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Control-Oriented Forecasting for Soil Moisture 以控制为导向的土壤湿度预测
IF 4.9 2区 计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2024.3445660
Gregory Conde;Sandra M. Guzmán
The challenge of increasing irrigation efficiency to meet the demands of a growing population while protecting natural resources requires the contributions of multiple disciplines, including engineering, agronomical, horticultural, and environmental sciences. Specifically, automatic control can play a pivotal role in improving irrigation scheduling. In this context, incorporating real-time soil moisture (SM) forecasting in irrigation can potentially improve the efficiency of crop water management. However, the complexity of the analytical models that describe soil-water dynamics limits the development of practical and accurate solutions that include SM forecasting in decision-making. Currently, irrigation decisions are based on present and past SM data. This approach can be enhanced if, in addition to those, future or SM forecasting is incorporated. We formulated an SM model-based moving horizon estimation (MHE) and prediction strategy. For this, we propose a parametrizable blue SM control-oriented prediction model (SMCOPM) that obeys a soil-water balance. The SMCOPM is periodically parametrized using a proposed MHE approach, which provides adaptability, guarantees optimality, prevents overfitting, and ensures the water balance fulfillment and stability of the SMCOPM. The SM forecasting is performed by solving the parametrized SMCOPM as a function of rain, irrigation, and temperature forecasts. We evaluated the MHE and prediction strategy using, as a case study, observed data from a commercial sweetcorn field using subsurface irrigation in South Florida. The results show that by using this strategy, the SM can be predicted three days in advance with an average SM prediction error and a dispersion that significantly improves as the SMCOPM adapts over time, demonstrating convergence toward an error less than 2% and dispersion less than 3%. Consequently, the results corroborate the SMCOPM suitability, the proposed estimation strategy’s quality, and the SM behavior’s predictability. The proposed strategy has the potential for use in formulating predictive control approaches toward automating the irrigation process or scheduling irrigation actions.
提高灌溉效率以满足不断增长的人口需求,同时保护自然资源,这一挑战需要多个学科的贡献,包括工程、农学、园艺和环境科学。具体来说,自动控制在改善灌溉调度中起着关键作用。在这种情况下,将实时土壤水分预测纳入灌溉中可以潜在地提高作物水分管理的效率。然而,描述土壤-水动力学的分析模型的复杂性限制了在决策中包括SM预测的实际和准确解决方案的发展。目前,灌溉决策是基于当前和过去的SM数据。除了这些之外,如果结合未来或SM预测,则可以增强这种方法。提出了一种基于SM模型的移动地平线估计和预测策略。为此,我们提出了一种符合土壤-水平衡的可参数化蓝色SM控制预测模型(SMCOPM)。采用MHE方法对SMCOPM进行周期性参数化,保证了SMCOPM的适应性,保证了最优性,防止了过拟合,确保了SMCOPM水平衡的实现和稳定性。通过将参数化的SMCOPM作为降雨、灌溉和温度预报的函数进行SM预报。作为一个案例研究,我们评估了MHE和预测策略,使用了南佛罗里达州使用地下灌溉的商业甜玉米田的观测数据。结果表明,通过使用该策略,SMCOPM可以提前三天预测SM,平均SM预测误差和离散度随着时间的推移而显著改善,收敛误差小于2%,离散度小于3%。因此,结果证实了SMCOPM的适用性、所提出的估计策略的质量和SM行为的可预测性。所提出的策略有可能用于制定预测控制方法,以实现灌溉过程的自动化或灌溉行动的调度。
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引用次数: 0
Dispersion Sensitive Optimal Control: A Conditional Value-at-Risk-Based Tail Flattening Approach via Sequential Convex Programming 分散敏感最优控制:通过序列凸编程实现基于条件风险值的尾部扁平化方法
IF 4.9 2区 计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2024.3427910
Kazuya Echigo;Oliver Sheridan;Samuel Buckner;Behçet Açıkmeşe
In this brief, we propose a sequential convex programming (SCP) framework for minimizing the terminal state dispersion of a stochastic dynamical system about a prescribed destination—an important property in high-risk contexts such as spacecraft landing. Our proposed approach seeks to minimize the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) of the dispersion, thereby shifting the probability distribution away from the tails. This approach provides an optimization framework that is not overly conservative and can accurately capture more information about true distribution, compared with methods which consider only the expected value, or robust optimization methods. The main contribution of this brief is to present an approach that: 1) establishes an optimization problem with CVaR dispersion cost 2) approximated with one of the two novel surrogates which is then 3) solved using an efficient SCP algorithm. In 2), two approximation methods, a sampling approximation (SA) and a symmetric polytopic approximation (SPA), are introduced for transforming the stochastic objective function into a deterministic form. The accuracy of the SA increases with sample size at the cost of problem size and computation time. To overcome this, we introduce the SPA, which avoids sampling by using an alternative approximation and thus offers significant computational benefits. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that our proposed approaches minimize the CVaR of the dispersion successfully.
在这篇短文中,我们提出了一个顺序凸编程(SCP)框架,用于最小化随机动态系统关于规定目的地的终端状态离散度--这是航天器着陆等高风险情况下的一个重要特性。我们提出的方法旨在最小化分散的条件风险值 (CVaR),从而使概率分布远离尾部。与只考虑期望值的方法或稳健优化方法相比,这种方法提供了一个不过分保守的优化框架,并能准确捕捉真实分布的更多信息。本摘要的主要贡献在于提出了一种方法,它可以1) 建立一个具有 CVaR 分散成本的优化问题;2) 用两种新型代用方法中的一种进行近似;3) 然后使用高效的 SCP 算法进行求解。在 2) 中,引入了两种近似方法,即采样近似(SA)和对称多点近似(SPA),用于将随机目标函数转换为确定形式。抽样近似的精度随样本量的增加而提高,但代价是问题规模和计算时间的增加。为了克服这一问题,我们引入了 SPA,它通过使用另一种近似方法来避免采样,因此在计算上具有显著优势。蒙特卡罗模拟表明,我们提出的方法成功地将离散度的 CVaR 降到了最低。
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引用次数: 0
A Distributed NSB Algorithm for Formation Path Following 用于编队路径跟踪的分布式 NSB 算法
IF 4.9 2区 计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2024.3443703
Josef Matouš;Kristin Y. Pettersen;Damiano Varagnolo;Claudio Paliotta
This article presents a distributed null-space-based behavioral (NSB) algorithm for the formation path-following problem of vehicles moving in three dimensions. The algorithm is applied to fleets of underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The algorithm combines null-space-based control with consensus methods. First, we present a continuous-time version of the algorithm and prove its stability using Lyapunov analysis. Then, we present a discrete-time event-triggered version that, compared to similar formation path-following methods, can achieve the same steady state-error performance with fewer inter-vehicle transmissions. The effectiveness of both the continuous-time and the discrete-time algorithm is verified in numerical simulations. Furthermore, the discrete-time version is tested in experiments.
本文提出了一种基于分布式零空间行为(NSB)的三维车辆编队路径跟踪算法。该算法应用于欠驱动自主水下航行器(auv)舰队。该算法将基于零空间的控制与一致性方法相结合。首先,我们提出了一个连续时间版本的算法,并使用李雅普诺夫分析证明了它的稳定性。然后,我们提出了一个离散时间事件触发的版本,与类似的编队路径跟踪方法相比,它可以在更少的车辆间传输的情况下实现相同的稳态误差性能。数值仿真验证了连续时间算法和离散时间算法的有效性。并对离散时间版本进行了实验验证。
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引用次数: 0
Guest Editorial: Special section on Resilient Control of Cyber-Physical Power and Energy Systems 客座编辑:网络物理电力和能源系统的弹性控制》专栏
IF 4.9 2区 计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2024.3403515
Veronica Adetola;Thomas Edgar;Sai Pushpak Nandanoori;Quanyan Zhu;Craig Rieger;Masoud Abbaszadeh
Our power and energy systems are becoming more and more integrated and interconnected. The increasing integration of edge devices and dependence on cyber infrastructure provides both the potential for benefits and risks. The integration enables more dynamic and flexible control paradigms while at the same time increasing the cyberattack surface and uncertainty of behavior. Control methodology in this new world must be designed for resilience and must have the ability to withstand, react, and respond to both physical faults and cyber-induced threats [1]. Understanding system resilience under adverse conditions requires studying control performance and how cyber infrastructure can integrate with and support the overall resilience of the system.
我们的电力和能源系统正变得越来越集成和互联。边缘设备的集成度越来越高,对网络基础设施的依赖性也越来越大,这既带来了潜在的好处,也带来了风险。集成使控制模式更加动态和灵活,同时也增加了网络攻击面和行为的不确定性。在这个新世界中,控制方法的设计必须具有弹性,必须有能力承受、反应和应对物理故障和网络诱发的威胁[1]。要了解系统在不利条件下的恢复能力,就必须研究控制性能以及网络基础设施如何与系统的整体恢复能力相结合并为其提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Control Co-Design of Hydrokinetic Turbines Considering Dynamic–Hydrodynamic Coupling 考虑动态-水动力耦合的水动力涡轮机控制协同设计
IF 4.9 2区 计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2024.3440249
Boxi Jiang;Mohammad Reza Amini;Yingqian Liao;Kartik Naik;Joaquim R. R. A. Martins;Jing Sun
Hydrokinetic turbine (HKT) controllers are traditionally optimized after determining physical turbine variables. However, simultaneously varying controls and turbine shape by considering the interactions between the control space and the turbine shape can significantly enhance the system performance in contrast to the conventional sequential design approach. This article delves into this prospect by introducing a control co-design (CCD) framework tailored for this simultaneous optimization for a variable-speed HKT rotor. The proposed CCD framework integrates a dynamic-hydrodynamic model that captures the intricate interplay between hydrodynamic performance and control strategies for the HKT under time-varying flow profiles. We systematically investigate cases with diverse control constraints in a time-varying flow environment to explore the coupling between the control space and the physical system. We demonstrate the advantages of the CCD framework over the conventional sequential design methodology through comparative study cases. CCD optimization considering a single flow condition leads to an overly specialized design that underperforms at other off-design conditions. The stochastic nature of the flow thereby highlights the need to account for a broader range of flow speeds in the HKT design process. To address this challenge, we introduce a multipoint CCD optimization that accounts for the annual flow probability distribution. The multipoint CCD approach demonstrates higher annual energy extraction compared to optimizations based on a single flow condition.
传统上,水动力涡轮(HKT)控制器是在确定物理涡轮变量后进行优化的。然而,与传统的顺序设计方法相比,通过考虑控制空间和涡轮形状之间的相互作用,同时改变控制和涡轮形状可以显着提高系统性能。本文通过引入一个控制协同设计(CCD)框架来深入研究这一前景,该框架是为变速HKT转子量身定制的同步优化。提出的CCD框架集成了一个动态-水动力模型,该模型捕捉了时变流型下HKT的水动力性能和控制策略之间复杂的相互作用。我们系统地研究了时变流环境中具有不同控制约束的情况,以探索控制空间与物理系统之间的耦合。我们通过比较研究案例证明了CCD框架相对于传统顺序设计方法的优势。考虑单一流动条件的CCD优化导致过于专业化的设计在其他非设计条件下表现不佳。因此,气流的随机性突出了在香港隧道设计过程中需要考虑更大范围的气流速度。为了解决这一挑战,我们引入了一个多点CCD优化,该优化考虑了年流量概率分布。与基于单一流动条件的优化相比,多点CCD方法显示出更高的年能量提取。
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引用次数: 0
Decentralized Voltage Control of Boost Converters in DC Microgrids: Feasibility Guarantees 直流微电网中升压转换器的分散电压控制:可行性保证
IF 4.9 2区 计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2024.3440228
Morteza Nazari Monfared;Yu Kawano;Michele Cucuzzella
This article deals with the design of a decentralized dynamic control scheme to regulate the voltage of a direct current (dc) microgrid composed of boost converters supplying unknown loads. Moreover, the proposed control scheme guarantees that physical system constraints are satisfied at each time instant. Specifically, we guarantee that the voltages evolve in the positive orthant and that the duty cycle of each boost converter remains within specified bounds. The control design is based on Lyapunov theory and, more precisely, we use a Krasovskii Lyapunov function to estimate a feasible domain of attraction of the closed-loop system. Then, we guarantee that for any initial condition inside the estimated domain of attraction, the desired equilibrium point is asymptotically stable and the physical constraints are satisfied at each time instant. Finally, we assess the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme through extensive and realistic simulation scenarios.
本文研究了一种分散动态控制方案的设计,以调节由升压变换器组成的直流微电网的电压,该微电网由提供未知负载的升压变换器组成。此外,所提出的控制方案保证了在每个时刻都能满足系统的物理约束。具体地说,我们保证电压在正正交方向上演变,并且每个升压变换器的占空比保持在指定的范围内。控制设计基于Lyapunov理论,更准确地说,我们使用Krasovskii Lyapunov函数来估计闭环系统的可行吸引域。然后,我们保证了在估计的引力域中,对于任何初始条件,期望的平衡点在每个时刻都是渐近稳定的,并且满足物理约束。最后,我们通过广泛和现实的仿真场景来评估所提出的控制方案的有效性。
{"title":"Decentralized Voltage Control of Boost Converters in DC Microgrids: Feasibility Guarantees","authors":"Morteza Nazari Monfared;Yu Kawano;Michele Cucuzzella","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3440228","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3440228","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the design of a decentralized dynamic control scheme to regulate the voltage of a direct current (dc) microgrid composed of boost converters supplying unknown loads. Moreover, the proposed control scheme guarantees that physical system constraints are satisfied at each time instant. Specifically, we guarantee that the voltages evolve in the positive orthant and that the duty cycle of each boost converter remains within specified bounds. The control design is based on Lyapunov theory and, more precisely, we use a Krasovskii Lyapunov function to estimate a feasible domain of attraction of the closed-loop system. Then, we guarantee that for any initial condition inside the estimated domain of attraction, the desired equilibrium point is asymptotically stable and the physical constraints are satisfied at each time instant. Finally, we assess the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme through extensive and realistic simulation scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10637465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Learning-Based NMPC Adaptation for Autonomous Driving Using Parallelized Digital Twin 利用并行化数字孪生系统为自动驾驶提供基于学习的 NMPC 适应性
IF 4.8 2区 计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1109/tcst.2024.3437163
Jean Pierre Allamaa, Panagiotis Patrinos, Herman Van der Auweraer, Tong Duy Son
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引用次数: 0
Quantum-Inspired Reinforcement Learning for Quantum Control 量子控制的量子强化学习
IF 4.9 2区 计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2024.3437142
Haixu Yu;Xudong Zhao;Chunlin Chen
Reinforcement learning (RL) is considered a powerful technology with the potential to revolutionize quantum control. However, the application effectiveness of traditional RL is often limited by some insurmountable experimental conditions. Thus, developing new RL algorithms that can efficiently manipulate the quantum system dynamics is a crucial task. Prior research has shown that incorporating quantum mechanical properties into RL can improve learning performance. In this article, we consider the quantum control problem where only the target state can be accurately identified and introduce a quantum-inspired RL (QiRL) method. In particular, we propose a quantum-inspired exploration strategy to replace a commonly used $epsilon $ -greedy strategy, as well as a quantum-inspired reward scheme to incentivize the learning agent. Numerical results on three quantum system control problems, i.e., one-qubit closed quantum system, two-level open quantum system, and many-qubit closed quantum system, verify the effectiveness of QiRL. Comparison results show that the proposed QiRL outperforms existing RL algorithms (deep Q-network and proximal policy optimization) in terms of stability and efficiency for solving quantum control problems.
强化学习(RL)被认为是一项强大的技术,有可能彻底改变量子控制。然而,传统RL的应用效果往往受到一些不可逾越的实验条件的限制。因此,开发能够有效操纵量子系统动力学的新强化学习算法是一项至关重要的任务。先前的研究表明,将量子力学特性纳入强化学习可以提高学习性能。在本文中,我们考虑了只有目标状态才能被准确识别的量子控制问题,并引入了一种量子启发RL (QiRL)方法。特别地,我们提出了一种量子启发的探索策略来取代常用的$epsilon $ -greedy策略,以及一种量子启发的奖励方案来激励学习代理。对单量子比特封闭量子系统、两能级开放量子系统和多量子比特封闭量子系统三个量子系统控制问题的数值结果验证了QiRL的有效性。对比结果表明,本文提出的QiRL算法在解决量子控制问题的稳定性和效率方面优于现有的RL算法(deep Q-network和proximal policy optimization)。
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引用次数: 0
Decentralized, Safe, Multiagent Motion Planning for Drones Under Uncertainty via Filtered Reinforcement Learning 通过过滤强化学习实现不确定性条件下无人机的分散、安全、多代理运动规划
IF 4.9 2区 计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1109/TCST.2024.3433229
Abraham P. Vinod;Sleiman Safaoui;Tyler H. Summers;Nobuyuki Yoshikawa;Stefano Di Cairano
We propose a decentralized, multiagent motion planner that guarantees the probabilistic safety of a team subject to stochastic uncertainty in the agent model and environment. Our scalable approach generates safe motion plans in real-time using off-the-shelf, single-agent reinforcement learning (RL) rendered safe using distributionally robust, convex optimization and buffered Voronoi cells. We guarantee the recursive feasibility of the mean trajectories and mitigate the conservativeness using a temporal discounting of safety. We show in simulation that our approach generates safe and high-performant trajectories as compared to existing approaches, and further validate these observations in physical experiments using drones.
我们提出了一种分散式多代理运动规划器,它能保证团队在代理模型和环境随机不确定性条件下的概率安全。我们的可扩展方法使用现成的单个代理强化学习(RL)实时生成安全的运动计划,并通过分布稳健的凸优化和缓冲 Voronoi 单元实现安全。我们保证了平均轨迹的递归可行性,并利用安全的时间折扣减轻了保守性。我们在模拟中表明,与现有方法相比,我们的方法能生成安全且性能高的轨迹,并在使用无人机进行的物理实验中进一步验证了这些观察结果。
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引用次数: 0
Stochastic Time-Optimal Trajectory Planning for Connected and Automated Vehicles in Mixed-Traffic Merging Scenarios 混合交通并线场景中互联车辆和自动驾驶车辆的随机时间最优轨迹规划
IF 4.8 2区 计算机科学 Q1 AUTOMATION & CONTROL SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1109/tcst.2024.3433206
Viet-Anh Le, Behdad Chalaki, Filippos N. Tzortzoglou, Andreas A. Malikopoulos
{"title":"Stochastic Time-Optimal Trajectory Planning for Connected and Automated Vehicles in Mixed-Traffic Merging Scenarios","authors":"Viet-Anh Le, Behdad Chalaki, Filippos N. Tzortzoglou, Andreas A. Malikopoulos","doi":"10.1109/tcst.2024.3433206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2024.3433206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology
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