Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

Cytotoxicity and Anticancer activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Solanum torvumon Normal Vero and Human Breast Adenocarcinoma MCF-7 Cell Line 龙葵叶水提物与人乳腺腺癌MCF-7细胞系的细胞毒性和抗癌活性

Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.35652/igjps.2022.12016

S. Dhamodaran, Raja Kothandam, Saravanan Ramachandran

Naturalherbalproducts areformulatedwitha combinationofphytoconstituentsfrom plants which play a pivotalrole becauseof their diverse medicinal properties.Limited plants have been screened for their complete biological and pharmacological nature.In the present research workan attempt wasmade to infer the medicinal value of aqueousextract of Solanumtorvum (S.torvum)leaves. Phytochemical analysis of theaqueous extracts of S.torvumleaf in the present study ascertain the presence of flavonoids, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, sterols, proteins and reducing sugars.Further, the potentiality of aqueous extract ofS.torvumleaveswas assessedfor its cytotoxic effecton Normal Verocell lineand anticancer activityonHumanbreast adenocarcinoma cell lineby 3-(4,5dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide assay.A 24-hour incubationcell proliferation studyreducedthe cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.In vitro studieson cytotoxicity analysis on Vero cell line revealed thattheaqueous leaf extract of S.torvumhasno toxicityand further it was foundtobeeffectiveinthepreventionofcellproliferation by MCF-7celllines.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

天然草药产品是由来自植物的植物成分组合而成的，这些植物成分因其不同的药用特性而起着关键作用。有限的植物已筛选其完整的生物学和药理学性质。本研究试图推测茄叶水提物的药用价值。本研究对荆芥水提物进行了植物化学分析，确定了黄酮、酚类、皂苷、生物碱、香豆素、甾醇、蛋白质和还原糖的存在。此外，水提物的潜力。采用3-(4,5 -二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化试验，评价其对正常细胞的细胞毒作用和对人乳腺腺癌细胞的抗癌作用。一项24小时培养细胞增殖研究降低了MCF-7乳腺癌细胞系的细胞活力。体外对Vero细胞株的细胞毒性分析表明，金针叶水提物无毒性，且对mcf -7细胞株的细胞增殖有抑制作用。©2022全球研究与出版基金会。版权所有。

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引用次数: 1

In vitro Inhibitory Effect on Alpha Amylase Enzyme by Polyherbal Dip Tea in Diabetes 多药浸茶对糖尿病患者α淀粉酶的体外抑制作用

Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.35652/igjps.2022.12018

Mohsina F.P, A. Quazi, Faheem I.P, Mohammad A Kamal, Mukim M, Gulzar Ahmed Rather, bhinandan Pati

The presentstudy aims to preparenovel polyherbal formulations in aunique and accessible tea bag form and also analysesthe antidiabetic potentials in vitro.Material and method:The formulation wasmade from Ichnocarpus frutescens(IC), Ficusdalhousiae (FD),Cretevamagna (CM),Alpiniagalanga (AG)andSwertiachirata (SC)herbs andused in this study. Indian medicinal plants i.e.,polyherbalwere subjected to progressivephytochemical analysis and testswere carried outfor the determination of α-amylase inhibitionactivity.The Phytochemical analysis revealedthepresence of Alkaloids,Tannins,Anthraquinone, Flavonoids,Saponinand reducing sugar, as the active compounds. The tea infusions of the aforementioned plants were prepared in differentformulations like F1, F2, F3, and F4. The formulations weretested for antidiabetic activity in vitro through the inhibition of alpha-glycosidase.Results: TheF3 (91.6%) and F4 (92.7%) showedthehigher inhibition data againstporcine pancreatic α-amylase among the Fourformulations. The minimum% alpha-amylase inhibition was recordedin F2 (90.4%)amongthe medicinalactiveplants studied.Conclusion: Hyperglycaemia level is reducedvia a controllable condition of starch breakdown through pancreaticα-amylase inhibitors.Best results were obtained by the infusion containing The F2 formulation which showed significant antidiabetic activity.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

本研究旨在制备一种独特易获取的茶包形式的复方茶包，并分析其体外抗糖尿病作用。材料与方法:本品以Ichnocarpus frutescens(IC)、Ficusdalhousiae (FD)、Cretevamagna (CM)、Alpiniagalanga (AG)和swertiachirata (SC)为原料制备。采用渐进式植物化学分析方法对印度药用植物，即聚草草进行α-淀粉酶抑制活性测定。植物化学分析表明，活性成分为生物碱、单宁、蒽醌、黄酮类化合物、皂苷和还原糖。上述植物的茶泡剂分别以F1、F2、F3、F4等不同配方配制。通过对α -糖苷酶的抑制，测试了该制剂的体外抗糖尿病活性。结果:f3(91.6%)和F4(92.7%)对猪胰腺α-淀粉酶的抑制效果较好。在所研究的药用活性植物中，α -淀粉酶抑制率在F2中最低(90.4%)。结论:胰α-淀粉酶抑制剂可通过控制淀粉分解来降低高血糖水平。F2剂型输注效果最佳，具有显著的抗糖尿病活性。©2022全球研究与出版基金会。版权所有。

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引用次数: 5

Carbapenemase Detection Among Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates Using a Modified Blue-Carba Test 改良蓝碳法检测耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌临床分离株碳青霉烯酶

Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.35652/igjps.2022.12027

E. Tjoa, Shikha Joon, Dianita Angeline, Andrew A. Lieputra, Daniel Edbert, L. Moehario

Objective:Acinetobacter baumanniiis a Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria with carbapenemase-associated antibiotic resistance accounting for a majority of nosocomial infections globally. We sought to detectcarbapenemase producers among carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii(CRAB) clinical isolates using Blue-Carba Test(BCT).Methods: This study was an observational descriptive study. At first, A. baumanniiclinical isolates (142) were collected from January 2014 to September 2017and stored at the Microbiology Laboratoryof the Faculty of Medicine, Atma Jaya Hospital. Next step involved the identification of the carbapenem-resistant isolates using WHONET 5.3 software (https://whonet.org/software.html). Here, Imipenem and Meropenem served as markers. Finally, the identified carbapenem-resistant isolates were subjected to Blue-Carba Test. Results: Among 142 A. baumannii isolates, 51.4% (73/142) were identified as CRAB. Of these, 36 isolates were revived and all were found to be carbapenemase positive. Conclusion: Conclusively, a cent percent (36/36) prevalence of carbapenemase producers was observed in the CRAB group, which is an important clinical finding for antibiotic selection against A. baumannii infection.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

目的:鲍曼不动杆菌是一种革兰氏阴性机会性细菌，具有碳青霉烯酶相关的抗生素耐药性，占全球医院感染的大多数。我们试图用蓝碳试验(BCT)检测耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)临床分离株中碳青霉烯酶的产生物。方法:本研究为观察性描述性研究。首先于2014年1月至2017年9月收集鲍曼单胞杆菌临床分离株(142株)，保存于Atma Jaya医院医学院微生物实验室。下一步是使用WHONET 5.3软件(https://whonet.org/software.html)鉴定碳青霉烯类耐药菌株。这里，亚胺培南和美罗培南作为标记物。最后，对鉴定出的碳青霉烯类耐药菌株进行Blue-Carba试验。结果:142株鲍曼不动杆菌中，鉴定为CRAB的占51.4%(73/142)。其中，36株菌株被复活，所有菌株都呈碳青霉烯酶阳性。结论:螃蟹组碳青霉烯酶产生菌的发生率为1%(36/36)，这对鲍曼不饱和杆菌感染的抗生素选择具有重要的临床意义。©2022全球研究与出版基金会。版权所有。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence, Pathogenesis and Identification of Clinical Risk Factors Associated with Dengue Virus (DENV) 登革病毒(DENV)的流行、发病机制及临床危险因素鉴定

Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.35652/igjps.2022.12023

Mohsina F.P, Faheem I.P, M. Mukim, Shahana Tabassum, Shoheb Tarkash, I. Shah, Abhinandan H. Patil

Dengue, also called the break bone fever. Dengue disease is caused by dengue virus (DENV) having four categories that escalate by the bite of infected Aedes mosquito’s family are Flaviviridae. The infected person shows the signs and symptoms from mild asymptomatic changes with fever to severe deadly dengue hemorrhagicfever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). Nearly 2.5-3 billion people stay in dengue-prone areas with more than 100 million new cases ruled out every year worldwide. Number of Dengue cases has increased tremendous ratio in recent years with sudden risk of the increase in the size of human population. A condition known as viremia (medical term: virus present in blood) occurs due to spread of DENV, which represents high level of viruses in bloodstream of patient. In response the immune system gets activated and produces antibodies against the dengue viral particles, which in turn activates the complement cascade which in combination of the antibodies and WBC get rid of the virus. The cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T) produced by the body immune system, which identifies and destroy infected cells. Dengue spreads drastically, its virus regress the immunity of body. DENV reduces the bodies’ resistance and decreases the Platelets count and Hemoglobin. Fall in blood pressure and bleeding from Nose and Gums, Dehydration can occur. Small blood vessels are fragile, the fluid in the body leaks out, accumulate in the lungs. When there is bleeding, the fluid is accumulated in the stomach it can result to mortality or can be fatal. The DENV-3 infection cause Dengue Viral Hemorrhagicfever (VHFs)which is severe and fatal form of the disease. The main Dengue shock syndrome is the most severe form of Dengue Hemorrhagicfever. Dengue has presently become a complex issue according to pathophysiological, economic and ecologic. In the last 5 decades anumber of treatment strategies and plans to control dengue came out in India, but the scientific studies related to various problems of dengue disease have been a limited resource in the centerswhere treatment was carried out. The key note point to reduce the number of disease related morbidity and mortality has to be carried out by early identification and immediate commencement of proper treatment.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

登革热，也叫断骨热。登革热是由登革热病毒(DENV)引起的疾病，该病毒有四种类型，通过受感染的伊蚊叮咬而升级，其科为黄病毒科。感染者表现出从轻度无症状发热到严重致命登革出血热/登革休克综合征(DHF/DSS)的体征和症状。近25亿至30亿人生活在登革热易发地区，全世界每年排除1亿多新病例。近年来登革热病例数以惊人的速度增长，伴随着人口规模的突然增加。病毒血症(医学术语:存在于血液中的病毒)是由于DENV的传播而发生的，它代表患者血液中的病毒水平很高。作为回应，免疫系统被激活并产生针对登革热病毒颗粒的抗体，这反过来又激活补体级联，抗体和白细胞结合，消除病毒。由身体免疫系统产生的细胞毒性T细胞(CD8+ T)，它能识别并摧毁被感染的细胞。登革热传播迅速，其病毒削弱了机体的免疫力。DENV降低了身体的抵抗力，降低了血小板计数和血红蛋白。血压下降，鼻子和牙龈出血，可能发生脱水。小血管很脆弱，体内的液体漏出，积聚在肺部。当出现出血时，胃液会积聚在胃中，这可能导致死亡或致命。DENV-3感染引起登革病毒出血热(VHFs)，这是该疾病的严重和致命形式。主要的登革休克综合征是登革出血热最严重的形式。登革热目前已成为一个复杂的病理生理、经济和生态问题。在过去的50年里，印度出现了许多控制登革热的治疗策略和计划，但与登革热各种问题相关的科学研究在进行治疗的中心一直是有限的资源。减少与疾病有关的发病率和死亡率的关键要点必须通过早期发现和立即开始适当治疗来实现。©2022全球研究与出版基金会。版权所有。

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引用次数: 0

Telecardiology in the Era of COVID-19: Slaying the Lernaen Hydra of Cardiovascular Disease with the Assistance of a Post-modern Iolaus COVID-19时代的心电学:在后现代Iolaus的帮助下杀死心血管疾病的勒南九头蛇

Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.35652/igjps.2022.12010

C. Tsagkaris, L. Matiashova, Andreas S. Papazoglou, Dimitrios V. Moysidis, A. Loudovikou, A. Alexiou, Mohammad Amjad Kamal

The delivery of healthcare to patients with chronic non-communicable diseases has been challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cardiovascular diseases constitute the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the western world and beyond. Telecardiology services are essential for the continuity of medical care, the prevention,and early diagnosis of disease exacerbations. This is a dire need for both patients, who can experience long-term impairment and decrease in functional independence if left untreated, and healthcare systems, who cannot endure additional burden in times of crisis. The development and maintenance of effective remote care frameworks in this field is a multidisciplinary endeavor, where input and scholarly dialogue in the whole spectrum of applied sciences is valuable. In this context, the authors provide an overview of telecardiology applications, discuss its strengths and weaknesses and elaborate on strategies for safe and effective remote cardiovascular care during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved

在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，向慢性非传染性疾病患者提供医疗保健一直具有挑战性。心血管疾病是西方世界及其他地区发病率和死亡率的主要原因。心脏远程服务对于医疗保健的连续性、预防和疾病恶化的早期诊断至关重要。这对患者和卫生保健系统都是迫切需要的，如果不及时治疗，患者可能会经历长期损伤，功能独立性下降，而卫生保健系统在危机时期无法承受额外的负担。在这一领域开发和维护有效的远程护理框架是一项多学科的努力，在整个应用科学领域的投入和学术对话是有价值的。在此背景下，作者概述了远程心脏病学的应用，讨论了其优势和劣势，并详细阐述了在COVID-19大流行期间和之后安全有效的远程心血管护理策略。©2022全球研究与出版基金会。版权所有

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引用次数: 0

Formulation and Evaluation of Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System 结肠靶向给药系统的研制与评价

Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.35652/igjps.2022.12011

Suruse Pravin, Godbole Mangesh, Bhamre Kumudini, Shivhare Umesh

Purpose:The objective of the present study was to develop colon targeted drug delivery system of Metronidazole using guar gum as the carrier.Methods:Matrix tablets containing various proportions of guar gum were prepared by direct compression technique. Rapidly disintegrating Metronidazole core tablets were prepared and compression coated with guar gum and 20% of microcrystalline cellulose. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, drug uniformity and subjected to in vitro drug release studies under conditions mimicking mouth to colon transit. Results and Conclusions: The FTIR study indicates no possible interaction between Metronidazole and carriers. The tablets were found within the permissible limits for various physiological parameters. In vitro drug release studies in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution containing rat cecal contents have demonstrated the susceptibility of guar gum to the colonic bacterial enzyme action with consequent drug release. The pretreatment of rats orally with 1 ml of 2% w/v aqueous dispersion of guar gum for 7 d induced enzyme specifically acting on guar gum thereby increasing drug release. Dissolution studies were performed in 0.1N HCl for 2 h, in pH 7.4 buffer for 3 h and pH 6.8 up to 24 h. The cumulative percentage of drug release of Metronidazole after 24 h in pH 6.8 phosphatebuffers was found to be 98.51±0.02, 86.69±0.02, 84.55±0.04, 39.31±0.02, 24.60±0.02, 18.85±0.02 for formulation F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6. It can be concluded that formulation F1 is considered a potential formulation for targeting the drug to the colon. The results showed that guar gum protects the drug from being release completely in the physiological environment of stomach and small intestine.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

目的:建立以瓜尔胶为载体的甲硝唑结肠靶向给药系统。方法:采用直接加压法制备不同比例瓜尔胶基质片。制备快速崩解的甲硝唑芯片，并以瓜尔胶和20%微晶纤维素包被。对其硬度、厚度、均匀性进行了评价，并在模拟口腔到结肠转运的条件下进行了体外释药研究。结果与结论:FTIR研究表明，甲硝唑与携带者之间不存在相互作用。这些片剂在各种生理参数的允许范围内。在含有大鼠盲肠内容物的pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲溶液中进行的体外药物释放研究表明，瓜尔胶对结肠细菌酶的作用具有敏感性，并随之释放药物。大鼠口服2% w/v瓜尔胶水分散体1ml预处理7 d，诱导酶特异性作用于瓜尔胶，从而增加药物释放。在0.1N HCl中溶出2 h，在pH 7.4的缓冲液中溶出3 h，在pH 6.8的缓冲液中溶出24 h，发现F1、F2、F3、F4、F5和F6配方中，甲硝唑在pH 6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中24 h的累积释药率分别为98.51±0.02、86.69±0.02、84.55±0.04、39.31±0.02、24.60±0.02、18.85±0.02。可以得出结论，配方F1被认为是一种潜在的针对结肠的药物配方。结果表明，瓜尔胶对药物在胃和小肠的生理环境中完全释放有保护作用。©2022全球研究与出版基金会。版权所有。

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引用次数: 5

Charota (Cassia tora) Gum: A Potential Element as Suspending Agent, An Investigation of Suitability forDevelopment of Paracetamol Suspension 肉桂胶:一种潜在的悬浮剂，对扑热息痛悬浮剂的适宜性研究

Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.35652/igjps.2022.12029

K. Sarwa, P. Vishwakarma, V. Suryawanshi, Dhaneshwar Uraon, M. Sao

Background: Charota (Cassia tora)gum is well reported as an additivefor food product and generally recognized as safe” (GRAS). It is obtained from the seedof the herbaceousplantsof the Caesalpiniaceaefamily. The plant's seedcontainsgluco-mannose polysaccharides, which swell in water and form a colloidaldispersion with increasing viscosity.This property of the gum was exploredto use as a suspending agent for the preparation ofparacetamolsuspension. Result: In the present investigation, charota gum was extracted from the plant and used as a suspending agent in a range of 2-4% w/v in preparation of paracetamol suspension(5% w/v). The investigation has beenperformed comparedwith gum acacia, tragacanth,and gelatin at a similar range of 2-4% w/v.The parameters like sedimentation profile, rheological studies, redispersibility, pH, anddissolution rate were determinedtoevaluatesuspending abilityof Cassia toragum. Conclusion: A comparative datawith other gum reported a higher viscosity and lowest zeta potential for the suspension prepared with Charota gum. At different concentrations, itshowed better suspending ability and redispersibility compare, and it was stable throughout the storage period of 6 weeks. The study's dataconclude that charota gum produced flocculated suspension,redispersedintheleast no of shakespost sedimentation.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.Cite this article as:Sarwa, K.K.; Vishwakarma, P.K.; Suryawanshi, V.K.; Uraon, D.;Sao, M.Charota (Cassia tora) Gum: A Potential Element as Suspending Agent, An Investigation of Suitability For Development of Paracetamol Suspension.Indo Global J. Pharm. Sci., 2022; 12:228-236.

背景:据报道，夏罗达(Cassia tora)口香糖是一种食品添加剂，通常被认为是安全的。它是从苜蓿科草本植物的种子中提取的。该植物的种子含有葡萄糖-甘露糖多糖，在水中膨胀，形成胶状分散体，粘度增加。研究了该胶的这一特性，并将其作为悬浮剂用于制备扑热息痛混悬液。结果:从该植物中提取夏洛特胶，以2 ~ 4% w/v的悬浮剂制备对乙酰氨基酚悬浮剂(5% w/v)。在2-4% w/v的相似范围内，与金合欢胶、黄花胶和明胶进行了比较。测定沉降剖面、流变学研究、再分散性、pH值和溶解速率等参数来评价决明子的悬浮能力。结论:夏洛特胶制备的悬浮液具有较高的粘度和最低的zeta电位。在不同浓度下，其悬浮力和再分散性均较好，且在6周的贮存期内保持稳定。研究数据表明，砂胶产生絮凝悬浮液，沉淀后再分散最少。©2022全球研究与出版基金会。版权所有。引用本文如下:Sarwa, K.K.;Vishwakarma P.K.;Suryawanshi V.K.;Uraon, D.;Sao, M.Charota (Cassia tora) Gum:一种潜在的悬浮剂，对扑热息痛悬浮剂的适宜性研究。印度国际制药公司。科学。, 2022;12:228 - 236。

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引用次数: 1

Isolation and Characterization of Principle Bioactive Compounds from Ulva fasciata 筋膜榆中主要生物活性成分的分离与鉴定

Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.35652/igjps.2022.12014

Ch. V. A. Sasikala, D. Geetharamani, Natarajan Swetha

Microorganisms have developed new strategies to evade the action of antibiotics leading to multiple drug resistant bacterial strains, leading to an increasing demand in screening for new therapeutic drugs from natural product. Marine organisms are identified as a potential source of novel bioactive compounds. With this in view the study was undertaken to explore the principle bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity from green seaweed Ulva fasciata.Seaweeds possess bioactive compounds and they have been found toexhibit biological activity against human pathogens. Extraction of the seaweed was carried out using ethanol. The extract was screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity against various bacterial and fungal human pathogens by disc diffusion assay. The bioactive compound present in seaweed was identified using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry.The ethanolic extract of U. fasciata showed wide range of activity against Gram negative bacterial and few fungal pathogens, while the extract was effective only against Enterococcus faecalisamong the Gram-positive organisms selected for the study. The ethanolic extract of U. fasiatawas subjected to antibacterial activity guided fractionation which led to the separation of the bioactive compound Cholest–5-en-3-ol.The result of present study revealed that the extracts of the seaweed showed potential antimicrobial activity against thetested pathogens. The presence of the bioactive compound makes the seaweed an effective drug of choice for treating various bacterial infections. Hence it is concluded Cholest-5-en-3-ol isolated from U. fasciatacan be used as a potential bioactive compound for therapeutic purpose.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

微生物已经发展出新的策略来逃避抗生素的作用，导致多重耐药菌株，导致从天然产物中筛选新的治疗药物的需求不断增加。海洋生物被认为是新型生物活性化合物的潜在来源。在此基础上，对绿海藻中具有抗菌活性的主要生物活性化合物进行了研究。海藻具有生物活性化合物，它们已被发现对人类病原体具有生物活性。用乙醇提取海藻。采用圆盘扩散法筛选提取液对多种细菌和真菌致病菌的抑菌活性。采用气相色谱和质谱法对海藻中的生物活性化合物进行了鉴定。对革兰氏阴性菌和少量真菌病原菌的抑菌活性较广，而对革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌活性仅为粪肠球菌。采用抗菌活性引导分离的方法，分离出具有生物活性的化合物胆碱- 5-烯-3-醇。本研究结果表明，海藻提取物对所检测的病原菌具有潜在的抑菌活性。生物活性化合物的存在使海藻成为治疗各种细菌感染的有效药物选择。因此，从筋膜藤中分离的胆甾醇-5-烯-3-醇可作为一种潜在的生物活性化合物用于治疗。©2022全球研究与出版基金会。版权所有。

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引用次数: 0

A Review on Computational Software Tools for Drug Design and Discovery 用于药物设计和发现的计算软件工具综述

Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.35652/igjps.2022.12006

Jimish R. Patel, H. Joshi, Ujashkumar A. Shah, Jayvadan K. Patel

In the current era of modern drug design & development via computer-aided drug design, the potential role of computational software tools is widely enlarged in use. Computer-based drug design is revolutionary in the new drug discovery process because these processes are fast, time, and cost-saving with more efficient pharmacological activity. Computer-Based drug design is mainly applied for the drug-design and gets many successes in new drug research. There is plenty of software available in drug design; however; still, many issues are rising during its use. To clarify these issues, an attempt has been provided here in this article about the information about worldwide used 189 computation tools along with citation of software tools, download links, computer operative system and application of tools for available software such as Molecular modeling, docking, proteins conformation, pharmacophore mapping, ADMET, Docking pose visualization, force field calculation, homology modeling, 3D structure generator, Computational Crystallography, protein Database, and calculation software. This vital information enlightens all the software right from old to a recent one. Review article important for choice and application of wide-reaching used Drug Design software.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

在通过计算机辅助药物设计进行现代药物设计和开发的当今时代，计算软件工具的潜在作用在使用中被广泛扩大。基于计算机的药物设计在新药发现过程中具有革命性意义，因为这些过程快速，省时，节省成本，具有更有效的药理活性。计算机药物设计主要应用于药物设计，在新药研究中取得了许多成功。在药物设计中有很多可用的软件;然而;不过，在使用过程中也出现了许多问题。为了澄清这些问题，本文尝试提供了世界范围内使用的189种计算工具的信息，并提供了软件工具的引用、下载链接、计算机操作系统和可用软件工具的应用，如分子建模、对接、蛋白质构象、药团映射、ADMET、对接姿态可视化、力场计算、同源建模、3D结构生成器、计算晶体学、蛋白质数据库，计算软件。这个重要的信息启发了所有的软件，从老软件到新软件。综述文章对广泛使用的药物设计软件的选择和应用具有重要意义。©2022全球研究与出版基金会。版权所有。

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引用次数: 7

A Virulent Disease Called Monkeypox: A Case Report ofCountries in Africa Where The Disease is Endemic 一种叫做猴痘的致命疾病:一份非洲国家猴痘流行病例报告

Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.35652/igjps.2022.12030

Michael P. Okoh, Kenneth C., Nwachukwu

Cases of Monkeypox continue to rise and the World Health Organization (WHO), declared it a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). A virus called monkey pox causes the disease and it is zoonotic. The epidemiological surveillance from 1981-1986 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) a country in Africa were the disease is endemic, documented only 338 cases. Previously, 90% of the affected personswere children approximately 15 years of age at leastin the endemic countries in Africa. BeyondAfrica, 99% cases ofthe current outbreak were found in men and of those, 98% involved men who have sex with men implying it is being transmitted through sexual activities. Crowded living quarters, poor hygiene, discontinuation of the smallpox vaccination, amongst others wereimplicated in the human to human transmission. The symptoms of the disease includes, viremia with 1-2 days of fever and lymphadenopathy before lesions appear. Patients at this stage may be contagious. For treatments, there are no known clinically proventreatments for the disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are used for specific diagnosisand smallpox vaccines are effective against the disease. Table 1 shows cases from Africa union member countries (AUMC), and Congo Republic, Cameroon and DRC, have a high cumulative frequency(CFR) of occurrence(43, 5.6 and 4.1%), respectively (see Fig 2). The vaccine is not readily available in these endemic countries thus, donors countries needs to collaborate with researchers and health officials to determine what these endemic countries in the global south requires towards enabling scale up in response to this disease. ©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

猴痘病例继续上升，世界卫生组织(世卫组织)宣布其为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。一种叫做猴痘的病毒引起这种疾病，它是人畜共患的。在非洲国家刚果民主共和国(DRC) 1981-1986年的流行病学监测中，该病为地方性疾病，仅记录了338例病例。以前，至少在非洲流行国家，90%的感染者是15岁左右的儿童。在非洲以外，99%的病例是男性，其中98%是男男性行为者，这意味着它是通过性行为传播的。拥挤的住所，恶劣的卫生条件，停止接种天花疫苗，以及其他与人际传播有关的因素。该病的症状包括病毒血症伴1-2天发热和出现病变前的淋巴结肿大。这个阶段的病人可能具有传染性。至于治疗方法，目前还没有已知的临床预防方法。聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增用于特异性诊断，天花疫苗对该疾病有效。表1显示了来自非洲联盟成员国(AUMC)以及刚果共和国、喀麦隆和刚果民主共和国的病例，这些国家的累计发病率(CFR)分别很高(43.6%和4.1%)(见图2)。在这些流行国家，疫苗并不容易获得，因此，捐助国需要与研究人员和卫生官员合作，以确定南半球这些流行国家需要什么来扩大对这种疾病的应对。©2022全球研究与出版基金会。版权所有。

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引用次数: 2