药物表现形式有关。目前还没有任何研究显示,含有A. satureioides提取物的山丹胶基水凝胶和聚己内酯纳米颗粒可防治R. microplus幼虫。本研究的目的是将 A. satureioides 提取物加入到纳米制剂(AScn)和水凝胶(ASlh)的开发中,并评估它们对 R. microplus 幼虫的作用,目的是增加提取物与幼虫的接触时间,提高药效。乙醇提取物被加入聚己内酯纳米颗粒中,并通过分析平均水动力直径和极分散指数对其进行表征。以黄原胶为基础的水凝胶制剂由40毫克/毫升的A. satureioides粗提取物、0.25%的黄原胶和8%的poloxamer制备而成,以测定制剂在牛皮中的生物粘附性和制剂在动物体内的流动速率。对幼虫的研究结果表明,以水凝胶(ASlh)形式进行评估时,死亡率较高,浓度为 20 毫克/毫升时,死亡率为 91.48%,是控制这种体外寄生虫的一种有趣的替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Aerated Oleogel-Hydrogel Mixtures for 3D Printing of Personalized Cannabis Edibles. 设计充气油凝胶-水凝胶混合物,用于三维打印个性化大麻食品。
IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/gels10100654
Eleftherios G Andriotis, Adamantini Paraskevopoulou, Dimitrios G Fatouros, Hui Zhang, Christos Ritzoulis

Cannabis seed oil oleogel structured with Glycerol Monostearate (20% w/w) was mixed with xanthan gum hydrogel (2% w/w) at different ratios ranging from 0% w/w hydrogel to 75% w/w hydrogel, using a syringe-to-syringe apparatus, for the preparation of 3D-printable food inks. This process enabled the simultaneous blend of oleogel and hydrogel phases and the incorporation of air in a reproducible and accurate manner. The printability of bigel inks with different mass ratios was evaluated by using a conventional benchtop food 3D printer. The printability of the inks was found to be negatively affected by the presence of higher portions of the hydrogel phase, while the printing performance of pure cannabis seed oil oleogel was superior compared to the printing performance of the bigel inks. The physicochemical properties of hybrid gels were investigated with rheological studies, thermophysical studies (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), Polarized Light Microscopy, and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The microstructure of the aerated inks was affected by the presence of a higher oleogel fraction, in terms of air bubble shape and distribution. The addition of hydrogel at concentrations higher than 50% w/w had a strong negative effect on the mechanical properties of the inks leading to a partial collapse of the printed structures and subsequently to poor printing performance.

使用注射器对注射器装置,将单硬脂酸甘油酯(20% w/w)结构的大麻籽油凝胶与黄原胶水凝胶(2% w/w)以从 0% w/w 水凝胶到 75% w/w 水凝胶的不同比例混合,用于制备可三维打印的食品油墨。该工艺可同时混合油凝胶相和水凝胶相,并以可重复和准确的方式加入空气。通过使用传统的台式食品 3D 打印机,对不同质量比的 bigel 油墨的可打印性进行了评估。结果发现,水凝胶相的比例越高,油墨的打印性能越差,而纯大麻籽油油凝胶的打印性能则优于 bigel 油墨。通过流变学研究、热物理研究(差示扫描量热仪)、偏振光显微镜和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜研究了混合凝胶的理化性质。从气泡的形状和分布来看,充气油墨的微观结构受到了较高油凝胶成分的影响。水凝胶的添加浓度高于 50%(重量比)时,会对油墨的机械性能产生强烈的负面影响,导致印刷结构部分坍塌,进而导致印刷性能低下。
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引用次数: 0
Tuning Antioxidant Function through Dynamic Design of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels. 通过壳聚糖水凝胶的动态设计调节抗氧化功能
IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/gels10100655
Manuela Maria Iftime, Gabriela Liliana Ailiesei, Daniela Ailincai

Dynamic chitosan-based hydrogels with enhanced antioxidant activity were synthesized through the formation of reversible imine linkages with 5-methoxy-salicylaldehyde. These hydrogels exhibited a porous structure and swelling capacity, influenced by the crosslinking degree, as confirmed by SEM and POM analysis. The dynamic nature of the imine bonds was characterized through NMR, swelling studies in various media, and aldehyde release measurements. The hydrogels demonstrated significantly improved antioxidant activity compared to unmodified chitosan, as evaluated by the DPPH method. This research highlights the potential of developing pH-responsive chitosan-based hydrogels for a wide range of biomedical applications.

通过与 5-甲氧基水杨醛形成可逆的亚胺连接,合成了具有增强抗氧化活性的动态壳聚糖基水凝胶。经 SEM 和 POM 分析证实,这些水凝胶具有多孔结构,其溶胀能力受交联度的影响。通过核磁共振、在各种介质中的溶胀研究和醛释放测量,确定了亚胺键的动态性质。通过 DPPH 法评估,与未改性壳聚糖相比,水凝胶的抗氧化活性明显提高。这项研究凸显了开发具有 pH 响应性的壳聚糖水凝胶在广泛的生物医学应用中的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The Sol-Gel Process, a Green Method Used to Obtain Hybrid Materials Containing Phosphorus and Zirconium. 用于获得含磷和锆混合材料的绿色方法--溶胶-凝胶工艺。
IF 5 3区 化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/gels10100656
Petru Merghes, Gheorghe Ilia, Bianca Maranescu, Narcis Varan, Vasile Simulescu

The sol-gel process is a green method used in the last few decades to synthesize new organic-inorganic phosphorus-containing hybrid materials. The sol-gel synthesis is a green method because it takes place in mild conditions, mostly by using water or alcohol as solvents, at room temperature. Therefore, the sol-gel method is, among others, a promising route for obtaining metal-phosphonate networks. In addition to phosphorus, the obtained hybrid materials could also contain titanium, zirconium, boron, and other elements, which influence their properties. The sol-gel process has two steps: first, the sol formation, and second, the transition to the gel phase. In other words, the sol-gel process converts the precursors into a colloidal solution (sol), followed by obtaining a network (gel). By using the sol-gel method, different organic moieties could be introduced into an inorganic matrix, resulting in organic-inorganic hybrid structures (sometimes they are also referred as organic-inorganic copolymers).

溶胶-凝胶工艺是过去几十年来用于合成新型有机-无机含磷杂化材料的一种绿色方法。溶胶-凝胶合成法是一种绿色方法,因为它是在温和的条件下进行的,主要是在室温下用水或酒精作为溶剂。因此,溶胶-凝胶法是获得金属膦酸盐网络的一种很有前景的方法。除了磷之外,所获得的混合材料还可能含有钛、锆、硼和其他元素,这些元素都会影响其特性。溶胶-凝胶过程分为两个步骤:第一步是溶胶形成,第二步是向凝胶相过渡。换句话说,溶胶-凝胶过程将前驱体转化为胶体溶液(溶胶),然后形成网络(凝胶)。利用溶胶-凝胶法,可以将不同的有机分子引入无机基体,从而形成有机-无机混合结构(有时也称为有机-无机共聚物)。
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引用次数: 0
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Gels
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