Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56219
सुमन्त Sumanta घिमिरे Ghimire
वर्णव्यवस्था हिन्दु उपमहाद्वीपको चारवर्ण (ब्राह्मण, क्षेत्री, बैश्य, शूद्र) सँग सम्बन्धित छ । यस अध्ययनमा नेपालका खस आर्य, नेवार र मैथिली गरी तीन साँस्कृतिक/भौगोलिक समुदायमा वर्ण व्यवस्था कसरी विस्तार भएको छ भनी व्याख्या गरिएको छ । यो अध्ययन पुस्तकालय विधिबाट गरिएको छ । पुस्तकालयमा उपलब्ध लेख रचनाको विषयवस्तुलाई यस अध्ययनको तथ्याङ्कको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसरी अध्ययन गर्दा समाजशास्त्रीय दृष्टिले जातीय व्यवस्था, परम्रागत रूपमा स्थापित नभई खास ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भमा यसको थालनी भएको र त्यसका खास कारणहरू रहेको देखिन्छ । सोही आधारमा वर्णव्यवस्था स्थापित हुँदै आएको छ भन्ने कुराको व्याख्या गरिएको छ । वर्ण तथा जातजातिका विसङ्गति जहाँबाट जताबाट पसे पनि समाजमा यसको प्रभाव कम भएको अनुभूति हुन्छ । सामाजिक विकाशको नियमित प्रक्रियामा जन्ममा आधारित जात व्यवस्थाका तमाम दुर्गुण हिजो भन्दा आज निकै कम भएका छन् ।
{"title":"नेपालको सन्दर्भमा वर्णव्यवस्थाको समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण","authors":"सुमन्त Sumanta घिमिरे Ghimire","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56219","url":null,"abstract":"वर्णव्यवस्था हिन्दु उपमहाद्वीपको चारवर्ण (ब्राह्मण, क्षेत्री, बैश्य, शूद्र) सँग सम्बन्धित छ । यस अध्ययनमा नेपालका खस आर्य, नेवार र मैथिली गरी तीन साँस्कृतिक/भौगोलिक समुदायमा वर्ण व्यवस्था कसरी विस्तार भएको छ भनी व्याख्या गरिएको छ । यो अध्ययन पुस्तकालय विधिबाट गरिएको छ । पुस्तकालयमा उपलब्ध लेख रचनाको विषयवस्तुलाई यस अध्ययनको तथ्याङ्कको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसरी अध्ययन गर्दा समाजशास्त्रीय दृष्टिले जातीय व्यवस्था, परम्रागत रूपमा स्थापित नभई खास ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भमा यसको थालनी भएको र त्यसका खास कारणहरू रहेको देखिन्छ । सोही आधारमा वर्णव्यवस्था स्थापित हुँदै आएको छ भन्ने कुराको व्याख्या गरिएको छ । वर्ण तथा जातजातिका विसङ्गति जहाँबाट जताबाट पसे पनि समाजमा यसको प्रभाव कम भएको अनुभूति हुन्छ । सामाजिक विकाशको नियमित प्रक्रियामा जन्ममा आधारित जात व्यवस्थाका तमाम दुर्गुण हिजो भन्दा आज निकै कम भएका छन् ।","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89183875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56208
Jib Nath Timsina
This paper analyzes Nepali Secondary Level Curriculum to identify the spaces of English from 1990 BS to 2079 using descriptive approach. The information was collected using observation check list with the weekly/annual weight age, full marks and credit hours of English. The findings reveal that there ions systematic way of inclusion of English with its weight age and full marks which is found gradually decreasing as compared to the past. The study also shows the space of English was strong at the beginning of the curriculum (1990 BS) till 2028BS in which 200 marks for compulsory English papers were included in the SLC (Secondary) curriculum. The weight age of English is being reduced from 12, 7, 5, 4 period weight age weekly. Currently, the secondary curriculum incorporates agrading system and credit hours since 2016 in SEE. In grade 9-10, students are required to complete 160 annual hours of compulsory English, which carries a weight of 5 credit hours. Additionally, students have the option to take 128 annual working hours of optional English, which carries a weight of 4 credit hours. In grades 11 and 12, compulsory English carries a weight of four credit hours and requires 128 annual working hours, which is comparatively lower than other subjects. However, general subjects such as Shanskrit, Gonpa, and Madarsha offer optional English, which consists of five credit hours and 160 annual working hours.
{"title":"Teaching English in Nepal and its Space in Secondary Level Curriculum","authors":"Jib Nath Timsina","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56208","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes Nepali Secondary Level Curriculum to identify the spaces of English from 1990 BS to 2079 using descriptive approach. The information was collected using observation check list with the weekly/annual weight age, full marks and credit hours of English. The findings reveal that there ions systematic way of inclusion of English with its weight age and full marks which is found gradually decreasing as compared to the past. The study also shows the space of English was strong at the beginning of the curriculum (1990 BS) till 2028BS in which 200 marks for compulsory English papers were included in the SLC (Secondary) curriculum. The weight age of English is being reduced from 12, 7, 5, 4 period weight age weekly. Currently, the secondary curriculum incorporates agrading system and credit hours since 2016 in SEE. In grade 9-10, students are required to complete 160 annual hours of compulsory English, which carries a weight of 5 credit hours. Additionally, students have the option to take 128 annual working hours of optional English, which carries a weight of 4 credit hours. In grades 11 and 12, compulsory English carries a weight of four credit hours and requires 128 annual working hours, which is comparatively lower than other subjects. However, general subjects such as Shanskrit, Gonpa, and Madarsha offer optional English, which consists of five credit hours and 160 annual working hours.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89889368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56216
रजनी Rajani ढकाल Dhakal
प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा पर्यावरणीय चेतना भएका केही उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धलाई पाठका रूपमा लिई तिनमा प्रयुक्त पर्यावरणीय चेतनाका विभिन्न आयामहरूको विश्लेषण गरी उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा अभिव्यक्त पर्यावरणीय चेतनाको निरूपण गरिएको छ । यस लेखको उद्देश्य प्रकृति र मानव तथा जीवजगत् बिचको अन्तर्सम्बन्धलाई चित्रण गरिएका उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा अभिव्यक्त पर्यावरणीय चेतनाको स्वपरूप पहिल्याउनु हो । यस अध्ययनमा उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा मानव र प्रकृतिको आत्मीय सम्बन्ध, पर्यावरणीय गहनताको चित्रण, पर्यावरणीय नारीवादी चेतनाको प्रस्तुति, जनजाति र पर्यावरणका बीचको तादात्म्य तथा ग्राम्य र अप्रदूषित प्रकृतिको संवेदनशील चित्रण गरिएको भन्ने विचार पर्यावरणीय मान्यताका आधारमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यस अनुसन्धानमा सोद्देश्य नमुना छनोट पद्धतिबाट पाठगत तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरी निबन्धको विश्लेषणका लागि पर्यावरणीय समालोचनाका आधारभूत मान्यतालाई सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका रूपमा अवलम्बन गरी निबन्धको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा गहन पर्यावरण, पर्यावरणीय नारीवाद, जनजातीय पर्यावरणका मान्यतालाई विश्लेषणको ढाँचाका रूपमा उपयोग गरी बाइस वटा उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा वातावरणीय विनाशको चिन्ताका साथै सामाजिक पहिचान र लैङ्गिक सन्दर्भबाट आउने जनजातीय र नारीवादी पर्यावरणीय सौन्दर्य चेतनाका दृष्टिले पनि उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्ध सबल रहेको तथा पर्यावरणप्रतिको सचेतता सघन रूपमा रहेको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
{"title":"उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा पर्यावरणीय चेतना","authors":"रजनी Rajani ढकाल Dhakal","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56216","url":null,"abstract":"प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा पर्यावरणीय चेतना भएका केही उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धलाई पाठका रूपमा लिई तिनमा प्रयुक्त पर्यावरणीय चेतनाका विभिन्न आयामहरूको विश्लेषण गरी उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा अभिव्यक्त पर्यावरणीय चेतनाको निरूपण गरिएको छ । यस लेखको उद्देश्य प्रकृति र मानव तथा जीवजगत् बिचको अन्तर्सम्बन्धलाई चित्रण गरिएका उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा अभिव्यक्त पर्यावरणीय चेतनाको स्वपरूप पहिल्याउनु हो । यस अध्ययनमा उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा मानव र प्रकृतिको आत्मीय सम्बन्ध, पर्यावरणीय गहनताको चित्रण, पर्यावरणीय नारीवादी चेतनाको प्रस्तुति, जनजाति र पर्यावरणका बीचको तादात्म्य तथा ग्राम्य र अप्रदूषित प्रकृतिको संवेदनशील चित्रण गरिएको भन्ने विचार पर्यावरणीय मान्यताका आधारमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यस अनुसन्धानमा सोद्देश्य नमुना छनोट पद्धतिबाट पाठगत तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरी निबन्धको विश्लेषणका लागि पर्यावरणीय समालोचनाका आधारभूत मान्यतालाई सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका रूपमा अवलम्बन गरी निबन्धको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा गहन पर्यावरण, पर्यावरणीय नारीवाद, जनजातीय पर्यावरणका मान्यतालाई विश्लेषणको ढाँचाका रूपमा उपयोग गरी बाइस वटा उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्धमा वातावरणीय विनाशको चिन्ताका साथै सामाजिक पहिचान र लैङ्गिक सन्दर्भबाट आउने जनजातीय र नारीवादी पर्यावरणीय सौन्दर्य चेतनाका दृष्टिले पनि उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली निबन्ध सबल रहेको तथा पर्यावरणप्रतिको सचेतता सघन रूपमा रहेको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86353169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56141
B. Joshi
The internet and other digital technologies, which provide students access to a prosperity of knowledge and allow them to explore their interests and learn at their own pace, will enable them to do both. The teaching and learning process has grown more effective and meaningful due to ICT's ability to support self-paced learning through various instruments, including assignments, computers, and other devices. Examining the digital divide between economics class 12 students in public and private schools based on access is the main objective of this study. This study used a cross-sectional quantitative survey as its sole data collection method. The researcher used a simple random selection procedure to select 125 respondents from the population as a sample. This study found that private school students have better access than community schools in terms of material access to ICT in school. By giving ICT access in the classroom and persuading parents that it is a fundamental necessity, schools (public and private) can develop highly ICT smartness students in Nepalese.
{"title":"Digital Access among Economics Students: In Terms of Material Access","authors":"B. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56141","url":null,"abstract":"The internet and other digital technologies, which provide students access to a prosperity of knowledge and allow them to explore their interests and learn at their own pace, will enable them to do both. The teaching and learning process has grown more effective and meaningful due to ICT's ability to support self-paced learning through various instruments, including assignments, computers, and other devices. Examining the digital divide between economics class 12 students in public and private schools based on access is the main objective of this study. This study used a cross-sectional quantitative survey as its sole data collection method. The researcher used a simple random selection procedure to select 125 respondents from the population as a sample. This study found that private school students have better access than community schools in terms of material access to ICT in school. By giving ICT access in the classroom and persuading parents that it is a fundamental necessity, schools (public and private) can develop highly ICT smartness students in Nepalese.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75548853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56213
Ganesh Pd. Niraula, Shreekrishna Kharel
The purpose of this study is to determine how employee engagement in Nepalese development banks is affected by human resource development. The study’s independent variables include employee training, personal development, career development, and professional development. The dependent variable in the study is employee engagement. The research design is descriptive research design. The population of the study consisted of 18 development banks, and a simple random sample technique was used to select the employees of 7 development banks at random basis. Data collected using a standardized questionnaire on Likert Scale with1 signifying a strong agreement and 5 a strong disagreement. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis are used to analyze the data. Cronbach's Alpha has been used to test for reliability. Reliability is acceptable with a Chronbach's Alpha rating of 0.71 on an average. The study concludes that employee training facilities and personal development have a favorable and significant relationship with employee engagement; career development has a negligible and insignificant impact on employee engagement. Professional development has a negligible yet significant impact on employee engagement.
{"title":"Human Resource Development and Employee Engagement in Nepalese Development Banks","authors":"Ganesh Pd. Niraula, Shreekrishna Kharel","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56213","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine how employee engagement in Nepalese development banks is affected by human resource development. The study’s independent variables include employee training, personal development, career development, and professional development. The dependent variable in the study is employee engagement. The research design is descriptive research design. The population of the study consisted of 18 development banks, and a simple random sample technique was used to select the employees of 7 development banks at random basis. Data collected using a standardized questionnaire on Likert Scale with1 signifying a strong agreement and 5 a strong disagreement. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis are used to analyze the data. Cronbach's Alpha has been used to test for reliability. Reliability is acceptable with a Chronbach's Alpha rating of 0.71 on an average. The study concludes that employee training facilities and personal development have a favorable and significant relationship with employee engagement; career development has a negligible and insignificant impact on employee engagement. Professional development has a negligible yet significant impact on employee engagement.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82288983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56139
Dinesh Binadi, S. Jha, R. Pant, L. Thapa
Root exudates play a significant role in influencing the rhizosphere microbes. Fungi are an important group of microbes that are influenced by plant root exudates. As invasive alien plant species secretes several allelochemicals and impact soil microbes, this study compared the fungal community in one of the invasive weeds Ageratina adenophora with native species (Rubus ellipticus, Shorea robusta and Imperata cylindrica) in far-western Nepal. The rhizosphere soil was sampled by uprooting respective plants, and the soils were cultured using Czapek Dox Agar and PDA media. A total of 49 fungal species were identified from the plant rhizospheres. A. adenophora altered the species richness, occurrence and frequency of fungi in soil. The pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger, Myrothecium sp., Phoma sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Pythium oligandrum, Verticillium spp. were the most frequently occurring rhizosphere fungi in all plants and they showed their host specificity in the rhzosphere. The fungi species such as Paecilomyces lilacinus, Aspergillus flavus, Myrothecium sp., Penicillium citrinum, P. chrysogenum, Rhizoctonia sp., Mucor circinelloides, Hypocrea sp., Trichoderma hypoxylon, T. sparsum, Gliocladium sp., Hypomyces sp., Aspergillus niger and M. circinelloides were common in all native plants. Even minor variations in the physicochemical properties of soil can change the presence of fungal species in the root zone, as indicated by the analysis of soil chemicals.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Rhizosphere Fungi in Ageratina Adenophora and Associated Native Species in Far-Western Nepal","authors":"Dinesh Binadi, S. Jha, R. Pant, L. Thapa","doi":"10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v38i01.56139","url":null,"abstract":"Root exudates play a significant role in influencing the rhizosphere microbes. Fungi are an important group of microbes that are influenced by plant root exudates. As invasive alien plant species secretes several allelochemicals and impact soil microbes, this study compared the fungal community in one of the invasive weeds Ageratina adenophora with native species (Rubus ellipticus, Shorea robusta and Imperata cylindrica) in far-western Nepal. The rhizosphere soil was sampled by uprooting respective plants, and the soils were cultured using Czapek Dox Agar and PDA media. A total of 49 fungal species were identified from the plant rhizospheres. A. adenophora altered the species richness, occurrence and frequency of fungi in soil. The pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger, Myrothecium sp., Phoma sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Pythium oligandrum, Verticillium spp. were the most frequently occurring rhizosphere fungi in all plants and they showed their host specificity in the rhzosphere. The fungi species such as Paecilomyces lilacinus, Aspergillus flavus, Myrothecium sp., Penicillium citrinum, P. chrysogenum, Rhizoctonia sp., Mucor circinelloides, Hypocrea sp., Trichoderma hypoxylon, T. sparsum, Gliocladium sp., Hypomyces sp., Aspergillus niger and M. circinelloides were common in all native plants. Even minor variations in the physicochemical properties of soil can change the presence of fungal species in the root zone, as indicated by the analysis of soil chemicals.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89461667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53519
Toyanath Belbase, Rupa Gaire
This study assessed the pesticide use practice and its health effect among the farmers of Baganaskali Rural Municipality-5 Darlamdanda, Palpa. A total of 64 respondents was selected as a sample population and data was collected through semi- structured interviews and observation. During the study, 26 types of pesticides were documented among them insecticide was the most dominant (15) followed by fungicide (6), herbicide (2), rodenticide (1) and bactericide (1). Nuvan, malathion and bullet were the most commonly used pesticides which were commonly used to control pest and to increase the yield. More than 90% farmers were suffered from pesticide related health signs and symptoms after the application of pesticide. Headache (84.38%), skin irritation (79.69%), eye problem (69.17%), muscular pain (60.94%) and dizziness (50%) were the most common health problems. Majority (95.31%) of farmers used safety measures but among them only (3.13%) farmers used whole body covering PPE. Trousers (92.19%), full sleeved clothes (82.83%) and mask (75%) were the most commonly used PPEs. Only 28.13% of farmers were participated in pesticide related training. The status of pesticide storage, handling and disposal was not found satisfactory. The farmers were in need of special attention in terms of taking safety precautions, pesticide storage, safe handling and disposal. It is recommended that the trainings regarding the use of pesticide, safe handling and use of personal protective equipment’s should be conducted with more ecofriendly farming system to raise the awareness among farmers.
{"title":"Use and Effects of Pesticides in Bagnaskali Rural Municipality-5, Darlamdanda, Palpa","authors":"Toyanath Belbase, Rupa Gaire","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53519","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the pesticide use practice and its health effect among the farmers of Baganaskali Rural Municipality-5 Darlamdanda, Palpa. A total of 64 respondents was selected as a sample population and data was collected through semi- structured interviews and observation. During the study, 26 types of pesticides were documented among them insecticide was the most dominant (15) followed by fungicide (6), herbicide (2), rodenticide (1) and bactericide (1). Nuvan, malathion and bullet were the most commonly used pesticides which were commonly used to control pest and to increase the yield. More than 90% farmers were suffered from pesticide related health signs and symptoms after the application of pesticide. Headache (84.38%), skin irritation (79.69%), eye problem (69.17%), muscular pain (60.94%) and dizziness (50%) were the most common health problems. Majority (95.31%) of farmers used safety measures but among them only (3.13%) farmers used whole body covering PPE. Trousers (92.19%), full sleeved clothes (82.83%) and mask (75%) were the most commonly used PPEs. Only 28.13% of farmers were participated in pesticide related training. The status of pesticide storage, handling and disposal was not found satisfactory. The farmers were in need of special attention in terms of taking safety precautions, pesticide storage, safe handling and disposal. It is recommended that the trainings regarding the use of pesticide, safe handling and use of personal protective equipment’s should be conducted with more ecofriendly farming system to raise the awareness among farmers.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85164288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53515
Raju Parajuli
With the picture of personal struggle to overcome the patriarchal society, Alice Walker has concentrated on the empowerment of female values for the establishment and preservation of social and individual female identity in Meridian. Portrayed as a poor, uneducated, and a black girl, Meridian faces social and culturally harsh treatment and black males have behaved her as a toy resulting in double patriarchy. Her attachment with the Civil Rights Movement has brought a transformation and realization within her, which has ultimately enabled her to exist and revolt against male hegemony. Following the feminism as its theoretical tool, this research examines on how a neglected, uneducated poor black girl Meridian transfers herself into an independent woman having her own identity with representative character of an empowered woman. This article tries to examine how Walker has empowered females in the novel, Meridian.
{"title":"Walker Empowering Women in Meridian","authors":"Raju Parajuli","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53515","url":null,"abstract":"With the picture of personal struggle to overcome the patriarchal society, Alice Walker has concentrated on the empowerment of female values for the establishment and preservation of social and individual female identity in Meridian. Portrayed as a poor, uneducated, and a black girl, Meridian faces social and culturally harsh treatment and black males have behaved her as a toy resulting in double patriarchy. Her attachment with the Civil Rights Movement has brought a transformation and realization within her, which has ultimately enabled her to exist and revolt against male hegemony. Following the feminism as its theoretical tool, this research examines on how a neglected, uneducated poor black girl Meridian transfers herself into an independent woman having her own identity with representative character of an empowered woman. This article tries to examine how Walker has empowered females in the novel, Meridian.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82257694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53497
Devendra Khadka, Krishna Pathak
Vitamin C plays an important role in metabolism and is found in many fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to estimate the total vitamin C content of some fruits and vegetables available in Tansen, Palpa, Nepal using the spectrophotometric method. In this method, ascorbic acid was oxidised to dehydroascorbic acidat 37°C with bromine water in a solution of acetic acid, which was coupled with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). This solution produced a red-coloured complex with 85% H2SO4. The absorbance of that complex was determined at 530 nm. Fifteen samples of fruits and vegetables (lemon, grapes, orange, tomato, banana, pomegranate, sugarcane, carrot, apple, cucumber, potato, cauliflower, cabbage, sweetlime, and pomelo) were collected from the local market of Tansen to determine vitamin C content. Among fruits, vitamin C content was maximum in lemon (76.122 ppm) and minimum in cucumber (17.90 ppm), whereas, in vegetables, it was maximum in potato (26.107 ppm) and minimum in cabbage (13.106 ppm). The values of vitamin C content in different samples of fruits and vegetables were compared with the available literature values. This study has contributed to understanding the concentration of vitamin C in various fruits and vegetables.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Vitamin C Content in Different Fruits and Vegetables Consumed in Tansen, Palpa","authors":"Devendra Khadka, Krishna Pathak","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53497","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin C plays an important role in metabolism and is found in many fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to estimate the total vitamin C content of some fruits and vegetables available in Tansen, Palpa, Nepal using the spectrophotometric method. In this method, ascorbic acid was oxidised to dehydroascorbic acidat 37°C with bromine water in a solution of acetic acid, which was coupled with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). This solution produced a red-coloured complex with 85% H2SO4. The absorbance of that complex was determined at 530 nm. Fifteen samples of fruits and vegetables (lemon, grapes, orange, tomato, banana, pomegranate, sugarcane, carrot, apple, cucumber, potato, cauliflower, cabbage, sweetlime, and pomelo) were collected from the local market of Tansen to determine vitamin C content. Among fruits, vitamin C content was maximum in lemon (76.122 ppm) and minimum in cucumber (17.90 ppm), whereas, in vegetables, it was maximum in potato (26.107 ppm) and minimum in cabbage (13.106 ppm). The values of vitamin C content in different samples of fruits and vegetables were compared with the available literature values. This study has contributed to understanding the concentration of vitamin C in various fruits and vegetables.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84898711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53501
Pit Bahadur Nepali, S. Shrestha, H. B. Rana
In rural areas of underdeveloped countries, the parasitic infestation is a major public health issue for children and the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of parasite infestations and risk variables related to Palpa parasitic infestations. The population sample was selected from the Tansen area's usual population, as determined by randomized cluster sampling. A total of 700 samples were collected, with 280 persons from urban regions and 420 from rural areas, for a total of 100 people from various categories in each health center. Data were collected for each person based on their age, gender, and place of residence (urban or rural), as well as through a semi-structured questionnaire and a personal interview. Each health center's laboratory technician team conducted the microscopic investigation of samples (blood, urine, and feces). Five protozoal and six helminth parasites were found among the 11 parasites, with eight kinds of gastrointestinal parasites and three species of blood parasites. The most frequent parasites were discovered to be Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Ascaris lumbricoides. Females and those who live in rural areas are more likely to be parasite-infested. Prevalence was highest among children under the age of 15 and the elderly. Administrators, health experts, and the community need to approve improvements in the living environment and cleaning practices to break the transmission cycle of parasitic illnesses, health education, and community approval.
{"title":"Prevalence of Protozoan and Helminths Parasitic Infection in Palpa, Nepal","authors":"Pit Bahadur Nepali, S. Shrestha, H. B. Rana","doi":"10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/tribj.v1i1.53501","url":null,"abstract":"In rural areas of underdeveloped countries, the parasitic infestation is a major public health issue for children and the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of parasite infestations and risk variables related to Palpa parasitic infestations. The population sample was selected from the Tansen area's usual population, as determined by randomized cluster sampling. A total of 700 samples were collected, with 280 persons from urban regions and 420 from rural areas, for a total of 100 people from various categories in each health center. Data were collected for each person based on their age, gender, and place of residence (urban or rural), as well as through a semi-structured questionnaire and a personal interview. Each health center's laboratory technician team conducted the microscopic investigation of samples (blood, urine, and feces). Five protozoal and six helminth parasites were found among the 11 parasites, with eight kinds of gastrointestinal parasites and three species of blood parasites. The most frequent parasites were discovered to be Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Ascaris lumbricoides. Females and those who live in rural areas are more likely to be parasite-infested. Prevalence was highest among children under the age of 15 and the elderly. Administrators, health experts, and the community need to approve improvements in the living environment and cleaning practices to break the transmission cycle of parasitic illnesses, health education, and community approval.","PeriodicalId":23254,"journal":{"name":"Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81963214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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