Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.09.003
Paulo Mendes Peçanha , Isabela Cruz Bahiense , Wdson Luis Lima Kruschewsky , Cláudia Biasutti , Carlos Urbano Gonçalves Ferreira Júnior , Breno Gonçalves Pinheiro , Simone Bravim Maifrede , Zoilo Pires de Camargo , Anderson Messias Rodrigues , Tânia Regina Grão-Velloso , Aloísio Falqueto , Sarah Santos Gonçalves
Background
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic disease in Latin America. In immunocompetent hosts, PCM occurs in two main clinical forms: acute and chronic. However, in HIV-infected patients PCM may show up simultaneous manifestations of acute and chronic forms.
Case report
We present the case of a patient diagnosed with HIV who had disseminated skin lesions and generalized lymphadenopathy, as well as respiratory and central nervous system involvement. The PCM diagnosis was confirmed by direct KOH examination, double immunodiffusion and the isolation of the fungus in samples of an abscess in the subcostal region. The isolate was identified as Paracoccidioides brasiliensis S1 by species-specific PCR using primers for protein-coding gene GP43 (exon 2) followed by PCR-RFLP of the alpha-tubulin gene.
Conclusions
There are few data in literature reporting species-specific molecular identification of Paracoccidioides in HIV/PCM patients. Therefore, this case report may contribute to improve the knowledge about this severe disease, its causative cryptic species, and its consequences to patients.
{"title":"Paracoccidioidomycosis due to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis S1 associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A case report","authors":"Paulo Mendes Peçanha , Isabela Cruz Bahiense , Wdson Luis Lima Kruschewsky , Cláudia Biasutti , Carlos Urbano Gonçalves Ferreira Júnior , Breno Gonçalves Pinheiro , Simone Bravim Maifrede , Zoilo Pires de Camargo , Anderson Messias Rodrigues , Tânia Regina Grão-Velloso , Aloísio Falqueto , Sarah Santos Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic disease in Latin America. In immunocompetent hosts, PCM occurs in two main clinical forms: acute and chronic. However, in HIV-infected patients PCM may show up simultaneous manifestations of acute and chronic forms.</p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p>We present the case of a patient diagnosed with HIV who had disseminated skin lesions and generalized lymphadenopathy, as well as respiratory and central nervous system involvement. The PCM diagnosis was confirmed by direct KOH examination, double immunodiffusion and the isolation of the fungus in samples of an abscess in the subcostal region. The isolate was identified as <span><em>Paracoccidioides</em><em> brasiliensis</em></span> S1 by species-specific PCR using primers for protein-coding gene <em>GP43</em> (exon 2) followed by PCR-RFLP of the alpha-tubulin gene.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There are few data in literature reporting species-specific molecular identification of <em>Paracoccidioides</em> in HIV/PCM patients. Therefore, this case report may contribute to improve the knowledge about this severe disease, its causative cryptic species, and its consequences to patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38371663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.10.003
Gabriela María Santiso , Fernando Messina , Andrea Gallo , Emmanuel Marín , Roxana Depardo , Alicia Arechavala , Laura Walker , Ricardo Negroni , María Mercedes Romero
Background
Cryptococcosis is a severe universally distributed mycosis which mainly affects immunocompromised hosts. This mycosis is caused by yeasts of two species complex of the genus Cryptococcus: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Meningeal cryptococcosis is the most frequent clinical presentation of this disseminated mycosis. The oral mucosa involvement is extremely unusual.
Case report
We present a case of cryptococcosis with an unusual clinical form. The patient was assisted because she had an ulcerated lesion on the lingual mucosa. Encapsulated yeasts compatible with Cryptococcus were found in microscopic exams of wet preparations from lingual ulcer clinical samples obtained for cytodiagnosis and mycological studies. Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans var. grubii VNI) was isolated in culture. This patient did not know her condition of HIV seropositive before the appearance of the tongue lesion.
Conclusions
The involvement of the oral mucosa is uncommon in this fungal infection, but is important to include it in the differential diagnosis in HIV positive patients.
隐球菌病是一种严重的普遍分布的真菌病，主要影响免疫功能低下的宿主。这种真菌病是由两种复杂的隐球菌属酵母引起的:新生隐球菌和加蒂隐球菌。脑膜隐球菌病是这种弥散性真菌病最常见的临床表现。口腔黏膜受累是非常罕见的。病例报告我们报告一例隐球菌病与一个不寻常的临床形式。该病人因舌黏膜溃疡而接受辅助治疗。在用于细胞诊断和真菌学研究的舌溃疡临床样本的湿制剂的显微镜检查中发现了与隐球菌相容的封装酵母。培养分离到新生隐球菌(C. neoformans var. grubii VNI)。该患者在舌头出现病变前并不知道自己的HIV血清阳性情况。结论累及口腔黏膜的真菌感染在HIV阳性患者中并不常见，但在鉴别诊断中应将其纳入考虑范围。
{"title":"Tongue lesion due to Cryptococcus neoformans as the first finding in an HIV-positive patient","authors":"Gabriela María Santiso , Fernando Messina , Andrea Gallo , Emmanuel Marín , Roxana Depardo , Alicia Arechavala , Laura Walker , Ricardo Negroni , María Mercedes Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cryptococcosis is a severe universally distributed mycosis which mainly affects immunocompromised hosts. This mycosis is caused by yeasts of two species complex of the genus <span><em>Cryptococcus</em></span>: <span><em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em></span> and <span><em>Cryptococcus gattii</em></span>. Meningeal cryptococcosis is the most frequent clinical presentation of this disseminated mycosis. The oral mucosa involvement is extremely unusual.</p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p>We present a case of cryptococcosis with an unusual clinical form. The patient was assisted because she had an ulcerated lesion on the lingual mucosa. Encapsulated yeasts compatible with <em>Cryptococcus</em> were found in microscopic exams of wet preparations from lingual ulcer clinical samples obtained for cytodiagnosis and mycological studies. <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> (<em>C. neoformans</em> var. <em>grubii</em> VNI) was isolated in culture. This patient did not know her condition of HIV seropositive before the appearance of the tongue lesion.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The involvement of the oral mucosa is uncommon in this fungal infection, but is important to include it in the differential diagnosis in HIV positive patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38772770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.02.003
F. Javier Cabañes
{"title":"Ringworm in cats and dogs: New guidelines","authors":"F. Javier Cabañes","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.02.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37963282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.10.002
Judith Díaz-García , Maiken C. Arendrup , Rafael Cantón , Julio García-Rodríguez , Elia Gómez García de la Pedrosa , Gabriella Parisi , Javier Pemán , Brunella Posteraro , Maurizio Sanguinetti , Daniel Archimedes Da Matta , Arnaldo L. Colombo , Patricia Muñoz , Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo , Jesús Guinea , Pilar Escribano
Background
The virulence of isolates among different Candida species causing candidemia may play a role in the prognosis of the patients. Furthermore, the potential relationship between genotype and virulence is still unclear and need to be further studied.
Aims
We aim to assess the relationship between genotype and virulence in Candida species using a Galleria mellonella larvae infection model.
Methods
One hundred and ninety-four isolates from 68 clusters (Candida albicans, 114/41; Candida parapsilosis, 74/24; Candida tropicalis, 6/3) were compared against the same number of each species singleton genotypes in terms of survival of G. mellonella larvae.
Results
The median of survival and the IQR ranges of clusters and singleton were as follows: C. albicans (2 days, IQR 1.5–2 vs. 2 days, IQR 1–2.25), C. parapsilosis (2 days, IQR 1.5–2.6 vs. 2 days, IQR 2–3.3), and C. tropicalis (1 day, IQR 1–3.5 vs. 2 days, IQR 2–3.5; p < 0.05). High intra-cluster variability in terms of median of survival was found regardless the species.
Conclusions
No relationship between genotype and virulence in Candida was observed with the G. mellonella model.
{"title":"Lack of relationship between genotype and virulence in Candida species","authors":"Judith Díaz-García , Maiken C. Arendrup , Rafael Cantón , Julio García-Rodríguez , Elia Gómez García de la Pedrosa , Gabriella Parisi , Javier Pemán , Brunella Posteraro , Maurizio Sanguinetti , Daniel Archimedes Da Matta , Arnaldo L. Colombo , Patricia Muñoz , Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo , Jesús Guinea , Pilar Escribano","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The virulence of isolates among different <em>Candida</em><span> species causing candidemia may play a role in the prognosis of the patients. Furthermore, the potential relationship between genotype and virulence is still unclear and need to be further studied.</span></p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>We aim to assess the relationship between genotype and virulence in <em>Candida</em> species using a <span><em>Galleria mellonella</em></span> larvae infection model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>One hundred and ninety-four isolates from 68 clusters (<span><em>Candida albicans</em></span>, 114/41; <span><em>Candida parapsilosis</em></span>, 74/24; <span><em>Candida tropicalis</em></span>, 6/3) were compared against the same number of each species singleton genotypes in terms of survival of <em>G. mellonella</em> larvae.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The median of survival and the IQR ranges of clusters and singleton were as follows: <em>C. albicans</em> (2 days, IQR 1.5–2 <em>vs.</em> 2 days, IQR 1–2.25), <em>C. parapsilosis</em> (2 days, IQR 1.5–2.6 <em>vs.</em> 2 days, IQR 2–3.3), and <em>C. tropicalis</em> (1 day, IQR 1–3.5 <em>vs.</em> 2 days, IQR 2–3.5; <em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). High intra-cluster variability in terms of median of survival was found regardless the species.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>No relationship between genotype and virulence in <em>Candida</em> was observed with the <em>G. mellonella</em> model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38747337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.001
Francisco Javier Cabañes
{"title":"Diagnosis of Malassezia dermatitis and otitis in dogs and cats, is it just a matter of counting?","authors":"Francisco Javier Cabañes","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37972590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.003
{"title":"IX Fórum Micológico - Asociación Española de Micología (AEM)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 34-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129375921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patients with severe viral pneumonia are likely to receive high-dose immunomodulatory drugs to prevent clinical worsening. Aspergillus species have been described as frequent secondary pneumonia agents in severely ill influenza patients receiving steroids. COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are receiving steroids as part of their treatment and they share clinical characteristics with other patients with severe viral pneumonias. COVID-19 patients receiving steroids should be considered a putative risk group of invasive aspergillosis.
Case report
We are reporting a SARS-CoV-2/Aspergillus section Fumigati coinfection in an elderly intubated patient with a history of pulmonary embolism treated with corticosteroids. The diagnosis was made following the ad hoc definitions described for patients admitted to ICU with severe influenza, including clinical criteria (fever for 3 days refractory to the appropriate antibiotic therapy, dyspnea, pleural friction rub, worsening of respiratory status despite antibiotic therapy and need of ventilator support), a radiological criterion (pulmonary infiltrate) and a mycological criterion (several positive galactomannan tests on serum with ratio ≥0.5). In addition, Aspergillus section Fumigati DNA was found in serum and blood samples. These tests were positive 4 weeks after the patient was admitted to the ICU. The patient received voriconazole and after two month in ICU his respiratory status improved; he was discharged after 6 weeks of antifungal treatment.
Conclusions
Severely ill COVID-19 patients would be considered a new aspergillosis risk group. Galactomannan and Aspergillus DNA detection would be useful methods for Aspergillus infection diagnosis as they allow avoiding the biosafety issues related to these patients.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 and Aspergillus section Fumigati coinfection in an immunocompetent patient treated with corticosteroids","authors":"Natalia Sasoni , Milton Rodriguez Müller , Graciela Posse , Jorge González , Florencia Leonardelli , Guillermo Garcia-Effron","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patients with severe viral pneumonia are likely to receive high-dose immunomodulatory drugs to prevent clinical worsening. <em>Aspergillus</em> species have been described as frequent secondary pneumonia agents in severely ill influenza patients receiving steroids. COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are receiving steroids as part of their treatment and they share clinical characteristics with other patients with severe viral pneumonias. COVID-19 patients receiving steroids should be considered a putative risk group of invasive aspergillosis.</p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p>We are reporting a SARS-CoV-2/<em>Aspergillus</em> section <em>Fumigati</em> coinfection in an elderly intubated patient with a history of pulmonary embolism treated with corticosteroids. The diagnosis was made following the <em>ad hoc</em> definitions described for patients admitted to ICU with severe influenza, including clinical criteria (fever for 3 days refractory to the appropriate antibiotic therapy, dyspnea, pleural friction rub, worsening of respiratory status despite antibiotic therapy and need of ventilator support), a radiological criterion (pulmonary infiltrate) and a mycological criterion (several positive galactomannan tests on serum with ratio ≥0.5). In addition, <em>Aspergillus</em> section <em>Fumigati</em> DNA was found in serum and blood samples. These tests were positive 4 weeks after the patient was admitted to the ICU. The patient received voriconazole and after two month in ICU his respiratory status improved; he was discharged after 6 weeks of antifungal treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Severely ill COVID-19 patients would be considered a new aspergillosis risk group. Galactomannan and <em>Aspergillus</em> DNA detection would be useful methods for <em>Aspergillus</em> infection diagnosis as they allow avoiding the biosafety issues related to these patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 16-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38863587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.002
{"title":"IX Fórum Micológico-Asociación Española de Micología (AEM)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92031525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.001
{"title":"Micología y salud: una mirada desde el futuro","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"38 1","pages":"Page 27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2021.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92076582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2020.02.001
F. Javier Cabañes
{"title":"Aspergillosis in cats and dogs: Not everything green is Aspergillus fumigatus","authors":"F. Javier Cabañes","doi":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.riam.2020.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21291,"journal":{"name":"Revista Iberoamericana De Micologia","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 79-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.riam.2020.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37909115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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