Pub Date : 2015-09-23DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N2A07
Misael Cortes Rodríguez, G. Sandoval, H. J. C. Velásquez
Background: In Colombia, the Cape gooseberry fruit (Physalis peruviana) is identified as a promising export fruit, so improving its processing is contributing to greater competitiveness of the chain. Objectives: The aim of this study was to optimize suspension of cape gooseberry pulp mixed with gum arabic (GA) and maltodextrin (MD) with the purpose of being used in spray drying. Methods: The optimization was performed using a central composite design with response surface of two factors (MD and GA) and response variables (density, ° Brix, water activity (aw), pH, and rheological parameters). Results: The rheological characterization of the suspensions showed a shear thinning behavior with yield stress (Herschel-Bulkley Model). The results indicated that best suspension to be used in spray drying would be formulated with MD (24%) and GA (0%) showing a rheological response of Herschel-Bulkley fluid with consistency index (K=0.119±0.017 Pa-sn), power index (n=0.75±0.03) and yield stress (τo=0,092±0,069 Pa). To the optimized condition, the results for the physicochemical properties were density (1.167 ± 0.005 g/mL), °Brix (35.5±0.5), aw (0.974±0.002). Additionally, the pH and τo of Herschel Bulkley model was not statistically significant (p>0.05) in the suspension formulation. Conclusions: The experimental optimization is an important tool that allowed us to obtain a formulation of gooseberry with MD and GA suitable for spray drying, representing a saving in time and money for research and industry.
{"title":"Experimental optimization of cape gooseberry pulp (Physalis peruviana) formulation to improve its processing by spray drying","authors":"Misael Cortes Rodríguez, G. Sandoval, H. J. C. Velásquez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N2A07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N2A07","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Colombia, the Cape gooseberry fruit (Physalis peruviana) is identified as a promising export fruit, so improving its processing is contributing to greater competitiveness of the chain. Objectives: The aim of this study was to optimize suspension of cape gooseberry pulp mixed with gum arabic (GA) and maltodextrin (MD) with the purpose of being used in spray drying. Methods: The optimization was performed using a central composite design with response surface of two factors (MD and GA) and response variables (density, ° Brix, water activity (aw), pH, and rheological parameters). Results: The rheological characterization of the suspensions showed a shear thinning behavior with yield stress (Herschel-Bulkley Model). The results indicated that best suspension to be used in spray drying would be formulated with MD (24%) and GA (0%) showing a rheological response of Herschel-Bulkley fluid with consistency index (K=0.119±0.017 Pa-sn), power index (n=0.75±0.03) and yield stress (τo=0,092±0,069 Pa). To the optimized condition, the results for the physicochemical properties were density (1.167 ± 0.005 g/mL), °Brix (35.5±0.5), aw (0.974±0.002). Additionally, the pH and τo of Herschel Bulkley model was not statistically significant (p>0.05) in the suspension formulation. Conclusions: The experimental optimization is an important tool that allowed us to obtain a formulation of gooseberry with MD and GA suitable for spray drying, representing a saving in time and money for research and industry.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"45 1","pages":"130-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77575401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-23DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N2A04
D. Rodríguez, Elizabeth Giraldo Lopera, Diego Alonso Restrepo Molina
Antecedentes: La carne de pollo mecanicamente deshuesada (CMD) o pasta de pollo es uno de los ingredientes principales utilizado en la industria carnica para aportar proteina en la formulacion de embutidos, normalmente se importa, pero se busca obtener extensores de esta materia prima con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo de la industria nacional. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la mejor mezcla entre fibra, cuero y carragenina, mediante la evaluacion de las propiedades microbiologicas, bromatologicas, reologicas y sensoriales de un salchichon tipo estandar fabricado con pasta de pollo y un extensor que reemplaza un 35% y 50% de esta en la formulacion de la matriz carnica. Metodos: Se realizo un diseno experimental que contemplo la combinacion de tres extensores en diez puntos de mezcla, cada uno compuesto por fibra, cuero de cerdo y carragenina respectivamente. Se llevo a cabo la experimentacion para niveles de reemplazo de un 35% y 50%, cada uno de los salchichones fue sometido a evaluacion de Analisis de Perfil de Textura (TPA), elasticidad y firmeza en el campo instrumental y el respectivo analisis sensorial. Resultados: La dureza y la masticabilidad en el analisis instrumental de textura disminuyeron con la aplicacion de los extensores, sin embargo no hay diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre la aplicacion de los tres extensores para la dureza. Respecto al analisis sensorial se encontro que la mezcla entre fibra y cuero de cerdo favorece las propiedades sensoriales, adicionalmente una interaccion entre fibra y cuero de cerdo mejoro la masticabilidad, la elasticidad aumento en los salchichones extendidos y una interaccion entre los tres extensores para un reemplazo de 35% aumenta la elasticidad con respecto al testigo. La firmeza, a un reemplazo del 35%, disminuye para cualquier salchichon extendido, pero se encontro una posible interaccion de los tres extensores, caso contrario para un reemplazo del 50%. Conclusion: Segun el analisis instrumental de textura, para reemplazos del 35% y 50%, no se encontro una mezcla que exhibiera comportamientos similares al de la pasta de pollo en un salchichon estandar. Sin embargo de acuerdo a los resultados sensoriales una combinacion entre fibra y cuero de cerdo da como resultado salchichones extendidos con aceptabilidad entre los consumidores.
{"title":"Evaluación sensorial e instrumental de textura de salchichones tipo estándar que contienen un extensor cárnico de pasta de pollo","authors":"D. Rodríguez, Elizabeth Giraldo Lopera, Diego Alonso Restrepo Molina","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N2A04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N2A04","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: La carne de pollo mecanicamente deshuesada (CMD) o pasta de pollo es uno de los ingredientes principales utilizado en la industria carnica para aportar proteina en la formulacion de embutidos, normalmente se importa, pero se busca obtener extensores de esta materia prima con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo de la industria nacional. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la mejor mezcla entre fibra, cuero y carragenina, mediante la evaluacion de las propiedades microbiologicas, bromatologicas, reologicas y sensoriales de un salchichon tipo estandar fabricado con pasta de pollo y un extensor que reemplaza un 35% y 50% de esta en la formulacion de la matriz carnica. Metodos: Se realizo un diseno experimental que contemplo la combinacion de tres extensores en diez puntos de mezcla, cada uno compuesto por fibra, cuero de cerdo y carragenina respectivamente. Se llevo a cabo la experimentacion para niveles de reemplazo de un 35% y 50%, cada uno de los salchichones fue sometido a evaluacion de Analisis de Perfil de Textura (TPA), elasticidad y firmeza en el campo instrumental y el respectivo analisis sensorial. Resultados: La dureza y la masticabilidad en el analisis instrumental de textura disminuyeron con la aplicacion de los extensores, sin embargo no hay diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre la aplicacion de los tres extensores para la dureza. Respecto al analisis sensorial se encontro que la mezcla entre fibra y cuero de cerdo favorece las propiedades sensoriales, adicionalmente una interaccion entre fibra y cuero de cerdo mejoro la masticabilidad, la elasticidad aumento en los salchichones extendidos y una interaccion entre los tres extensores para un reemplazo de 35% aumenta la elasticidad con respecto al testigo. La firmeza, a un reemplazo del 35%, disminuye para cualquier salchichon extendido, pero se encontro una posible interaccion de los tres extensores, caso contrario para un reemplazo del 50%. Conclusion: Segun el analisis instrumental de textura, para reemplazos del 35% y 50%, no se encontro una mezcla que exhibiera comportamientos similares al de la pasta de pollo en un salchichon estandar. Sin embargo de acuerdo a los resultados sensoriales una combinacion entre fibra y cuero de cerdo da como resultado salchichones extendidos con aceptabilidad entre los consumidores.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"281 1","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80159349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-28DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A05
Mónica Condinho, F. Fernandez‐Llimos, I. Figueiredo, C. Sinogas
Antecedentes: Segun la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud, el tabaco es una de las mayores amenazas del mundo, siendo urgente promover el abandono tabaquico. La efectividad de las intervenciones farmaceuticas en cesacion tabaquica ha sido documentada en la literatura, pero no en Portugal. Objetivo: Comunicar los resultados preliminares de un estudio para evaluar la efectividad de un programa de cesacion tabaquica desarrollado en farmacias comunitarias portuguesas usando un regimen de out-sourcing. Metodos: En el ambito de un programa de atencion farmaceutica implantado en siete farmacias por un farmaceutico externalizado, se desarrollo una consulta de cesacion tabaquica siguiendo las recomendaciones e instrumentos de la Direccion General de Salud de Portugal. Se identifico a los fumadores y el personal de la farmacia durante sus actividades rutinarias les invito a unirse al programa. Los que aceptaban firmaban un consentimiento informado. Mediante consultas presenciales y telefonicas y a traves de un abordaje global del paciente, se definieron en acuerdo con el paciente planes personalizados de abandono del tabaquismo. La efectividad del servicio se midio mediante las tasas de cesacion a 1, 6 y 12 meses. Las variables continuas se expresaron como media ± error estandar de la media. Resultados: Durante aproximadamente 5 anos (entre enero 2009 y julio 2014), 69 fumadores se unieron al programa. De estos, 17 desistieron durante la primera consulta. Entre los restantes 52 pacientes, tenian 47.4 ± 2.11 anos y el 55,8% eran hombres. Se realizaron 264 consultas farmaceuticas y, en media cada paciente recibio 7.7 ± 0.81 intervenciones. La mayoria de las intervenciones (60,1%) eran farmacologicas (p.e. productos de substitucion de nicotina), y el restante 39,9% fueron medidas no farmacologicas (p.e. entrevista motivacional). Cinco pacientes fueron remitidos al medico. Despues de 1 mes de la fecha convenida para el inicio de la cesacion, 37 pacientes (53,6%) estaban en abstinencia; 6 meses mas tarde el numero se reducia a 24 (34,8%) y un ano mas tarde 16 pacientes (23,2%) permanecian abstinentes. Conclusion: La implantacion de un programa de casacion tabaquica en farmacias comunitarias, utilizando un farmaceutico externo, puede contribuir efectivamente a la cesacion tabaquica en Portugal.
{"title":"SMOKING CESSATION IN A COMMUNITY PHARMACY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A PHARMACEUTICAL CARE PROGRAMME","authors":"Mónica Condinho, F. Fernandez‐Llimos, I. Figueiredo, C. Sinogas","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A05","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Segun la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud, el tabaco es una de las mayores amenazas del mundo, siendo urgente promover el abandono tabaquico. La efectividad de las intervenciones farmaceuticas en cesacion tabaquica ha sido documentada en la literatura, pero no en Portugal. Objetivo: Comunicar los resultados preliminares de un estudio para evaluar la efectividad de un programa de cesacion tabaquica desarrollado en farmacias comunitarias portuguesas usando un regimen de out-sourcing. Metodos: En el ambito de un programa de atencion farmaceutica implantado en siete farmacias por un farmaceutico externalizado, se desarrollo una consulta de cesacion tabaquica siguiendo las recomendaciones e instrumentos de la Direccion General de Salud de Portugal. Se identifico a los fumadores y el personal de la farmacia durante sus actividades rutinarias les invito a unirse al programa. Los que aceptaban firmaban un consentimiento informado. Mediante consultas presenciales y telefonicas y a traves de un abordaje global del paciente, se definieron en acuerdo con el paciente planes personalizados de abandono del tabaquismo. La efectividad del servicio se midio mediante las tasas de cesacion a 1, 6 y 12 meses. Las variables continuas se expresaron como media ± error estandar de la media. Resultados: Durante aproximadamente 5 anos (entre enero 2009 y julio 2014), 69 fumadores se unieron al programa. De estos, 17 desistieron durante la primera consulta. Entre los restantes 52 pacientes, tenian 47.4 ± 2.11 anos y el 55,8% eran hombres. Se realizaron 264 consultas farmaceuticas y, en media cada paciente recibio 7.7 ± 0.81 intervenciones. La mayoria de las intervenciones (60,1%) eran farmacologicas (p.e. productos de substitucion de nicotina), y el restante 39,9% fueron medidas no farmacologicas (p.e. entrevista motivacional). Cinco pacientes fueron remitidos al medico. Despues de 1 mes de la fecha convenida para el inicio de la cesacion, 37 pacientes (53,6%) estaban en abstinencia; 6 meses mas tarde el numero se reducia a 24 (34,8%) y un ano mas tarde 16 pacientes (23,2%) permanecian abstinentes. Conclusion: La implantacion de un programa de casacion tabaquica en farmacias comunitarias, utilizando un farmaceutico externo, puede contribuir efectivamente a la cesacion tabaquica en Portugal.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"39 1","pages":"42-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81876295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-28DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A01
G. P. Espino-Solís
The ability of plant agglutinins to distinguish between erythrocytes of different blood types led Boyd and Shapleigh (1954) to propose for them the name lectins, from the Latin “legere”, to pick out or choose [1]. This term was later generalized to embrace all sugar-specific agglutinins of non-immune origin, irrespective of source and blood type specificity [2]. It was toward the end of the 19th century that evidence first started to accumulate for the presence in nature of proteins possessing the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes. Such proteins were referred to as hemagglutinins, or phytoagglutinins, because they were originally found in extracts of plants…
{"title":"LECTINS: A BRIEF REVIEW","authors":"G. P. Espino-Solís","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A01","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of plant agglutinins to distinguish between erythrocytes of different blood types led Boyd and Shapleigh (1954) to propose for them the name lectins, from the Latin “legere”, to pick out or choose [1]. This term was later generalized to embrace all sugar-specific agglutinins of non-immune origin, irrespective of source and blood type specificity [2]. It was toward the end of the 19th century that evidence first started to accumulate for the presence in nature of proteins possessing the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes. Such proteins were referred to as hemagglutinins, or phytoagglutinins, because they were originally found in extracts of plants…","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"54 1","pages":"9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76994821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-28DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A06
R. Cortés, H. Herrera, S. Rodríguez
Introduction: Experimental optimization processes represent an effective tool for improving the quality of products, contributing to the diversification of products in the agricultural value chain of cape gooseberry, as promising export fruit. Aim: The aim of this study was to optimize the freeze-drying process to obtain hemispherical cape gooseberries (Physalis peruviana L.) with added active compounds, and with excellent quality attributes. Methods: The hemispherical samples (3 - 4 g) were initially treated by vacuum impregnation with an emulsion containing soybean protein, sucralose, surfactants, calcium, vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), vitamin E (DL-α-tocopherol acetate) and vitamin B9. The experimental optimization of the freeze-drying was performed using a factorial design 22 to determine the optimum operating condition, using as independent variables the rate of heating plate (°C/min) and holding time at the temperature of the plate for each segment of the process and as dependent variables: concentration of physiologically active components, water activity, moisture content, texture, color and total processing time. Results: An influence of process conditions on the response variables was identified, where a portion of 49 g of freeze-dried gooseberries reached over 20% content of daily reference value (DRV) of vitamin D and between 10 and 20% of DRV in calcium and vitamin B9, C and E; allowing to identify the product as “Excellent source of vitamin D” and “Good source of calcium and vitamin B9, C, E”, according to Colombian regulations. The optimal process condition was reached at a 0.04 °C/min heating rate of plate and a 1.2 h holding time of the plate temperature. Conclusions: The application of the integrated processes of vacuum impregnation and freeze-drying show an important technological alternative to development of functional foods from the fruit of cape gooseberry.
{"title":"Optimización experimental del proceso de liofilización de uchuva adicionada con componentes activos","authors":"R. Cortés, H. Herrera, S. Rodríguez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Experimental optimization processes represent an effective tool for improving the quality of products, contributing to the diversification of products in the agricultural value chain of cape gooseberry, as promising export fruit. Aim: The aim of this study was to optimize the freeze-drying process to obtain hemispherical cape gooseberries (Physalis peruviana L.) with added active compounds, and with excellent quality attributes. Methods: The hemispherical samples (3 - 4 g) were initially treated by vacuum impregnation with an emulsion containing soybean protein, sucralose, surfactants, calcium, vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), vitamin E (DL-α-tocopherol acetate) and vitamin B9. The experimental optimization of the freeze-drying was performed using a factorial design 22 to determine the optimum operating condition, using as independent variables the rate of heating plate (°C/min) and holding time at the temperature of the plate for each segment of the process and as dependent variables: concentration of physiologically active components, water activity, moisture content, texture, color and total processing time. Results: An influence of process conditions on the response variables was identified, where a portion of 49 g of freeze-dried gooseberries reached over 20% content of daily reference value (DRV) of vitamin D and between 10 and 20% of DRV in calcium and vitamin B9, C and E; allowing to identify the product as “Excellent source of vitamin D” and “Good source of calcium and vitamin B9, C, E”, according to Colombian regulations. The optimal process condition was reached at a 0.04 °C/min heating rate of plate and a 1.2 h holding time of the plate temperature. Conclusions: The application of the integrated processes of vacuum impregnation and freeze-drying show an important technological alternative to development of functional foods from the fruit of cape gooseberry.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86650371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-28DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A02
A. Baena, Lina Gómez-Giraldo, Wilton A Gómez, C. Peláez
Aunque con las deseadas controversias al respecto, la atencion farmaceutica (AF) se podria asumir como una tecnologia en salud que busca alcanzar, con la intervencion del farmaceutico, los mejores resultados en salud posibles, contribuyendo con la utilizacion efectiva, segura y economica de los medicamentos; incluyendo actividades que promuevan la salud y prevengan la enfermedad. De forma general, en el concepto de AF se ha incluido todas las intervenciones (actividades) que realiza el farmaceutico, con o sin medicamentos, orientadas al paciente, con el objetivo de conseguir el maximo beneficio posible en terminos de salud (mejorar los resultados en salud). En este sentido, en el Foro de Atencion Farmaceutica realizado en Espana, en el 2008, se establecio que la “Atencion Farmaceutica es la participacion activa del farmaceutico en la mejora de la calidad de vida del paciente, mediante la dispensacion, indicacion farmaceutica y seguimiento farmacoterapeutico”. Ademas se especifica que: “esta participacion implica la cooperacion con el medico y otros profesionales sanitarios para conseguir resultados que mejoren la calidad de vida del paciente, asi como su intervencion en actividades que proporcionen buena salud y prevengan las enfermedades”. Por su parte, en el 2013, la Red Europea de Atencion Farmaceutica -PCNE-) establece que: “Atencion farmaceutica es la contribucion del farmaceutico a la atencion de personas con el fin de optimizar el uso de los medicamentos y mejorar los resultados en salud”. Desde una perspectiva practica, la AF es una forma clave para contribuir a solucionar uno de los retos genuinos existentes en la sociedad: La utilizacion adecuada de los medicamentos. En este sentido, se ha generado evidencia de que esta tecnologia, especificamente el seguimiento farmacoterapeutico (SFT), contribuye al logro de los objetivos terapeuticos en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular y que es una tecnologia costo-efectiva. En el contexto de Colombia, se ha evidenciado que el SFT disminuye los reingresos hospitalarios en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar-I de forma costo-efectiva. Por ello, la importancia de la realizacion de eventos academicos relacionados con la AF, caso del Congreso Colombiano de Atencion Farmaceutica.
{"title":"MURINE INVARIANT NATURAL KILLER T CELLS RECOGNIZE GLYCOLIPIDS DERIVED FROM EXTRAC TS OF THE LICHEN Stereocaulon ramulosum","authors":"A. Baena, Lina Gómez-Giraldo, Wilton A Gómez, C. Peláez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A02","url":null,"abstract":"Aunque con las deseadas controversias al respecto, la atencion farmaceutica (AF) se podria asumir como una tecnologia en salud que busca alcanzar, con la intervencion del farmaceutico, los mejores resultados en salud posibles, contribuyendo con la utilizacion efectiva, segura y economica de los medicamentos; incluyendo actividades que promuevan la salud y prevengan la enfermedad. \u0000De forma general, en el concepto de AF se ha incluido todas las intervenciones (actividades) que realiza el farmaceutico, con o sin medicamentos, orientadas al paciente, con el objetivo de conseguir el maximo beneficio posible en terminos de salud (mejorar los resultados en salud). En este sentido, en el Foro de Atencion Farmaceutica realizado en Espana, en el 2008, se establecio que la “Atencion Farmaceutica es la participacion activa del farmaceutico en la mejora de la calidad de vida del paciente, mediante la dispensacion, indicacion farmaceutica y seguimiento farmacoterapeutico”. Ademas se especifica que: “esta participacion implica la cooperacion con el medico y otros profesionales sanitarios para conseguir resultados que mejoren la calidad de vida del paciente, asi como su intervencion en actividades que proporcionen buena salud y prevengan las enfermedades”. Por su parte, en el 2013, la Red Europea de Atencion Farmaceutica -PCNE-) establece que: “Atencion farmaceutica es la contribucion del farmaceutico a la atencion de personas con el fin de optimizar el uso de los medicamentos y mejorar los resultados en salud”. Desde una perspectiva practica, la AF es una forma clave para contribuir a solucionar uno de los retos genuinos existentes en la sociedad: La utilizacion adecuada de los medicamentos. En este sentido, se ha generado evidencia de que esta tecnologia, especificamente el seguimiento farmacoterapeutico (SFT), contribuye al logro de los objetivos terapeuticos en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular y que es una tecnologia costo-efectiva. En el contexto de Colombia, se ha evidenciado que el SFT disminuye los reingresos hospitalarios en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar-I de forma costo-efectiva. Por ello, la importancia de la realizacion de eventos academicos relacionados con la AF, caso del Congreso Colombiano de Atencion Farmaceutica.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"62 1","pages":"13-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76825757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-01DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N3A05
C. Montoya, José Fernando Garcia, Rolando Barahona
Background: Meat is a highly nutritious food and a major component of the basic food basket. Consumers select foods not only for taste and satisfaction, but also for their effects on human nutrition and health. In addition there is very little knowledge about the quality of meat produced in the Colombian systems and their fatty acid content which undoubtedly affect human health. Objetive: To determine the content and composition of fatty acids in meat from steers managed in different Colombian systems. Methods: Meat (Longissimus dorsi) samples were obtained from Zebu cattle from four production systems inthe Colombian tropics: Two silvopastoral arrangements (Cotove Research Center, National University of Colombia and Montenegro, Quindio), improved pastures (Montenegro, Quindio) and a traditional grazing system (Monteria, Cordoba). Fat was extracted from 64 meat samples in the laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the National University of Colombia, and a quantitative analysis of fatty acids was performed by gas chromatography in the laboratory of Instrumental Analysis of the National University of Colombia in Medellin. The results were evaluated following a complete randomized design and means were separated by the Duncan test. Results: There were significant differences in the content of myristic and palmitic acids between meat from the traditional and improved pasture system, with both acids being higher in the traditional system. There were also differences in the content of linoleic and linolenic acid, being lower in the Cotove silvopastoral system. There were significant differences in the content of unsaturated acids, with the meat from silvopastoral system Quindio and the improved pastures showing the highest fatty acid saturated: polyunsaturated ratio (0.19). In the linoleic: α-linolenic ratio there were no differences. Conclusions: Although the composition and the fatty acid content in beef varied between systems evaluated, the main components of such systems fat were palmitic acid and oleic acid (30.73 and 35.62 g/100 g fatty acid).
{"title":"Fatty acids in meat from cattle fattened in different production systems in the colombian tropics","authors":"C. Montoya, José Fernando Garcia, Rolando Barahona","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N3A05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N3A05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Meat is a highly nutritious food and a major component of the basic food basket. Consumers select foods not only for taste and satisfaction, but also for their effects on human nutrition and health. In addition there is very little knowledge about the quality of meat produced in the Colombian systems and their fatty acid content which undoubtedly affect human health. Objetive: To determine the content and composition of fatty acids in meat from steers managed in different Colombian systems. Methods: Meat (Longissimus dorsi) samples were obtained from Zebu cattle from four production systems inthe Colombian tropics: Two silvopastoral arrangements (Cotove Research Center, National University of Colombia and Montenegro, Quindio), improved pastures (Montenegro, Quindio) and a traditional grazing system (Monteria, Cordoba). Fat was extracted from 64 meat samples in the laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the National University of Colombia, and a quantitative analysis of fatty acids was performed by gas chromatography in the laboratory of Instrumental Analysis of the National University of Colombia in Medellin. The results were evaluated following a complete randomized design and means were separated by the Duncan test. Results: There were significant differences in the content of myristic and palmitic acids between meat from the traditional and improved pasture system, with both acids being higher in the traditional system. There were also differences in the content of linoleic and linolenic acid, being lower in the Cotove silvopastoral system. There were significant differences in the content of unsaturated acids, with the meat from silvopastoral system Quindio and the improved pastures showing the highest fatty acid saturated: polyunsaturated ratio (0.19). In the linoleic: α-linolenic ratio there were no differences. Conclusions: Although the composition and the fatty acid content in beef varied between systems evaluated, the main components of such systems fat were palmitic acid and oleic acid (30.73 and 35.62 g/100 g fatty acid).","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"32 1","pages":"205-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88837722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-01DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N3A04
E. Baltierra-Trejo, L. Márquez-Benavides, M. C. Hernández-Berriel, Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yáñez
Background: Wheat straw is an agricultural waste, which contains 17% of lignin, a recalcitrant polymer with biotechnological potential provided it is depolymerized. Lignin depolymerization has attracted interest because it yields aromatics of industrial interest; chemical and physical methods are available but entail economic and environmental constraints. An alternative is to exploit the ligninolytic capacity of mitosporic fungi, such as Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. There are few reports on the use of these funguses in the generation of aromatics by lignin depolymerization. Objetives: To use Aspergillus and Penicillium spp in the biological generation of aromatics from semipurified residual wheat straw lignin. Methods: Funguses were grown in semipurified residual wheat straw lignin for 28 days; produced aromatics were followed using gas chromatography. Results: Obtained results indicate a range of aromatics produced, i.e. 3,5 mg mL-1 guaiacol, 3,3 vanillin, 3,2 hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,3 vanillinic, 10,1 syringic and 21,9 ferulic. Conclusions: Aspergillus and Penicillium represent an ecological option in the exploit of semi-purified residual lignin from wheat straw to generate aromatics in a shorter period from an abundant and cheap residue.
{"title":"Aromatic monomers generation by Aspergillus and penicillium spp from residual wheat straw lignin","authors":"E. Baltierra-Trejo, L. Márquez-Benavides, M. C. Hernández-Berriel, Juan Manuel Sánchez-Yáñez","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N3A04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N3A04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wheat straw is an agricultural waste, which contains 17% of lignin, a recalcitrant polymer with biotechnological potential provided it is depolymerized. Lignin depolymerization has attracted interest because it yields aromatics of industrial interest; chemical and physical methods are available but entail economic and environmental constraints. An alternative is to exploit the ligninolytic capacity of mitosporic fungi, such as Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. There are few reports on the use of these funguses in the generation of aromatics by lignin depolymerization. Objetives: To use Aspergillus and Penicillium spp in the biological generation of aromatics from semipurified residual wheat straw lignin. Methods: Funguses were grown in semipurified residual wheat straw lignin for 28 days; produced aromatics were followed using gas chromatography. Results: Obtained results indicate a range of aromatics produced, i.e. 3,5 mg mL-1 guaiacol, 3,3 vanillin, 3,2 hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,3 vanillinic, 10,1 syringic and 21,9 ferulic. Conclusions: Aspergillus and Penicillium represent an ecological option in the exploit of semi-purified residual lignin from wheat straw to generate aromatics in a shorter period from an abundant and cheap residue.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"222 1","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79937667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-01DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N3A03
Juan Felipe Puerta Barrera, D. A. Hurtado, Robinson Jimenez Moreno
Background: The sun is a natural source of electromagnetic radiation, upon which are found the ultraviolet (UV) rays, where only the types A and B are able to irradiate over the surface of the Earth in different proportions. Although the sun helps human skin in the formation of vitamin D, the mineralization of bones, and absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the organism, it can cause damage on the skin by prolonged exposure to UV radiation, generating adverse effects on human health like erythema formation, photo-toxicity, photo-allergy, idiopathic lesions, and photo-dermatitis, among others. This paper, shows the results of developing a prediction system of the exposure time of a person to UV rays coming from the sun, which can cause erythema on human skin, using the standards in UV index and the dose limits of radiation allowed for phototypes I and II, aiming to foresee the generation of these kind of lesions. This was made by the implementation of artificial intelligence algorithms like Deep Belief Networks and Backpropagation, based in the Deep Learning technique. These algorithms use as training parameters for the neural network, the meteorological data such as the sky clearness index, the radiation on the horizontal surface and average air temperature, supplied by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). With the data, a neural network aiming to foresee the UV index for the following year of the data input was trained, in addition some mathematical regressions were applied allowing in this way, to obtain an approach to the behavior of the UV index along the day. Likewise, this information was used to estimate the maximum time of sun exposure, for the period of time contained between 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. This paper, also presents some conclusions based in the results found, which try to establish some important considerations in order to implement the neural networks.
{"title":"PREDICTION SYSTEM OF ERYTHEMAS FOR PHOTOTYPES I AND II, USING DEEP-LEARNING","authors":"Juan Felipe Puerta Barrera, D. A. Hurtado, Robinson Jimenez Moreno","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N3A03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N3A03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The sun is a natural source of electromagnetic radiation, upon which are found the ultraviolet (UV) rays, where only the types A and B are able to irradiate over the surface of the Earth in different proportions. Although the sun helps human skin in the formation of vitamin D, the mineralization of bones, and absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the organism, it can cause damage on the skin by prolonged exposure to UV radiation, generating adverse effects on human health like erythema formation, photo-toxicity, photo-allergy, idiopathic lesions, and photo-dermatitis, among others. This paper, shows the results of developing a prediction system of the exposure time of a person to UV rays coming from the sun, which can cause erythema on human skin, using the standards in UV index and the dose limits of radiation allowed for phototypes I and II, aiming to foresee the generation of these kind of lesions. This was made by the implementation of artificial intelligence algorithms like Deep Belief Networks and Backpropagation, based in the Deep Learning technique. These algorithms use as training parameters for the neural network, the meteorological data such as the sky clearness index, the radiation on the horizontal surface and average air temperature, supplied by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). With the data, a neural network aiming to foresee the UV index for the following year of the data input was trained, in addition some mathematical regressions were applied allowing in this way, to obtain an approach to the behavior of the UV index along the day. Likewise, this information was used to estimate the maximum time of sun exposure, for the period of time contained between 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. This paper, also presents some conclusions based in the results found, which try to establish some important considerations in order to implement the neural networks.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"57 1","pages":"188-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82011661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-01DOI: 10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A03
A. B. Aliyu, Jimmy Ajibola Oshanimi, Muntaka Mohammed Sulaiman, U. S. Gwarzo, Z. N. Garba, A. O. Oyewale
Background: Vernonia species are widely consumed as vegetables or medicinal herbs for the treatment of various human diseases in Nigeria. Nevertheless, there exists a growing concern for consumption safety of those herbal plants, due to increasing environmental pollution. This is because plants can accumulate some heavy metals that constitute a potential risk to human health. Nonetheless, also essential elements may be accumulated in plants, which provide nutrients for combating diseases and maintaining human health. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to analyze some heavy metals and mineral elements on Vernonia ambigua, V. oocephala and V. pupurea commonly used in Northern Nigerian traditional medicine. Methods: Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to determine the major elements (calcium and magnesium), trace elements (iron and manganese) and heavy metals (copper, cobalt, chromium, cadmium, lead and zinc). Results: We found a high Ca and Fe content in V. ambigua, Mg and Co in V. oocephala, and Cu and Cr in V. pupurea; in contrast, the last specie, showed low accumulation of Pb and Cd among all studied species. Conclusion: This study revealed that toxic elements concentrations are lower than the allowed dietary intake (ADI) in all the three Vernonia species. The quantitative estimation of these elements is important to understanding the pharmacological and/or toxicological actions of medicinal plants for safe use.
{"title":"HEAVY METALS AND MINERAL ELEMENTS OF Vernonia ambigua, Vernonia oocephala AND Vernonia pupurea USED IN NORTHERN NIGERIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE","authors":"A. B. Aliyu, Jimmy Ajibola Oshanimi, Muntaka Mohammed Sulaiman, U. S. Gwarzo, Z. N. Garba, A. O. Oyewale","doi":"10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/UDEA.VITAE.V22N1A03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vernonia species are widely consumed as vegetables or medicinal herbs for the treatment of various human diseases in Nigeria. Nevertheless, there exists a growing concern for consumption safety of those herbal plants, due to increasing environmental pollution. This is because plants can accumulate some heavy metals that constitute a potential risk to human health. Nonetheless, also essential elements may be accumulated in plants, which provide nutrients for combating diseases and maintaining human health. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to analyze some heavy metals and mineral elements on Vernonia ambigua, V. oocephala and V. pupurea commonly used in Northern Nigerian traditional medicine. Methods: Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to determine the major elements (calcium and magnesium), trace elements (iron and manganese) and heavy metals (copper, cobalt, chromium, cadmium, lead and zinc). Results: We found a high Ca and Fe content in V. ambigua, Mg and Co in V. oocephala, and Cu and Cr in V. pupurea; in contrast, the last specie, showed low accumulation of Pb and Cd among all studied species. Conclusion: This study revealed that toxic elements concentrations are lower than the allowed dietary intake (ADI) in all the three Vernonia species. The quantitative estimation of these elements is important to understanding the pharmacological and/or toxicological actions of medicinal plants for safe use.","PeriodicalId":23515,"journal":{"name":"Vitae-revista De La Facultad De Quimica Farmaceutica","volume":"43 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77369735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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