A. Darvishi, Aria Daneshmayeh, A. Salehi, M. Ahmadi, A. Soleymani
In the present study, microstructure, hardness, and abrasion resistance of a heat-treated high carbon-high chromium steel (FMU-11) used in the cement mills were investigated. To investigate the best heat-treating cycle for the FMU-11 steel, three sets of samples were heat treated. The first set was tempered two times, the second set was re-hardened, and the third set was cryogenically heat treated. These samples were then compared with the conventionally heat-treated samples. The samples' microstructure was studied using an optical microscope, where traditional black and white etching, as well as color etching, were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied for higher magnification studies and in-depth analysis of the chemical composition. The mechanical properties were investigated by measuring the hardness and the wear resistance for the samples heat-treated in different cycles. The results showed that the cryogenic treatment and double-tempered samples had the highest hardness and wear resistance. In addition, the results showed that the re-hardening operation caused the carbides to be finely separated and evenly distributed in the steel matrix. The wear test results illustrated that the wear mechanism could be the delamination wear and the abrasive wear combined.
{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on hardness and wear resistance of high carbon-high chromium steel (fmu-11)","authors":"A. Darvishi, Aria Daneshmayeh, A. Salehi, M. Ahmadi, A. Soleymani","doi":"10.30544/596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/596","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, microstructure, hardness, and abrasion resistance of a heat-treated high carbon-high chromium steel (FMU-11) used in the cement mills were investigated. To investigate the best heat-treating cycle for the FMU-11 steel, three sets of samples were heat treated. The first set was tempered two times, the second set was re-hardened, and the third set was cryogenically heat treated. These samples were then compared with the conventionally heat-treated samples. The samples' microstructure was studied using an optical microscope, where traditional black and white etching, as well as color etching, were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied for higher magnification studies and in-depth analysis of the chemical composition. The mechanical properties were investigated by measuring the hardness and the wear resistance for the samples heat-treated in different cycles. The results showed that the cryogenic treatment and double-tempered samples had the highest hardness and wear resistance. In addition, the results showed that the re-hardening operation caused the carbides to be finely separated and evenly distributed in the steel matrix. The wear test results illustrated that the wear mechanism could be the delamination wear and the abrasive wear combined.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"57 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91433676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Baranidharan, S ThirumalaiKumaran, M. Uthayakumar, P. Parameswaran
Corrosion is a destructive process that converts the pure metal into a chemically stabled form by hydroxide or sulphide and it is a slow process of destruction on the material by the chemical or electrochemical reaction in the environmental space. This kind of destruction has been typically produced from oxides or salt content on the material and it results in distinctive orange coloration. The classifications of corrosion act on atmospheric air and liquids as well as on contact of two solids. To resist the corrosion rate, stainless steel 316 has been chosen because of the presence of 2-3% molybdenum content and the presence of molybdenum plays a vital role in corrosion resistance. In this study, literature related to various works has been reviewed to explain the corrosion behaviour on cavitation, crevice, electrochemical, erosion, fatigue, galvanic, uniform, pitting, and stress corrosion which act on 316 stainless steel. In the present work, several coating processes and the additives, that have been added to SS 316 to enhance the outcomes according to various corrosion causes, are discussed.
{"title":"Comprehensive review of various corrosion behaviours on 316 stainless steel","authors":"K. Baranidharan, S ThirumalaiKumaran, M. Uthayakumar, P. Parameswaran","doi":"10.30544/570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/570","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion is a destructive process that converts the pure metal into a chemically stabled form by hydroxide or sulphide and it is a slow process of destruction on the material by the chemical or electrochemical reaction in the environmental space. This kind of destruction has been typically produced from oxides or salt content on the material and it results in distinctive orange coloration. The classifications of corrosion act on atmospheric air and liquids as well as on contact of two solids. To resist the corrosion rate, stainless steel 316 has been chosen because of the presence of 2-3% molybdenum content and the presence of molybdenum plays a vital role in corrosion resistance. In this study, literature related to various works has been reviewed to explain the corrosion behaviour on cavitation, crevice, electrochemical, erosion, fatigue, galvanic, uniform, pitting, and stress corrosion which act on 316 stainless steel. In the present work, several coating processes and the additives, that have been added to SS 316 to enhance the outcomes according to various corrosion causes, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83634597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadimpalli Sarada Purnima, S. Pujari, Siva Prasad Dora
Multi-response characteristic optimization is the most desired aspect of the components produced from electric discharge machining (EDM). Obtaining the optimal combination of parameters for surface roughness (SR) and micro-hardness (MH) is always a challenging task as the machining parameters favourable to one performance measure adversely affects the other. The present paper deals with the simultaneous optimization of SR and MH of D2 alloy steel during EDM with tungsten carbide (WC)/cobalt (Co) P/M electrode by considering electrode and machine tool parameters. Experimental run order was planned with Taguchi’s orthogonal arrays (OA) and in the present investigation, it is based on L18 OA. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed for the grey relational grade (GRG) showed that the tool parameter “particle size” (PS) is the most influential factor (61.43%) for simultaneous improvement of performance measures. The P/M electrode made of fine particle size (i.e., at nano level) has improved the process stability and reduced the arcing and short-circuiting results in reduced surface roughness. Simultaneously, the formation of the hard intermetallic phase’s viz., Fe3C, Cr23C6, W2C, Fe6W6C, and Cr2Fe14C on the EDMed surface has increased the surface hardness. The optimal set of parameters was validated through confirmation experiments.
{"title":"Simultaneous optimization of machine and tool parameters for EDM using WC/Co P/M electrode made with micron and nano sized particles","authors":"Nadimpalli Sarada Purnima, S. Pujari, Siva Prasad Dora","doi":"10.30544/582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/582","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-response characteristic optimization is the most desired aspect of the components produced from electric discharge machining (EDM). Obtaining the optimal combination of parameters for surface roughness (SR) and micro-hardness (MH) is always a challenging task as the machining parameters favourable to one performance measure adversely affects the other. The present paper deals with the simultaneous optimization of SR and MH of D2 alloy steel during EDM with tungsten carbide (WC)/cobalt (Co) P/M electrode by considering electrode and machine tool parameters. Experimental run order was planned with Taguchi’s orthogonal arrays (OA) and in the present investigation, it is based on L18 OA. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed for the grey relational grade (GRG) showed that the tool parameter “particle size” (PS) is the most influential factor (61.43%) for simultaneous improvement of performance measures. The P/M electrode made of fine particle size (i.e., at nano level) has improved the process stability and reduced the arcing and short-circuiting results in reduced surface roughness. Simultaneously, the formation of the hard intermetallic phase’s viz., Fe3C, Cr23C6, W2C, Fe6W6C, and Cr2Fe14C on the EDMed surface has increased the surface hardness. The optimal set of parameters was validated through confirmation experiments.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86742503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Maksimović, M. Stoiljković, V. Pavkov, J. Ciganovic, I. Cvijović-Alagić
Surface modifications of metallic biomaterials can in great merit, improve the properties of the hard-tissue implants and in that way contribute to the success of the surgical implantation process. Coating deposition stands out as one of the many surface-modifying techniques that can be used to improve implant surface properties and, in turn, induce successful osseointegration. Deposition of the TiO2 layer on the surface of the metallic implants has a great potential to enhance not only their osseointegration ability but also their biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. In the present study, the possibility of successful deposition of the TiO2 layer on the surface of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), as the most commonly used metallic implant material, by spraying the colloidal nanoparticles aqueous solution in the electric discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure was investigated. To characterize the colloidal TiO2 nanoparticle solution, used for the coating deposition process, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical profilometry were used to investigate the deposited surface layer morphology and quality. Estimation of the deposited film quality and texture was used to confirm that the arc plasma deposition technique can be successfully used as an advanced and easy-to-apply method for coating the metallic implant material surface with the bioactive TiO2 layer which favors the osseointegration process through the improvement of the implant surface properties. The TiO2 coating was successfully deposited using the arc plasma deposition technique and covered the entire surface of the CP-Ti substrate without any signs of coating cracking or detachment.
{"title":"Arc Plasma Deposition of TiO2 Nanoparticles from Colloidal Solution","authors":"V. Maksimović, M. Stoiljković, V. Pavkov, J. Ciganovic, I. Cvijović-Alagić","doi":"10.30544/587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/587","url":null,"abstract":"Surface modifications of metallic biomaterials can in great merit, improve the properties of the hard-tissue implants and in that way contribute to the success of the surgical implantation process. Coating deposition stands out as one of the many surface-modifying techniques that can be used to improve implant surface properties and, in turn, induce successful osseointegration. Deposition of the TiO2 layer on the surface of the metallic implants has a great potential to enhance not only their osseointegration ability but also their biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. In the present study, the possibility of successful deposition of the TiO2 layer on the surface of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti), as the most commonly used metallic implant material, by spraying the colloidal nanoparticles aqueous solution in the electric discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure was investigated. To characterize the colloidal TiO2 nanoparticle solution, used for the coating deposition process, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical profilometry were used to investigate the deposited surface layer morphology and quality. Estimation of the deposited film quality and texture was used to confirm that the arc plasma deposition technique can be successfully used as an advanced and easy-to-apply method for coating the metallic implant material surface with the bioactive TiO2 layer which favors the osseointegration process through the improvement of the implant surface properties. The TiO2 coating was successfully deposited using the arc plasma deposition technique and covered the entire surface of the CP-Ti substrate without any signs of coating cracking or detachment.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88779649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Kaludjerovic, V. Jovanović, S. Stevanović, Ž. Bogdanov, S. Krstić, V. Dodevski
Carbon materials with developed porosity are usually used as supports for platinum catalysts. Physico-chemical characteristics of the support influence the properties of platinum deposited and its catalytic activity. In our studies, we deposited platinum on carbon fibrous like materials obtained from platanus seeds - achenes. The precursor was chemically activated with different reagents: NaOH, pyrogallol, and H2O2, before the carbonization process. Platinum was deposited on all substrates to study the influence of the substrate properties on the activity of the catalyst. Carbon materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms measurements, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. It was noticed that the adsorption characteristics of carbon support affected the structure of platinum deposits and thus their activity.
{"title":"Characterization of carbon fibrous material from platanus achenes as platinum catalysts support","authors":"B. Kaludjerovic, V. Jovanović, S. Stevanović, Ž. Bogdanov, S. Krstić, V. Dodevski","doi":"10.30544/588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/588","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon materials with developed porosity are usually used as supports for platinum catalysts. Physico-chemical characteristics of the support influence the properties of platinum deposited and its catalytic activity. In our studies, we deposited platinum on carbon fibrous like materials obtained from platanus seeds - achenes. The precursor was chemically activated with different reagents: NaOH, pyrogallol, and H2O2, before the carbonization process. Platinum was deposited on all substrates to study the influence of the substrate properties on the activity of the catalyst. Carbon materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms measurements, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. It was noticed that the adsorption characteristics of carbon support affected the structure of platinum deposits and thus their activity.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74696598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Djordjevic, M. Premović, D. Minić, M. Kolarević, M. Tomović
In this study, the microstructure, hardness, and electrical properties of selected ternary Bi-Ge-In alloys were investigated. Isothermal sections of the Bi-Ge-In system at 25, 200, and 300 ° C were extrapolated using optimized thermodynamic parameters from the literature. The used experimental techniques include optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), Brinell hardness, and electrical conductivity measurements. The results of EDS phase composition analysis were compared with the calculated isothermal sections and a good overall agreement was reached. The results of the XRD were also in line with the predicted phase balance. By using ANOVA analysis and experimental results of Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity, a mathematical model was suggested for the calculation of these properties along with all composition ranges. The appropriated mathematical model was subsequently used for the prediction of hardness and electrical conductivity throughout the whole composition range.
{"title":"Effect of chemical composition on the microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity profiles of the Bi-Ge-In alloys","authors":"A. Djordjevic, M. Premović, D. Minić, M. Kolarević, M. Tomović","doi":"10.30544/561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/561","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the microstructure, hardness, and electrical properties of selected ternary Bi-Ge-In alloys were investigated. Isothermal sections of the Bi-Ge-In system at 25, 200, and 300 ° C were extrapolated using optimized thermodynamic parameters from the literature. The used experimental techniques include optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), Brinell hardness, and electrical conductivity measurements. The results of EDS phase composition analysis were compared with the calculated isothermal sections and a good overall agreement was reached. The results of the XRD were also in line with the predicted phase balance. By using ANOVA analysis and experimental results of Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity, a mathematical model was suggested for the calculation of these properties along with all composition ranges. The appropriated mathematical model was subsequently used for the prediction of hardness and electrical conductivity throughout the whole composition range.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84822993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Copper-based alloys and composites, owing to their convenient properties, are being considered essential materials in various industries. Since copper possesses an ability to develop high corrosion resistance, putting it in the domain of a desirable material in the manufacturing of valves, pipes, and also systems that carry industrial gases and aqueous fluids. Its usage is also invaluable for cables and electrical wires. This review paper describes diversity in copper alloy processing techniques (powder and ingot metallurgy) which are alongside the phase transformation kinetics interpreted and explained in detail. Furthermore, the focus is put on the copper alloys, as well as the kinetics present in these systems, with the application being highlighted. Correlation between physical properties and phase transformation kinetics in copper alloys is made. It is shown that if certain alloying elements are to be added, different properties could be improved. The effect of phase precipitation on phase transformation kinetics of copper alloys is shown by studying the Cu–15Ni–8Sn alloy.
{"title":"Effect of process parameters on the phase transformation kinetics in copper-based alloys and composites","authors":"M. Šimic, N. Radović, M. Gordić, J. Ružić","doi":"10.30544/571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/571","url":null,"abstract":"Copper-based alloys and composites, owing to their convenient properties, are being considered essential materials in various industries. Since copper possesses an ability to develop high corrosion resistance, putting it in the domain of a desirable material in the manufacturing of valves, pipes, and also systems that carry industrial gases and aqueous fluids. Its usage is also invaluable for cables and electrical wires. This review paper describes diversity in copper alloy processing techniques (powder and ingot metallurgy) which are alongside the phase transformation kinetics interpreted and explained in detail. Furthermore, the focus is put on the copper alloys, as well as the kinetics present in these systems, with the application being highlighted. Correlation between physical properties and phase transformation kinetics in copper alloys is made. It is shown that if certain alloying elements are to be added, different properties could be improved. The effect of phase precipitation on phase transformation kinetics of copper alloys is shown by studying the Cu–15Ni–8Sn alloy.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82954082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Premović, A. Djordjevic, D. Minić, M. Tomović, B. Radičević, N. Kolarević
Mechanical and electrical properties of the ternary Bi-Ge-Sn alloys were investigated in this study. Calculation of isothermal section at 200, 300, and 25 oC was carried out by using optimized thermodynamic parameters for the constitutive binary systems. Microstructures of alloys were observed by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phases in microstructures have been detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and compositions of the phase by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). EDS results were compared with the predicted isothermal section at 200 and 300 oC, and good agreement has been reached between them. The Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity of selected alloys were measured. Through ANOVA analysis and application of the obtained results, an appropriate mathematical model is proposed for every composition of alloys. By using the appropriated mathematical model for Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity, isolines for those properties were presented.
{"title":"Mechanical and electrical properties of the Bi-Ge-Sn alloys","authors":"M. Premović, A. Djordjevic, D. Minić, M. Tomović, B. Radičević, N. Kolarević","doi":"10.30544/562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/562","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical and electrical properties of the ternary Bi-Ge-Sn alloys were investigated in this study. Calculation of isothermal section at 200, 300, and 25 oC was carried out by using optimized thermodynamic parameters for the constitutive binary systems. Microstructures of alloys were observed by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phases in microstructures have been detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and compositions of the phase by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). EDS results were compared with the predicted isothermal section at 200 and 300 oC, and good agreement has been reached between them. The Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity of selected alloys were measured. Through ANOVA analysis and application of the obtained results, an appropriate mathematical model is proposed for every composition of alloys. By using the appropriated mathematical model for Brinell hardness and electrical conductivity, isolines for those properties were presented.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86743803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Friction losses and wear losses are the main failure reasons in the internal combustion (IC) engine components i.e., cylinder liner and piston. So, it demands lightweight self-lubricating low friction and wear-resistant materials to increase the efficiency and reduce the emission issue of the IC engine. In this concern, tribological tests are performed on self-lubricating aluminium composites samples reinforced with 6 wt.% of γ-Al2O3 and Graphene Nano Platelets (GNP) with varying concentration (0.5 wt.% 5 wt.%), using ball-on-disc tribo-configuration under dry sliding conditions. The scope of this study is to investigate the anti-friction and anti-wear properties of GNP as reinforcement in the hybrid nanocomposite. The hybrid nanocomposite samples are fabricated using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) fabrication route. From the results, it is reported that friction and wear reduction percentage is 37.43 % and 51.64 %, respectively for the hybrid nanocomposite with 5 wt. % GNP. It is attributed to the inclusion of GNP, which reduces the Coefficient of Friction (COF) and improves wear resistance of the composite significantly.
{"title":"Friction and wear reduction by graphene nano platelets for hybrid nano Aluminium matrix composite under dry sliding conditions","authors":"P. D. Srivyas, M. Charoo","doi":"10.30544/536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/536","url":null,"abstract":"Friction losses and wear losses are the main failure reasons in the internal combustion (IC) engine components i.e., cylinder liner and piston. So, it demands lightweight self-lubricating low friction and wear-resistant materials to increase the efficiency and reduce the emission issue of the IC engine. In this concern, tribological tests are performed on self-lubricating aluminium composites samples reinforced with 6 wt.% of γ-Al2O3 and Graphene Nano Platelets (GNP) with varying concentration (0.5 wt.% 5 wt.%), using ball-on-disc tribo-configuration under dry sliding conditions. The scope of this study is to investigate the anti-friction and anti-wear properties of GNP as reinforcement in the hybrid nanocomposite. The hybrid nanocomposite samples are fabricated using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) fabrication route. From the results, it is reported that friction and wear reduction percentage is 37.43 % and 51.64 %, respectively for the hybrid nanocomposite with 5 wt. % GNP. It is attributed to the inclusion of GNP, which reduces the Coefficient of Friction (COF) and improves wear resistance of the composite significantly.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75385456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With rapid economic progress worldwide, the search for new resources for materials has become a priority due to mineral resource depletion. Enhanced requirements for manganese alloys and compounds for several commercial applications created a desperate demand for manganese recovery technologies from primary as well as secondary resources. The future demand for manganese alloys and compounds is expected to increase. The growing need of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) for different battery usage in automobile and energy sectors could create a gap in the supply and demand of manganese. There is an urgent necessity for eco-friendly and efficient technologies to boost the production of manganese from low-grade ores as well as postconsumer products. The framework of effective leaching processes and proper solvent extraction techniques for the recovery of manganese could be a novel pathway to get a clean, green and healthy environment for a sustainable future in the automotive and energy segment where this metal has a significant contribution.
{"title":"An overview on potential hydrometallurgical processes for separation and recovery of manganese","authors":"Dr.Sanghamitra Pradhan, Ms.Muskan Ram, Prof.Sujata Mishra","doi":"10.30544/560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30544/560","url":null,"abstract":"With rapid economic progress worldwide, the search for new resources for materials has become a priority due to mineral resource depletion. Enhanced requirements for manganese alloys and compounds for several commercial applications created a desperate demand for manganese recovery technologies from primary as well as secondary resources. The future demand for manganese alloys and compounds is expected to increase. The growing need of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) for different battery usage in automobile and energy sectors could create a gap in the supply and demand of manganese. There is an urgent necessity for eco-friendly and efficient technologies to boost the production of manganese from low-grade ores as well as postconsumer products. The framework of effective leaching processes and proper solvent extraction techniques for the recovery of manganese could be a novel pathway to get a clean, green and healthy environment for a sustainable future in the automotive and energy segment where this metal has a significant contribution.","PeriodicalId":18466,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89652284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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