Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103031
Rodrigo Alcázar Silva , Sully C. Calderón Martínez , Julio A. Ramos Pastrana
We examine the economic effects of the 2013 Telecommunications Reform in Mexico that implemented asymmetric regulation on the largest mobile network operator in the country. This regulation imposed on the “preponderant” telecommunications operator, defined as the operator with more than 50 % of the connections of all the sector, a series of requirements aimed to increase market competition and facilitate entry in the sector. We investigate the effects of this regulation on market competition in the mobile phone market using quarterly data from the Mexican mobile network operators in the period 2010.3–2017.3. Results provide evidence that the asymmetric regulations fostered competition by fostering entry into the market, which resulted in a decrease of the market share of the preponderant agent, driven by a decrease in the market share of prepaid lines; and at the same time improved consumer welfare by prompting improvements in customer service provided by the preponderant agent, which resulted in a net gain in the number of lines ported to this agent, and an increase in the number of postpaid lines.
{"title":"The effect of asymmetric regulation on mobile phone market competition: The case of mexico's 2013 telecommunications reform","authors":"Rodrigo Alcázar Silva , Sully C. Calderón Martínez , Julio A. Ramos Pastrana","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the economic effects of the 2013 Telecommunications Reform in Mexico that implemented asymmetric regulation on the largest mobile network operator in the country. This regulation imposed on the “preponderant” telecommunications operator, defined as the operator with more than 50 % of the connections of all the sector, a series of requirements aimed to increase market competition and facilitate entry in the sector. We investigate the effects of this regulation on market competition in the mobile phone market using quarterly data from the Mexican mobile network operators in the period 2010.3–2017.3. Results provide evidence that the asymmetric regulations fostered competition by fostering entry into the market, which resulted in a decrease of the market share of the preponderant agent, driven by a decrease in the market share of prepaid lines; and at the same time improved consumer welfare by prompting improvements in customer service provided by the preponderant agent, which resulted in a net gain in the number of lines ported to this agent, and an increase in the number of postpaid lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 9","pages":"Article 103031"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103035
Mingzhi Hu , Yinxin Su
This study investigates how entrepreneurial engagement influences social sharing behavior on WeChat Moments, a popular social media platform in China. Drawing on theories of social status, social networks, and social support, we examine the mechanisms through which entrepreneurship shapes digital social engagement. Using longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and employing Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and an instrumental variable (IV) approach, we address potential endogeneity concerns related to self-selection and unobserved heterogeneity. While our analysis does not support the hypothesized social status mechanism—finding no significant differences in income or social class between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs—we identify two robust pathways. First, entrepreneurs demonstrate expanded social networks, and WeChat Moments posting positively correlates with guanxi development. Second, we confirm a social support mechanism wherein entrepreneurship is associated with higher perceived task difficulty, and increased WeChat Moments posting correlates with enhanced life satisfaction. Our findings reveal a consistent positive relationship between entrepreneurship and social media engagement, illuminating how digital platforms serve entrepreneurs' networking, resilience, and support needs in contemporary business environments.
{"title":"From entrepreneur to social sharer: Entrepreneurship and digital social sharing","authors":"Mingzhi Hu , Yinxin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how entrepreneurial engagement influences social sharing behavior on WeChat Moments, a popular social media platform in China. Drawing on theories of social status, social networks, and social support, we examine the mechanisms through which entrepreneurship shapes digital social engagement. Using longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and employing Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and an instrumental variable (IV) approach, we address potential endogeneity concerns related to self-selection and unobserved heterogeneity. While our analysis does not support the hypothesized social status mechanism—finding no significant differences in income or social class between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs—we identify two robust pathways. First, entrepreneurs demonstrate expanded social networks, and WeChat Moments posting positively correlates with <em>guanxi</em> development. Second, we confirm a social support mechanism wherein entrepreneurship is associated with higher perceived task difficulty, and increased WeChat Moments posting correlates with enhanced life satisfaction. Our findings reveal a consistent positive relationship between entrepreneurship and social media engagement, illuminating how digital platforms serve entrepreneurs' networking, resilience, and support needs in contemporary business environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 9","pages":"Article 103035"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103024
Mathieu Fasel, Sophie Weerts
This paper examines the evolving roles of states in content moderation and their complex relationships with social media platforms over time. As these platforms have become central to global communication, their interactions with governments have shaped content moderation in increasingly intricate ways. Despite the significance of these relationships, their chronological development and their implications remain insufficiently explored. This paper addresses this gap through an analysis of the annual reports of the United Nations’ Special Rapporteurs (SRs) on freedom of opinion and expression from 1995 to 2024. It traces the progressive entanglement between states and platforms, highlighting how governments have increasingly relied on platforms to enforce content moderation through both formal and informal mechanisms. The paper makes two key contributions: first, it provides a chronological account of how state involvement in content moderation has evolved; second, it categorizes types of state–platform relationships, distinguishing between formal and informal modes of influence as well as top-down, bottom-up, and collaborative interactions. Finally, it touches upon the geopolitical issues relating to state–platform relationships in a context where it is unclear whether platforms and governments share the same values of freedom and democracy anymore. By offering an empirical and chronological perspective, this study contributes to ongoing debates on platform governance and the issue of social media regulation.
{"title":"Between regulation, pressure and collaboration: the public–private entanglement in content moderation","authors":"Mathieu Fasel, Sophie Weerts","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the evolving roles of states in content moderation and their complex relationships with social media platforms over time. As these platforms have become central to global communication, their interactions with governments have shaped content moderation in increasingly intricate ways. Despite the significance of these relationships, their chronological development and their implications remain insufficiently explored. This paper addresses this gap through an analysis of the annual reports of the United Nations’ Special Rapporteurs (SRs) on freedom of opinion and expression from 1995 to 2024. It traces the progressive entanglement between states and platforms, highlighting how governments have increasingly relied on platforms to enforce content moderation through both formal and informal mechanisms. The paper makes two key contributions: first, it provides a chronological account of how state involvement in content moderation has evolved; second, it categorizes types of state–platform relationships, distinguishing between formal and informal modes of influence as well as top-down, bottom-up, and collaborative interactions. Finally, it touches upon the geopolitical issues relating to state–platform relationships in a context where it is unclear whether platforms and governments share the same values of freedom and democracy anymore. By offering an empirical and chronological perspective, this study contributes to ongoing debates on platform governance and the issue of social media regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 9","pages":"Article 103024"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103036
Parisa Phiaaia, Chaiteera Panpakdee
The rapid expansion of the Internet has transformed communication and knowledge dissemination globally. Internet adoption remains inconsistent among tribal farmers in remote regions, posing challenges to equitable digital access. This study examines the Internet usage preferences of tribal farmers in Northern Thailand, focusing on the demographic factors that influence their participation in the Internet. Employing a mixed methods approach, data were gathered from 196 participants through semi-structured surveys and analyzed using content analysis, descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation analysis. The findings reveal that social networking is the predominant use of the Internet (100 %), followed by recreational activities (84.69 %). However, a comparatively lower proportion of farmers use the Internet for information seeking (64.29 %) or economic activities (37.24 %). Age and education levels exhibit significant correlations with online engagement, with more educated and younger farmers demonstrating a higher propensity for online information. Key barriers to Internet adoption include inadequate rural broadband infrastructure, unavailability of localized content, and insufficient training. These findings underscore the need for specialized content and improved rural Internet connectivity, as well as other targeted governmental measures. Addressing these challenges improves farmers’ resilience and facilitates data-driven decision-making. Future research should explore digital inclusion strategies tailored to diverse ethnic communities to reinforce equitable access to the Internet.
{"title":"Factors influencing internet usage preferences of tribal farmers in Northern Thailand","authors":"Parisa Phiaaia, Chaiteera Panpakdee","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of the Internet has transformed communication and knowledge dissemination globally. Internet adoption remains inconsistent among tribal farmers in remote regions, posing challenges to equitable digital access. This study examines the Internet usage preferences of tribal farmers in Northern Thailand, focusing on the demographic factors that influence their participation in the Internet. Employing a mixed methods approach, data were gathered from 196 participants through semi-structured surveys and analyzed using content analysis, descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation analysis. The findings reveal that social networking is the predominant use of the Internet (100 %), followed by recreational activities (84.69 %). However, a comparatively lower proportion of farmers use the Internet for information seeking (64.29 %) or economic activities (37.24 %). Age and education levels exhibit significant correlations with online engagement, with more educated and younger farmers demonstrating a higher propensity for online information. Key barriers to Internet adoption include inadequate rural broadband infrastructure, unavailability of localized content, and insufficient training. These findings underscore the need for specialized content and improved rural Internet connectivity, as well as other targeted governmental measures. Addressing these challenges improves farmers’ resilience and facilitates data-driven decision-making. Future research should explore digital inclusion strategies tailored to diverse ethnic communities to reinforce equitable access to the Internet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 9","pages":"Article 103036"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103004
Zhaopeng Chu , Xin Chen , Jun Yang
Data factor is the foundation of digital empowerment for economic development. This paper studies data factor and its integration with other production factors by theoretically deducing and empirically testing its impacts on economic development. Working with provincial level data from China, the investigation reveals a positive and nonlinear impact of data factor on economic development. When applied at an advanced level, data factor can transform capital and labor into digital production factors, which boost economic development. The effects of data and digital production factors vary across regions and industries. Mechanism analysis shows that the effects of data factor and digital production factors on economic development are mediated by total factor productivity. These results offer clear evidence that all countries can benefit from digital transformation of the economy.
{"title":"Impact of data factor and data integration on economic development: Empirical insights from China","authors":"Zhaopeng Chu , Xin Chen , Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data factor is the foundation of digital empowerment for economic development. This paper studies data factor and its integration with other production factors by theoretically deducing and empirically testing its impacts on economic development. Working with provincial level data from China, the investigation reveals a positive and nonlinear impact of data factor on economic development. When applied at an advanced level, data factor can transform capital and labor into digital production factors, which boost economic development. The effects of data and digital production factors vary across regions and industries. Mechanism analysis shows that the effects of data factor and digital production factors on economic development are mediated by total factor productivity. These results offer clear evidence that all countries can benefit from digital transformation of the economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 8","pages":"Article 103004"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103020
René Arnold , Anna Schneider
This article examines how “Presence and Awareness Cues” (PAACs) such as read receipts, online status indicators, and typing notifications shape data disclosure in computer-mediated communication (CMC), with particular focus on emerging metaverse contexts. PAACs are often overlooked in current policy debates despite their potential to reveal sensitive behavioral, relational, and even physiological information. Drawing on a broad review of related literature, we propose a conceptual framework outlining four pillars of mediated presence (PAACs, content, aesthetics, and fidelity), offering policymakers a technology-agnostic lens for anticipating developments in augmented and virtual settings.
We then present findings from a six-country survey (n = 18,358) examining whether and how users notice, interpret, and control PAACs, as well as their willingness to share additional cues in advanced AR/VR environments. Results indicate that most users recognize PAACs across diverse online services and adapt their behavior accordingly. These insights underscore potential policy gaps when biosignals such as heart rate and gaze become integral to projected availability or emotional states.
We conclude that balancing consumer protection with user-friendly interfaces calls for more nuanced oversight, especially as the European AI Act and related legislation could inadvertently limit the adoption of intuitive PAACs. Future research should probe how users negotiate these cues in fully interoperable metaverse environments, particularly when multiple identities or cross-application interactions come into play.
{"title":"Overlooked – Presence and awareness cues in the metaverse","authors":"René Arnold , Anna Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines how “Presence and Awareness Cues” (PAACs) such as read receipts, online status indicators, and typing notifications shape data disclosure in computer-mediated communication (CMC), with particular focus on emerging metaverse contexts. PAACs are often overlooked in current policy debates despite their potential to reveal sensitive behavioral, relational, and even physiological information. Drawing on a broad review of related literature, we propose a conceptual framework outlining four pillars of mediated presence (PAACs, content, aesthetics, and fidelity), offering policymakers a technology-agnostic lens for anticipating developments in augmented and virtual settings.</div><div>We then present findings from a six-country survey (n = 18,358) examining whether and how users notice, interpret, and control PAACs, as well as their willingness to share additional cues in advanced AR/VR environments. Results indicate that most users recognize PAACs across diverse online services and adapt their behavior accordingly. These insights underscore potential policy gaps when biosignals such as heart rate and gaze become integral to projected availability or emotional states.</div><div>We conclude that balancing consumer protection with user-friendly interfaces calls for more nuanced oversight, especially as the European AI Act and related legislation could inadvertently limit the adoption of intuitive PAACs. Future research should probe how users negotiate these cues in fully interoperable metaverse environments, particularly when multiple identities or cross-application interactions come into play.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 8","pages":"Article 103020"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103021
Vasilis Tsiavos, Fotis Kitsios
Although artificial intelligence has played a dominant role in the digital transformation of many industries and has been the focus of multiple academic studies, only a few researchers have explored the impact of AI on the film industry, even after the advances in large language models like ChatGPT and generative AI tools such as Sora. Questions regarding how the use of AI has affected the core functions of the film industry's value chain (Creation, Production, Dissemination and Exhibition) have only been partially or inadequately explored. This paper intends to address this research gap by conducting a systematic literature review of 74 relevant articles based on the Webster & Watson methodology, to be followed by a conceptual analysis of AI-related themes in the film industry. Our findings reveal that artificial intelligence has long played a role in the film industry, and its influence has only grown with recent advancements in AI, having an impact across the film industry's value chain. We also highlight emerging ethical concerns, such as authorship, creative integrity, and labor displacement that accompany AI's expanding role. Whilst our work contributes to the body of research on AI in the film industry, we also identify potential avenues of research that allow room for future exploration.
{"title":"The digital transformation of the film industry: How Artificial Intelligence is changing the seventh art","authors":"Vasilis Tsiavos, Fotis Kitsios","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although artificial intelligence has played a dominant role in the digital transformation of many industries and has been the focus of multiple academic studies, only a few researchers have explored the impact of AI on the film industry, even after the advances in large language models like ChatGPT and generative AI tools such as Sora. Questions regarding how the use of AI has affected the core functions of the film industry's value chain (Creation, Production, Dissemination and Exhibition) have only been partially or inadequately explored. This paper intends to address this research gap by conducting a systematic literature review of 74 relevant articles based on the Webster & Watson methodology, to be followed by a conceptual analysis of AI-related themes in the film industry. Our findings reveal that artificial intelligence has long played a role in the film industry, and its influence has only grown with recent advancements in AI, having an impact across the film industry's value chain. We also highlight emerging ethical concerns, such as authorship, creative integrity, and labor displacement that accompany AI's expanding role. Whilst our work contributes to the body of research on AI in the film industry, we also identify potential avenues of research that allow room for future exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 8","pages":"Article 103021"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103030
María Rosalía Vicente, Carla Álvarez-Rodríguez, Ana Suárez-Álvarez
This paper explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools by firms across the regions of the European Union. Using the multivariate technique of factor analysis on a set of AI variables, we assess regional levels of AI use and identify both leading and lagging regions. Within countries territorial disparities are also measured. In addition, we explore the extent to which AI use is linked to regional levels of digitalization. Using spatial econometric models, our findings suggest that regional levels of AI use by firms are explained by past usage of digital tools in a region, i.e., by factors related to the second level of the digital divide. No significant relationship is found either for access or outcomes. Furthermore, what neighboring regions do also play a role. Results indicate the existence of complementary effects in AI use between a region and neighbors; meanwhile the relationship would be negative between a region's use of AI and neighbors' digital use.
{"title":"An old familiar song? Assessing the artificial intelligence divide among the regions of the European Union and its connections with digital divides","authors":"María Rosalía Vicente, Carla Álvarez-Rodríguez, Ana Suárez-Álvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools by firms across the regions of the European Union. Using the multivariate technique of factor analysis on a set of AI variables, we assess regional levels of AI use and identify both leading and lagging regions. Within countries territorial disparities are also measured. In addition, we explore the extent to which AI use is linked to regional levels of digitalization. Using spatial econometric models, our findings suggest that regional levels of AI use by firms are explained by past usage of digital tools in a region, i.e., by factors related to the second level of the digital divide. No significant relationship is found either for access or outcomes. Furthermore, what neighboring regions do also play a role. Results indicate the existence of complementary effects in AI use between a region and neighbors; meanwhile the relationship would be negative between a region's use of AI and neighbors' digital use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 8","pages":"Article 103030"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103019
Puxin Zhang , Krishna Jayakar , Richard Taylor , Chun Liu
This paper is a comparative analysis of how two leading developing nations, China and India, are proposing to regulate artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Despite similarity in circumstances as large developing economies aiming to upgrade their technology sectors and create jobs, the two countries have taken significantly different approaches to AI regulation. Based on interest group theory, we argue that contrasting problem definitions—predominantly in terms of economic competitiveness and national security in China and as applications in India—resulted in the recruitment of very different decision-making groups in the two countries; homogeneous groups of technocrats and security specialists in China and a broader group including consumer advocates in India. This in turn resulted in ambitious and deep policy changes in China and relatively incremental and consensus-based moves in India.
{"title":"Same goal, different paths: Contrasting approaches to AI regulation in China and India","authors":"Puxin Zhang , Krishna Jayakar , Richard Taylor , Chun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is a comparative analysis of how two leading developing nations, China and India, are proposing to regulate artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Despite similarity in circumstances as large developing economies aiming to upgrade their technology sectors and create jobs, the two countries have taken significantly different approaches to AI regulation. Based on interest group theory, we argue that contrasting problem definitions—predominantly in terms of economic competitiveness and national security in China and as applications in India—resulted in the recruitment of very different decision-making groups in the two countries; homogeneous groups of technocrats and security specialists in China and a broader group including consumer advocates in India. This in turn resulted in ambitious and deep policy changes in China and relatively incremental and consensus-based moves in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 8","pages":"Article 103019"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103025
Lusi Liao , Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat
This study investigated gender differences in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and the determinants of women's participation in the online marketplace. We conducted descriptive and empirical analyses using data from the 2010 to 2023 Household Survey on the Use of ICT, which provides comprehensive data on ICT access and usage at both the household and individual levels. Moreover, to capture firm's characteristics involving in online market after the COVID-19 pandemic, we utilize the ICT establishment survey (ICTE) from 2020 to 2022. Both ICT and ICTE cover all country regions and are nationally representative, with an individual sample of around 30,000 and firm sample around 145,000. We found that gender, education, and digital access significantly influence participation in online shopping and online business in Thailand. Women are 10 percentage points more likely to shop online than men. Compared to primary education, university and secondary education increase the probability by 20 and 13 percentage points, respectively. Owning a device and using a computer increases the likelihood of online shopping by 11 and 17 percentage points, respectively. For online businesses, gender and marital status are not significant factors, but education remains important. While being unemployed reduces the probability of engaging in online business by 1.3 percentage points, access to digital devices and computer usage increases the probability by around three percentage points. For the firms, the use of computers increases the probability of participating in online shopping by 27.2 percentage points and doing online business by 23.3 percentage points. Disaggregated results highlight that younger, better-educated, urban women are more active in the online marketplace, supporting theories of digital inequality shaped by personal and structural factors. By applying the RA theory to digital inclusion, we highlight how unequal access to technology and education amplifies existing market inequalities. Our policy recommendations are designed to close these gaps, promoting a more inclusive and competitive digital economy in Thailand.
{"title":"A new digital era: Challenges and opportunities for Thai women in online marketplace","authors":"Lusi Liao , Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat","doi":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated gender differences in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and the determinants of women's participation in the online marketplace. We conducted descriptive and empirical analyses using data from the 2010 to 2023 Household Survey on the Use of ICT, which provides comprehensive data on ICT access and usage at both the household and individual levels. Moreover, to capture firm's characteristics involving in online market after the COVID-19 pandemic, we utilize the ICT establishment survey (ICTE) from 2020 to 2022. Both ICT and ICTE cover all country regions and are nationally representative, with an individual sample of around 30,000 and firm sample around 145,000. We found that gender, education, and digital access significantly influence participation in online shopping and online business in Thailand. Women are 10 percentage points more likely to shop online than men. Compared to primary education, university and secondary education increase the probability by 20 and 13 percentage points, respectively. Owning a device and using a computer increases the likelihood of online shopping by 11 and 17 percentage points, respectively. For online businesses, gender and marital status are not significant factors, but education remains important. While being unemployed reduces the probability of engaging in online business by 1.3 percentage points, access to digital devices and computer usage increases the probability by around three percentage points. For the firms, the use of computers increases the probability of participating in online shopping by 27.2 percentage points and doing online business by 23.3 percentage points. Disaggregated results highlight that younger, better-educated, urban women are more active in the online marketplace, supporting theories of digital inequality shaped by personal and structural factors. By applying the RA theory to digital inclusion, we highlight how unequal access to technology and education amplifies existing market inequalities. Our policy recommendations are designed to close these gaps, promoting a more inclusive and competitive digital economy in Thailand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22290,"journal":{"name":"Telecommunications Policy","volume":"49 8","pages":"Article 103025"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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