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Taking Gerschenkron to the Field: Attitudes towards Digitalization Hopes and Fears about the Future of Work in Ghana 将 Gerschenkron 带到现场:对数字化的态度 对加纳未来工作的希望和担忧
IF 5.6 2区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102680
Evans Tindana Awuni , Achim Kemmerling

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) bring many hopes for development. But there are also fears arising, particularly when they affect the future of work. While there are many studies on public opinion about how ICT will shape work in OECD countries, we find much less research in developing countries in which labor markets work very differently. We present evidence from a field survey with an experimental component in Ghana. We show that, while hopes are much more pronounced than in advanced economies, opinions also change once people are exposed to new types of information. Using a ‘text as data’ approach, we also investigate reasons that explain the differences in attitudes and what people associate with digitalization. We conclude that, in Ghana, especially semi-formal, self-employed people hope that new technologies will allow them to leapfrog old ones that have historically been marred by market and government failures. Compared to developed countries, it is rather some of the higher educated to whom the negative consequences also have relevance. Our findings have broader implications for the acceptance and use of ICT and the future of work in developing countries.

信息和传播技术(ICTs)为发展带来了许多希望。但同时也带来了恐惧,尤其是当它们影响到工作的未来时。在经济合作与发展组织(OECD)国家,有许多关于公众对信息与传播技术将如何影响工作的看法的研究,但在劳动力市场运作方式迥异的发展中国家,我们发现这方面的研究要少得多。我们介绍了在加纳进行的一项带有实验成分的实地调查的证据。我们表明,虽然人们的希望比发达经济体更为强烈,但一旦人们接触到新型信息,他们的观点也会发生变化。利用 "文本即数据 "的方法,我们还调查了造成人们态度差异的原因,以及人们对数字化的联想。我们得出的结论是,在加纳,尤其是半正规、个体经营者希望新技术能让他们跨越历史上因市场和政府失灵而蒙受损失的旧技术。与发达国家相比,对他们造成负面影响的反而是一些受过高等教育的人。我们的研究结果对发展中国家接受和使用信息与传播技术以及未来工作具有更广泛的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The future service scenarios of 6G telecommunications technology 6G 电信技术的未来服务场景
IF 5.6 2区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102678
Hyunjin Shin , Sanghyun Park , Leehee Kim , Jinseob Kim , Taeeun Kim , Youngkeun Song , Sungjoo Lee

In the field of mobile communication, 6G technology has enhanced features, such as ultrahigh data rates and sharing, bandwidth connectivity, and low data latency, compared to 5G technology. As new services become possible due to these characteristics, attempts to present promising future services based on 6G technology are occurring in academia and industry. However, because 6G technology has a very wide range of applications as a fundamental technology, 6G service scenario research is also being conducted for each sector. To predict 6G technology use in the future, it is necessary to understand comprehensively the scenarios being studied sporadically by sector. Therefore, we aim to derive major service scenarios by analyzing in-depth public data for 6G service scenarios. We collected research papers, corporate reports, and news articles on 6G service scenarios and performed topic modeling to derive four major domains and 16 application areas. Afterward, the derived service's feasibility and promising scenario were evaluated by utilizing the future-context canvas and business model canvas that analyze the service's value from the user's and supplier's perspectives, respectively. The research results are expected to support technology development and business planning in the field by enhancing understanding of 6G service scenarios.

在移动通信领域,与 5G 技术相比,6G 技术具有更强的功能,如超高数据速率和共享、带宽连接和低数据延迟。由于这些特点,新服务成为可能,因此学术界和产业界都在尝试基于 6G 技术推出前景广阔的未来服务。不过,由于 6G 技术作为基础技术的应用范围非常广泛,因此各行各业也在开展 6G 服务场景研究。为了预测未来 6G 技术的使用情况,有必要全面了解各部门零星研究的场景。因此,我们旨在通过深入分析 6G 服务场景的公开数据,得出主要的服务场景。我们收集了有关 6G 服务场景的研究论文、企业报告和新闻报道,并进行了主题建模,得出了四大领域和 16 个应用领域。之后,我们利用未来情境画布和商业模式画布分别从用户和供应商的角度分析了服务的价值,从而评估了衍生服务的可行性和前景。通过加深对 6G 服务场景的理解,研究成果有望为该领域的技术开发和业务规划提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Developing information and communication technology with the belt and road initiative and the digital silk road 以“一带一路”倡议和数字丝绸之路发展信息通信技术
IF 5.6 2区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102672
Chun-Yu Ho , Thomas P. Narins , Won Sung

This paper examines the impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on the information and communication technology (ICT) development of participating economies. ICT development is measured with internet penetration, mobile penetration, broadband subscription, and telephone subscription. The causal effect of the BRI on ICT development is estimated using a propensity score reweighting difference-in-differences (DiD) model. We find that the participating economies experience a significant rise in ICT development. A country's participation in the Digital Silk Road (DSR) in addition to the BRI further increases its ICT development and increases its participation in global ICT value chains relative to their BRI-only counterparts. Overall, the benefit of participating in the BRI on ICT development is enhanced by participating in the DSR. However, there are unequal trade creation effects between China and the rest of the world. The participating economies increase their imports of computer and information services more from and increase their imports of communication services less from China than from the rest of the world after the participation. These results are robust to a parallel trend test, alternative ICT measures and alternative estimation methods. Finally, we highlight the implications of our results for policy makers in developing countries who want to improve their ICT development and to engage in global ICT value chains, and for academics in developing future research to evaluate these initiatives at the macro- and micro-levels.

本文探讨了“一带一路”倡议对参与经济体信息通信技术(ICT)发展的影响。信息通信技术的发展是通过互联网普及率、移动普及率、宽带用户和电话用户来衡量的。利用倾向得分重加权差中差(DiD)模型估计了“一带一路”对ICT发展的因果效应。我们发现,参与经济体在信息通信技术发展方面取得了显著进步。与“一带一路”倡议相比,参与“数字丝绸之路”和“一带一路”倡议将进一步促进各国信息通信技术的发展,提高各国在全球信息通信技术价值链中的参与度。总体而言,参与“一带一路”倡议对信息通信技术发展的好处通过参与“战略对话”得到增强。然而,中国与世界其他地区之间存在不平等的贸易创造效应。加入后,各参与经济体从中国进口的计算机和信息服务比从世界其他地区进口的多,从中国进口的通信服务比从世界其他地区进口的少。这些结果是稳健的平行趋势检验,替代ICT措施和替代估计方法。最后,我们强调了我们的结果对发展中国家的决策者的影响,他们希望改善他们的ICT发展并参与全球ICT价值链,以及对发展未来研究的学者在宏观和微观层面上评估这些举措的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Is digitalization a booster for economic growth in Africa? Short run and long run evidence from Tanzania 数字化是非洲经济增长的助推器吗?来自坦桑尼亚的短期和长期证据
IF 5.6 2区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102679
Josephat Mwananziche , Godwin Myovella , Mehmet Karacuka , Justus Haucap , Goodiel Moshi

The least developed countries (LDCs) must experience faster economic growth rates if they are to catch up to the industrialized nations. A key factor in advancing economic growth and development in the digital age are information and communication technologies (ICT). We use time series data from 1994 to 2021 and use an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique to estimate the effects of ICT on GDP growth for Tanzania, the world's most populous country located entirely south of the equator. We establish a causal relationship between ICT infrastructure/access and GDP growth in Tanzania, accounting for both short-run and long-run dynamics. In particular, mobile telephone subscription growth exhibits a significant impact on economic growth in both the short and the long run in Tanzania. This suggests that, at early stages of digitalization, adoption of mobile telecommunications gives a boost to economic growth, as early adapters tend to be very effective users. However, diminishing marginal returns appear to result, as other production factors may not fully absorb technological advancements.

最不发达国家如果要赶上工业化国家,就必须经历更快的经济增长率。信息通信技术是推动数字时代经济增长和发展的关键因素。我们使用1994年至2021年的时间序列数据,并使用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)技术来估计ICT对坦桑尼亚GDP增长的影响,坦桑尼亚是世界上人口最多的国家,位于赤道以南。我们在坦桑尼亚建立了ICT基础设施/接入与GDP增长之间的因果关系,说明了短期和长期动态。特别是,移动电话用户的增长对坦桑尼亚的短期和长期经济增长都产生了重大影响。这表明,在数字化的早期阶段,移动通信的采用促进了经济增长,因为早期的适配器往往是非常有效的用户。然而,由于其他生产要素可能无法充分吸收技术进步,结果似乎是边际收益递减。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of internet use on the perceptions of class boundaries and life trajectories: A report from a representative survey in China 互联网使用对阶级界限和生活轨迹感知的影响:来自中国代表性调查的报告
IF 5.6 2区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102663
Chun Liu , Hao Liu , Huiping Zhang , Qin Yuan

In recent years, the rigidification of the social structure in Chinese society has attracted public attention. Conventional wisdom holds that internet use could potentially improve upward class mobility. However, little empirical research has been conducted in the Chinese context. The current study aims to investigate the effects of different types of internet use on perceived future mobility. This study demonstrates that perceived upward future mobility is generally maintained in China. Internet experience leads to a negative impact of the internet on perceived future mobility. Furthermore, entertainment use positively affects perceived future mobility, while information-seeking use negatively affects perceived future mobility. This study shows that the effects of different types of internet use on perceived future mobility are heterogeneous across age groups.

近年来,中国社会结构的僵化引起了公众的关注。传统观点认为,互联网的使用可能会提高上层阶级的流动性。然而,在中国背景下的实证研究却很少。目前的研究旨在调查不同类型的互联网使用对感知未来移动性的影响。本研究表明,在中国,人们对未来向上流动的感知总体上保持不变。互联网体验导致互联网对感知未来移动性的负面影响。此外,娱乐使用正向影响感知到的未来移动性,而信息寻求使用负向影响感知到的未来移动性。本研究表明,不同类型的互联网使用对感知未来流动性的影响在不同年龄组中是不同的。
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引用次数: 0
Regulatory challenges and implications of the European electronic communications code (EECC) for local mobile communication network business 欧洲电子通信代码(EECC)对本地移动通信网络业务的监管挑战和影响
IF 5.6 2区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102651
Oxana Gisca , Marja Matinmikko-Blue , Petri Ahokangas , Seppo Yrjolä , Jillian Gordon

Regulatory provisions pose legal constraints on deploying mobile communication networks and related services. Local 5G and upcoming 6G networks, particularly those that are independent of the big mobile network operators (MNOs), face new challenges due to the incoherent harmonization and implementation of the regulatory provisions and the standby approach undertaken by many EU member countries. This paper analyses the European Electronic Communications Code (EECC) Directive from the perspective of local mobile communication networks by combining business model innovation and legitimacy approaches in an ecosystemic context. Based on the analysis, we recommend regulators focus on terminology, spectrum management, access and interconnection, security and privacy, and competition when enabling local mobile communications business.

监管规定对部署移动通信网络和相关服务构成法律限制。本地5G和即将推出的6G网络,特别是那些独立于大型移动网络运营商(mno)的网络,由于监管规定的协调和实施不一致,以及许多欧盟成员国采取的备用方法,面临新的挑战。本文从本地移动通信网络的角度,结合生态系统背景下的商业模式创新和合法性方法,对欧洲电子通信代码(EECC)指令进行了分析。基于分析,我们建议监管机构在启用本地移动通信业务时,将重点放在术语、频谱管理、接入和互连、安全和隐私以及竞争上。
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引用次数: 0
The COVID-19 pandemic and deepening digital inequalities in China 2019冠状病毒病大流行与中国数字不平等加剧
IF 5.6 2区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102644
Qinglong Shao, Genia Kostka

As Internet usage reshapes our societies, digital inequalities have increased over the past few decades. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries accelerated their digital transformation processes, and it is widely believed the COVID-19 pandemic has deepened existing inequalities in the digital realm. Yet, few studies have empirically examined whether digital inequalities in the labor market increased during the pandemic. This analysis studies how the COVID-19 pandemic affected Chinese workers' Internet usage and how this influence varied across socioeconomic groups. By using the ordered probit model and leveraging the most recent data from the China Family Panel Studies and the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, we find that the pandemic significantly increased the overall level of Internet usage in the country, and the mediating effects of the perceived importance of the Internet and access to the Internet are confirmed. As Internet usage increased, digital inequalities in China's labor market deepened, especially among young and wealthy workers with high social status in urban areas, while older and poorer workers in rural areas benefited less from this new ‘digital wave.’ Moreover, during the pandemic, Internet usage increased among employees working in state-owned enterprises (SOEs), which suggests a growing digital inequality gap between SOEs and other sectors. Following a series of robustness tests, our research findings remain valid. We propose a policy redesign that embodies a comprehensive long-term vision and guarantees raising the levels of Internet usage for socially and economically disadvantaged groups in China.

随着互联网的使用重塑我们的社会,数字不平等在过去几十年里有所加剧。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,许多国家加快了数字化转型进程,人们普遍认为,2019冠状病毒病大流行加深了数字领域现有的不平等现象。然而,很少有研究从经验上考察大流行期间劳动力市场的数字不平等是否加剧。本分析研究了COVID-19大流行如何影响中国工人的互联网使用,以及这种影响在不同社会经济群体中的差异。通过使用有序概率模型并利用中国家庭小组研究和约翰霍普金斯冠状病毒资源中心的最新数据,我们发现大流行显著提高了中国互联网使用的总体水平,并且证实了感知互联网重要性和互联网接入的中介效应。随着互联网使用的增加,中国劳动力市场的数字不平等加剧,尤其是在城市地区社会地位较高的年轻富裕工人中,而农村地区年龄较大、较贫穷的工人从这一新的“数字浪潮”中受益较少。此外,在疫情期间,国有企业员工的互联网使用率有所增加,这表明国有企业与其他部门之间的数字不平等差距越来越大。经过一系列稳健性检验,我们的研究结果仍然有效。我们建议重新设计政策,以体现全面的长期愿景,并保证提高中国社会和经济弱势群体的互联网使用水平。
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引用次数: 0
Mobile money, child labour and school enrolment 移动货币、童工和入学率
IF 5.6 2区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102648
Joseph B. Ajefu , Falecia Massacky

This paper analyses the impact of household adoption of mobile money services on child labour and schooling in Tanzania. The paper uses data drawn from the Tanzania National Panel Surveys (TNPS), for the survey periods as follows: 2008/09, 2010/11, 2012/13, and 2014/15. The TNPS are national representative surveys conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of Tanzania in collaboration with the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LMSA-ISA). The surveys collect detailed information on individual, household, and community-level characteristics. The panel nature of the TNPS allows for the same households to be interviewed over time. The study uses a difference-in-differences approach, and instrumental variables strategy to investigate the nexus between mobile money adoption and child labour and school enrolment in Tanzania. The findings of this study reveal a positive and significant effect of mobile money adoption on school enrolment, but a negative effect on children's labour market activities. Moreover, the study identifies heterogenous impacts across child's gender and age; and remittances receipt and education expenditure are the potential pathways through which mobile money adoption affects child labour and school enrolment. Overall, the results suggest that policies that enhance financial inclusion such as the introduction of mobile money can be effective in improving child's school enrolment and a decline in the incidence of child labour.

本文分析了坦桑尼亚家庭采用移动货币服务对童工和学校教育的影响。本文使用的数据来自坦桑尼亚国家小组调查(TNPS),调查期间如下:2008/09、2010/11、2012/13和2014/15。TNPS是坦桑尼亚国家统计局与世界银行生活水平衡量研究-农业综合调查(LMSA-ISA)合作进行的具有全国代表性的调查。这些调查收集了个人、家庭和社区层面特征的详细信息。TNPS的小组性质允许在一段时间内对同一户家庭进行访谈。该研究采用了差异中的差异方法和工具变量策略来调查坦桑尼亚移动货币的采用与童工和入学率之间的关系。本研究的结果表明,采用移动货币对入学率有积极而显著的影响,但对儿童的劳动力市场活动有负面影响。此外,该研究还确定了儿童性别和年龄的异质性影响;汇款和教育支出是采用移动货币影响童工和入学率的潜在途径。总体而言,研究结果表明,加强金融包容性的政策,如引入移动货币,可以有效提高儿童入学率,降低童工发生率。
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引用次数: 0
What would it cost to connect the unconnected? Estimating global universal broadband infrastructure investment 连接未连接的人要花多少钱?估计全球通用宽带基础设施投资
IF 5.6 2区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102670
Edward J. Oughton , David Amaglobeli , Marian Moszoro

Roughly 3 billion citizens remain offline, equating to approximately 40 percent of the global population. Therefore, providing Internet connectivity is an essential part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Goal 9). In this paper a high-resolution global model is developed to evaluate the necessary investment requirements to achieve affordable universal broadband. The results indicate that approximately $418 billion needs to be mobilized to connect all unconnected citizens globally (targeting 40–50 GB/Month per user with 95 percent reliability). The bulk of additional investment is for emerging market economies (73 percent) and low-income developing countries (24 percent). To our knowledge, the paper contributes the first high-resolution global assessment which quantifies universal broadband investment at the sub-national level to achieve SDG Goal 9.

大约有30亿公民仍然无法上网,约占全球人口的40%。因此,提供互联网连接是可持续发展目标(sdg)(目标9)的重要组成部分。本文开发了一个高分辨率全球模型,以评估实现负担得起的普遍宽带所需的投资需求。结果表明,需要动员大约4180亿美元来连接全球所有未连接的公民(目标是每个用户每月40-50 GB,可靠性为95%)。新增投资的主体是新兴市场经济体(73%)和低收入发展中国家(24%)。据我们所知,该文件提供了首份高分辨率全球评估报告,量化了为实现可持续发展目标9而在次国家层面进行的普遍宽带投资。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of the digital economy on total factor productivity in European regions 数字经济对欧洲地区全要素生产率的影响
IF 5.6 2区 管理学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2023.102650
Naqeeb Ur Rehman , Giulia Nunziante

The digital economy, most backed by proliferation of information and technology (ICTs), provides impressive opportunities for firms, regions and countries productivity growth. This paper investigates the effect of the digital economy proxied by e-government, e-commerce, and household internet users at home on total factor productivity-measured using Törnqvist index across 182 EU27 NUTS2 regions over the period 2006 to 2020. For robustness of the results, we also use Malmquist index method. By deploying system GMM estimation, we find that digital economy has positive and significant impact on total factor productivity across the European regions. Therefore, public policies should support investment in digital infrastructure, and improve the digital literacy across laggard regions of Europe. Such policies would remove digital inequalities across European regions and increase total factor productivity towards EU social and economic cohesion.

以信息和技术(ict)扩散为主要支撑的数字经济为企业、地区和国家的生产率增长提供了令人印象深刻的机会。本文研究了2006年至2020年期间,以电子政务、电子商务和家庭互联网用户为代表的数字经济对全要素生产率的影响(采用Törnqvist指数衡量)。为了保证结果的稳健性,我们还采用了Malmquist指数法。通过系统GMM估计,我们发现数字经济对整个欧洲地区的全要素生产率有显著的正向影响。因此,公共政策应支持对数字基础设施的投资,并提高欧洲落后地区的数字素养。这些政策将消除欧洲各地区之间的数字不平等,提高全要素生产率,促进欧盟社会和经济凝聚力。
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引用次数: 1
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Telecommunications Policy
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