C. Pang, S. Musallam, Y. Tai, J. Burdick, R. Andersen
This work presents the first parylene-insulated silicon probes, which are used for neural prostheses to record high-level cognitive neural signals. With parylene technology, our probes have several advantages compared with the current devices. First, instead of inorganic materials (e.g. SiO2 and Si3N4), the electrodes and conduction traces on the probes are insulated by parylene, an easily-deposited polymer with mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility. As a result, the probes exhibit better electrical and mechanical properties. Second, flexible parylene cables are monolithically integrated with the probes, which arm the probes with very high flexibility to be easily assembled to a high density 3-D array and at the same time provide an ideal method to transmit neural signals through skull during chronic recording. The all dry fabrication process and an 8times2 probe array (64 electrodes) were demonstrated. The probes were successfully tested electrically and mechanically in rat and monkey cortex. Neural signals were properly recorded
{"title":"Novel Monolithic Silicon Probes with Flexible Parylene Cables for Neural Prostheses","authors":"C. Pang, S. Musallam, Y. Tai, J. Burdick, R. Andersen","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2006.251491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2006.251491","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the first parylene-insulated silicon probes, which are used for neural prostheses to record high-level cognitive neural signals. With parylene technology, our probes have several advantages compared with the current devices. First, instead of inorganic materials (e.g. SiO2 and Si3N4), the electrodes and conduction traces on the probes are insulated by parylene, an easily-deposited polymer with mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility. As a result, the probes exhibit better electrical and mechanical properties. Second, flexible parylene cables are monolithically integrated with the probes, which arm the probes with very high flexibility to be easily assembled to a high density 3-D array and at the same time provide an ideal method to transmit neural signals through skull during chronic recording. The all dry fabrication process and an 8times2 probe array (64 electrodes) were demonstrated. The probes were successfully tested electrically and mechanically in rat and monkey cortex. Neural signals were properly recorded","PeriodicalId":170356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115756899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Wang, S. Marchenko, J. Huang, N. Jeon, E. Monuki, L. Flanagan, A.P. Lee
We have developed a process to fabricate vertical electrodes in the side walls of the microchannel. With appropriate electrodes design, DEP force along the lateral direction of the channel can be generated so that one can position participates along the width dimension of the channel. The effect of different electrode configurations on the efficacy of generating non-uniform electric field distribution has been studied by FEM simulation with CFD-ACE. Electrodes with various length ratios and interdigited electrodes have been designed and studied on the generation of non-uniformity of the electric field. Compared to electrodes with different length ratios, side-wall interdigited electrodes provide more consistent direction of DEP force. Experiments on the manipulation of polystyrene microbeads and HEK293 cells with DEP have been demonstrated to verify the performance of the design. The particles/cells can be focused in the middle of the channel, trapped on the side walls, and sorted to different outlets by the flow
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of Vertical Electrodes in Microchannels for Particles/cells Sorting by Dielectrophoresis","authors":"L. Wang, S. Marchenko, J. Huang, N. Jeon, E. Monuki, L. Flanagan, A.P. Lee","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2006.251513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2006.251513","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a process to fabricate vertical electrodes in the side walls of the microchannel. With appropriate electrodes design, DEP force along the lateral direction of the channel can be generated so that one can position participates along the width dimension of the channel. The effect of different electrode configurations on the efficacy of generating non-uniform electric field distribution has been studied by FEM simulation with CFD-ACE. Electrodes with various length ratios and interdigited electrodes have been designed and studied on the generation of non-uniformity of the electric field. Compared to electrodes with different length ratios, side-wall interdigited electrodes provide more consistent direction of DEP force. Experiments on the manipulation of polystyrene microbeads and HEK293 cells with DEP have been demonstrated to verify the performance of the design. The particles/cells can be focused in the middle of the channel, trapped on the side walls, and sorted to different outlets by the flow","PeriodicalId":170356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125555557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Inokuchi, K. Nagae, Y. Suzuki, N. Kasagi, N. Shikazono
A split-and-recombine lamination mixer for mu-immunomagnetic cell sorting system has been developed for extracting stem cells from peripheral blood. Cell suspension is mixed with antibody-coated magnetic beads, and target cells are labeled with antigen-antibody reaction. In this report, the mixer performance is evaluated quantitatively by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The number of magnetic beads attached to the target cell is evaluated in two different arrangements of the mixer units
{"title":"Evaluation of Lamination Micro Mixer for Micro Immunomagnetic Cell Sorter","authors":"H. Inokuchi, K. Nagae, Y. Suzuki, N. Kasagi, N. Shikazono","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2006.251509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2006.251509","url":null,"abstract":"A split-and-recombine lamination mixer for mu-immunomagnetic cell sorting system has been developed for extracting stem cells from peripheral blood. Cell suspension is mixed with antibody-coated magnetic beads, and target cells are labeled with antigen-antibody reaction. In this report, the mixer performance is evaluated quantitatively by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The number of magnetic beads attached to the target cell is evaluated in two different arrangements of the mixer units","PeriodicalId":170356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125768586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we present a device that performs the 4 following functions: fluidic handling of biological cells suspension, electrical manipulation of cells by dielectrophoresis, cell culture and electrical impedance detection of adherent cells. Microfabrication process of the device, a hybrid glass/metal/PDMS structure, is detailed. Dielectrophoretic manipulation, culture and cell detection have been performed in a single device using human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell. Results of broadband (10-107 Hz) electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement performed on human cancerous cells are exposed
{"title":"Dielectrophoresis, cell culture, and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Applied to Adherent Cells in a Single Biochip","authors":"E. Lennon, S. Ostrovidov, V. Senez, T. Fujii","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2006.251518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2006.251518","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a device that performs the 4 following functions: fluidic handling of biological cells suspension, electrical manipulation of cells by dielectrophoresis, cell culture and electrical impedance detection of adherent cells. Microfabrication process of the device, a hybrid glass/metal/PDMS structure, is detailed. Dielectrophoretic manipulation, culture and cell detection have been performed in a single device using human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell. Results of broadband (10-107 Hz) electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement performed on human cancerous cells are exposed","PeriodicalId":170356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125955137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have developed a self-contained, connectorless, automated microfluidic immunoassay system to detect and quantify levels of Interleukin (IL)-8, an important cytokine involved in the inflammatory response. In our microfluidic system, liquid flow is controlled using the pins of a commercially available, refreshable Braille display that act as small mechanical actuators. The successful development of such a microsystem will prove beneficial in both the early diagnosis and treatment of various disease states. Integration of the microfluidic immunoassay system with cell culture can provide a novel, self-contained device to analyze the by-products of chemically stimulated cells in a controlled microenvironment
{"title":"Microfluidic Immunoassay for Alveolar Cell Released Interleukin-8 Using a Braille Display for Computer-Controlled Fluid Actuation","authors":"Y. Kamotani, W. Gu, N. Futai, S. Takayama","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2006.251487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2006.251487","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a self-contained, connectorless, automated microfluidic immunoassay system to detect and quantify levels of Interleukin (IL)-8, an important cytokine involved in the inflammatory response. In our microfluidic system, liquid flow is controlled using the pins of a commercially available, refreshable Braille display that act as small mechanical actuators. The successful development of such a microsystem will prove beneficial in both the early diagnosis and treatment of various disease states. Integration of the microfluidic immunoassay system with cell culture can provide a novel, self-contained device to analyze the by-products of chemically stimulated cells in a controlled microenvironment","PeriodicalId":170356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122197504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P.-J. Chen, D. Rodger, E. Meng, M. Humayun, Y. Tai
This paper presents the first implantable, unpowered, parylene-based micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) pressure sensor for intraocular pressure (IOP) sensing. From in situ mechanical deformation of the compliant structures, this sensor registers pressure variations without power consumption/transduction. Micromachined high-aspect-ratio thin-walled tubes in different geometric layouts are exploited to obtain a high-sensitivity pressure response. An integrated packaging method has been successfully developed to realize suture-less implantation of the device. In vitro testing results have demonstrated that the IOP sensor can achieve 0.67 degree/mmHg angular sensitivity with a spiral-tube design, 3.43 mum/mmHg lateral sensitivity with a long-armed-tube design, and 0.38 mum/mmHg longitudinal sensitivity with a serpentine-tube design. This IOP sensor is designed to be implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye and anchored directly on the iris so that, under incident visible light, the pressure response of the implant can be directly observed from outside the eye, which enables faithful and unpowered IOP monitoring in glaucoma patients
{"title":"Implantable Unpowered Parylene MEMS Intraocular Pressure Sensor","authors":"P.-J. Chen, D. Rodger, E. Meng, M. Humayun, Y. Tai","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2006.251543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2006.251543","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the first implantable, unpowered, parylene-based micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) pressure sensor for intraocular pressure (IOP) sensing. From in situ mechanical deformation of the compliant structures, this sensor registers pressure variations without power consumption/transduction. Micromachined high-aspect-ratio thin-walled tubes in different geometric layouts are exploited to obtain a high-sensitivity pressure response. An integrated packaging method has been successfully developed to realize suture-less implantation of the device. In vitro testing results have demonstrated that the IOP sensor can achieve 0.67 degree/mmHg angular sensitivity with a spiral-tube design, 3.43 mum/mmHg lateral sensitivity with a long-armed-tube design, and 0.38 mum/mmHg longitudinal sensitivity with a serpentine-tube design. This IOP sensor is designed to be implanted in the anterior chamber of the eye and anchored directly on the iris so that, under incident visible light, the pressure response of the implant can be directly observed from outside the eye, which enables faithful and unpowered IOP monitoring in glaucoma patients","PeriodicalId":170356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127208129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji Young Park, Duck-Joong Kim, Sung Rak Kim, J. Baek, K. Sun, Sang Hoon Lee
In this paper, we propose a new fabrication method of pH-responsive microfluidic valves and suggest the feasibility as a microminiature systems without peripheral devices. Conventionally, in-situ photopolymerization method has been employed to build the micro functional structure inside microfluidic channel. Here, we suggest a new method allowing the mass production of stimuli-responsive microsystem through the use of pre-made microstructure as actuating element like assembly of commercial products in the factory. We have massively fabricated pH-responsive microspheres that act as actuating component through the use of PDMS-based microfluidic apparatus and 'on the fly' photopolymerization method. By the incorporation of this microsphere into the microvalve during the fabrication process, we have produced the pH-responsive microfluidic valve in a simple way. The operation and the function of the fabricated microvalve were evaluated through the diverse experiments. The microvalve was successfully fabricated, and functioned well according to the pH change
{"title":"Microfluidic Valve Employing the pH-Responsive Hydrogel Microsphere as an Actuating Element","authors":"Ji Young Park, Duck-Joong Kim, Sung Rak Kim, J. Baek, K. Sun, Sang Hoon Lee","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2006.251483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2006.251483","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new fabrication method of pH-responsive microfluidic valves and suggest the feasibility as a microminiature systems without peripheral devices. Conventionally, in-situ photopolymerization method has been employed to build the micro functional structure inside microfluidic channel. Here, we suggest a new method allowing the mass production of stimuli-responsive microsystem through the use of pre-made microstructure as actuating element like assembly of commercial products in the factory. We have massively fabricated pH-responsive microspheres that act as actuating component through the use of PDMS-based microfluidic apparatus and 'on the fly' photopolymerization method. By the incorporation of this microsphere into the microvalve during the fabrication process, we have produced the pH-responsive microfluidic valve in a simple way. The operation and the function of the fabricated microvalve were evaluated through the diverse experiments. The microvalve was successfully fabricated, and functioned well according to the pH change","PeriodicalId":170356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126654196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A micro-fabricated parylene-packaged flexible pentacene thin film transistor is presented. Different from preceding devices that have been reported, this thin film transistor employs parylene as the substrate, the gate insulator and also the top protection layer. Also, this thin film transistor uses pentacene, an organic semiconductor with high mobility, as the active material. The fresh made thin film transistor shows a hole mobility of 0.022 cm2/V-s. In spite of initial drops, the transistor's hole mobility stays at 0.001 cm2/V-s after over 6-month soaking in saline. We can conclude that drifts in mobility from soaking do exist but they saturate to values still of promise In addition, we believe there's plenty of room to improve the parylene packaging such as by using thicker parylene (this work used only 1mum)
{"title":"Performance of Parylene-Packaged Flexible Pentacene Thin-Film Transistors in Saline","authors":"H. Lo, Y. Tai","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2006.251499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2006.251499","url":null,"abstract":"A micro-fabricated parylene-packaged flexible pentacene thin film transistor is presented. Different from preceding devices that have been reported, this thin film transistor employs parylene as the substrate, the gate insulator and also the top protection layer. Also, this thin film transistor uses pentacene, an organic semiconductor with high mobility, as the active material. The fresh made thin film transistor shows a hole mobility of 0.022 cm2/V-s. In spite of initial drops, the transistor's hole mobility stays at 0.001 cm2/V-s after over 6-month soaking in saline. We can conclude that drifts in mobility from soaking do exist but they saturate to values still of promise In addition, we believe there's plenty of room to improve the parylene packaging such as by using thicker parylene (this work used only 1mum)","PeriodicalId":170356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121677476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Nishino, T. Hirano, T. Nishimura, S. Koike, F. Sato
We have developed a density functional (DF) program, ProteinDF, for all-electron calculation on proteins. In order to overcome difficulties of a convergence problem in large-scale molecules, we have already proposed new localized orbital (LO), which named quasi-canonical LO (QCLO). In this study, improved convergence process which focused on the secondary structure such as hydrogen bonds and salt-bridge is proposed. The effectiveness of the improved process was discussed by comparing with the values of the original method, i.e. the total energy, convergence history and difference of Mulliken populations between initial and converged states. We proved the new convergence processes gave significantly better initial guess than previous one. This method could be useful for safe and automatic all-electron DF calculations on very large-scale proteins
{"title":"Study of the Quasi-Canonical Localized Orbital (QCLO) Method Based on Protein Structures","authors":"N. Nishino, T. Hirano, T. Nishimura, S. Koike, F. Sato","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2006.251541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2006.251541","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a density functional (DF) program, ProteinDF, for all-electron calculation on proteins. In order to overcome difficulties of a convergence problem in large-scale molecules, we have already proposed new localized orbital (LO), which named quasi-canonical LO (QCLO). In this study, improved convergence process which focused on the secondary structure such as hydrogen bonds and salt-bridge is proposed. The effectiveness of the improved process was discussed by comparing with the values of the original method, i.e. the total energy, convergence history and difference of Mulliken populations between initial and converged states. We proved the new convergence processes gave significantly better initial guess than previous one. This method could be useful for safe and automatic all-electron DF calculations on very large-scale proteins","PeriodicalId":170356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131279184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have developed the quantum chemical calculation system for proteins based on the density functional method program ProteinDF. This system is composed of five subsystems: "Automatic computations", "Geometry optimization and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) calculation (Quantum dynamics)", "Calculations on very large-sized proteins", "Database of protein wavefunctions", and "Integrated environment, ProteinEditor". In this study, we will report the development of ProteinEditor subsystem. In all-electron calculations on proteins, the data size is huge and the simulation becomes complex. Therefore, an interactive and easy control by the user is indispensable. To reduce these problems, ProteinEditor contains a graphical user interface (GUI) to support the all-electron semi-automatic calculation method for proteins (QCLO method). The structural interaction representation functions cooperated with the high-performance molecular graphics can assist the safe quantum chemical calculation. We also implemented the functions of hydrogen addition, the amino acid substitution (point mutation) and checking the structural validity of proteins in PDB format. This work will guarantee the easy and safe achievement of quantum chemical simulation of proteins
{"title":"ProteinEditor: Integrated Environment for Quantum Chemical Calculation System for Proteins","authors":"Y. Nishimura, T. Yoshihiro, N. Nishino, F. Sato","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2006.251481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2006.251481","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed the quantum chemical calculation system for proteins based on the density functional method program ProteinDF. This system is composed of five subsystems: \"Automatic computations\", \"Geometry optimization and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) calculation (Quantum dynamics)\", \"Calculations on very large-sized proteins\", \"Database of protein wavefunctions\", and \"Integrated environment, ProteinEditor\". In this study, we will report the development of ProteinEditor subsystem. In all-electron calculations on proteins, the data size is huge and the simulation becomes complex. Therefore, an interactive and easy control by the user is indispensable. To reduce these problems, ProteinEditor contains a graphical user interface (GUI) to support the all-electron semi-automatic calculation method for proteins (QCLO method). The structural interaction representation functions cooperated with the high-performance molecular graphics can assist the safe quantum chemical calculation. We also implemented the functions of hydrogen addition, the amino acid substitution (point mutation) and checking the structural validity of proteins in PDB format. This work will guarantee the easy and safe achievement of quantum chemical simulation of proteins","PeriodicalId":170356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133831679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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