Pub Date : 2006-08-31DOI: 10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.183
K. Nakajima, T. Nishi
with a worm-like chain model, and thus gave microscopic information about entropic elasticity. Solvent effects on polymer chain conformations were also discussed. Nanofishing technique was extended for dynamic viscoelasitc measurement of single polymer chains. AFM cantilever was mechanically oscillated at its resonant frequency during stretching process. By this technique, we could quantitatively and simultaneously estimate elongation-dependent changes of stiffness and viscosity of a single chain itself with using a phenomenological model. The solvent effect on the viscosity in low extension regions was ensured that the viscosity under about 10 kHz perturbation was attributed to monomer-solvent friction. These methods were proved to be powerful to give the experimental proofs against several basic questions in polymer physics and furthermore will unveil hidden properties of polymer chains or polymer solutions by any macroscopic measurements in the future.
{"title":"Viscoelasticity of a Single Polymer Chain","authors":"K. Nakajima, T. Nishi","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.183","url":null,"abstract":"with a worm-like chain model, and thus gave microscopic information about entropic elasticity. Solvent effects on polymer chain conformations were also discussed. Nanofishing technique was extended for dynamic viscoelasitc measurement of single polymer chains. AFM cantilever was mechanically oscillated at its resonant frequency during stretching process. By this technique, we could quantitatively and simultaneously estimate elongation-dependent changes of stiffness and viscosity of a single chain itself with using a phenomenological model. The solvent effect on the viscosity in low extension regions was ensured that the viscosity under about 10 kHz perturbation was attributed to monomer-solvent friction. These methods were proved to be powerful to give the experimental proofs against several basic questions in polymer physics and furthermore will unveil hidden properties of polymer chains or polymer solutions by any macroscopic measurements in the future.","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"88 1","pages":"183-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89052180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-31DOI: 10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.148
H. Ogawa, A. Matsumoto, E. Sakai, K. Iwabuchi, Takashi Minamihonoki, S. Hagiwara
{"title":"Recent Advance on Static Calorimetry","authors":"H. Ogawa, A. Matsumoto, E. Sakai, K. Iwabuchi, Takashi Minamihonoki, S. Hagiwara","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"48 15 1","pages":"148-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85473612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-06-15DOI: 10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.114
S. Boyer
Materials selection is usually made according to their thermophysical and structural properties. To provide a useful guide to the utilization of materials in a given set of conditions (temperature T, pressure P and pressurizing conditions), PVT-Controlled scanning calorimetry named scanning transitiometry permits to well document phase diagrams. The type and extent of {polymer/gas} interactions as well as thermophysical properties are obtained from thermal and mechanical measurements resulting from the methodology controlling precisely the temperature and pressure. Scanning transitiometry permits to scan one of the independent variables (P, V, or T) while the other independent variable is kept constant. Simultaneous change of the dependent variable is recorded together with the associated thermal effect. The effect of pressure on the thermophysical properties, especially using carbon dioxide as a pressurizing fluid, is investigated along two types of runs. Pressure-Controlled Scanning Calorimetry (PCSC) run is employed to determine the global cubic thermal expansion coefficients ‡ of semicrystalline polymers in interaction with a fluid. Temperature-Controlled Scanning Calorimetry (TCSC) run is employed to investigate the isotropic transitions of amphiphilic liquid crystalline di-block copolymers under a pressurizing fluid. These polymers play an essential role as regards the safety of transport of petroleum products and are promising candidates as templates for microelectronics and biotechnology.
{"title":"Calorimetric/PVT Investigations of the Interactions in Polymer/Gas Systems under High Pressures","authors":"S. Boyer","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.114","url":null,"abstract":"Materials selection is usually made according to their thermophysical and structural properties. To provide a useful guide to the utilization of materials in a given set of conditions (temperature T, pressure P and pressurizing conditions), PVT-Controlled scanning calorimetry named scanning transitiometry permits to well document phase diagrams. The type and extent of {polymer/gas} interactions as well as thermophysical properties are obtained from thermal and mechanical measurements resulting from the methodology controlling precisely the temperature and pressure. Scanning transitiometry permits to scan one of the independent variables (P, V, or T) while the other independent variable is kept constant. Simultaneous change of the dependent variable is recorded together with the associated thermal effect. The effect of pressure on the thermophysical properties, especially using carbon dioxide as a pressurizing fluid, is investigated along two types of runs. Pressure-Controlled Scanning Calorimetry (PCSC) run is employed to determine the global cubic thermal expansion coefficients ‡ of semicrystalline polymers in interaction with a fluid. Temperature-Controlled Scanning Calorimetry (TCSC) run is employed to investigate the isotropic transitions of amphiphilic liquid crystalline di-block copolymers under a pressurizing fluid. These polymers play an essential role as regards the safety of transport of petroleum products and are promising candidates as templates for microelectronics and biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"6 1","pages":"114-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86050498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-06-15DOI: 10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.98
H. Wada
Magnetic refrigeration is expected to be a future technology because of its energy efficiency and environmental safety. The concept of magnetic refrigeration is based on the magnetocaloric effects. In this article, we first review magnetocaloric effects and recent development of magnetic refrigerators. Then, we report the giant magnetocaloric effects of MnAs1-xSbx, which were recently discovered by our group. It is found that a first-order magnetic transition from a ferromagnetic state to a paramagnetic state is responsible for giant magnetocaloric effects in this system. Finally, the prospect of magnetic refrigerant materials at room temperature will be given.
{"title":"Magnetocaloric Effect and Magnetic Refrigerant Materials","authors":"H. Wada","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.98","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic refrigeration is expected to be a future technology because of its energy efficiency and environmental safety. The concept of magnetic refrigeration is based on the magnetocaloric effects. In this article, we first review magnetocaloric effects and recent development of magnetic refrigerators. Then, we report the giant magnetocaloric effects of MnAs1-xSbx, which were recently discovered by our group. It is found that a first-order magnetic transition from a ferromagnetic state to a paramagnetic state is responsible for giant magnetocaloric effects in this system. Finally, the prospect of magnetic refrigerant materials at room temperature will be given.","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"44 1","pages":"98-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91275305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-06-15DOI: 10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.127
T. Hatakeyama
日本工業規格(Japan Industrial Standard, JIS)におい て,熱関連の規格を扱っている分野は,プラスチックス, 電機,繊維など多岐に渉っている。形式,用語など一応の 整合性がたもたれているが,かならずしも学問体系に対応 するものではない。これは,本来工業規格が産業や商取引 において,必要とされる各分野で制定され,一定期間ごと の見直しにより更新され,さらに,現実に産業界が使用せ ず,必要が認められない規格は破棄されるためである。工 業規格は各産業界の団体が政府機関と連携のもと,原案を 作り規格として制定するため,しかも,業界の無償の寄与 に依存しているところも,多々あるため,その工業規格が, 日本の産業界に必要不可欠であるか,国際的にISOなどの 整合性などの観点から,必要であるかなどが規格制定の大 きな要因となっている。JISの熱分析関連規格を以下に示す。 JIS G 5511 鉄系低熱膨張鋳造品 JIS H 7101 形状記憶合金の変態点測定方法 JIS K 7120 プラスチックの熱重量測定方法 JIS K 7121 プラスチックの転移温度測定方法 JIS K 7122 プラスチックの転移熱測定方法 JIS K 7123 プラスチックの比熱容量測定方法 JIS K 7196 熱可塑性プラスチックフィルム及びシート の熱機械分析による軟化温度試験方法 JIS K 7197 プラスチックの熱機械分析による線膨張率 試験方法 JIS R 1618 ファインセラミックスの熱機械分析による 熱膨張の測定方法 JIS R 3102 ガラスの平均線膨張係数の試験方法 JIS K 6226-1 ゴム-熱重量測定による加硫ゴム及び未加 硫ゴム組成の求め方 JIS K 6226-2 ゴム-熱重量測定による加硫ゴム及び未加
日本工业标准(Japan Industrial Standard, JIS)中涉及热相关标准的领域包括塑料、电机、纤维等多个领域。形式、用语等保持了初步的一致性，但不一定对应学问体系。这是因为，本来工业规格是在产业和商业交易中需要的各个领域制定的，每隔一段时间就更新一次，进而废除现实中产业界不使用的、不被认为有必要的规格。工业规格是各产业界的团体在与政府机关的合作下，将原案作为规格制定出来的，而且，依赖业界的无偿贡献的地方也很多，因此，那个工业规格制定标准的主要原因是，是否对日本产业界来说不可或缺，从国际ISO等的一致性等角度考虑，是否必要等。JIS的热分析相关标准如下所示。JIS G 5511铁基低热膨胀铸造品JIS H 7101形状记忆合金的变态点测定方法JIS k7120塑料的热重量测定方法JIS k7121塑料的转移温度测定方法JIS k7122塑料的转移热测量方法JIS k7123塑料的比热容量测量方法JIS k7196热塑性塑料薄膜和薄膜热机分析的软化温度测试方法JIS K 7197塑料热机分析的线膨胀率测试方法JIS R 1618新型陶瓷热机分析的热膨胀测量方法JIS R3102玻璃的平均线膨胀系数的测试方法JIS K 6226-1橡胶-热重量测定硫化橡胶和未硫化橡胶组成的求法JIS K 6226-2橡胶-热重量测定硫化橡胶和未加
{"title":"Revision of Japanese Industrial Standard of General Rule on Thermal Analysis","authors":"T. Hatakeyama","doi":"10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11311/JSCTA1974.33.127","url":null,"abstract":"日本工業規格(Japan Industrial Standard, JIS)におい て,熱関連の規格を扱っている分野は,プラスチックス, 電機,繊維など多岐に渉っている。形式,用語など一応の 整合性がたもたれているが,かならずしも学問体系に対応 するものではない。これは,本来工業規格が産業や商取引 において,必要とされる各分野で制定され,一定期間ごと の見直しにより更新され,さらに,現実に産業界が使用せ ず,必要が認められない規格は破棄されるためである。工 業規格は各産業界の団体が政府機関と連携のもと,原案を 作り規格として制定するため,しかも,業界の無償の寄与 に依存しているところも,多々あるため,その工業規格が, 日本の産業界に必要不可欠であるか,国際的にISOなどの 整合性などの観点から,必要であるかなどが規格制定の大 きな要因となっている。JISの熱分析関連規格を以下に示す。 JIS G 5511 鉄系低熱膨張鋳造品 JIS H 7101 形状記憶合金の変態点測定方法 JIS K 7120 プラスチックの熱重量測定方法 JIS K 7121 プラスチックの転移温度測定方法 JIS K 7122 プラスチックの転移熱測定方法 JIS K 7123 プラスチックの比熱容量測定方法 JIS K 7196 熱可塑性プラスチックフィルム及びシート の熱機械分析による軟化温度試験方法 JIS K 7197 プラスチックの熱機械分析による線膨張率 試験方法 JIS R 1618 ファインセラミックスの熱機械分析による 熱膨張の測定方法 JIS R 3102 ガラスの平均線膨張係数の試験方法 JIS K 6226-1 ゴム-熱重量測定による加硫ゴム及び未加 硫ゴム組成の求め方 JIS K 6226-2 ゴム-熱重量測定による加硫ゴム及び未加","PeriodicalId":19096,"journal":{"name":"Netsu Sokutei","volume":"30 1","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83398411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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