Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology最新文献

Background: The complex ecosystem of the skin microbiome is essential for skin health by acting as a primary defense against infections, regulating immune responses, and maintaining barrier integrity. This literature review aims to consolidate existing information on the skin microbiome, focusing on its composition, functionality, importance, and its impact on skin aging.

Methods: An exhaustive exploration of scholarly literature was performed utilizing electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, focusing on studies published between 2011 and 2024. Keywords included "skin microbiome," "skin microbiota," and "aging skin." Studies involving human subjects that focused on the skin microbiome's relationship with skin health were included. Out of 100 initially identified studies, 70 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed.

Results: Studies showed that aging is associated with a reduction in the variety of microorganisms of the skin microbiome, leading to an increased susceptibility to skin conditions. Consequently, this underlines the interest in bacteriotherapy, mainly topical probiotics, to reinforce the skin microbiome in older adults, suggesting improvements in skin health and a reduction in age-related skin conditions. Further exploration is needed into the microbiome's role in skin health and the development of innovative, microbe-based skincare products. Biotherapeutic approaches, including the use of phages, endolysins, probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and microbiome transplantation, can restore balance and enhance skin health. This article also addresses regulatory standards in the EU and the USA that ensure the safety and effectiveness of microbial skincare products.

Conclusion: This review underscores the need to advance research on the skin microbiome's role in cosmetic enhancements and tailored skincare solutions, highlighting a great interest in leveraging microbial communities for dermatological benefits.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of quercetin loaded on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in protecting human hair from ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light in vitro.

Methods: In this study, solvent-emulsified diffusion method was used to fabricate nanoparticle formulations and then particle size, loading, and drug release tests were performed from different formulations. Variables include oily part proportion, liquid to solid oil part ratio, and surfactant to lipid ratio. The optimal formulation was prepared by examining the eight formulations and optimizing them. Six groups of hair with different treatments were exposed to UV light for 600 h and the changes were investigated by examining four factors: RMS (root mean square average, the microscopic profile peaks and valleys), peak to valley roughness, the amount of chemical changes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the amount of protein loss.

Results: The selected formulation had a suitable particle size, loading percent, and release rate for penetration to hair. Quercetin-loaded SLN controlled RMS factor, peak to valley roughness, and reduced chemical changes and protein loss compared to other treatments.

Conclusion: The optimize formulation showed positive effects in protecting the hair strands from UV-B radiation.

Background: Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, is marked by enduring redness, visible blood vessels, and inflammatory eruptions in facial areas. Managing rosacea remains a persistent challenge for dermatologists, especially in cases unresponsive to conventional treatments. Injectable poly-d,l-lactic acid (PDLLA) has shown promise in treating erythema and telangiectasia associated with rosacea in addition to age-related concerns. Employing Mirajet, a laser-induced microjet system, for administering PDLLA is a novel and promising treatment for rosacea.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of injectable PDLLA delivered via a needle-free microjet system for managing rosacea.

Methods: Four Korean women with persistent and refractory rosacea received five monthly sessions of PDLLA needle-free injections. Clinical assessments were conducted using the Clinician's Erythema Assessment and Patient's Self-Assessment (PSA) at baseline, 4 weeks post-treatment, and 22 weeks post-final treatment. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study period.

Results: At 4 weeks post-treatment, both Clinician's Erythema Assessment and PSA scores indicated significant improvements in erythema that were sustained up to the 22-week follow-up. Patients reported high satisfaction with resolution of redness and improved skin texture. Mild swelling, redness, and petechiae were observed post-treatment but resolved spontaneously. No product-related adverse events were noted during the study period.

Conclusion: Injectable PDLLA delivered via laser-induced microjet injection demonstrated promising efficacy in improving rosacea symptoms and skin quality for up to 22 weeks without significant adverse effects. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate long-term safety and sustainability of outcomes.

Introduction: An increasing interest in minimally invasive procedures hassled to a demand for an effective local anesthetic algorithm. The scalp presents a challenge in achieving effective anesthesia due to the presence of hair shafts. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different methods during a microneedling procedure, including 25 mg lidocaine and 25 mg prilocaine cream, skin spray with 10% lidocaine, and cold gel compresses.

Materials and methods: Sixty-two men aged between 20 and 50 years underwent three microneedling treatments, each using a different method of anesthesia. The treatment area was divided into two equal parts, with one part exposed to a specific anesthetic method. Patients were asked to rate their pain on a 0-10 verbal analog scale. An attempt was made to objectify the results using algometry.

Results: A negative correlation was observed between the algometry results and the VAS score after the application of the cream and cold compresses.

Discussion: When choosing monotherapy, it is recommended to use cold gel compresses for scalp microneedling after considering the advantages and disadvantages of different methods.

Objective: The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize and compare the clinical efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) and pulsed-dye laser (PDL) therapies for the management of rosacea.

Methods: The literatures were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies investigating the use of IPL and PDL for the treatment of rosacea. Screening of the retrieved articles and data extraction were performed as per the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome measures evaluated in this meta-analysis included clearance rates, erythema scores, and pain scores.

Results: The meta-analysis incorporated data from four studies involving a total of 141 participants. The meta-analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference between IPL and PDL in the rate of achieving greater than 50% clearance (RR = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.19, 0.05). However, the IPL group demonstrated a significantly higher rate of clearance exceeding 75% compared to the PDL group (RR = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.23, -0.04). The change in erythema index, a key measure of rosacea severity, was similar between the two treatment modalities (SMD = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.55, 0.26). Interestingly, the PDL group reported a notably lower VAS pain score than the IPL group (SMD = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.08, 3.00).

Conclusion: Either PDL or IPL appears to be effective modalities for the management of rosacea. IPL exhibits a slight advantage in achieving a higher rate of substantial (>75%) clearance, while PDL may be preferable for patients with lower tolerance for post-treatment discomfort. However, the existing literature directly comparing these two laser/light-based therapies is limited, warranting further well-designed, large-scale studies to establish the optimal treatment algorithm for this chronic inflammatory skin condition.

Background: Sensitive skin is a highly prevalent problem. The objective of the study was to assess whether the tested products are effective and safe in terms of improving the symptoms of sensitive skin.

Methods: A clinical randomized split-face study was carried out on 24 healthy female subjects. Three cosmetic combinations were tested versus vehicle: product A (Solía Thermal Spring Water-TSW-from Cantabria, Spain + diatom algae-P. tricornutum-extract), product B (Solía TSW + diatom algae extract + Annona cherimola Fruit Extract) and product C (Solía TSW + diatom algae extract + Annona cherimola Fruit Extract + niacinamide). Prior to each application of the study Product (A, B, or C)/vehicle, 10% of aqueous solution of capsaicin to induce skin irritation was applied, mimicking the symptoms of sensitive skin. Stinging and burning sensations were evaluated at different time points.

Results: All three tested products A, B, and C showed to act better in calming the symptoms induced by capsaicin when compared to the vehicle.

Conclusions: The tested products would be an interesting option for treating stinging and burning sensations in sensitive skin patients.

Background: The picosecond 755-nm alexandrite laser and topical tranexamic acid (TA) have shown promise in treating melasma.

Aim: This aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining to a picosecond 755-nm alexandrite laser combined with topical TA for melasma treatment.

Patients and methods: Forty-eight patients' facial halves with bilateral symmetrical melasma were randomized to receive either topical TA and picosecond laser treatment or laser monotherapy. All patients received three consecutive picosecond laser treatment sessions at 4-week intervals, and additional one side facial received topical TA treatment twice daily until 4 weeks after the third treatments. Efficacy was assessed using the Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) score, VISIA (Canfield, USA) red area feature counts, and average pore volume as measured by Antera 3D®. Patient satisfaction was evaluated through questionnaires.

Results: Thirty-five patients completed the study. Post-treatment, mMASI scores and VISIA red area feature counts were lower in combination therapy halves and laser monotherapy halves, and average melanin level was lower in the combination therapy halves (p < 0.05). Comparisons between the combination therapy halves and laser monotherapy halves after the third treatment revealed significant differences in mMASI scores, melanin levels, and VISIA red area feature counts (p < 0.05). After treatment, patient satisfaction rates in the combination therapy halves and monotherapy halves was 71.4% and 54.3%, respectively (p < 0.05). No obvious adverse effects were observed in the combination therapy halves; whereas, 10.42% (5/48) of participants in the laser monotherapy halves experienced temporary pigmentation, which resolved within 3 months.

Conclusion: The picosecond 755-nm alexandrite laser, when used independently and in combination with topical TA, has been proven to be effective in the improvement of melasma. However, the combined treatment approach showed a more pronounced improvement in melasma symptoms, with higher patient satisfaction, and was associated with a lower incidence of adverse effects. These findings strongly support that integrating topical TA with picosecond laser therapy as a superior therapeutic strategy for melasma management.

Clinical trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200057771.

Background: Lasers and other energy-based devices are increasingly becoming popular in aesthetic practice. Many centers employ doctors or technicians to perform these procedures where treating doctor and operating doctor may be different. Hence the need for standard operative protocols, to be followed while performing these procedures to avoid mistakes, complications and to get optimum results. In the current review article, group of doctors who have worked with these energy-based devices over many years worked together and suggested the protocols to be followed for the most commonly used energy-based procedures.

Aim: To provide Standard operating protocols for the operator and staff to ensure, efficacy, safety, for the patient and for the devices.

Methods: The following protocols have been drafted based on the best practices followed by the authors in their clinics and reflect their consensus opinion. The objective is to provide operating protocols in a standard format, which can be of use by practicing dermatologists and their staff. The protocols include both general guidelines for the laser room and specific protocols for different machines. The draft follows the following schema: General instructions for all the energy-based devices. Specific protocols for different devices: Laser hair removal, fractional lasers, Q-switched lasers, fractional microneedling radiofrequency and cryolipolysis.

Conclusions: The protocols proposed help to maintain the uniformity and avoid complications. However, these instructions are generalized and not machine or lesion specific. There may be variations in the protocols depending on the treatment lesion and treating doctor as well as machine.

Background: Injectable fillers for soft tissue augmentation stand out as one of the most favored procedures in the field of aesthetic medicine, especially in addressing the clinical signs of skin aging. Among soft tissue fillers, non-permanent fillers have been safely used in numerous medical applications for several decades.

Aims: The aim of this post-market observational, open-label, uncontrolled, multicentered, prospective study (PMS) was to evaluate the effects of an injectable poly-L-lactic acid-based collagen stimulator (Lanluma®, the study product).

Participants/methods: This analysis is based on the clinical outcomes data (safety and effectiveness) collected from investigators and participants between the first injection (T0, September 2022) and 9 months thereafter (T3, June 2023) in the treatment of five body-contouring areas.

Results: Overall, 70 participants had 99 treatment sessions of the neck (31%), upper arm (20%), hand (17%), thigh (16%) and décolleté (15%). Lumps (neck, upper arm, hand) and nodules (neck, hand, thigh) were the most frequent adverse events (AEs) reported by investigators. All were treatment related. None were serious, severe or fatal. No AEs were reported following treatment of the décolleté. Both investigators and participants reported high levels of satisfaction during the nine-month follow-up period with the treatments in five body areas.

Conclusions: These positive clinical outcomes can be attributed to a proper implementation of best practices and recommendations, and the rheological properties of the study product. This 9-month follow-up analysis should be reconsidered in light of the study's objectives for the final analysis at the 25-month follow-up.

Background: Skin aging is characterized by an imbalance between the generation and degradation of extracellular matrix molecules (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the primary enzymes responsible for ECM breakdown. Intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli can induce different MMPs. However, there is limited literature especially on the summary of skin MMPs and potential inhibitors.

Objective: We aim to focus on the upregulation of MMP expression or activity in skin cells following exposure to UV radiation. We also would like to offer valuable insights into potential clinical applications of MMP inhibitors for mitigating skin aging.

Methods: This article presents the summary of prior research, which involved an extensive literature search across diverse academic databases including Web of Science and PubMed.

Results: Our findings offer a comprehensive insight into the effects of MMPs on skin aging after UV irradiation, including their substrate preferences and distinct roles in this process. Additionally, a comprehensive list of natural plant and animal extracts, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, as well as natural and synthetic compounds that serve as inhibitors for MMPs is compiled.

Conclusion: Skin aging is a complex process influenced by environmental factors and MMPs. Research focuses on UV-induced skin damage and the formation of Advanced Glycosylation End Products (AGEs), leading to wrinkles and impaired functionality. Inhibiting MMPs is crucial for maintaining youthful skin. Natural sources of MMP inhibitor substances, such as extracts from plants and animals, offer a safer approach to obtain inhibitors through dietary supplements. Studying isolated active ingredients can contribute to developing targeted MMP inhibitors.