International Journal of Production Economics最新文献_第8页

Optimization of cooperation mode and decision strategy in online game supply chain 网络游戏供应链合作模式与决策策略优化

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109852

Longmei Tian , Bneyong Hu , Chao Mneg

This study examines sustainability cooperation within online game supply chains. First, we develop three cooperation models, including transactional cooperation, operational cooperation, and strategic cooperation, based on Nash bargaining. These models capture the variations in operators' investment levels and revenue-sharing mechanisms across the supply chain. Through equilibrium analysis, we identify the optimal decision strategies for each model and elucidate their distinct characteristics. Second, our findings reveal that investment behaviors in the online game supply chain differ fundamentally from those in physical product supply chains. Specifically, enterprises in the online game sector exhibit complementary, rather than substitutive, investment behaviors. Furthermore, within the strategic cooperation model, profit distribution is significantly influenced by both the relative bargaining power of the enterprises and the disparities in their comprehensive input-output effects. Finally, strategic cooperation can maximize supply chain performance. However, if enterprises select strategic cooperation, they need to consider the relationship between the gap in their comprehensive input-output effects and bargaining power on the basis of price. Moreover, this study validates its main conclusions as robust.

本研究考察了网络游戏供应链中的可持续性合作。首先，基于纳什议价理论，构建了交易型合作、运营型合作和战略型合作三种合作模式。这些模型反映了整个供应链中运营商投资水平和收益分享机制的变化。通过均衡分析，我们确定了每个模型的最优决策策略，并阐明了它们各自的特点。其次，我们的研究结果表明，网络游戏供应链中的投资行为与实体产品供应链中的投资行为存在根本差异。具体而言，网络游戏领域企业的投资行为表现为互补性，而非替代性。此外，在战略合作模式下，企业的相对议价能力和企业的综合投入产出效应差异对利润分配有显著影响。最后，战略合作可以使供应链绩效最大化。但是，如果企业选择战略合作，则需要考虑企业综合投入产出效应差距与基于价格的议价能力之间的关系。此外，本研究验证了其主要结论的稳健性。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal decision making considering retailer fairness concerns in a supply chain under advance selling 考虑零售商公平的预售供应链最优决策

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109835

Yuan Chen , Tengfei Nie , Shaofu Du , Minjian Liu

When market demand is uncertain, manufacturers who produce seasonal products may adopt an advance selling strategy to sell these products to retailers in advance. This study develops a two-period Stackelberg game model. In the advance period, the manufacturer first sets the wholesale price, allowing the retailer to order products in advance. Then, in the spot period, the manufacturer determines the wholesale price of this period, and the retailer can order products again. Finally, all ordered products are sold at the retail price in this period. Considering that the retailer exhibits fairness concerns, this study investigates whether and how the psychological factor affects the manufacturer’s wholesale prices, the retailer’s order quantities, and the profits of both parties. Through comparative analysis, we find that the retailer’s fairness concerns lead the manufacturer to lower the wholesale price in the spot period, with the extent of the price reduction increasing with the strength of fairness concerns. However, it will remain unchanged after it increases to a certain threshold. Although the retailer’s fairness concerns negatively impact the manufacturer, the manufacturer’s profit remains larger than that of the retailer. Additionally, when the product quantity provided by the manufacturer is relatively large and the retailer’s strength of fairness concerns is large, we also find that the retailer may prefer to forgo ordering products in the advance period and instead order more products in the spot period.

当市场需求不确定时，生产季节性产品的制造商可能会采取提前销售策略，将这些产品提前销售给零售商。本研究建立了一个两期Stackelberg博弈模型。在预购期，制造商首先设定批发价格，允许零售商提前订购产品。然后，在现货期，制造商确定这一时期的批发价格，零售商可以再次订购产品。最后，所有订购的产品在此期间以零售价销售。考虑到零售商表现出公平关注，本研究考察了心理因素是否以及如何影响制造商的批发价格、零售商的订单数量以及双方的利润。通过对比分析，我们发现零售商的公平考虑导致制造商在现货期降低批发价格，并且降价幅度随着公平考虑的强度而增加。但增加到一定阈值后保持不变。尽管零售商的公平关切对制造商产生了负面影响，但制造商的利润仍然大于零售商。此外，当制造商提供的产品数量较大，零售商的公平关注强度较大时，我们还发现零售商可能更倾向于放弃提前订购产品，而在现货期订购更多的产品。

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引用次数: 0

Insights from lower-tier ICT suppliers: How network centrality in multi-tier supply chain relationships affects buyer financial performance 来自底层ICT供应商的见解：多层供应链关系中的网络中心性如何影响买方的财务绩效

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109840

Kara Li Liu , Koray Özpolat , Seung Kyoon Shin

Information and communication technology (ICT) outsourcing to suppliers has the potential to enhance buyers' product innovation and overall performance. However, the impact of technology outsourcing to lower-tier suppliers on buyers' financial performance in multi-tier supply chain networks remains unclear. Unlike prior dyadic studies that focus on a buyer-tier1 supplier perspective, our study extends the analytical scope to encompass buyer, tier-1, and tier-2 ICT supplier triads using multi-tier supply network data from Capital IQ. Building on existing literature indicating that a buyer's betweenness centrality negatively affects its financial performance, we further find that tier-1 suppliers' betweenness centrality also exhibits a negative relationship with buyers' financial performance. In addition, we provide the empirical evidence that a buyer's timely supplier payment amplifies the positive effect of buyer degree centrality on its financial performance, while alleviating the positive effect of tier-1 suppliers' degree centrality on buyers' financial performance. Interestingly, timely supplier payment negatively moderates the association between a buyer's closeness centrality and its financial performance, but positively moderates the corresponding association between tier-1 supplier closeness centrality and buyer financial performance. Our empirical analysis advances theoretical understanding of lower-tier suppliers and sheds light on the bridging role of tier-1 suppliers in the literature of multi-tier supply chain relationships. These findings highlight the benefits of technology-enabled multi-tier supply network structures and their interactions with the buyer-tier1 supplier relationships. This study also provides practical insights for firms to improve financial outcomes through strategic ICT outsourcing to multi-layer suppliers.

信息和通信技术（ICT）外包给供应商有可能提高买家的产品创新和整体绩效。然而，在多层供应链网络中，较低层次供应商的技术外包对买方财务绩效的影响尚不清楚。与以往侧重于买方-一级供应商视角的二元研究不同，我们的研究使用Capital IQ的多层供应网络数据，将分析范围扩展到包括买方、一级和二级ICT供应商三元组。在现有文献表明买方中间性中心性对其财务绩效有负向影响的基础上，我们进一步发现一级供应商中间性中心性与买方财务绩效也呈负向关系。此外，我们还提供了经验证据，证明买方及时向供应商付款放大了买方程度中心性对其财务绩效的正向影响，而减轻了一级供应商程度中心性对买方财务绩效的正向影响。有趣的是，供应商及时付款负向调节了买方亲密度中心性与其财务绩效之间的关联，但正向调节了一级供应商亲密度中心性与买方财务绩效之间的关联。我们的实证分析提高了对较低层次供应商的理论认识，并阐明了多层次供应链关系文献中一级供应商的桥梁作用。这些发现强调了技术支持的多层供应网络结构及其与买方-第一级供应商关系的相互作用的好处。本研究也为企业透过资讯通讯科技外包给多层供应商以改善财务结果提供实务见解。

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引用次数: 0

An intelligent Digital Twin based on machine learning for interpretable decision-making in manufacturing 基于机器学习的制造业可解释决策智能数字孪生

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109841

Stefano Genetti, Giorgio Scarton, Marco Formentini, Giovanni Iacca

In the context of Industry 4.0, several technologies converge to orchestrate improvements in business performance. Among these, Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twins stand out as some of the most promising. These two technologies are connected through the concept of intelligent Digital Twins (iDTs), which enhance standard Digital Twins with intelligent capabilities while keeping humans at the core of the process. One of the main obstacles to the broad adoption of iDTs in operations and supply chain management is the reliance on opaque AI models, which often limit trust and acceptability among operations experts and managers. To address this, it is critical to design iDTs that not only leverage the advanced capabilities of AI but also provide interpretable and actionable insights to stakeholders. In this paper, we present an action research in Adige Spa to develop an iDT framework for production scheduling. Our framework integrates interpretable machine learning techniques, employing evolutionary learning to produce decision trees that are transparent by design. Additionally, we incorporate Large Language Models to explain decision tree policies in natural language, enhancing user understanding. The framework also facilitates human interaction, allowing users to express preferences and guide the tree learning process. Results in a hybrid flow shop setting demonstrate that the proposed iDT framework delivers interpretable and effective decision-support policies while empowering users to influence and refine its outcomes, hence bridging the gap between AI-driven insights and real-world applicability.

在工业4.0的背景下，几种技术融合在一起，以协调业务绩效的改进。其中，人工智能和数字双胞胎是最有前途的。这两种技术通过智能数字双胞胎（iDTs）的概念连接在一起，它通过智能功能增强了标准数字双胞胎，同时将人类置于流程的核心。在运营和供应链管理中广泛采用人工智能的主要障碍之一是对不透明的人工智能模型的依赖，这往往限制了运营专家和管理人员之间的信任和可接受性。为了解决这个问题，关键是要设计不仅利用人工智能的先进功能，而且为利益相关者提供可解释和可操作的见解的idt。在本文中，我们提出了一个行动研究阿迪格温泉开发生产调度的iDT框架。我们的框架集成了可解释的机器学习技术，采用进化学习来产生设计透明的决策树。此外，我们结合了大型语言模型来用自然语言解释决策树策略，提高用户的理解能力。该框架还促进了人类互动，允许用户表达偏好并指导树学习过程。混合流程车间设置的结果表明，拟议的iDT框架提供了可解释和有效的决策支持政策，同时授权用户影响和改进其结果，从而弥合了人工智能驱动的见解与现实世界适用性之间的差距。

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引用次数: 0

Used product resale through a manufacturer-operated customer-to-customer platform: Profitability and environmental impacts under third-party competition 通过制造商运营的客户对客户平台进行二手产品转售：第三方竞争下的盈利能力和环境影响

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109833

Yu Xue , Ozgun Caliskan Demirag

The growing use of third-party customer-to-customer (C2C) platforms has transformed secondhand markets by enabling consumers to trade used goods with ease. Alongside these third-party platforms, some manufacturers have launched free, self-operated C2C platforms to facilitate the resale of their own used products and support sustainability goals. We examine the economic and environmental impacts of encouraging secondhand trade through such manufacturer-operated platforms in the presence of a third-party platform. Using a two-period product lifecycle embedded in an infinite-horizon framework, we analyze three scenarios: no C2C platform, a third-party C2C platform, and the coexistence of a third-party and a self-operated C2C platform. Our findings reveal that when a third-party platform exists, self-operated resale platforms enhance profitability for manufacturers with strong brand recognition, given viable resale activity. Strong brand recognition enables these firms to attract a sufficient volume of secondhand transactions to their own platform. In contrast, manufacturers with weaker brand visibility incur profitability losses from such initiatives. For low-durability products, self-operated platforms can simultaneously deliver higher profit and lower environmental impact, aligning financial and sustainability outcomes for firms with strong brand recognition. However, introducing a self-operated C2C platform alongside a third-party option is not always environmentally beneficial. For moderate-durability products, such platforms worsen environmental outcomes even though profitability may increase. From the consumer perspective, sellers benefit from higher resale prices, while buyers face increased costs for used goods when a self-operated C2C platform is introduced alongside a third-party option.

越来越多的第三方客户对客户（C2C）平台的使用使消费者能够轻松地交易二手商品，从而改变了二手市场。除了这些第三方平台，一些制造商还推出了免费的自营C2C平台，以促进自己二手产品的转售，并支持可持续发展目标。我们研究了在第三方平台存在的情况下，通过制造商运营的平台鼓励二手贸易对经济和环境的影响。采用嵌入无限视界框架的两期产品生命周期，分析了无C2C平台、第三方C2C平台、第三方与自营C2C平台共存三种场景。我们的研究结果表明，当第三方平台存在时，自营转售平台可以提高具有强大品牌认知度的制造商的盈利能力，并提供可行的转售活动。强大的品牌认知度使这些公司能够吸引足够数量的二手交易到他们自己的平台上。相比之下，品牌知名度较低的制造商则会因此类举措而蒙受盈利损失。对于低耐用性产品，自营平台可以同时提供更高的利润和更低的环境影响，使具有强大品牌认知度的公司的财务和可持续性结果保持一致。然而，在引入第三方选项的同时引入自营C2C平台并不总是对环境有利。对于中等耐用性的产品，即使盈利能力可能会增加，这种平台也会恶化环境后果。从消费者的角度来看，卖家从更高的转售价格中受益，而当自营C2C平台与第三方选项一起引入时，买家将面临二手商品成本的增加。

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引用次数: 0

A deep fusion framework for end-to-end multi-product inventory optimization in e-commerce scenarios 面向电子商务场景的端到端多产品库存优化的深度融合框架

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109839

Shan Chen , Meizhen Zhu , Shuihua Han , Shivam Gupta

Inventory management has become extremely difficult in the e-commerce industry due to the variety of products, the complexity and unpredictability of demand, and the frequency of discounts. According to previous research,it is simple to arrive at the local optimal solution using the traditional two-step method, which first predicts needs and then optimizes inventory. This method ignores the relationship between items and the impact of promotions. To address the challenges of multi-period and multi-product inventory management in the e-commerce scenario, this paper proposes an end-to-end integrated optimization model based on deep learning. This model first uses the Dynamic Programming or Rolling Horizon Control with Integer Linear Programming to determine the ideal order quantity within each ordering cycle by leveraging historical data, which is then used as a training label. Subsequently, a Multi-Product Inventory Optimization Neural Network model (MPIONN) is designed. This model integrates modules such as Long Short-Term Memory networks, attention mechanisms, and Graph Convolutional Networks to model the time dependence of demand, promotional activity information, and multi-product correlations respectively. Finally, the optimal order quantity is output through multi-source information fusion. By introducing an end-to-end differentiable mapping between features learning and inventory optimization, we eliminate error accumulation across sequential stages. This study validates the proposed method using a large-scale e-commerce dataset. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the total inventory cost, effectively balance the inventory holding cost and the stock-out cost, and outperforms existing integrated optimization methods and two-stage methods in terms of performance.

由于产品的多样性、需求的复杂性和不可预测性以及折扣的频繁性，库存管理在电子商务行业变得极其困难。根据以往的研究，采用传统的先预测需求再优化库存的两步法求解局部最优解比较简单。此方法忽略了项目之间的关系和促销的影响。针对电子商务场景下多周期、多产品库存管理的挑战，本文提出了一种基于深度学习的端到端集成优化模型。该模型首先使用动态规划或滚动地平线控制与整数线性规划，利用历史数据确定每个订购周期内的理想订货量，然后将其用作训练标签。随后，设计了多产品库存优化神经网络模型（MPIONN）。该模型集成了长短期记忆网络、注意机制和图卷积网络等模块，分别对需求、促销活动信息和多产品相关性的时间依赖性进行建模。最后通过多源信息融合输出最优订货量。通过引入特征学习和库存优化之间的端到端可微映射，我们消除了连续阶段的误差积累。本研究使用大型电子商务数据集验证了所提出的方法。实验结果表明，本文提出的算法能够显著降低总库存成本，有效平衡库存持有成本和缺货成本，性能优于现有的集成优化方法和两阶段优化方法。

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引用次数: 0

Interactions between supply chain financing and information transparency 供应链融资与信息透明的相互作用

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109837

Ningning Du , Zhongfeng Qin , Yingchen Yan

The practice in recent years shows information transparency between supply chain members is increasingly becoming a major concern for the realization of internal financing. To address this, we investigate how the manufacturer’s internal financing strategy interacts with an informed retailer’s information sharing (IS) strategy under a monopoly or competition supply chain. We establish an analytical model, where the manufacturer may provide a financial support for a capital-constrained retailer. The retailer possesses a demand information advantage over the manufacturer and holds an option to share it with the manufacturer. The main findings are shown as following. First, we present the retailer may strategically utilize IS policy to induce the manufacturer to provide financial services when the external financing rate is moderate and expected demand is low. Second, we extend our findings to a competitive environment. With the enhanced competition intensity, the internal financing willingness is strengthened, whereas the IS willingness is weakened. In this context, the manufacturer becomes more willing to provide financial assistance for the retailer to alleviate the negative effect from market competition. With such enhanced internal financing willingness from the manufacturer, the retailer becomes less willing to adopt IS policy.

近年来的实践表明，供应链成员之间的信息透明日益成为企业实现内部融资的主要关注点。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了在垄断或竞争供应链下，制造商的内部融资策略如何与知情零售商的信息共享（IS）策略相互作用。我们建立了一个分析模型，其中制造商可以为资金受限的零售商提供财务支持。零售商比制造商拥有需求信息优势，并拥有与制造商共享需求信息的选择权。主要研究结果如下。首先，我们提出当外部融资利率适中且预期需求较低时，零售商可以策略性地利用IS政策诱导制造商提供金融服务。其次，我们将研究结果扩展到竞争环境。随着竞争强度的增强，内部融资意愿增强，而is意愿减弱。在这种情况下，制造商更愿意为零售商提供资金援助，以减轻市场竞争的负面影响。由于制造商内部融资意愿的增强，零售商采取IS政策的意愿降低。

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引用次数: 0

Benchmarking supplier performance: How scorecard comparisons and supply risk influence termination decisions 供应商绩效基准：记分卡比较和供应风险如何影响终止决策

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109838

Neale G. O'Connor , Jorge Romero , Kaveh Asiaei

This study examines how supplier termination decisions are influenced by scorecard performance, peer supplier performance, and component supply risk in multisourcing supply chains. While supplier selection has been extensively studied, supplier termination remains underexplored, particularly in dynamic industries like electronics manufacturing. Drawing from agency theory, we examine how relative performance evaluation (RPE) mechanisms and supply risk shape termination decisions. Using proprietary data from a major electronics firm covering 78 suppliers across 15 components over 42 months, we provide novel evidence that firms employ comparative evaluation rather than absolute performance thresholds. Supplier scorecard improvements significantly increase survival probability, while strong peer performance decreases survival probability for other suppliers, demonstrating RPE effectiveness. However, component supply risk systematically moderates these relationships through distinct mechanisms: supplier scarcity weakens both own performance and peer performance effects on termination decisions. In contrast, component specialization selectively reduces peer performance effects but does not moderate own performance effects. These patterns reflect situations where supply constraints limit performance-based termination effectiveness. The study contributes by extending agency theory's RPE to inter-firm settings and demonstrating how different supply risk dimensions selectively moderate different performance evaluation types. These insights guide supply chain managers in understanding when performance-based termination criteria are most effective.

本研究探讨了在多源供应链中，供应商终止决策如何受到记分卡绩效、同行供应商绩效和零部件供应风险的影响。虽然供应商选择已被广泛研究，但供应商终止仍未得到充分探讨，特别是在电子制造业等动态行业。从代理理论出发，我们研究了相对绩效评估（RPE）机制和供应风险如何影响终止决策。利用一家大型电子公司的专有数据，我们提供了新的证据，证明公司采用比较评估而不是绝对的绩效阈值。该数据涵盖了15个组件的78家供应商，历时42个月。供应商记分卡的改进显著提高了供应商的生存概率，而较强的同行绩效则降低了其他供应商的生存概率，证明了RPE的有效性。然而，零部件供应风险通过不同的机制系统地调节了这些关系：供应商稀缺性削弱了自身绩效和同行绩效对终止决策的影响。相反，组件专门化选择性地减少了同伴的绩效影响，但不调节自己的绩效影响。这些模式反映了供应约束限制基于绩效的终止有效性的情况。本研究将代理理论的RPE扩展到企业间，并展示了不同的供给风险维度如何选择性地调节不同的绩效评估类型。这些见解指导供应链管理者理解基于绩效的终止标准何时最有效。

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引用次数: 0

Competition and capacity sharing strategies in supply chain with scale economies 规模经济下供应链竞争与产能共享策略

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109834

Haojie Jing, Xu Chen

This study investigates a supply chain consisting of one supplier and two competing manufacturers, who are subject to economies of scale and produce partially substitutable products. A framework for the bargaining game is constructed to assess the low-cost manufacturer's choice regarding the collaboration of production capacity with its competitor. The analysis is based on three models: a benchmark competition model, a fixed fee capacity sharing model and a hybrid fee capacity sharing model. Results show that each of these strategies can lead to the most favorable economic outcome depending on the degree of demand substitution, the fixed cost, the difference in unit production cost and the bargaining power. The core strategic trade-off lies in balancing the economic gains from capacity sharing against the competitive risks of enabling a stronger rival. These four factors significantly influence the net effect of capacity sharing. The study further finds that both fixed and hybrid fee models can alleviate price competition driven by economies of scale, thereby improving overall profitability. Thus, the presence of economies of scale serves as a strong incentive for capacity collaboration. The findings offer strategic insights for manufacturers dealing with cost asymmetries and competitive pressures in consumer markets and hold meaningful implications for management decision-making.

本文研究了一个由一个供应商和两个相互竞争的制造商组成的供应链，这些制造商受规模经济的影响，生产部分可替代的产品。构建了一个议价博弈框架，以评估低成本制造商在与其竞争对手进行产能合作时的选择。分析基于三个模型：基准竞争模型、固定收费容量共享模型和混合收费容量共享模型。结果表明，根据需求替代程度、固定成本、单位生产成本差异和议价能力的不同，每种策略都能产生最有利的经济结果。核心战略权衡在于平衡产能共享带来的经济收益与催生更强大竞争对手的竞争风险。这四个因素显著影响容量共享的净效应。研究进一步发现，固定收费模式和混合收费模式都可以缓解规模经济驱动的价格竞争，从而提高整体盈利能力。因此，规模经济的存在为能力合作提供了强有力的激励。研究结果为制造商在消费市场中应对成本不对称和竞争压力提供了战略见解，并对管理决策具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Time-dependent integrated production and outbound distribution scheduling with multiple cold chain products considering carbon emissions 考虑碳排放的多冷链产品时变集成生产和出库配送调度

IF 1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

International Journal of Production Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109836

Feng Wang, Hongguang Bo

Sustainable urban development urgently requires the implementation of advanced low-carbon transportation strategies, with emissions from cold chain product transportation being particularly significant. Cold chain products are essential to modern society, their perishable nature greatly increases the complexity of production and distribution planning. Enterprises typically organize production around order-defined delivery dates to ensure product freshness and customer satisfaction, distributing products immediately to minimize value loss and energy waste. These challenges are further amplified under time-varying operational conditions. To address this issue, we propose a three-objective mathematical optimisation model for low-carbon operations that maximize product freshness and customer satisfaction while minimizing costs. This model integrates various factors such as employee time-varying processing efficiency during the production stage, the time-varying vehicle speed during the distribution stage, and the influence of dynamic speed and load on carbon emissions. Given the NP-hard nature of the proposed model, a hybrid algorithm based on variable neighbourhood search (VNS) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) is designed to solve it. Numerical experiments and analyses demonstrate that the proposed model and algorithm substantially improve scheduling efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. The research results not only deepen and extend the theory of integrated production and outbound distribution scheduling under time-varying condition but also provide a scientific and reasonable approach for guiding cold chain enterprises toward net-zero emissions and promoting the sustainable development of production–delivery systems.

城市可持续发展迫切需要实施先进的低碳交通战略，其中冷链产品运输的排放尤为显著。冷链产品是现代社会必不可少的，其易腐性大大增加了生产和分配计划的复杂性。企业通常在订单规定的交货日期前后组织生产，以确保产品的新鲜度和客户满意度，并立即分发产品，以最大限度地减少价值损失和能源浪费。在时变的操作条件下，这些挑战进一步放大。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个低碳运营的三目标数学优化模型，以最大限度地提高产品的新鲜度和客户满意度，同时最大限度地降低成本。该模型综合了生产阶段员工时变的加工效率、配送阶段时变的车速、动态车速和负荷对碳排放的影响等多种因素。考虑到所提出模型的NP-hard特性，设计了一种基于可变邻域搜索（VNS）和非支配排序遗传算法- iii （NSGA-III）的混合算法来求解该模型。数值实验和分析表明，该模型和算法大大提高了调度效率，减少了碳排放。研究成果不仅深化和拓展了时变条件下生产与出库配送一体化调度理论，也为引导冷链企业实现净零排放，促进生产配送系统的可持续发展提供了科学合理的思路。

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引用次数: 0