This paper aims to investigate the economics of Nepalese telecom industry with special reference to Nepal Telecom. The study is undertaken with the objectives to analyze Nepal Telecom as the market leader, drive an aggressive pricing model and to explore reliable telecommunication service in Nepal and become the lowest cost provider. Telecommunication at present, is the transmission of information, voice or data per time and space through electronic device. Efficiency gains and cheaper phone calls are possible from telecommunications aggressive pricing and effective customer care. The telecommunications revolution has arrived to 21st century wireless communication with fiber to the home (FTTH), 4G and 5G. The overall telecommunication market is huge. Majority of market share is needed to become a market leader. Telecom management need to formulate effective plan to achieve the target within the period of five years. Fiber to the home (FTTH) service, which includes three in one as voice, internet and IPTV has been expanded within 62 districts. Nepal Telecom has been able to expand 4G network in all 77 districts of the country with the wide coverage of 654 local bodies and 85% of the total population. FTTH is an important project as it supports the fifth-generation mobile internet (5G) which is coming to Nepal in the near future.
{"title":"Economics of Nepalese Telecom Industry","authors":"Rajendra Kumar Pokhrel","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i1.48216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i1.48216","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the economics of Nepalese telecom industry with special reference to Nepal Telecom. The study is undertaken with the objectives to analyze Nepal Telecom as the market leader, drive an aggressive pricing model and to explore reliable telecommunication service in Nepal and become the lowest cost provider. Telecommunication at present, is the transmission of information, voice or data per time and space through electronic device. Efficiency gains and cheaper phone calls are possible from telecommunications aggressive pricing and effective customer care. The telecommunications revolution has arrived to 21st century wireless communication with fiber to the home (FTTH), 4G and 5G. The overall telecommunication market is huge. Majority of market share is needed to become a market leader. Telecom management need to formulate effective plan to achieve the target within the period of five years. Fiber to the home (FTTH) service, which includes three in one as voice, internet and IPTV has been expanded within 62 districts. Nepal Telecom has been able to expand 4G network in all 77 districts of the country with the wide coverage of 654 local bodies and 85% of the total population. FTTH is an important project as it supports the fifth-generation mobile internet (5G) which is coming to Nepal in the near future.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"327 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77596833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research is focused on the political position of the middle-class in the selected area of Banke and Bardiya district. The objective of the research is to explore the middle-class formation process, its position, and the political orientation with its connection to caste/ ethnicity. It adopts the structuralist theory and the relative class power model. It has followed the mixed method of research. This study adopted the gradational concepts of class and measured them based on the self-perceived notion. Documentary resources, questionnaire surveys, and telephone interviews are used for data collection. Diversification of profession and tertiary activities, bureaucracy, expansion of education and activities of NGO/ INGO, adoption of privatization, and inclusive representation are major factors in the formation of the middle class. Middle-class people like to be more active in civil society and social organizations than in a political party. It opens the door to a new gateway of research on the middle class and helps to promote common values and a roadmap without exploitation and repression of the ruling class. Despite the postmodern claim of the death or irrelevance of class, the class concept is still relevant as an analytical factor and more as a source of political power. The new middle classes are focused on governance, service delivery, and transformation in addition to social justice, inclusion, and empowerment.
{"title":"Political Orientation of Middle Class in Naya Muluk","authors":"Chakrapani Lamsal","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i1.48214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i1.48214","url":null,"abstract":"The research is focused on the political position of the middle-class in the selected area of Banke and Bardiya district. The objective of the research is to explore the middle-class formation process, its position, and the political orientation with its connection to caste/ ethnicity. It adopts the structuralist theory and the relative class power model. It has followed the mixed method of research. This study adopted the gradational concepts of class and measured them based on the self-perceived notion. Documentary resources, questionnaire surveys, and telephone interviews are used for data collection. Diversification of profession and tertiary activities, bureaucracy, expansion of education and activities of NGO/ INGO, adoption of privatization, and inclusive representation are major factors in the formation of the middle class. Middle-class people like to be more active in civil society and social organizations than in a political party. It opens the door to a new gateway of research on the middle class and helps to promote common values and a roadmap without exploitation and repression of the ruling class. Despite the postmodern claim of the death or irrelevance of class, the class concept is still relevant as an analytical factor and more as a source of political power. The new middle classes are focused on governance, service delivery, and transformation in addition to social justice, inclusion, and empowerment.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89092800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inclusive policies lead local governments to function in public service effectively. This study explored the process and inclusive practices during the formulation of policies at a local level. Taking the case of Kirtipur Municipality, one of the local governments in Kathmandu valley, the primary tools, and techniques for data collection were the Key Informant Interview (KII) with municipal executive members, Focused Group Discussions (FGD) with women network members, and Dalit network members, and reviews of policies formulated by the municipality. The finding has shown that inclusive policymaking is imperative in local government, which demonstrate uncovers a system of governance and creates inopportunity to deliver public services inclusively to people in general and priority groups. It concludes that a specific group of people developed local policies with legitimate authority but without comprehensive consultations and engagement with women and disadvantaged people. The participation and representation of women and Dalits in the policy-making process have been ignored and as a result, local policies failed to grasp the inclusive perspective due to the dominance of the patriarchal mindset among policymakers and weak policy-influencing capacities of women, Dalits, and disadvantaged communities. The failure further resulted in continued subordination of women, Dalit, and disadvantaged people, reinforcing existing patterns of exclusion and disengagement.
{"title":"Inclusive Governance at Local Level: A Case Study of Local Policymaking Process in Kirtipur Municipality","authors":"Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, B. Pokharel","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i1.48057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i1.48057","url":null,"abstract":"Inclusive policies lead local governments to function in public service effectively. This study explored the process and inclusive practices during the formulation of policies at a local level. Taking the case of Kirtipur Municipality, one of the local governments in Kathmandu valley, the primary tools, and techniques for data collection were the Key Informant Interview (KII) with municipal executive members, Focused Group Discussions (FGD) with women network members, and Dalit network members, and reviews of policies formulated by the municipality. The finding has shown that inclusive policymaking is imperative in local government, which demonstrate uncovers a system of governance and creates inopportunity to deliver public services inclusively to people in general and priority groups. It concludes that a specific group of people developed local policies with legitimate authority but without comprehensive consultations and engagement with women and disadvantaged people. The participation and representation of women and Dalits in the policy-making process have been ignored and as a result, local policies failed to grasp the inclusive perspective due to the dominance of the patriarchal mindset among policymakers and weak policy-influencing capacities of women, Dalits, and disadvantaged communities. The failure further resulted in continued subordination of women, Dalit, and disadvantaged people, reinforcing existing patterns of exclusion and disengagement.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75122950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The government of Nepal has committed to the equitable access of family planning devices/services free of cost; however, nearly a fifth of births are unintended, which ends in abortion. Since 2002, abortion has been legalised in Nepal, but many women are unaware of it. Different studies have shown positive relation between mass media and health related behaviour, its relation with abortion is yet to know. This study aims to investigate the effects of mass media for rising awareness of abortion law among women in Nepal. The study was conducted among 12,862 females of reproductive age group using the secondary data of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2016. The finding shows that women reading a newspaper at least once a week were more than two times aware of abortion law than those who did not read [COR = 2.31, CI = 2.01–2.67]. Similarly, regarding the age, women aged 35 or above and exposed to mass media [aOR = 1.26, CI = 1.11–1.43] were more likely to have been aware of abortion law compared to those aged less than 25 years. The study showed a significant role of mass media for rising awareness of abortion law, so, reproductive health program planners and policymakers should emphasise the role of mass media to increase awareness on legal aspects of abortion among women of Nepal
尼泊尔政府承诺公平地免费获得计划生育设备/服务;然而，近五分之一的分娩是意外的，最终以堕胎告终。自2002年以来，堕胎在尼泊尔已经合法化，但许多妇女并不知道这一点。不同的研究表明，大众传媒与健康相关行为之间存在正相关关系，但其与堕胎的关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查大众媒体对提高尼泊尔妇女堕胎法意识的影响。该研究使用2016年尼泊尔人口与健康调查(NDHS)的二手数据，对12862名育龄女性进行了研究。研究结果显示，每周至少读一次报纸的女性对堕胎法的了解程度是不读报纸的女性的两倍多[COR = 2.31, CI = 2.01-2.67]。同样，在年龄上，35岁及以上、接触大众传媒的女性[aOR = 1.26, CI = 1.11-1.43]对堕胎法的了解程度高于25岁以下的女性。该研究表明，大众媒体在提高对堕胎法的认识方面发挥了重要作用，因此，生殖健康方案的规划者和决策者应强调大众媒体的作用，以提高尼泊尔妇女对堕胎法律方面的认识
{"title":"Effect of Mass Media on Awareness of Abortion Law among Women in Nepal","authors":"K. Dhakal, Sudha Ghimire, R. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v37i1.48210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v37i1.48210","url":null,"abstract":" The government of Nepal has committed to the equitable access of family planning devices/services free of cost; however, nearly a fifth of births are unintended, which ends in abortion. Since 2002, abortion has been legalised in Nepal, but many women are unaware of it. Different studies have shown positive relation between mass media and health related behaviour, its relation with abortion is yet to know. This study aims to investigate the effects of mass media for rising awareness of abortion law among women in Nepal. The study was conducted among 12,862 females of reproductive age group using the secondary data of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2016. The finding shows that women reading a newspaper at least once a week were more than two times aware of abortion law than those who did not read [COR = 2.31, CI = 2.01–2.67]. Similarly, regarding the age, women aged 35 or above and exposed to mass media [aOR = 1.26, CI = 1.11–1.43] were more likely to have been aware of abortion law compared to those aged less than 25 years. The study showed a significant role of mass media for rising awareness of abortion law, so, reproductive health program planners and policymakers should emphasise the role of mass media to increase awareness on legal aspects of abortion among women of Nepal","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77426174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43624
B. Bhandari
The success of language teaching and learning depends on collaborative atmosphere between the teachers and students in the class. Collaborative learning is a learner centered approach for language teaching and learning. It engages learners to work collaboratively with teachers. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of collaborative learning for improving learners’ proficiency in English classrooms. The study was based on an experimental research design. For this purpose, I selected 50 students from grade 12 in the academic year of 2020.Among them 25 were selected for experimental group while 25 for control group as sample population of the study. Pre-test and post-test items related to writing proficiency were used as the tools for data collection. The study revealed that students of experimental group made better progress in improving writing skill than the students of control group in the post-test which confirmed the effectiveness of collaborative learning in teaching writing. Those who were engaged in free writing in collaboration with each other created better written texts than those who wrote writing texts individually by themselves. Besides, the students of experiment all group obtained 19.42 average score whereas the control group obtained 14.82 average score out of 25. Thus, collaborative learning contributes to improve students’ writing as it assisted them to produce the quality of their writing.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Collaborative Learning for Improving Learners’ Writing Proficiency in English Classrooms","authors":"B. Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43624","url":null,"abstract":"The success of language teaching and learning depends on collaborative atmosphere between the teachers and students in the class. Collaborative learning is a learner centered approach for language teaching and learning. It engages learners to work collaboratively with teachers. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of collaborative learning for improving learners’ proficiency in English classrooms. The study was based on an experimental research design. For this purpose, I selected 50 students from grade 12 in the academic year of 2020.Among them 25 were selected for experimental group while 25 for control group as sample population of the study. Pre-test and post-test items related to writing proficiency were used as the tools for data collection. The study revealed that students of experimental group made better progress in improving writing skill than the students of control group in the post-test which confirmed the effectiveness of collaborative learning in teaching writing. Those who were engaged in free writing in collaboration with each other created better written texts than those who wrote writing texts individually by themselves. Besides, the students of experiment all group obtained 19.42 average score whereas the control group obtained 14.82 average score out of 25. Thus, collaborative learning contributes to improve students’ writing as it assisted them to produce the quality of their writing.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76875104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43616
Raju Bhai Manandhar
Now-a-days, technology is changing with innovation and development to meet human needs and wants. It assists in communication and shares information with different categories of people and users. It has seen the usage of laptops is increasing these days. Moreover, caused by the quickly storing, shifting, and retrieving the information, consumers can use it to have pertinent information anytime, anywhere. The objective of this study is an impact of product design on purchase decision and to recognize the association between the gender and choice of product design with reference to laptop. The study has been adopted descriptive and causal research design. Primary data are main sources for the survey. The questionnaire survey was applied for collecting primary data. This study targeted the college level students as a sample unit. Two hundred respondents were selected from Kathmandu valley using a convenience sample. Mainly, independent t-test and regression have been adopted to analyze the data. It investigated that purchase decision was positively impacted by product design but gender has no impact on product design for choice of laptop.
{"title":"Impact of Product Design on Purchase Decision of Laptop among College Level Students","authors":"Raju Bhai Manandhar","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43616","url":null,"abstract":"Now-a-days, technology is changing with innovation and development to meet human needs and wants. It assists in communication and shares information with different categories of people and users. It has seen the usage of laptops is increasing these days. Moreover, caused by the quickly storing, shifting, and retrieving the information, consumers can use it to have pertinent information anytime, anywhere. The objective of this study is an impact of product design on purchase decision and to recognize the association between the gender and choice of product design with reference to laptop. The study has been adopted descriptive and causal research design. Primary data are main sources for the survey. The questionnaire survey was applied for collecting primary data. This study targeted the college level students as a sample unit. Two hundred respondents were selected from Kathmandu valley using a convenience sample. Mainly, independent t-test and regression have been adopted to analyze the data. It investigated that purchase decision was positively impacted by product design but gender has no impact on product design for choice of laptop.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81541418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43579
R. Karki
Safe motherhood is one of the key components of reproductive health and young women are notably concerned with the population of it in Nepal. This study attempts to analyze the factors associated with safe motherhood practices among young married women in five child marriage prevalence districts identified by UNFPA. The analysis uses data from research entitled “Situation Assessment of Child Marriage in Selected Five Intervention Districts of Nepal” conducted in 2017.It was confined to the women (N=239) who had at least one child. Bivariate analysis is used to identify the level of association between background characteristics and safe motherhood practices. The result showed nearly four in five (77.8%) women were married age at 15-19 years and more than three-fifth (61.1%) started to give birth. Regarding education, only 18 percent received the degree of SLC and above. Women who were engaged in marriage at below 15 have significantly fewer visits to the ANC in comparison to the women married at age 20-24 years. Women who have two or more children were significantly less likely to visit health institutions for delivery and PNC. The result indicates that adolescents face a high risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth due to biological immaturity and socio-economic factors.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Safe Motherhood Practices among Young Married Women","authors":"R. Karki","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43579","url":null,"abstract":"Safe motherhood is one of the key components of reproductive health and young women are notably concerned with the population of it in Nepal. This study attempts to analyze the factors associated with safe motherhood practices among young married women in five child marriage prevalence districts identified by UNFPA. The analysis uses data from research entitled “Situation Assessment of Child Marriage in Selected Five Intervention Districts of Nepal” conducted in 2017.It was confined to the women (N=239) who had at least one child. Bivariate analysis is used to identify the level of association between background characteristics and safe motherhood practices. The result showed nearly four in five (77.8%) women were married age at 15-19 years and more than three-fifth (61.1%) started to give birth. Regarding education, only 18 percent received the degree of SLC and above. Women who were engaged in marriage at below 15 have significantly fewer visits to the ANC in comparison to the women married at age 20-24 years. Women who have two or more children were significantly less likely to visit health institutions for delivery and PNC. The result indicates that adolescents face a high risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth due to biological immaturity and socio-economic factors.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84395022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43619
Purna Bahadur Kadel
This study attempts to investigate the understandings of pre-service teachers towards the importance of employability skills for being employed It also explores the main causes of the absence of the employability skills of graduate pre-service teachers at Tribhuvan University. I adopted narrative inquiry research design to carry out this study. Using quota sampling technique, four female and four male pre-service teachers were selected through purposive non-random sampling procedure to collect data. In-depth-interview was administered to them as a tool to collect data in this study. The findings of this study show that the pre-service teachers lack higher order thinking skills; there is absence of employability skills in the curriculum of M.Ed. and they lack the personal and social skills and adequate communicative skills. It is concluded that the pre-service teachers are not competent and confident enough to deliver their knowledge and skills to the students due to the lack of employability skills despite the fact that they are bright students in their subject matter.
{"title":"Understanding of Pre-Service Teachers’ Employability Skills at Tribhuvan University","authors":"Purna Bahadur Kadel","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43619","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to investigate the understandings of pre-service teachers towards the importance of employability skills for being employed It also explores the main causes of the absence of the employability skills of graduate pre-service teachers at Tribhuvan University. I adopted narrative inquiry research design to carry out this study. Using quota sampling technique, four female and four male pre-service teachers were selected through purposive non-random sampling procedure to collect data. In-depth-interview was administered to them as a tool to collect data in this study. The findings of this study show that the pre-service teachers lack higher order thinking skills; there is absence of employability skills in the curriculum of M.Ed. and they lack the personal and social skills and adequate communicative skills. It is concluded that the pre-service teachers are not competent and confident enough to deliver their knowledge and skills to the students due to the lack of employability skills despite the fact that they are bright students in their subject matter.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87856394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiran Pokhrel, Sulekha Sharma, Supriya Sharma, S. Adhikari, I. Dhakal, B. Devkota
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis among pigs of commercial farms in Chitwan district of Nepal. Methods: This cross sectional prospective study was conducted among 100 pigs of commercial farms located in western region of Chitwan district of Nepal. Blood sample was collected from each pig by the trained veterinarians and serum was extracted. Each serum sample was processed for Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and ELISA for the detection of Brucella spp. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0 and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Prevalence of brucellosis in pigs was found to be 15% (15/100) by RBPT and 10% (10/100) by ELISA. There was statistically insignificant difference (p=0.98) in gender wise prevalence of brucellosis among pigs. Younger pigs below one year of age were more susceptible to brucellosis than the older pigs. Landrace breed showed more positive test results compared to other breeds. Conclusion: Pigs can be the potential source of transmission of brucellosis to humans. Considering the high economic loss on livestock sector and possible transmission to humans, awareness program and appropriate control strategies is warranted. Breed and age factors should be considered while adopting the control measures of brucellosis among pigs.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Brucellosis among Pigs of Commercial Farms in Chitwan District of Nepal","authors":"Kiran Pokhrel, Sulekha Sharma, Supriya Sharma, S. Adhikari, I. Dhakal, B. Devkota","doi":"10.3126/tujm.v8i1.41202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v8i1.41202","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis among pigs of commercial farms in Chitwan district of Nepal.\u0000Methods: This cross sectional prospective study was conducted among 100 pigs of commercial farms located in western region of Chitwan district of Nepal. Blood sample was collected from each pig by the trained veterinarians and serum was extracted. Each serum sample was processed for Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and ELISA for the detection of Brucella spp. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0 and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.\u0000Results: Prevalence of brucellosis in pigs was found to be 15% (15/100) by RBPT and 10% (10/100) by ELISA. There was statistically insignificant difference (p=0.98) in gender wise prevalence of brucellosis among pigs. Younger pigs below one year of age were more susceptible to brucellosis than the older pigs. Landrace breed showed more positive test results compared to other breeds.\u0000Conclusion: Pigs can be the potential source of transmission of brucellosis to humans. Considering the high economic loss on livestock sector and possible transmission to humans, awareness program and appropriate control strategies is warranted. Breed and age factors should be considered while adopting the control measures of brucellosis among pigs.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91022081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43587
Kishor Hakuduwal
This paper aims to investigate the impact of bank specific factors unprofitability of Nepalese commercial banks. Total assets, total deposit, total loan and advance and total equity are taken as independent variables and return on assets is taken as dependent variable. The study is based on pooled least square method. The seven years’ panel data from 2012 to 2018 is taken for the study. Taking 112 observations from sixteen commercial banks, the regression result, F-test and t-test are used for analysis. The study found that the total assets and total loan and advance have positive significant impact on profitability of Nepalese commercial banks. The study also revealed that the total equity has not significant impact and deposit has negative significant impact on profitability of commercial banks in Nepal. The study has important implications for the policy makers of Nepalese commercial banks to utilize their assets, loans, deposits properly and equity for sound profitability.
{"title":"Impact of Bank Specific Factors on Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks","authors":"Kishor Hakuduwal","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43587","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the impact of bank specific factors unprofitability of Nepalese commercial banks. Total assets, total deposit, total loan and advance and total equity are taken as independent variables and return on assets is taken as dependent variable. The study is based on pooled least square method. The seven years’ panel data from 2012 to 2018 is taken for the study. Taking 112 observations from sixteen commercial banks, the regression result, F-test and t-test are used for analysis. The study found that the total assets and total loan and advance have positive significant impact on profitability of Nepalese commercial banks. The study also revealed that the total equity has not significant impact and deposit has negative significant impact on profitability of commercial banks in Nepal. The study has important implications for the policy makers of Nepalese commercial banks to utilize their assets, loans, deposits properly and equity for sound profitability.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76570195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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