Pub Date : 2002-06-20DOI: 10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.238
M. Takeda, Nobuhiko Uchida, Yuko Suzuki, N. Obara, Y. Nagai
ganglion neurons4), and peripheral autonomic neurons5). GDNF mRNA is expressed in various parts of the developing central nervous system and peripheral tissues including the kidneys, teeth and skeletal muscles6). In particular, an abundant expression of GDNF mRNA is indicated in the smooth muscle layers of the intestine during embryogenesis7). Myoepithelial cells are found close to the acini and the intercalated ducts in the salivary glands, occupying the space between the basement membrane and basal plasma membrane of secretory epithelial cells, and are very similar to smooth muscle cells because of the presence of actin and myosin filaments in their cytoplasm and their ability to contract. Here we immunocytochemically found GDNF expression in the cells surrounding the acini and ducts of the lingual salivary glands, which we presumed to be myoepithelial cells. We therefore compared GDNF-positive cells with the cells stained by phalloidin, which labels F-actin. GDNF is shown to interact with a specific cell-surface receptor, GFRα1, and its biological effects are mediated through the interaction of GDNF, GFRα1, and a tyrosine kinase receptor, Ret8) . We therefore additionally examined the expression of GFRα1 and Ret in the lingual salivary glands using an immunocytochemical method.
{"title":"Expression of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Myoepithelial Cells of Mouse Tongue Salivary Glands","authors":"M. Takeda, Nobuhiko Uchida, Yuko Suzuki, N. Obara, Y. Nagai","doi":"10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.238","url":null,"abstract":"ganglion neurons4), and peripheral autonomic neurons5). GDNF mRNA is expressed in various parts of the developing central nervous system and peripheral tissues including the kidneys, teeth and skeletal muscles6). In particular, an abundant expression of GDNF mRNA is indicated in the smooth muscle layers of the intestine during embryogenesis7). Myoepithelial cells are found close to the acini and the intercalated ducts in the salivary glands, occupying the space between the basement membrane and basal plasma membrane of secretory epithelial cells, and are very similar to smooth muscle cells because of the presence of actin and myosin filaments in their cytoplasm and their ability to contract. Here we immunocytochemically found GDNF expression in the cells surrounding the acini and ducts of the lingual salivary glands, which we presumed to be myoepithelial cells. We therefore compared GDNF-positive cells with the cells stained by phalloidin, which labels F-actin. GDNF is shown to interact with a specific cell-surface receptor, GFRα1, and its biological effects are mediated through the interaction of GDNF, GFRα1, and a tyrosine kinase receptor, Ret8) . We therefore additionally examined the expression of GFRα1 and Ret in the lingual salivary glands using an immunocytochemical method.","PeriodicalId":14631,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"38 1","pages":"238-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77171990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-06-20DOI: 10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.225
Y. Nagai, Yuko Suzuki, N. Obara, M. Takeda
Using mice from embryonic day 18 (E 18) to postnatal day 2 (P 2), we examined apoptosis, keratin and occludin in order to explore the mechanism for the formation of furrows in the circumvallate papillae and ductal lumina in the glands of von Ebner. At E 15, the epithelial cords of the papillae penetratedfrom the dorsal surface into the connective tissue, and at E 18 the epithelial cords of the glands further extended from the base of the papillary cords. Some small spaces appeared in both cords at E 18 and the spaces increased in number, fused, and enlarged to form furrows and ductal lumina by P 2. Apoptotic cells were distributed around and within the spaces in both cords from the examined E 18 to P 2, playing a role in deleting useless cells and sculpting. Cytokeratins 8/18 existed in the central cells of both cords after E 18, including a single cell layer around the spaces. These cells contained reticular keratin filaments. Occludin, localized at tight junctions, appeared along the apical parts of the cells around the spaces in both cords after E 18. Cytokeratins 8/18-and occludin-positive cells around the spaces disappeared from the papilla after completion of the furrow at P 1 or P 2; however, they remained unchanged around the ductal lumina of the glands. This cell layer plays a role in maintaining the spaces and providing elasticity in the process of fusion and enlargement of the spaces during development.
{"title":"Apoptosis, Keratin, and Occludin during the Development of Furrows in the Circumvallate Papillae and Ductal Lumina in the Glands of von Ebner.","authors":"Y. Nagai, Yuko Suzuki, N. Obara, M. Takeda","doi":"10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.225","url":null,"abstract":"Using mice from embryonic day 18 (E 18) to postnatal day 2 (P 2), we examined apoptosis, keratin and occludin in order to explore the mechanism for the formation of furrows in the circumvallate papillae and ductal lumina in the glands of von Ebner. At E 15, the epithelial cords of the papillae penetratedfrom the dorsal surface into the connective tissue, and at E 18 the epithelial cords of the glands further extended from the base of the papillary cords. Some small spaces appeared in both cords at E 18 and the spaces increased in number, fused, and enlarged to form furrows and ductal lumina by P 2. Apoptotic cells were distributed around and within the spaces in both cords from the examined E 18 to P 2, playing a role in deleting useless cells and sculpting. Cytokeratins 8/18 existed in the central cells of both cords after E 18, including a single cell layer around the spaces. These cells contained reticular keratin filaments. Occludin, localized at tight junctions, appeared along the apical parts of the cells around the spaces in both cords after E 18. Cytokeratins 8/18-and occludin-positive cells around the spaces disappeared from the papilla after completion of the furrow at P 1 or P 2; however, they remained unchanged around the ductal lumina of the glands. This cell layer plays a role in maintaining the spaces and providing elasticity in the process of fusion and enlargement of the spaces during development.","PeriodicalId":14631,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"80 1","pages":"225-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75617032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in Activities of the Jaw and Tongue Muscles Following Severance of the Unilateral Hypoglossal Nerve (Medial Branch) in Awake Cats","authors":"H. Hiraba, Takako Sato, Koko Manabe, M. Hori, Syuuko Imura, Hiroshi Tanaka","doi":"10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.96","url":null,"abstract":"片側舌下神経内側枝を切断したネコにおいて, 一定量の食物摂取・咀嚼時の食物摂取率, 咀嚼期間, 両側オトガイ舌筋および咀嚼筋 (咬筋と顎二腹筋前腹) の活動量および顎運動を約1カ月間記録し, 咀嚼機能の安定までの期間を検索した.食物摂取率は神経切断後, 舌偏位の状態を保ったまま約2週で切断前の約80%で安定した. 咀嚼期間および最大開口量は25日程度でそれぞれ約1.5倍, 約80%となり, 安定傾向を示した. 咀嚼時の左右側筋活動は神経切断後約25日で, オトガイ舌筋では切断側約30%, 非切断側約150%, 咬筋ではま両側ともほぼ切断前の値, 顎二腹筋前腹では切断側はほぼ切断前の値, そして非切断側は約50%で安定傾向を示した.以上の結果から, 片側舌下神経内側枝切断後円滑な咀嚼運動が回復し, 安定するまでには約1カ月を要することが判明した.","PeriodicalId":14631,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":"96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75902148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-20DOI: 10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.87
H. Fujita
The aim of this study was to document the historical change of dental caries lesions in the Japanese people. The majority of carious lesions in historical populations from the Jomon to Edo period were located in the neck and/or root of the approximal surface (NRAS). Caries on the occlusal surface (OS) were rare in both the Jomon and Kofun populations, but there was a relatively high rate (17.6-24.7%) in the Kamakura, Muromachi and Edo periods. People in both the Jomon and Kofun periods had severe dental attrition; therefore, due to the disappearance of fissures and pits, caries on the OS did not arise. However, after the Kamakura period, the attrition was moderate, so occlusal caries increased. Caries on the lingual surface (LS) and the neck and/or root of the lingual surface (NRLS) were rare in all Japanese periods. The incidence may be associated with a self-cleaning action with the tongue and the saliva. In the modern population, the most frequent lesion is on the approximal surface (AS), followed by the NRAS and the OS. The rate of coronal caries is higher than that of root caries only in modern times. It seems reasonable to suppose that the former is a modern type of caries, and the latter is ancient. Furthermore, it can be said that from the Jomon to Kofun or from the Kofun to Kamakura periods, and from the Edo to modern times, are turning points for different types of caries in the history of Japan. The type of carious lesion is a good indicator of oral health condition, including dietary habits, subsistence and lifestyle in each period.
{"title":"Historical Change of Dental Carious Lesions from Prehistoric to Modern Times in Japan","authors":"H. Fujita","doi":"10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.87","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to document the historical change of dental caries lesions in the Japanese people. The majority of carious lesions in historical populations from the Jomon to Edo period were located in the neck and/or root of the approximal surface (NRAS). Caries on the occlusal surface (OS) were rare in both the Jomon and Kofun populations, but there was a relatively high rate (17.6-24.7%) in the Kamakura, Muromachi and Edo periods. People in both the Jomon and Kofun periods had severe dental attrition; therefore, due to the disappearance of fissures and pits, caries on the OS did not arise. However, after the Kamakura period, the attrition was moderate, so occlusal caries increased. Caries on the lingual surface (LS) and the neck and/or root of the lingual surface (NRLS) were rare in all Japanese periods. The incidence may be associated with a self-cleaning action with the tongue and the saliva. In the modern population, the most frequent lesion is on the approximal surface (AS), followed by the NRAS and the OS. The rate of coronal caries is higher than that of root caries only in modern times. It seems reasonable to suppose that the former is a modern type of caries, and the latter is ancient. Furthermore, it can be said that from the Jomon to Kofun or from the Kofun to Kamakura periods, and from the Edo to modern times, are turning points for different types of caries in the history of Japan. The type of carious lesion is a good indicator of oral health condition, including dietary habits, subsistence and lifestyle in each period.","PeriodicalId":14631,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89628351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-20DOI: 10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.120
Mutsuhito Tatamiya, H. Hotokezaka, N. Yoshida, Kazuhide Kobayashi, Toshihide Sato, Y. Okada
The electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in MC3T3-E1 cells were analyzed using the perforated whole-cell patch-clamp technique. When the voltage was depolarized by step pulses from a holding potential of -104mV, the cells displayed transient inward currents (-4.25±0.25pA/pF, n=16) in 10mM Ba2+ solution. The activation threshold for the inward Ba2+current was about -60mV and the peak existed between -40 and -20mV. The steady state activation and inactivation properties of the inward Ba2+ current generated a window current in the range of -70 to -40 mV. Gd2+ (0.1mM) inhibited the inward Ba2+ currents by about 60%. Ni2+ (0.1mM, a blocker for T-type and R-type Ca2+ channels at this concentration), nifedipine (5μM, L-type Ca2+ channel blocker), ω-conotoxin GVIA (3μM, N-type Ca2+ channel blocker) and ω-agatoxin TK (200nM, a P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blocker) did not inhibit the currents. Bay K 8644 (0.5μM, a dihydropyridine agonist for L-type Ca2+ channel) also did not affect the Ba2+ currents. The results suggest that Ca2+ channels with novel properties are expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells.
{"title":"Biophysical and Pharmacological Properties of Voltage-gated Calcium Channels in Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells","authors":"Mutsuhito Tatamiya, H. Hotokezaka, N. Yoshida, Kazuhide Kobayashi, Toshihide Sato, Y. Okada","doi":"10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.120","url":null,"abstract":"The electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in MC3T3-E1 cells were analyzed using the perforated whole-cell patch-clamp technique. When the voltage was depolarized by step pulses from a holding potential of -104mV, the cells displayed transient inward currents (-4.25±0.25pA/pF, n=16) in 10mM Ba2+ solution. The activation threshold for the inward Ba2+current was about -60mV and the peak existed between -40 and -20mV. The steady state activation and inactivation properties of the inward Ba2+ current generated a window current in the range of -70 to -40 mV. Gd2+ (0.1mM) inhibited the inward Ba2+ currents by about 60%. Ni2+ (0.1mM, a blocker for T-type and R-type Ca2+ channels at this concentration), nifedipine (5μM, L-type Ca2+ channel blocker), ω-conotoxin GVIA (3μM, N-type Ca2+ channel blocker) and ω-agatoxin TK (200nM, a P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blocker) did not inhibit the currents. Bay K 8644 (0.5μM, a dihydropyridine agonist for L-type Ca2+ channel) also did not affect the Ba2+ currents. The results suggest that Ca2+ channels with novel properties are expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells.","PeriodicalId":14631,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"2012 1","pages":"120-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86391193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-20DOI: 10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.106
M. Okamoto, Reiko Osada, T. Arai, N. Maeda
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clonal types of black-pigmented anaerobes isolated from infected root canals and subgingival plaque. Twelve patients, who had single-rooted teeth with selected chronic apical periodontitis and had not undergone endodontic treatment, were chosen for thisstudy. Microbiological specimens from the root canals were collected with three sizes of H-files, and thosefrom six subgingival sites of the same teeth were collected with paper points. The isolates were identified by the 16S rRNA gene-directed PCR method, and the gene types were determined by the arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) method. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella nigrescens were the most frequently isolated species from the root canals (41.7%) and from subgingival plaque samples (50.0%) in 12 patients, respectively. Four patients simultaneously harbored the same species in the root canal and subgingival plaque (three patients harbored P. nigrescens and one patient P. gingivalis). The AP-PCR patterns of isolates from the root canal and subgingival plaque were identical in at least three out of 12 patients. These results support the hypothesis that the pocket is one of the possible sources of root-canal infection.
{"title":"Clonality of Black-pigmented Anaerobes Isolated from Infected Root Canals and Subgingival Plaque in 12 Patients","authors":"M. Okamoto, Reiko Osada, T. Arai, N. Maeda","doi":"10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.106","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the clonal types of black-pigmented anaerobes isolated from infected root canals and subgingival plaque. Twelve patients, who had single-rooted teeth with selected chronic apical periodontitis and had not undergone endodontic treatment, were chosen for thisstudy. Microbiological specimens from the root canals were collected with three sizes of H-files, and thosefrom six subgingival sites of the same teeth were collected with paper points. The isolates were identified by the 16S rRNA gene-directed PCR method, and the gene types were determined by the arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) method. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella nigrescens were the most frequently isolated species from the root canals (41.7%) and from subgingival plaque samples (50.0%) in 12 patients, respectively. Four patients simultaneously harbored the same species in the root canal and subgingival plaque (three patients harbored P. nigrescens and one patient P. gingivalis). The AP-PCR patterns of isolates from the root canal and subgingival plaque were identical in at least three out of 12 patients. These results support the hypothesis that the pocket is one of the possible sources of root-canal infection.","PeriodicalId":14631,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74162931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-04-20DOI: 10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.114
K. Shiozawa, K. Kohyama, K. Yanagisawa
To study which physical properties of a food bolus trigger swallowing during mastication of gelatinous food, we measured the texture of a bolus immediately prior to swallowing by texture profileanalysis. Filter paper soaked in 0.2M tartaric acid (acid stimulation) or distilled water (DW stimulation) was placed on the dorsal surface of the tongue of 10 healthy adult participants for 1 minute before they masticated rice cake (RC) or gummy candy (G). The G bolus was significantly (p<0.05) harder immediately prior to swallowing after acid stimulation than after DW stimulatien. On the other hand, hardness, adhesive. ness and cohesiveness of the RC bolus did not differ significantly between the two masticatory conditions (after acid stimulation and DW stimulation). After DW stimulation, the texture of the RC bolus during the middle stage of mastication was compared with that just before swallowing. The RC bolus at the middle stage was significantly harder (p<0.001) and more adhesive (p<0.05) than just before swallowing. These results suggest that the degree of adhesiveness of a bolus might be closely related to the swallowing threshold for gelatinous food such as rice cakes.
{"title":"Relationship between Physical Properties of a Food Bolus and the Swallowing Threshold during Mastication of Gel Type Food.","authors":"K. Shiozawa, K. Kohyama, K. Yanagisawa","doi":"10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2330/JORALBIOSCI1965.44.114","url":null,"abstract":"To study which physical properties of a food bolus trigger swallowing during mastication of gelatinous food, we measured the texture of a bolus immediately prior to swallowing by texture profileanalysis. Filter paper soaked in 0.2M tartaric acid (acid stimulation) or distilled water (DW stimulation) was placed on the dorsal surface of the tongue of 10 healthy adult participants for 1 minute before they masticated rice cake (RC) or gummy candy (G). The G bolus was significantly (p<0.05) harder immediately prior to swallowing after acid stimulation than after DW stimulatien. On the other hand, hardness, adhesive. ness and cohesiveness of the RC bolus did not differ significantly between the two masticatory conditions (after acid stimulation and DW stimulation). After DW stimulation, the texture of the RC bolus during the middle stage of mastication was compared with that just before swallowing. The RC bolus at the middle stage was significantly harder (p<0.001) and more adhesive (p<0.05) than just before swallowing. These results suggest that the degree of adhesiveness of a bolus might be closely related to the swallowing threshold for gelatinous food such as rice cakes.","PeriodicalId":14631,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"136 1","pages":"114-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76401961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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