Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology最新文献_第4页

मधेसतिर कथामा सीमान्तीयता {Marginality in the story towards Madhes} मधेसतिरकथामासीमान्तीयता{边缘性的故事向Madhes}

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology

Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53586

शारदा Sharada खनाल Khanal

प्रस्तुत लेखमा आख्यानकार विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाको मधेसतिर कथामा प्रयुक्त पात्रहरूको सीमान्तीयताको प्रतिनिधित्वका आधारमा अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सीमान्तीय भनेका निर्धा, निमुखा, ओझेलमा पारिएका, हेपिएका, दबाइएका शोषित, पीडित, दलित अधीनस्थ, पाखा पारिएका, आवाजविहीन तथा इतिहासविहीन व्यक्ति, समुदाय, समाज, जाति, क्षेत्र आदि हुन् । पात्रहरूको प्रतिनिधित्वलाई भौतिक प्रतिनिधित्व र भाषागत लेखनका आधारमा गराइने प्रतिनिधित्व गरी दुई आधारमा छुट्टाएर भौतिक प्रतिनिधित्वलाई पनि पात्रगत प्रतिनिधित्व, परिवेशगत प्रतिनिधित्व र विचारधारात्मक प्रतिनिधित्व गरी विभिन्न उपशीर्षकहरूमा छुट्टाई अध्ययन गरिएको छ । प्रमुख, सहायक र गौण सबै पात्र सीमान्तीय भएकाले कथामा सीमान्तीयताको भरपुर प्रतिनिधित्व भएको छ । सामाजिक संरचनाले सीमान्तीय बनेकी विधवामा पुनर्विवाह गरेर नयाँ जीवनको सुरुवात गर्ने इच्छा भएर पनि हिन्दू धार्मिक र पितृसत्तात्मक विचारधाराले बसेकै ठाउँमा सहजतापूर्वक पुनर्विवाह हुने अवस्था नभएपछि घर मात्र होइन गाउँ नै छोडेर हिँड्न बाध्य भएकी छ । नेपाली सामाजिक संरचनाअनुरुप पुरुषले नै आयआर्जनको उत्तरदायित्व बहन गर्नुपर्ने बाध्यताअनुसार बूढो, गोरे, भोटे, धने जस्ता पात्रहरू पैसा कमाउन र पेटभरि खान पाउने आशामा आफ्नो जन्मथलो छोडेर मधेसतिर जान बाध्य भएकाले उनीहरू पनि सीमान्तीय पात्र हुन् । कृतिको अर्थापनका लागि सघन पाठविश्लेषण विधिअनुसार सन्दर्भपरक अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरी स्थापित सिद्धान्तका आधारमा परिणाम निकालिएकाले यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको छ। प्रस्तुत कथामा भाषाका माध्यमबाट पनि सीमान्तीयताको प्रतिनिधित्व गराइएको छ । समग्रमा भन्नुपर्दा मधेसतिर कथा सीमान्तीयताको पात्रगत, परिवेशत, विचारधारात्मक तथा भाषागत सबै दृष्टिले प्रतिनिधित्व भएको कथा हो भन्ने निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।

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引用次数: 0

थैले खत्रीको इतिहास कथामा प्रगतिवाद {Progressivism in Thale Khatri's historical fiction}

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology

Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53583

टंकप्रसाद Tankaprasad भट्टराई Bhattarai

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानमूलक लेख प्रदीप नेपालको “थैले खत्रीको इतिहास’ कथाको विश्लेषणमा आधारित छ । समाजमा विद्यमान शोषक र शोषित दुई वर्गमध्ये शोषक वर्गद्वारा शोषित वर्गमाथि गरिने चरम अन्याय र त्यसको विरुद्धमा शोषित वर्गले गर्ने विद्रोहलाई प्रस्तुत गर्ने कथा लेखनका केन्द्रीयतामा अध्ययनलाई अगाडि बढाइएको छ । समकालीन कथा लेखनका क्षेत्रमा प्रगतिवादी कथाकारको परिचय बनाएका प्रदीप नेपालको ‘धरहराको सहर’ कथासङ्ग्रह भित्रको ‘थैले खत्रीको इतिहास’ उनको प्रतिनिधि कथा हो । यस कथाले प्रगतिवादी विचारधारालाई बलियोसँग उठाएको छ । समाजका दुई वर्ग शोषक र शोषितमध्ये शोषितहरूले गर्ने विद्रोहलाई प्रगतिवादका सापेक्षतामा अध्ययन गर्न प्रदीप नेपालको ‘थैले खत्रीको इतिहास’ कथालाई विश्लेष्य सामग्रीकारूपमा चयन गरी कथाले सामाजिक शोषणको कुन रूपलाई प्रस्तुत गरेको छ र त्यसको विरुद्ध विद्रोह गर्नेवर्गको विरोधको विरुद्ध कसरी प्रस्तुत भएको छ भन्ने दृष्टिकोणबाट कथाको विश्लेषणलाई अगाडि बढाई त्यसैका केन्द्रीयतामा यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।

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引用次数: 0

Symptom Assessment among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy In A Cancer Hospital 某肿瘤医院化疗患者的症状评价

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51591

R. Gautam, Bhagwati Kalikotey, K. Shrestha, A. Shrestha

People with cancer usually experience various distressing symptoms while receiving chemotherapy. Early identification of distressing symptoms of patients receiving treatment is a crucial step toward providing quality nursing care for patients. This study aimed to assess the frequency, severity and distressing symptoms and its predictors among cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy. An Analytical cross-sectional study was done among 233 people receiving cancer chemotherapy in a Cancer Hospital. Convenience sampling method was adopted to select sample and data was collected by in-person interview. Out of 233 respondents, less than half(42.6%) belonged to the 40-59 years age group and male (53.6%). The common physical symptoms were pain (70%), lack of energy (67.8%), nausea (58.8%) and psychological symptoms were feeling sad (43.8%), worrying (43.8%) and difficulty sleeping (18.5%). The most severe symptoms experienced by respondents were pain, dry mouth, lack of energy and shortness of breath. Patient’s age (β=0.321, p <0.001), education ( β= 0.094, p <0.001). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (EOCG) ( β=0.340, p <0.001), number of chemotherapy cycle ( β=0.147, p 0.004) were found to be predictors for the physical symptoms. Likewise, for the global distress index, these variables explained 88.9% of this variance (p<0.001, r 2 =0.889). Education (β=0.078,p <0.001), duration of illness (β=0.081, p =0.032) , age (β=0.0.211, p <0.001), ECOG(β=0.0264, p <0.001) were found to be predictors for the global distress index.

癌症患者在接受化疗时通常会经历各种痛苦的症状。早期识别接受治疗的患者的痛苦症状是为患者提供优质护理的关键一步。本研究旨在评估接受化疗的癌症患者的频率、严重程度和痛苦症状及其预测因素。一项分析性横断面研究在一家癌症医院对233名接受癌症化疗的患者进行了调查。采用方便抽样法选择样本，采用面对面访谈法收集数据。在233名受访者中，不到一半(42.6%)属于40-59岁年龄组，男性(53.6%)。常见的生理症状为疼痛(70%)、精神不振(67.8%)、恶心(58.8%)，心理症状为悲伤(43.8%)、焦虑(43.8%)、睡眠困难(18.5%)。受访者经历的最严重症状是疼痛、口干、缺乏精力和呼吸短促。患者年龄(β=0.321, p <0.001)、学历(β= 0.094, p <0.001)。东部肿瘤合作组(EOCG) (β=0.340, p <0.001)、化疗周期数(β=0.147, p 0.004)是躯体症状的预测因子。同样，对于全球危机指数，这些变量解释了88.9%的方差(p<0.001, r2 =0.889)。教育程度(β=0.078,p <0.001)、病程(β=0.081, p =0.032)、年龄(β=0.0.211, p <0.001)、ECOG(β=0.0264, p <0.001)是全球痛苦指数的预测因子。

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引用次数: 0

The Performative Aspects of Tamang Ritual in Chaitra Purne Jatra 查特拉·普恩·贾特拉塔曼仪式的表演方面

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51749

Kumari Lama

Chaitra Purne Jatra, takes place in the month of Chaitra (March/April)when the Tamang people visit Namobuddha, Boudha and Swayambhu and performspecial rituals for the salvation of the departed soul. Against this backdrop,the paper explores examines and analyse the performative aspects of Chaitra PurneJatra taking Rabindra Tamang’s Timal Jatra (2054) as a primary text. Moreover, it concentrates on the dynamics of Tamang ritual. Performing specific cultural ritesin memory of their family members is a ritual process of the Tamang community. They begin the religious rites from Namobuddha and conclude in Swayambhu lighting the special light made up of astu powder, ghee and thread. At the end, people sing, dance and feast, which is reminiscent of the modern performances ontheatre that only highlight the subtle performative qualities of the jatra. To assess and scrutinize the performativity of the jatra, I have employed Richard Schechnerand Victor Turner’s concepts of ritual and performance.

chitra Purne Jatra，在chitra月(3月/ 4月)举行，当塔芒人拜访纳摩佛，佛和斯瓦扬布，并为拯救死去的灵魂举行特殊的仪式。在此背景下，本文以Rabindra Tamang的《Timal Jatra》(2054)为主要文本，探讨并分析了Chaitra PurneJatra的表演方面。此外，它还集中讨论了塔芒仪式的动态。表演特定的文化仪式来纪念他们的家庭成员是塔芒社区的一个仪式过程。他们从纳摩佛开始宗教仪式，最后在斯瓦扬布点燃由阿斯陀粉、酥油和线组成的特殊灯时结束。最后，人们唱歌、跳舞、盛宴，这让人想起现代剧院的表演，只突出了贾特拉微妙的表演品质。为了评估和审视jatra的表演，我采用了Richard Schechnerand Victor Turner关于仪式和表演的概念。

引用次数: 0

Application of Continued Fraction in Pell's Equation 连分式在Pell方程中的应用

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51651

Bal Bahadur Tamang

This paper uses a continued fraction to explain various approaches to solving Diophantine equations. It first examines the fundamental characteristics of continued fractions, such as convergent and approximations to real numbers. Using continued fractions, we can solve the Pell's equation. Certain theorems have also been discussed for how to expand quadratic irrational integers into periodic continued fractions. Finally, the relationship between convergent and best approximations and use of continuous fraction in calendar construction has-been investigated. The analytical theory of continued fractions is a significant generalization of continued fractions and represents a large field for current and future research.

本文使用连分式来解释求解丢番图方程的各种方法。它首先考察了连分式的基本特征，如收敛性和实数逼近性。利用连分式，我们可以解出佩尔方程。讨论了如何将二次无理数展开为周期连分数的若干定理。最后，讨论了收敛逼近与最佳逼近之间的关系以及连续分数在日历构造中的应用。连分式的解析理论是对连分式的重要推广，是当前和未来研究的一个广阔领域。

引用次数: 0

Awareness Of Sexual Harassment Among Secondary School Students 中学生对性骚扰的认知

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51599

Sabin Dawadi, T. Chaudhary, Pooja Gauro

Sexual harassment has gained global attention and has been recognized as a critical public health concern with significant negative impacts on victims ‘physical and mental health. This study aimed to find out the awareness of sexual harassment among secondary school students in Nawalparasi District, Nepal. The descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to find out the awareness of sexual harassment among secondary-level students in Devchuli Municipality, Nawalparasi. Students studying in grades eight, nine, and ten were identified from two conveniently selected schools out of the 12 private schools in the study area. In total, 150 students took part in the study, and every one of them completed the questionnaire in its entirety. Data entry and analysis were done in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. The obtained data we reanalyzed using descriptive statistical methods like frequency, percentage, mean, and chi-square to ascertain the relationship between the level of awareness of sexual harassment and the selected socio-demographic characteristics. The findings showed that, among 150 respondents, most (82.0%) had a good level of awareness regarding sexual harassment. According to respondents ‘suggestions for preventing sexual harassment (SH) can be stopped by enacting strict rules, regulations, and policies against those who engage in the practice (85.3%), running awareness campaigns about the issue (83.3%), and offering training on how to handle sexual harassment (75.3%).There was no statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness of sexual harassment and the selected socio-demographic variables. It can be recommended that schools conduct an ongoing sensitization program or awareness campaign to teach students about sexual harassment periodically.

性骚扰已引起全球关注，并被认为是一个严重的公共卫生问题，对受害者的身心健康产生重大负面影响。本研究旨在了解尼泊尔纳瓦尔帕拉斯区中学生对性骚扰的认知。采用描述性横断面研究设计，了解纳瓦尔帕拉斯省德丘里市中学生的性骚扰意识。8年级、9年级和10年级的学生是在研究区域的12所私立学校中从两所方便选择的学校中挑选出来的。总共有150名学生参加了这项研究，他们每个人都完整地完成了问卷。数据输入和分析在SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science)第20版中完成。我们使用频率、百分比、平均值和卡方等描述性统计方法对获得的数据进行重新分析，以确定性骚扰意识水平与选定的社会人口统计学特征之间的关系。调查结果显示，在150名受访者中，大多数(82.0%)对性骚扰有良好的认识。根据受访者的建议，防止性骚扰(SH)可以通过制定严格的规章制度和政策来制止(85.3%)，开展有关该问题的宣传活动(83.3%)，以及提供如何处理性骚扰的培训(75.3%)。对性骚扰的认识水平与所选的社会人口变量之间没有统计学上的显著关系。可以建议学校开展持续的宣传项目或宣传活动，定期向学生传授性骚扰知识。

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引用次数: 0

Work-Life Balance of Bank Employees during the Pandemic: An Exploratory Analysis 疫情期间银行员工工作与生活平衡的探索性分析

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51631

B. K. Jain

The study attempts to explore the factors of work-life balance (WLB)amid the pandemic and the effects of these derived factors on the overall perception of WLB of bank employees. The quantitative research method was harnessed to explore the objectives. Employees of commercial banks serving in the Morang district, one of the 77 administrative units of Nepal, during the pandemic were the population of the study. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires. Snowball and purposive sampling methods were implied to get the sample of 193 bank employees. The study extracted four factors; personal demand, family demand, work demand, and social demand dimensions of WLB duringCovid-19. And personal demand factor of WLB stood as the most significant out of the other two significant factors namely family and work demand factors to influence the overall perception of WLB amidst the pandemic. Employees’ self-care and self-development needs are to be incorporated while formulating policies of the organization and more specifically WLB during the traumatic conditions.

本研究旨在探讨疫情背景下影响工作生活平衡的因素，以及这些衍生因素对银行员工工作生活平衡整体认知的影响。定量研究方法被用来探索目标。在大流行期间，在尼泊尔77个行政单位之一的Morang地区服务的商业银行雇员是该研究的对象。主要数据采用结构化问卷收集。采用雪球法和有目的抽样法对193名银行员工进行抽样。该研究提取了四个因素;新冠肺炎期间的个人需求、家庭需求、工作需求和社会需求维度。在疫情背景下，家庭需求和工作需求这两个重要因素中，个人需求因素对家庭工作满意度的影响最为显著。员工的自我照顾和自我发展需要在制定组织的政策时被纳入，更具体地说，在创伤状态下的WLB。

引用次数: 0

Writing Off: Approaching Modernity through Social Change 注销:通过社会变革接近现代性

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51748

Komal Prasad Phuyal

As rupture in the prevailing practices, modernity adopts writing off as one of its diverse ways of bringing the ethos of contemporary time to match up with the aspirations of people. The inner core of the society develops erroneous aspects in its structural foundations over a course of time, whereby promoting social inequalities. Often, the proponents of such system fail to see through the possible implications of such fault line during the inceptions. The fissures in system set onto trouble the people, thereby obstructing the smooth functioning of the society. In such context, the society calls for the intervention of the larger agency, capable of enforcing and sustaining change. The present study examines and analyse slavery as the system that has undergone such change in the history of Nepal. I have taken Chandra Shumsher’s 1924 speech on abolition of slavery and Madan Mani Dixit’s Madhavi (1983) as the primary source of data to explore examine and analyse slavery from the intersection of history and literature in that both Shumsher and Dixit reflection the nature and course of slavery as such. Using the critical perspective of new historicism, the study concludes that modernity employs ‘writing off’ as one of the chief strategies to upgrade the polity with the ethos of contemporaneity.

作为对主流实践的断裂，现代性将勾销作为其将当代精神与人们的愿望相匹配的多种方式之一。随着时间的推移，社会的内部核心在其结构基础上发展出错误的方面，从而促进了社会不平等。通常，这种系统的支持者在启动过程中无法看穿这种断层线的可能含义。制度上的裂痕给人们带来了困扰，从而阻碍了社会的顺利运行。在这种情况下，社会需要有能力实施和维持变革的更大机构的干预。本研究考察和分析了在尼泊尔历史上经历了如此变化的奴隶制制度。我把钱德拉·舒姆舍尔1924年关于废除奴隶制的演讲和马丹·马尼·迪克西特的《Madhavi》(1983)作为主要的数据来源，从历史和文学的交叉点来探索、检查和分析奴隶制，因为舒姆舍尔和迪克西特都反映了奴隶制的本质和过程。本研究运用新历史主义的批判视角，认为现代性将“勾销”作为以当代性精神升级政体的主要策略之一。

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引用次数: 0

नरसिंह अवतार महाकाव्यमा प्रयोगशीलता {Applicability in Narasimha Avatar epic}

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51751

तुलसीप्रसाद Tulasiprasad गौतम Gautam

यस लेखमा जगदीश शमशेर राणाद्वारा रचित नरसिंह अवतार महाकाव्यको प्रयोगवादी अवधारणाका आधारमा अध्ययन तथा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रयोगवाद आफैंमा कुनै वाद होइन, साहित्यमा गरिने नयाँ–नयाँ प्रयोगलाई प्रयोगवादी भन्ने चलन छ । नेपाली कवितामा प्रयोगवाद भन्नाले वि.सं. २०१७ सालको रूपरेखा पत्रिकामा प्रकाशित मोहन कोइरालाको घाइतेयुग कविताबाट सुरु भएको नयाँ कविता धारालाई बुझिन्छ । यस धाराका कवितामा अमूर्त लेखनशैली, सम्प्रेषणहीनता, संरचनागत शिथिलता, नयाँ नयाँ बिम्ब, प्रतीक र मिथकको प्रयोग, विसङ्गतिको प्रस्तुति र अस्तित्ववादी चेत जस्ता कुरा मुख्य विशेषताका रूपमा रहेका छन् । यिनै कुरालाई आधार बनाई यसमा नरसिंह अवतारको विषयवस्तु, कथानक, चरित्र, परिवेश, उद्देश्य, भाषाशैली आदि तत्वहरूको अध्ययन तथा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट प्रस्तुत महाकाव्य विषयवस्तुको छनोटमा, कथानक निर्माणमा, पात्रविधानमा, परिवेश निर्माणमा, उद्देश्यका साथै भाषाशैली आदिको प्रयोगमा परम्परित महाकाव्यक संरचना भन्दा भिन्न र नयाँढाँचाको प्रयोगशील बन्न पुगेको प्रस्ट भएको छ ।

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引用次数: 0

Activating Three Languages Simultaneously in Mental Lexicon: An Investigation of Nepali – English – Sanskritparallel Language Activation 心理词汇中三种语言的同时激活:尼泊尔语-英语-梵语平行语言激活研究

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology

Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v37i02.51649

L. Pathak

This is the first study investigating the nature of trilingual parallel language activation in Nepal-English-Sanskrit triad. Twenty-four participants have been divided into groups of 8 based on the dominance of the three language use to understand the nature of activation in three groups. Stimuli consisted of audio-visual bimodal in nature. An emerging novel technology Mouse Tracker that can study continuous unfolding of cognitive processing has been used to design the experiment and collect the software generated data. The data has been analyzed using SPSS and visualized using R. Results which showed when three languages are activated simultaneously, the phonological similarity plays a facilitating role. The results are explained in line with BLINCS (Bilingual Language Interaction Network for Comprehension of Speech) model.

本研究首次探讨了尼泊尔语-英语-梵语三联体中三语平行语言激活的本质。根据三种语言使用的主导地位，24名参与者被分成8人一组，以了解三组中激活的本质。刺激本质上由视听双峰组成。采用一种新兴的、能够研究认知过程持续展开的鼠标跟踪技术来设计实验并收集软件生成的数据。使用SPSS软件对数据进行分析，使用r软件对数据进行可视化处理。结果表明，当三种语言同时被激活时，语音相似性起到促进作用。结果符合BLINCS(双语语言理解互动网络)模型。

引用次数: 0