Radiation Measurements最新文献

{"title":"Modeling the stochastic-deterministic boundary in luminescence: Consequences for dose estimation","authors":"Eren Şahiner","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kinetic models based on deterministic ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are effective for macroscopic systems, but a breakdown of their foundational assumptions is observed for single-grain and nanodosimetric applications where particle numbers are small. In this study, the metrological consequences of this stochastic-deterministic divergence are quantitatively investigated. The study's primary contribution is to deconvolve the divergence into two distinct components: a robust, inherent imprecision and a model-dependent, systematic inaccuracy. Intrinsic physical stochasticity is confirmed to be a dominant source of imprecision, generating an irreducible dose uncertainty of over 20 % that accounts for a significant fraction of single-grain overdispersion. Conversely, a systematic inaccuracy (e.g., a &gt;50 % dose bias), initially observed in a simplified model, is demonstrated to be a methodological artifact, not a universal consequence of discreteness. It is shown that this systematic bias can be reduced to negligible levels (&lt;1 %) by using either a more physically realistic multi-trap model or a correctly specified simple model. Based on this deconvolution, analytical protocols are assessed. An \"Average-Dose-First\" protocol is identified as the superior method, as it provides an accurate final dose estimate while correctly propagating measurement uncertainty. A general framework for understanding and partitioning variance in luminescence data is thereby established. Practical recommendations are provided for improving the accuracy of modern luminescence science by selecting appropriate models and using correct statistical protocols, with a strong emphasis on the critical need for model validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of deep learning-based track detection technique in neutron personal dose monitoring research","authors":"Yuji Miao ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Tian ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Shi ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiangyong Fan ,&nbsp;Jiayi Ma ,&nbsp;Jin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces the application of the object detection paradigm (Faster R-CNN) to fast neutron track detection using deep learning algorithms. Neutron dose measurements were conducted using CR-39 detectors, and two methods-morphological features-based detection and deep learning (Faster R-CNN) were evaluated. The deep learning method demonstrated superior accuracy, particularly in identifying small tracks and impurity points, achieving a correct-count rate of 98.7 %. Additionally, it significantly improved detection speed compared to manual and morphological feature-based methods. The performance of the neutron personal dosimetry system, which incorporates the deep learning approach, was validated through linearity validation, coefficient of variation analysis, and dose verification. Due to its fully automated nature, this method can reduce measurement uncertainty and can be extended to recognize other types of particle tracks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper-based halide Cs3Cu2I5: (X) bulk single crystals: Growth and applications","authors":"Jianjia Li,&nbsp;Yunfei Ren,&nbsp;Zhicheng Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-dimensional copper-based halides have garnered wide attention due to their strong self-trapped exciton (STE) emission, among which, Cs₃Cu₂I₅ (CCI), characterized by a zero-dimensional electronic structure, exhibits promising application potential across multiple fields owing to its non-toxicity and excellent environmental stability. Notably, its exceptional radioluminescence properties make it an outstanding scintillator material for high-energy radiation detection. In recent years, although reports on diverse CCI material morphologies abound, bulk single crystals have become the primary focus because of their superior light output and low defect density. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss the growth methodologies and applications of CCI bulk single crystals, which encompasses both melt and solution growth techniques, as well as currently developed and potentially superior application scenarios. Furthermore, we dedicate a section to discuss doping engineering strategies applied to CCI materials and the resultant property enhancements. Finally, the key challenges and future research directions for CCI bulk single crystals are outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation source analysis of beamline stations at fourth-generation synchrotron light facility","authors":"Jiaduo Chen ,&nbsp;Shiping Jiang ,&nbsp;Penghui Yang ,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bremsstrahlung produced by electrons in the storage ring is a major concern in the radiation shielding design of synchrotron light sources, primarily arising from the Touschek effect and vacuum-related effect. Depending on the underlying mechanism, the resulting bremsstrahlung is classified as either solid or gas bremsstrahlung, both of which can propagate into beamline stations, especially from straight sections, thereby posing radiological risks to personnel and equipment.</div><div>With the advancement of fourth-generation synchrotron light sources based on diffraction-limited storage ring technology, the characteristics of bremsstrahlung radiation originating from straight sections have become increasingly complex, making earlier radiation source models no longer directly applicable. The objective of this study is to conduct an analysis of radiation sources in beamline stations of fourth-generation synchrotron facilities, clarify their respective contributions, and evaluate the implications of different modeling methodologies for shielding design. This study focuses on a representative beamline at the Hefei Advanced Light Facility. Three modeling approaches are developed and compared: (i) a simplified model, which assumes uniform electron losses throughout the storage ring with fixed-angle impacts on internal surfaces; (ii) a more refined model, which uses ELEGANT to accurately simulate electron loss positions and dynamics in straight sections, coupled with FLUKA to analyze the generation and transport of solid bremsstrahlung; and (iii) a gas bremsstrahlung model, which employs FLUKA to directly simulate electron–residual gas interactions.</div><div>The study compares the energy spectra, angular distributions, and spatial profiles of bremsstrahlung from the three models on the upstream wall of the first optical enclosure. Ambient dose equivalent distributions surrounding the enclosure are also evaluated. Results indicate that both solid and gas bremsstrahlung are major contributors to radiation levels in the beamline stations, each exhibiting distinct spatial and spectral characteristics. In addition, the study finds that the simplified model introduces significant deviations in the estimation of solid bremsstrahlung, highlighting the importance of accurately incorporating electron loss information in radiation simulations for beamline stations at fourth-generation synchrotron light sources to achieve reliable shielding assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of neutron dose for the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction at Ep = 66 MeV at the iThemba LABS high-energy neutron facility","authors":"Elizabeth Fairall ,&nbsp;Tanya Hutton ,&nbsp;Peane Maleka ,&nbsp;Andy Buffler","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A metrological characterisation of a high-energy neutron field at the iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences (LABS) was combined with Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations to estimate the absorbed dose delivered to vials of human blood for an experimental setup relevant to conducting radiobiology experiments at this facility. Neutrons with a peak energy of 62.34(37) MeV were produced by a 66.48 MeV proton beam irradiating an 8.0 mm lithium target. The neutron beam energy distribution and fluence were characterised at emission angles of 0° and 16° via Time-of-Flight measurements with a BC-501A liquid scintillation detector, a ²³⁸U fission ionisation chamber, and two beam monitors. These measurements were combined with Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations developed in Geant4 to calculate the absorbed dose that would be delivered to four vials of human blood contained in high-density polyethylene phantoms placed at a distance of 4.300 m from the target during a typical irradiation. The absorbed dose delivered to each blood vial per unit monitor count was estimated and combined with measured monitor count rates to determine the absorbed dose rate. Depending on the vial position in the phantom, dose rates ranged from 24.36(78) mGy hour⁻¹ to 26.22(84) mGy hour⁻¹ at 0°, and from 13.16(42) mGy hour⁻¹ to 14.21(46) mGy hour⁻¹ at 16°.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of a heatless approach for initializing radiophotoluminescence glasses (FD-7) using ultraviolet light","authors":"Soheil Aghabaklooei ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Yasuda","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ag-doped phosphate radiophotoluminescence (RPL) glass dosimeter (RPLD) is widely used for radiation dosimetry. Although RPLD has the advantage of reusability through proper annealing, the current annealing process has undesirable features, such as heating at a high temperature (approximately 400 °C) and subsequent long (nearly half a day) cooling. In this study, we propose a new approach to initialize RPLDs more safely and rapidly using ultraviolet light (UV), which is expected to be preferable in many occasions, including quality assurance (QA) for radiotherapy. Four samples of commercially available RPLD glass (FD-7) with a size of φ1.5 mm × 12 mm were irradiated with X-rays (160 kV, 6.3 mA) at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 Gy (for H₂O) and exposed to UV from a high-pressure mercury UV lamp, which has a broad wavelength range with a dominant peak at 365 nm. RPL intensities were measured using an exclusive RPL readout system (FDG-1000, Asahi Techno Glass Co., Ltd.) at certain time intervals at room temperature. After 3-h UV exposure, the RPL intensity decreased by &gt;90 % for irradiation of 1 Gy or higher, and 6-h UV exposure cleared &gt;95 % of the RPL intensity for 2 Gy or higher. The RPL intensity increased slightly (2 % in 24 h at room temperature) after the termination of UV exposure. According to these findings, it is expected that the proposed heatless approach to initialize RPLDs, named ‘UV-annealing method’ here, will be effectively applied to routine dosimetry in relatively high-dose radiation fields, including radiotherapy facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed IoT-based radon monitoring in indoor spaces: Quantifying spatial gradients using multi-node Si-PIN arrays","authors":"Chao Xie ,&nbsp;Chunyun Jiang ,&nbsp;Tao Qiu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zeng ,&nbsp;Shengyang Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indoor radon gas exposure is a major source of ionizing radiation for the public, and its spatial distribution is highly heterogeneous. However, traditional single-point monitoring devices struggle to capture gradient changes, and high costs restrict large-scale deployment. This study developed an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Distributed Radon Monitoring System (DRMS) to achieve high-resolution spatial monitoring by integrating low-cost silicon-based (Si-PIN) sensor arrays with adaptive anti-jamming Zigbee networks. The system employs multiple radon concentration sensors to enhance sensitivity and constructs a star-cluster hybrid topology wireless network, ensuring reliable communication in complex environments (1000 m in line-of-sight and 300 m in non-line-of-sight). Experimental validation shows that DRMS demonstrates good temporal consistency with the standard radon detector RAD7 (Durridge Company Inc., USA) within the dynamic range of 100–300 Bq.m⁻³. It can capture spatial gradients of radon concentration up to 4.27 times in enclosed spaces (e.g., median value of 228.5 Bq.m⁻³ in corner areas vs. 53.5 Bq.m⁻³ in near-window areas), which matches the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations (R² = 0.962). The system provides a cost-effective and precise tool for radon risk assessment in complex environments such as mines and basements, holding significant value for achieving precise prevention and control of radon exposure risks and public health protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated organ dose using the size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) and its comparison with direct measurements","authors":"Choirul Anam ,&nbsp;Toshioh Fujibuchi ,&nbsp;Donghee Han ,&nbsp;Riska Amilia ,&nbsp;Noor Diyana Osman ,&nbsp;Geoff Dougherty","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The aim of this study is to estimate the organ dose using the size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in an anthropomorphic phantom and compare the results with direct measurements using a pencil ionization chamber and radio-photo-luminescence dosimeters (RPLDs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Organ dose estimation in computed tomography (CT) examination was performed using the SSDE concept. The central SSDE (SSDE_c) and peripheral SSDE (SSDE_p) were calculated from the weighted SSDE (SSDE_w). A dose map was created from SSDE_c and SSDE_p with interpolation. Organ dose or dose at a specific position was calculated as the average of the dose map within a defined region of interest (ROI). We implemented the algorithm on an anthropomorphic phantom scanned by a Toshiba Alexion™ Access 4-slice CT scanner with both fixed tube current (FTC) and tube current modulation (TCM) modes. A pencil ionization chamber and RPLDs were used to measure the organ dose directly in the anthropomorphic phantom. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to assess whether there was any significance difference among the methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The organ doses estimated using SSDE were comparable with the direct measurements using a pencil ionization chamber and RPLDs. The organ dose estimation using SSDE in FTC mode exhibits a discrepancy of approximately 4.02 ± 0.04 % and 4.59 ± 0.03 % compared to the direct measurements using the ionization chamber and RPLDs, respectively. The differences in the TCM mode are 5.09 ± 0.03 % and 17.91 ± 0.08 % compared to the direct measurements using an ionization chamber and RPLDs, respectively. The statistical analysis yielded a <em>p</em>-value &gt;0.05, confirming the reliability of the SSDE method for organ dose estimation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Organ dose estimation using the SSDE method has been successfully validated. The organ dose using SSDE was comparable to those from direct measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The performance of a planar CdZnTe thermal neutron detector","authors":"Yu Xiang ,&nbsp;Xiaopan Jiang ,&nbsp;Bin Tang ,&nbsp;Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Li ,&nbsp;Xianchao Huang ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Cunfeng Wei ,&nbsp;Long Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nuclide ¹¹³Cd is sensitive to thermal neutrons. Most of the gamma rays generated from ¹¹³Cd<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>114</mn></mrow></msup><mi>Cd</mi></mrow></math></span> reactions have an energy of 558 keV. CdZnTe detectors contain Cd-113. Their good energy resolution for gamma rays ensures that they can identify the thermal neutrons by detecting the prompt gamma rays. Planar CdZnTe detectors are easy to manufacture and therefore cheap. Nonetheless, they have not yet been utilized in thermal neutron detection since their spectra lack the 558 keV photopeak, which is essential for identifying neutron capture events. In this paper, a 22 mm<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>22 mm<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>0.5 mm planar CdZnTe detector was used to detect the thermal neutrons from the No. 20 neutron beam line of China Spallation Neutron Source. A special detection method was applied to distinguish thermal neutrons from background radiation so that the planar detector was able to detect thermal neutrons. The intrinsic total detection efficiency of the detector for thermal neutrons was measured as 6.58%<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>0.76%. The result demonstrates that planar CdZnTe detectors are also able to serve as thermal neutron detectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and response characterization of new Bonner sphere spectrometer using lithium-glass scintillators coupled with current-integrating photomultiplier tubes","authors":"Akihiko Masuda ,&nbsp;Tetsuro Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Seiya Manabe ,&nbsp;Hideki Harano ,&nbsp;Hiroki Tanaka ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Sakurai ,&nbsp;Daisuke Ito ,&nbsp;Takushi Takata ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Kumada","doi":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmeas.2025.107512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new Bonner sphere spectrometer (BSS) has been developed to measure the spectral fluence of high-intensity neutrons in boron neutron capture therapy facilities and radiation resistance test facilities for electronic devices. A pair of lithium-glass scintillators (GS20 and GS30) coupled with current-integrating photomultiplier tubes was adopted as a low-energy neutron detection element for the Bonner sphere detectors to compensate for the effects of γ-rays. The response matrix for the BSS was determined by Monte Carlo simulations of the response in pulse-counting mode and by using an experimentally determined conversion factor to convert the pulse-counting response to the current-integrating response. Since the new detector has geometric asymmetry, the directional dependence of the response functions was evaluated through experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. A significant directional dependence was observed, which is acceptable when neutrons from a single direction, but care must be taken when measuring neutrons originating from a wide range of directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21055,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Measurements","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 107512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}