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Dynamics of growth and accumulation of heavy metals of Pisum Sativum L. grown on polluted soil (vegetative experience) 污染土壤上油菜生长与重金属积累动态(营养经验)
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp20-27
J. V. Puhalsky, S. Loskutov, N. Vorobyov, Maria Alekseevna Chukaeva, Dmitry Olegovich Nagornov, A. Kozhemyakov
The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of heavy metal salts (15 mg/kg CdCl2 and/or 50 mg/kg CoCl2) contamination of soddy-podzolic soil on the adaptive potential and phytoremediation activity of two pea genotypes contrasting in resistance: the cadmium-resistant mutant SGECDt and its wild line SGE. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions while maintaining a stable internal microclimate and an optimal degree of insolation in the room. The duration of the experiment was 85 days. A study of the dynamics of morphometric parameters, using the example of shoot and root biomass, showed that the SGECDt mutant demonstrated better resistance to toxicants: on average, the decrease in shoot biomass compared to control was 28.2%, and 5.5% for roots. Whereas on wild lines, the rates were 31.8% on shoots and 21.8% on roots, respectively. As expected, the tolerance of the mutant was best manifested in the variant with the introduction of cadmium ions. Thanks to mass spectrometric analysis, it was found that the content of cadmium in dry biomass of shoots increased with an increase in biomass in both genotypes. Moreover, in the mutant, it significantly exceeded the concentration of pollutant accumulation in the wild type, and practically did not change, starting from 30 days with separate or combined introduction of metals, and until the end of the growing season - 20-25 µg of dry biomass per gram of shoot. The content of cobalt, on the contrary, decreased in ontogenesis phases, with a slight superiority in metal fixation by the mutant, starting from 45 days after inoculation. With the simultaneous entry of both metals into the soil solution, synergism of action was not observed. The content of cobalt decreased even more in plants, while cadmium, on the contrary, increased. It can be concluded that the ion-exchange reactions between these pollutants differed in interactions in the "soil-plant" system by the type of antagonism. Among the optimal period for harvesting contaminated products for its further processing (phytomining), one can single out the budding phase - the beginning of flowering (45 days). During this period, the mutant plants simultaneously perform well detoxification (phytosanation) and active accumulation of atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.
本文研究了钠灰化土重金属盐(15 mg/kg CdCl2和/或50 mg/kg CoCl2)污染对两种抗镉突变体SGECDt及其野生系SGE抗性比较的豌豆基因型的适应潜力和植物修复活性的影响。实验在实验室条件下进行,同时保持稳定的室内小气候和最佳的室内日照程度。试验期85 d。以茎部和根系生物量为例,对形态计量参数的动态研究表明,SGECDt突变体对有毒物质的抗性较好:与对照相比,茎部生物量平均下降28.2%,根系生物量平均下降5.5%。而在野生系中,茎部和根部的侵染率分别为31.8%和21.8%。正如预期的那样,突变体的耐受性在引入镉离子后表现得最好。质谱分析发现,两种基因型幼苗干生物量中镉含量均随生物量的增加而增加。在突变体中,其污染物积累浓度显著超过野生型,并且从单独或联合引入金属的30天开始,直到生长季节结束,每克茎部的干生物量为20-25µg,几乎没有变化。相反,钴含量在个体发生阶段下降,突变体从接种后45天开始对金属的固定略有优势。当两种金属同时进入土壤溶液时,没有观察到协同作用。植物中钴的含量下降得更多,而镉的含量反而增加了。可以得出结论,这些污染物之间的离子交换反应在“土壤-植物”系统中相互作用的拮抗类型不同。在收获受污染产品进行进一步加工(植物挖掘)的最佳时期中,可以挑选出萌芽阶段-开花开始(45天)。在此期间,突变体植株同时表现出良好的解毒(植物保护)和土壤中大气氮的积极积累。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the cutting blade shape on the technical hemp stalks slicing quality 切割刀片形状对工艺大麻杆切片质量的影响
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp137-141
R. Popov, I. L. Abramov, Sergey Andreevich Tretyakov
The article presents the results of in-depth scientific research, including cutting of technical hemp stems with a blade of various shapes and interference of the cut surface by non-contact optical profilometry. Three-dimensional images and characteristic profilograms of the cut surfaces of stems depending on the shape of the cutting edge are obtained. The parameters of the microgeometry of the cut surface and the optimal profile of the cutting edge are determined.
本文介绍了采用非接触式光学轮廓法对工业大麻茎进行不同形状叶片切割和切割表面干涉的深入科学研究成果。根据切削刃的形状,得到了茎的切削面三维图像和特征轮廓。确定了切削表面的微观几何参数和切削刃的最佳轮廓。
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引用次数: 0
Cultivation of peanuts in an arid zone in the Astrakhan region 阿斯特拉罕地区干旱地区的花生种植
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp4-8
L. V. Bogosoryanskaya
The article is devoted to the study of peanut varieties adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Northern Caspian Sea. According to the results of the work carried out, good indicators were obtained for some samples of this crop. The Otradokubansky variety, taken as a standard, showed a yield of 3.7 t/ha. Some samples from VNIIMK approached the yield standard. The VNIIMK variety sample No. 173 according to the VIR catalog showed a yield of 3.5 t/ha, the VNIIMK variety sample No. 1143 – 3.3 t/ha. In terms of protein and fat content, samples 2064 (China), 2047 (Russia), 720 (Israel) were distinguished. The highest protein content was distinguished by sample 747 (Romania) – 20.44%. The sowing of peanuts was carried out annually in mid-May, when the earth warmed up to 25 °C on average over the years of study. Depending on the sample and its origin, as well as weather conditions, the ripening period of peanuts from planting to harvesting was 120-160 days. Sunny, hot weather is suitable for peanuts. Studies have shown that the natural and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region are favorable for the cultivation of this crop.
这篇文章致力于研究适应里海北部自然和气候条件的花生品种。根据所进行的工作结果,该作物的一些样品获得了良好的指标。以Otradokubansky品种为标准,产量为3.7吨/公顷。VNIIMK的一些样品接近收率标准。根据VIR目录,VNIIMK品种样品173号的产量为3.5 t/公顷,VNIIMK品种样品1143 - 3.3 t/公顷。在蛋白质和脂肪含量方面,样品2064(中国),2047(俄罗斯),720(以色列)被区分。蛋白质含量最高的是样品747(罗马尼亚),为20.44%。花生的播种在每年的5月中旬进行,在多年的研究中,那时地球的平均温度高达25°C。根据样品和产地以及天气条件的不同,花生从种植到收获的成熟期为120-160天。阳光充足、炎热的天气适合花生。研究表明,阿斯特拉罕地区的自然和气候条件有利于这种作物的种植。
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引用次数: 0
Application of growth-stimulating agents in table beet cultivation on irrigated land in the Northern Caspian 促生长剂在里海北部灌溉地甜菜种植中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i4pp9-14
A. Bondarenko, O. V. Kostyrenko, A. V. Tyutyuma
For the first time, on the irrigated lands of the Astrakhan region, a study was conducted on the influence of foliar application of modern growth-stimulating drugs on table beets. In a scientific study conducted during 2019... 2021, a two-factor field experiment on table beet was laid down according to generally accepted methods. Biochemical indicators were determined: sugars; dry matter; nitrates. The results obtained during the study made it possible to distinguish a variant using foliar application of complex preparations Aminovit, which had a significant impact on all varieties and hybrid presented in the experiment. The lowest content of nitrates of 1015 mg/kg in root crops turned out to be in the Khutoryanka variety in the version with foliar application of Aminovit. It should also be noted that a high nitrate value of 1390 mg/kg was in the control variant of Mulatka and Bon F1 hybrid. As a result, foliar application did not lead to an excess of the MAC (1400) nitrates in the root crops of the table beet.
首次在阿斯特拉罕地区的灌溉地进行了一项关于叶面施用现代促生长药物对甜菜的影响的研究。在2019年进行的一项科学研究中……2021年,根据普遍接受的方法,制定了食用甜菜的双因素田间试验。测定生化指标:糖;干物质;硝酸盐。研究结果使得叶面施用复合制剂Aminovit能够区分不同的变异,对实验中所有的品种和杂交种都有显著的影响。叶面施氨诺维的版本中,根作物中硝酸盐含量最低的品种为胡托里扬卡,为1015 mg/kg。还应注意的是,Mulatka和Bon F1杂交品种的硝酸盐值较高,为1390 mg/kg。结果表明,叶面施用不会导致甜菜根作物中MAC(1400)硝酸盐过量。
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引用次数: 0
The study of adhesive interactions in the ice-asphalt concrete system is the key to the safety of road transport communications 冰-沥青混凝土体系中胶粘剂相互作用的研究是道路交通通信安全的关键
Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i3pp116-120
P. Grekhov, V. Shkrabak, R. Shkrabak
The development of the transport system in any country significantly affects economic development. The active development of the transport system requires high-quality roads, as this affects the safety of their operation and especially during low temperatures. During this period, roads are covered with ice or snow, which requires their speedy removal. The quality of the road surface depends on the adhesion of ice with road clothes. The article deals with the issue of adhesive interactions in the ice-asphalt concrete system. The developed methodology can determine the adhesion of ice to the surface of the road surface. This circumstance will allow using various additives and varying the composition and components of asphalt concrete to reduce adhesive interactions. Reduced adhesive interactions will allow to remove ice and snow more quickly, and this will reduce the number of road accidents, which will save people's lives and health. Bituminous salt mass, which is a waste from the destruction of chemical weapons of the organophosphorus group, is considered as modifiers. Its chemical composition is considered, which makes it possible to ensure its effect of surfactants. The experiments were performed and processed using the theory of experiment planning. The response surfaces of a particular sample of the general population and the regularities described by regression equations, the adequacy of which is verified by the Fisher and Cochrane criteria, are obtained.
交通运输系统的发展对任何国家的经济发展都有重要影响。交通运输系统的积极发展需要高质量的道路,因为这影响到其运行的安全性,特别是在低温下。在此期间,道路上覆盖着冰或雪,需要迅速清除。路面的质量取决于冰与路衣的附着力。本文讨论了冰-沥青混凝土体系中的粘结相互作用问题。所开发的方法可以确定冰对路面表面的粘附性。这种情况将允许使用各种添加剂和改变沥青混凝土的组成和成分来减少粘合剂的相互作用。减少粘合剂的相互作用将使冰雪更快地清除,这将减少道路交通事故的数量,从而挽救人们的生命和健康。将销毁有机磷类化学武器后产生的废沥青盐块作为改性剂。考虑了其化学成分,从而保证了其表面活性剂的作用。采用实验计划理论对实验进行处理。得到了总体中某一特定样本的响应曲面和回归方程所描述的规律,回归方程的充分性得到了Fisher和Cochrane准则的验证。
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引用次数: 0
Immunological aspects of the use of the polyenzymatic preparation “Flogenzym” in the treatment of neonatal diarrhea in calves 多酶制剂“Flogenzym”在犊牛新生儿腹泻治疗中的免疫学应用
Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i3pp86-90
N.N. Skrigolovsky, I. Kalyuzhny
The polyenzymatic preparation «Flogenzym» has immunostimulatory properties when used in the standard treatment regimen for neonatal diarrhea in calves. In case of immunological deficiency in young calves caused by diarrhea syndrome, the use of «Flogenzym» is accompanied by the strengthening of the main elements of the humoral and cellular immune response.
多酶制剂«Flogenzym»在犊牛新生儿腹泻的标准治疗方案中使用时具有免疫刺激特性。在腹泻综合症引起的小牛免疫缺陷的情况下,使用«Flogenzym»是伴随着加强体液和细胞免疫反应的主要成分。
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引用次数: 0
Physical and mechanical properties of sheep manure 羊粪的物理和机械特性
Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i3pp150-153
K. V. Fedorova, A. S. Startsev, V. D. Khmyrov, Bibigul Dzhesenbaevna Sarbalina
The article substantiates the expediency of using granulated sheep manure, identifies the reasons preventing the production of pellets that meet the requirements for their effective use. The most significant properties of sheep manure are highlighted. The methods for determining the moisture content of manure from the height of the shoulder, its density from the time of precipitation are given, the results of laboratory and field experiments are presented in the form of graphical dependencies. The description and principle of operation of the thermographic moisture meter Sartorius MA-150 is given.
本文论证了使用粒状羊粪的方便性,找出了生产符合其有效利用要求的颗粒的原因。强调了羊粪最重要的特性。给出了用肩高测定粪便含水量,用降水时间测定粪便密度的方法,并以图表形式给出了室内和田间试验的结果。介绍了赛多利斯MA-150热像仪的工作原理和工作原理。
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引用次数: 0
The use of vitamin and mineral complexes in young horses feeding 在喂养小马时使用维生素和矿物质复合物
Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i3pp96-102
S. Yakovleva, S. Shepelev, E. A. Lemesh
The article presents the results of research on the use of vitamin and mineral complexes «Ippomin Junior» and «Ippovit» in feeding young Russian trotting breed of horses in the conditions of  LLC «Stud farm «Lokotskaya». The main feeding ration of young animals of the first experimental group additionally included 50 g/head of the feed additive «Ippomin Junior» and the second experimental group 175 g / head of the feed additive «Ippovit». The use of vitamin and mineral complex «Ippomin Junior» and «Ippovit» allowed to balance the level of macro- and microelements, as well as vitamin D in the feeding diets of young horses to the recommended feeding standards. In addition, a biochemical blood test also showed normalization of the main indicators that do not exceed the permissible limits, which indicates an improvement in metabolism when using vitamin and mineral complexes. The best growth and development indicators were established in the experimental groups. In the first experimental group, the height at the withers increased by 3.4%, in the second experimental group – by 3.5%, in the control group – by 1.3%; oblique trunk length by 6.3%, 4.1% and 1.8%, respectively; chest circumference – by 4.0%, 3.9% and 2.4%, respectively; pastern girth in young animals in the experimental groups by 2.4%, in the control group – by 1.4%. The live weight of young horses during the study period in the control group increased by 10.5%, in the first experimental group by 11.1%, in the second experimental group by 19.8%.
文章介绍了在LLC“Lokotskaya”种马场的条件下,使用维生素和矿物质复合物“Ippomin Junior”和“ipovit”喂养俄罗斯小跑品种小马的研究结果。第一试验组幼龄动物的主要饲粮添加饲料添加剂“Ippomin Junior”50 g/头,第二试验组添加饲料添加剂“Ippomin”175 g/头。使用维生素和矿物质复合物“Ippomin Junior”和“ipovit”可以平衡小马饲料中的宏量和微量元素以及维生素D的水平,以达到推荐的喂养标准。另外,在血液生化检查中,主要指标也恢复正常,没有超过允许的限度,这表明服用维生素和矿物质复合物后,新陈代谢有所改善。确定了各试验组的最佳生长发育指标。在第一个实验组中,马肩峰处的高度增加了3.4%,在第二个实验组中增加了3.5%,在对照组中增加了1.3%;斜树干长度分别增加6.3%、4.1%和1.8%;胸围-分别增加4.0%、3.9%及2.4%;实验组幼龄动物的肢周长增加了2.4%,对照组减少了1.4%。研究期间,对照组幼马活重提高10.5%,第1试验组提高11.1%,第2试验组提高19.8%。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency of application of natural adaptogens in broiler farming 天然适应原在肉鸡养殖中的应用效率
Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i3pp73-77
R. Gajiyev, K. Salmanova, G. B. Mamedov
The importance of testing the use of natural adaptogenic preparations  in local poultry farming in the breeding of broiler chickens is aimed at maximizing the productive potential of work and increasing the survival rate of chickens. From the first day to the age of seven weeks, the effects of the use of succinic and citric acid on the growth of live weight, survival and waste were experimentally tested in four groups. The results confirmed the positive effect of these drugs on important economic indicators.
在地方家禽养殖中测试天然适应性制剂在肉鸡养殖中的使用的重要性,旨在最大限度地发挥工作的生产潜力,提高鸡的存活率。从试验第1天至7周龄,分4组试验考察琥珀酸和柠檬酸对仔鱼活重、成活率和废物生长的影响。结果证实了这些药物对重要经济指标的积极作用。
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引用次数: 0
The results of studies of agrotechnical indicators of the uniformity of rain distribution by a jet fan rain-forming nozzle when watering mushrooms 喷流风机造雨喷嘴浇菇时雨水分布均匀性的农业技术指标研究结果
Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i3pp111-115
Irek Railevich Azizov, A. V. Rusinov, S. A. Anisimov, O. Karpova
The materials of the article consider the studies carried out to determine the agrotechnical indicators of the uniformity of rain distribution when using the proposed design of a jet fan rain-forming nozzle installed on an automated plant for watering champignons. The flow-pressure characteristics of rain created by jet fan-shaped rain-forming nozzles with various nozzle cross-section shapes are presented.
本文的材料考虑了在使用安装在自动浇冠植物上的射流风扇降雨喷嘴的拟议设计时,为确定降雨分布均匀性的农业技术指标而进行的研究。研究了不同喷嘴截面形状的射流扇形造雨喷嘴造雨时的流压特性。
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引用次数: 0
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The Agrarian Scientific Journal
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