Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.55522/jmpas.v12i5.5138
B S B Mallika, Silla Jyothi Prakash, Kaniganti Sri Rahitya, Pilla S Surya Durga Devi, K V SivaPrasad K
According to the WHO guidelines 2020, Dolutegravir-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a preferred first-line ART regimen for people living with HIV (PLHIV) because of its efficacy, tolerance, high barrier to resistance, and minimal drug interactions. The main aim of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of a Dolutegravir based antiretroviral therapy regimen to that of older regimens. A retrospective observational study was conducted among the people who visited the ART center on an Out-Patient basis. One to One interview was taken with the patients who met the inclusion criteria and all the information was noted down in the demographic form. Adverse Drug Reactions were noted in the Suspected Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Form and then we assessed causality, severity, and Prevent-ability. All the data was entered into an excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS21 software. Out of the study population of 100, 63% are females and 36% are males. The paired T-test sampling statistics revealed a significant difference between an increase in CD4 count after transitioning to a Dolutegravir-based regimen in comparison with the older regimens (p<0.001). 34 ADRs are reported before the transition and 54 ADRs are reported after the transition to Dolutegravir. The most common ADR found was rashes before the transition and blurred vision after the transition respectively. The comparison with various parameters like CD4 count, and viral load, proves that the Dolutegravir based drug regimen is quite more effective in reducing HIV load. So proper counseling and regular screening are advised to prevent the risks of the newer drug regimens.
{"title":"A retrospective study on comparison of effects of older art regimen against Dolutegravir based art in PL-HIV","authors":"B S B Mallika, Silla Jyothi Prakash, Kaniganti Sri Rahitya, Pilla S Surya Durga Devi, K V SivaPrasad K","doi":"10.55522/jmpas.v12i5.5138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i5.5138","url":null,"abstract":"According to the WHO guidelines 2020, Dolutegravir-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a preferred first-line ART regimen for people living with HIV (PLHIV) because of its efficacy, tolerance, high barrier to resistance, and minimal drug interactions. The main aim of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of a Dolutegravir based antiretroviral therapy regimen to that of older regimens. A retrospective observational study was conducted among the people who visited the ART center on an Out-Patient basis. One to One interview was taken with the patients who met the inclusion criteria and all the information was noted down in the demographic form. Adverse Drug Reactions were noted in the Suspected Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Form and then we assessed causality, severity, and Prevent-ability. All the data was entered into an excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS21 software. Out of the study population of 100, 63% are females and 36% are males. The paired T-test sampling statistics revealed a significant difference between an increase in CD4 count after transitioning to a Dolutegravir-based regimen in comparison with the older regimens (p<0.001). 34 ADRs are reported before the transition and 54 ADRs are reported after the transition to Dolutegravir. The most common ADR found was rashes before the transition and blurred vision after the transition respectively. The comparison with various parameters like CD4 count, and viral load, proves that the Dolutegravir based drug regimen is quite more effective in reducing HIV load. So proper counseling and regular screening are advised to prevent the risks of the newer drug regimens.","PeriodicalId":16445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5113
Teena Patidar, S. Ramteke
Many phytochemicals such as tannins, terpenoids and flavonoids are hydrophilic in nature, but have low absorption, because they are unable to cross lipid membranes of cells. It has been proposed to combine phytomedicine to nanotechnology, because nanocarrier can deliver active phytochemical during entire treatment period, directing it to the desired site of action. The main aim of this work is to review Phytochemicals which possess promising anti-carcinogenic capabilities in a variety of skin cancer cell lines, animal models and their mechanism of action. The commercial formulations for skin cancer prevention and therapy that are now on the market that is derived from plants are also covered in this review. This paper focused on the recent assessment of the biological obstacles to topical applications of phytoconstituents and also focuses on review of the enormous potential for bioactive phytochemical distribution via developing nanotechnology.
{"title":"A review on emerging herbal nanotechnology for skin cancer","authors":"Teena Patidar, S. Ramteke","doi":"10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5113","url":null,"abstract":"Many phytochemicals such as tannins, terpenoids and flavonoids are hydrophilic in nature, but have low absorption, because they are unable to cross lipid membranes of cells. It has been proposed to combine phytomedicine to nanotechnology, because nanocarrier can deliver active phytochemical during entire treatment period, directing it to the desired site of action. The main aim of this work is to review Phytochemicals which possess promising anti-carcinogenic capabilities in a variety of skin cancer cell lines, animal models and their mechanism of action. The commercial formulations for skin cancer prevention and therapy that are now on the market that is derived from plants are also covered in this review. This paper focused on the recent assessment of the biological obstacles to topical applications of phytoconstituents and also focuses on review of the enormous potential for bioactive phytochemical distribution via developing nanotechnology.","PeriodicalId":16445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85991640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5142
Sujayita Mazumder, Gopa Roy Biswas, Anamika Saha
In the current healthcare environment, nosocomial infection is regarded as one of the most life-threatening infections. Hospitalized patients are exposed to contaminants from a range of sources, including medical staff and other sick people. Bacteria associated biofilm infection spread in central line associated blood infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, surgical site infection and ventilator-associated respiratory system. According to WHO reports, nearly 15% of all hospitalized patients suffer from this infection. Patients with indwelling urinary catheters have a higher risk of developing urinary tract infections because biofilm formation bacteria can enter the urinary system directly. Metal based nanoparticles is the most advantageous in prevention of biofilm disruption rather than conventional antibiotics. The creation of engineering tailored nanoparticles may signal a new era in the efficient treatment of nosocomial infection caused by the growth of biofilm over indwelling catheters. Nosocomial infections, Healthcare associated infection, Catheter associated infections, engineering tailored nanoparticles, Biofilm Surface.
{"title":"Effect of nanomaterials in catheter related nosocomial infection","authors":"Sujayita Mazumder, Gopa Roy Biswas, Anamika Saha","doi":"10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5142","url":null,"abstract":"In the current healthcare environment, nosocomial infection is regarded as one of the most life-threatening infections. Hospitalized patients are exposed to contaminants from a range of sources, including medical staff and other sick people. Bacteria associated biofilm infection spread in central line associated blood infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, surgical site infection and ventilator-associated respiratory system. According to WHO reports, nearly 15% of all hospitalized patients suffer from this infection. Patients with indwelling urinary catheters have a higher risk of developing urinary tract infections because biofilm formation bacteria can enter the urinary system directly. Metal based nanoparticles is the most advantageous in prevention of biofilm disruption rather than conventional antibiotics. The creation of engineering tailored nanoparticles may signal a new era in the efficient treatment of nosocomial infection caused by the growth of biofilm over indwelling catheters. Nosocomial infections, Healthcare associated infection, Catheter associated infections, engineering tailored nanoparticles, Biofilm Surface.","PeriodicalId":16445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79971298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of herbal medicinal plants has been found widely in the community as traditional medicine. One example is the Cinnamon plant (Cinnamomum burmannii) which contains cinnamaldehyde as the main compound. Cinnamaldehyde is known to have a major role in lowering blood sugar levels. Determination of the content of bioactive compounds in extracts is beneficial in determining the safety, quality, and efficacy of the plants used. So it is necessary to do a quantitative analysis test on the cinnamaldehyde compound in cinnamon plants by determining its levels using the HPLC method. It is necessary to validate the method analysis based on parameters including selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, and quantitation limit. The mobile phases in this method were acetonitrile mobile and 0.04�etic acid solution (60:40), The stationary phase was octadecylsilane (C-18), The flow rate was adjusted at 1.0 mL/min with column temperature adjusted at 29°C, injection volume 20 μl, and using a Photodiode array detector at a wavelength of 280 nm. The results showed that the resolution value obtained was 3.401; the correlation coefficient value obtained is 0.9941; The percent recovery obtained between 98.74% - 101.95%; percent RSD obtained between 0.92% - 2.68%; and the LOD and LOQ values were 0.069 ppm and 0.23 ppm. The HPLC method met the validation requirement and can conclude to be valid.
{"title":"Analytical method validation of cinnamaldehyde content in cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) extract using high-performance liquid chromatography","authors":"Oktavia Eka Puspita, Bachtiar Rifai Pratita Ihsan, Andini Saraswati","doi":"10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5005","url":null,"abstract":"The use of herbal medicinal plants has been found widely in the community as traditional medicine. One example is the Cinnamon plant (Cinnamomum burmannii) which contains cinnamaldehyde as the main compound. Cinnamaldehyde is known to have a major role in lowering blood sugar levels. Determination of the content of bioactive compounds in extracts is beneficial in determining the safety, quality, and efficacy of the plants used. So it is necessary to do a quantitative analysis test on the cinnamaldehyde compound in cinnamon plants by determining its levels using the HPLC method. It is necessary to validate the method analysis based on parameters including selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit, and quantitation limit. The mobile phases in this method were acetonitrile mobile and 0.04�etic acid solution (60:40), The stationary phase was octadecylsilane (C-18), The flow rate was adjusted at 1.0 mL/min with column temperature adjusted at 29°C, injection volume 20 μl, and using a Photodiode array detector at a wavelength of 280 nm. The results showed that the resolution value obtained was 3.401; the correlation coefficient value obtained is 0.9941; The percent recovery obtained between 98.74% - 101.95%; percent RSD obtained between 0.92% - 2.68%; and the LOD and LOQ values were 0.069 ppm and 0.23 ppm. The HPLC method met the validation requirement and can conclude to be valid.","PeriodicalId":16445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86328425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5457
Aiman A Shoiab
Caffeine intake reduces sleep quality and melatonin secretion, the hormone responsible for regulating sleep. Chewing gum increases alertness and improves concentration. This study aims to investigate the impact of coffee consumption and gum chewing on serum melatonin levels in a study population of 40 Jordanian subjects (mean age, 21.15±3.21 years), including 23 males and 17 females. A total of 40 participants volunteered and met the inclusion criteria and were divided into four groups; a control group did not consume espresso coffee and chewed gum during the study period, a second group consumed two cups of espresso coffee (240 ml), and the third group chewed Gum constantly throughout the procedure; finally, the fourth group consumed two cups of espresso coffee and chewed Gum constantly throughout the process. Melatonin serum levels were measured one hour before and one hour after the completion of the study; the duration was five hours. The findings revealed that the coffee plus chewing gum participants had the lowest serum levels of melatonin (13.1± 2.0). Among the intervention groups, the coffee group and the last group regarding melatonin levels were the chewing gum group, 15.3± 1.2 and 19.2± 2.2, respectively. In conclusion, Significant differences existed between the interventions and control groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant differences between coffee plus chewing gum and the coffee group and the chewing gum group (P < 0.002, P < 0.02, P < 0.004, respectively).
咖啡因的摄入会降低睡眠质量和褪黑激素的分泌，褪黑激素是调节睡眠的激素。嚼口香糖能提高警觉性和注意力。本研究旨在调查40名约旦研究对象(平均年龄21.15±3.21岁)饮用咖啡和嚼口香糖对血清褪黑激素水平的影响，其中包括23名男性和17名女性。共有40名符合纳入标准的志愿者被分为四组;对照组在研究期间不喝浓缩咖啡和嚼口香糖，第二组喝两杯浓缩咖啡(240毫升)，第三组在整个过程中不断嚼口香糖;最后，第四组喝了两杯浓缩咖啡，并在整个过程中不断咀嚼口香糖。研究结束前一小时和结束后一小时测量褪黑素血清水平;持续时间是5个小时。研究结果显示，喝咖啡加嚼口香糖的参与者血清中褪黑激素水平最低(13.1±2.0)。在干预组中，咖啡组和最后一组的褪黑激素水平为口香糖组，分别为15.3±1.2和19.2±2.2。综上所述，干预组与对照组之间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。此外，咖啡加口香糖组与咖啡组和口香糖组之间存在显著差异(P < 0.002, P < 0.02, P < 0.004)。
{"title":"Gum Arabica and Coffee Consumption Effects on Serum Melatonin Levels","authors":"Aiman A Shoiab","doi":"10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5457","url":null,"abstract":"Caffeine intake reduces sleep quality and melatonin secretion, the hormone responsible for regulating sleep. Chewing gum increases alertness and improves concentration. This study aims to investigate the impact of coffee consumption and gum chewing on serum melatonin levels in a study population of 40 Jordanian subjects (mean age, 21.15±3.21 years), including 23 males and 17 females. A total of 40 participants volunteered and met the inclusion criteria and were divided into four groups; a control group did not consume espresso coffee and chewed gum during the study period, a second group consumed two cups of espresso coffee (240 ml), and the third group chewed Gum constantly throughout the procedure; finally, the fourth group consumed two cups of espresso coffee and chewed Gum constantly throughout the process. Melatonin serum levels were measured one hour before and one hour after the completion of the study; the duration was five hours. The findings revealed that the coffee plus chewing gum participants had the lowest serum levels of melatonin (13.1± 2.0). Among the intervention groups, the coffee group and the last group regarding melatonin levels were the chewing gum group, 15.3± 1.2 and 19.2± 2.2, respectively. In conclusion, Significant differences existed between the interventions and control groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant differences between coffee plus chewing gum and the coffee group and the chewing gum group (P < 0.002, P < 0.02, P < 0.004, respectively).","PeriodicalId":16445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77956218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5563
M. Riwu, Kartini Lidia, P. Pakan
People with chronic diseases are at higher risk of a pandemic threat because COVID-19 can affect their clinical outcomes, including mental illness and cardiovascular disease. COVID-19 has reduced access to healthcare facilities and physicians for patients with chronic diseases who require regular visits, follow-ups, testing and prescription refills. The aim of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of hypertension therapy based on the patient's blood pressure level at each visit. This is a descriptive-analytical study that uses a cross-sectional approach and retrospective data. Data collection started in April and ended in October 2021. Data were collected from the medical records of the Oesapa Health Centre in Kupang City to conduct the research. 165 respondents participated in the study. The results of the study of patients with hypertension in the area of research data showed non-compliance in carrying out health control or treatment, namely 229 respondents (83.27%), then two visits by 28 respondents (10.18%), three visits by 13 respondents (4.73%), four visits with 3 respondents (1.10%), five and ten visits for health check-ups, each with only one respondent (0.36%). The results of this study suggest that the pandemic state of COVID-19 has a significant impact on patients' compliance with their health check-ups and on their treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Hypertension treatment in rural Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis","authors":"M. Riwu, Kartini Lidia, P. Pakan","doi":"10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5563","url":null,"abstract":"People with chronic diseases are at higher risk of a pandemic threat because COVID-19 can affect their clinical outcomes, including mental illness and cardiovascular disease. COVID-19 has reduced access to healthcare facilities and physicians for patients with chronic diseases who require regular visits, follow-ups, testing and prescription refills. The aim of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of hypertension therapy based on the patient's blood pressure level at each visit. This is a descriptive-analytical study that uses a cross-sectional approach and retrospective data. Data collection started in April and ended in October 2021. Data were collected from the medical records of the Oesapa Health Centre in Kupang City to conduct the research. 165 respondents participated in the study. The results of the study of patients with hypertension in the area of research data showed non-compliance in carrying out health control or treatment, namely 229 respondents (83.27%), then two visits by 28 respondents (10.18%), three visits by 13 respondents (4.73%), four visits with 3 respondents (1.10%), five and ten visits for health check-ups, each with only one respondent (0.36%). The results of this study suggest that the pandemic state of COVID-19 has a significant impact on patients' compliance with their health check-ups and on their treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73925511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.4400
Amit Gupta, Ashfaq Ahmad Shah, Akshita Rawat, Tanvi Parihar, Yashaswi Singh, Neha Pandey, Vijay Kumar
Apple, (Malus domestica, Brokh), is a vital source of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds whose accumulation in the different parts of the fruit depends upon various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study aimed to perform a comparative evaluation of phenolics of peels of three red-skinned (“Delicious”, “Maharaji”, “Royal delicious”), and one yellow-skinned (“Golden Delicious”) apple varieties incorporating preliminary secondary metabolite perusal followed by estimation of Total phenol and total flavonoid contents. Secondary phytocompounds being usually polar in nature were extracted from peels via the Soxhlet and hot maceration processes using different menstruum systems of varied polarity. Comparative assessment of Free radical scavenging, anti-pigmentation, and anti-inflammatory properties of all the decoctures was analyzed thereafter.Free radical scavenging capacity was analyzed via 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay.Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was assessed by studying the in vitro impact of decoctures on the monophenolase and diphenolase reactions of the enzyme tyrosinase. The anti-inflammatory potential of the samples was assessed by inhibition of hypotonicity-induced HRBC membrane lysis. TPC/TFC estimation was analyzed via spectrophotometry. Methanol crude peel extracts of all apple species revealed rich phytochemical content as per TPC/TFC analysis. In a dose-dependent manner, all the crude peel extracts demonstrated considerable free radical scavenging capacity with DPPH assay. Maharaji methanolic decocture revealed potent free radical scavenging activity by showing the lowest IC50 value while Royal delicious acetone extract showed the highest IC50 value when collated with the potent reference antioxidant ascorbic acid with an IC50value of 114.62µg/ml. Polarextract of Malus domestica var Maharaji revealed significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity by revealing IC50 of 8460.65µg/mlon L-Tyrosine substrate and IC50 of 7830.46 µg/ml on L-DOPA substrate. Malus peel compounds turn out to be more effective in diphenolase reaction and kojic acid acts more effectively in the monophenolase one.At various concentrations, the percentage of membrane stabilization for methanolic extracts and the reference NSAID diclofenac sodium was determined.The highest level of membrane stabilization wasshown by methanolic Maharaji and delicious apple peel extracts (83.76 % and 72.32% at a dose of 200 mg/ml respectively) when juxtaposed with standard NSAID showing 98.58 % inhibition at a concentration of 25 mg/ml. Methanol extracts of Malus domestica var Maharaji out performed the other Malus peel extracts in terms of all the parameters analyzed, according to the current study. So, this study is giving the highest pharmaceutical priority to the Malus domestica var Maharaji when it comes to human-health benign bioactive compounds, oxidative stress-related diseases, pigmentation disorders, and inflammatory diseases.
{"title":"Relative Free Radical Scavenging, Tyrosinase Inhibitory, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Polar Peel decoctures of distinct Malus Species indigenous to Kashmir","authors":"Amit Gupta, Ashfaq Ahmad Shah, Akshita Rawat, Tanvi Parihar, Yashaswi Singh, Neha Pandey, Vijay Kumar","doi":"10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.4400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.4400","url":null,"abstract":"Apple, (Malus domestica, Brokh), is a vital source of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds whose accumulation in the different parts of the fruit depends upon various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study aimed to perform a comparative evaluation of phenolics of peels of three red-skinned (“Delicious”, “Maharaji”, “Royal delicious”), and one yellow-skinned (“Golden Delicious”) apple varieties incorporating preliminary secondary metabolite perusal followed by estimation of Total phenol and total flavonoid contents. Secondary phytocompounds being usually polar in nature were extracted from peels via the Soxhlet and hot maceration processes using different menstruum systems of varied polarity. Comparative assessment of Free radical scavenging, anti-pigmentation, and anti-inflammatory properties of all the decoctures was analyzed thereafter.Free radical scavenging capacity was analyzed via 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay.Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was assessed by studying the in vitro impact of decoctures on the monophenolase and diphenolase reactions of the enzyme tyrosinase. The anti-inflammatory potential of the samples was assessed by inhibition of hypotonicity-induced HRBC membrane lysis. TPC/TFC estimation was analyzed via spectrophotometry. Methanol crude peel extracts of all apple species revealed rich phytochemical content as per TPC/TFC analysis. In a dose-dependent manner, all the crude peel extracts demonstrated considerable free radical scavenging capacity with DPPH assay. Maharaji methanolic decocture revealed potent free radical scavenging activity by showing the lowest IC50 value while Royal delicious acetone extract showed the highest IC50 value when collated with the potent reference antioxidant ascorbic acid with an IC50value of 114.62µg/ml. Polarextract of Malus domestica var Maharaji revealed significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity by revealing IC50 of 8460.65µg/mlon L-Tyrosine substrate and IC50 of 7830.46 µg/ml on L-DOPA substrate. Malus peel compounds turn out to be more effective in diphenolase reaction and kojic acid acts more effectively in the monophenolase one.At various concentrations, the percentage of membrane stabilization for methanolic extracts and the reference NSAID diclofenac sodium was determined.The highest level of membrane stabilization wasshown by methanolic Maharaji and delicious apple peel extracts (83.76 % and 72.32% at a dose of 200 mg/ml respectively) when juxtaposed with standard NSAID showing 98.58 % inhibition at a concentration of 25 mg/ml. Methanol extracts of Malus domestica var Maharaji out performed the other Malus peel extracts in terms of all the parameters analyzed, according to the current study. So, this study is giving the highest pharmaceutical priority to the Malus domestica var Maharaji when it comes to human-health benign bioactive compounds, oxidative stress-related diseases, pigmentation disorders, and inflammatory diseases.","PeriodicalId":16445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81370999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2023, the field of pharmaceuticals witnessed the approval of several novel drugs by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). These drugs represent significant advancements in the treatment of various medical conditions and have undergone rigorous evaluation to ensure their safety and efficacy. To support their development and subsequent quality control, a variety of analytical methods have been employed. This review highlights the analytical methods employed for the evaluation and quality control of FDA approved drugs. These methods encompass a range of techniques that enable the characterization, quantification, and quality assessment of pharmaceutical compounds. Commonly employed analytical techniques include chromatographic methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), Ultra- performance liquid chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The Approved Drugs are Bexagliflozin (Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor (SGLT2)), Daprodustat (Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor), Valmanasealfa-tycv (Recombinant human lysosomal alpha-mannosidase), Rezafungin(Echinocandin antifungal drug), Sparsentan (Dual endothelin and angiotensin II receptor antagonist), Nirmatrelvir (Anti-viral), Ritonavir (Protease Inhibitors). Overall, the approval of FDA drugs in 2023 relied on the utilization of diverse and robust analytical methods. These methods facilitated the rigorous assessment of drug quality, safety, and efficacy, ensuring that patients receive reliable and effective treatments. The continuous advancement of analytical techniques will further contribute to the development and evaluation of innovative pharmaceuticals in the future.
{"title":"A review on analytical profile for newly FDA approved drugs in 2023","authors":"Pusuluri Siva Krishna, Munnangi Mukkanti Eswarudu, Puttagunta Srinivasa Babu, Tadepalli Likhitha, Narayanapuram Venkatesh, Chintamaneni Poojitha, Kurapati Sujana, Bellamkonda Gopaiah","doi":"10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5491","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, the field of pharmaceuticals witnessed the approval of several novel drugs by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). These drugs represent significant advancements in the treatment of various medical conditions and have undergone rigorous evaluation to ensure their safety and efficacy. To support their development and subsequent quality control, a variety of analytical methods have been employed. This review highlights the analytical methods employed for the evaluation and quality control of FDA approved drugs. These methods encompass a range of techniques that enable the characterization, quantification, and quality assessment of pharmaceutical compounds. Commonly employed analytical techniques include chromatographic methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), Ultra- performance liquid chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The Approved Drugs are Bexagliflozin (Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor (SGLT2)), Daprodustat (Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor), Valmanasealfa-tycv (Recombinant human lysosomal alpha-mannosidase), Rezafungin(Echinocandin antifungal drug), Sparsentan (Dual endothelin and angiotensin II receptor antagonist), Nirmatrelvir (Anti-viral), Ritonavir (Protease Inhibitors). Overall, the approval of FDA drugs in 2023 relied on the utilization of diverse and robust analytical methods. These methods facilitated the rigorous assessment of drug quality, safety, and efficacy, ensuring that patients receive reliable and effective treatments. The continuous advancement of analytical techniques will further contribute to the development and evaluation of innovative pharmaceuticals in the future.","PeriodicalId":16445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74942748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5082
P. Powthong, P. Suntornthiticharoen
In the present study, we examined the potential biological activities of two marginal weeds, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) solms, using various solvents (water, methanol, and ethyl acetate). The ethyl acetate and ethanol crude extracts of Centella asiatica exhibited notable antioxidant activity, as indicated by their DPPH radical scavenging ability, with values of 349.33±3.92 and 348.48±2.96 µg Vitamin C equivalents/0.01 g dry matter, respectively. These extracts effectively inhibited free radicals from DPPH at half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of 160.46±1.62 and 1,330±25.25 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate crude extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) solms, demonstrated the highest content of total phenolic compounds, with 185.88 ± 2.31µg GAE/0.01 g dry matter, as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) solms, displayed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 67.93±0.82 µg/mL. Regarding antimicrobial activity, both the ethyl acetate and ethanol crude extracts of C. asiatica (L.) Urb exhibited potential against three of the seven tested bacterial strains, as determined by the agar well diffusion method. These findings highlight the significant biological activities of C. asiatica (L.) Urb and E. crassipes (Mart.) solms, extracts, suggesting their potential for various scientific applications. Further studies are necessary to explore their diverse range of potential applications.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Centella asiatica (l.) Urb and Eichhornia crassipes (mart.) Solms","authors":"P. Powthong, P. Suntornthiticharoen","doi":"10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.5082","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we examined the potential biological activities of two marginal weeds, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) solms, using various solvents (water, methanol, and ethyl acetate). The ethyl acetate and ethanol crude extracts of Centella asiatica exhibited notable antioxidant activity, as indicated by their DPPH radical scavenging ability, with values of 349.33±3.92 and 348.48±2.96 µg Vitamin C equivalents/0.01 g dry matter, respectively. These extracts effectively inhibited free radicals from DPPH at half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of 160.46±1.62 and 1,330±25.25 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate crude extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) solms, demonstrated the highest content of total phenolic compounds, with 185.88 ± 2.31µg GAE/0.01 g dry matter, as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay. Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) solms, displayed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 67.93±0.82 µg/mL. Regarding antimicrobial activity, both the ethyl acetate and ethanol crude extracts of C. asiatica (L.) Urb exhibited potential against three of the seven tested bacterial strains, as determined by the agar well diffusion method. These findings highlight the significant biological activities of C. asiatica (L.) Urb and E. crassipes (Mart.) solms, extracts, suggesting their potential for various scientific applications. Further studies are necessary to explore their diverse range of potential applications.","PeriodicalId":16445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89014354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.4139
Jyoti Mehta, Nishant Kumar, Rakesh Kr Singh, Moharana Choudhury, G. P. Singh, K. Bauddh
Cadmium Sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) were synthesised and their characteristics were evaluated using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), EDAX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis), and UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-visible). Further, the impacts of CdS NPs on the growth, pigment content and antioxidative defence system of Pistia stratiotes were studied. The exposure of CdS NPs to Pistia stratiotes caused the negative repercussions, which were tested using a variety of biological tests. The findings demonstrated that CdS NPs were hazardous to the Pistia plant at high concentrations, while they were easy to grow at lower concentrations up to 30 ml/l. Both growth and colour characteristics declined at 40 mg/l concentration of CdS NPs. Antioxidant enzymes' activity like superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) also decreased at 40 ml/l on 60 days. The Protein and photosynthetic pigments were declined on 60 days at 40ml/l concentration however, the level of both the parameters was found increased in comparison with control. The results demonstrated that the higher concentrations of CdS NPs are toxic to Pistia, resulting in decreased growth and significant alterations in antioxidant enzyme activity. These findings suggest that Pistia can be used as a bio-indicator for CdS NPs contaminated water.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and impact of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles on the growth, pigment content and anti-oxidative defence system of Pistia stratiotes","authors":"Jyoti Mehta, Nishant Kumar, Rakesh Kr Singh, Moharana Choudhury, G. P. Singh, K. Bauddh","doi":"10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.4139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i4.4139","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium Sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) were synthesised and their characteristics were evaluated using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), EDAX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis), and UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-visible). Further, the impacts of CdS NPs on the growth, pigment content and antioxidative defence system of Pistia stratiotes were studied. The exposure of CdS NPs to Pistia stratiotes caused the negative repercussions, which were tested using a variety of biological tests. The findings demonstrated that CdS NPs were hazardous to the Pistia plant at high concentrations, while they were easy to grow at lower concentrations up to 30 ml/l. Both growth and colour characteristics declined at 40 mg/l concentration of CdS NPs. Antioxidant enzymes' activity like superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) also decreased at 40 ml/l on 60 days. The Protein and photosynthetic pigments were declined on 60 days at 40ml/l concentration however, the level of both the parameters was found increased in comparison with control. The results demonstrated that the higher concentrations of CdS NPs are toxic to Pistia, resulting in decreased growth and significant alterations in antioxidant enzyme activity. These findings suggest that Pistia can be used as a bio-indicator for CdS NPs contaminated water.","PeriodicalId":16445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87149268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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