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Hydrogeochemistry of Oil-bearing Waters Study of Indicators for Industrial Use 含油水水文地球化学工业指标研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-35-46
M. Mardashova, Tamar Razmadze-Brokishvili, Tamar Mikava
The use of hydrogeological indicators is very important when assessing the oil content of individual aquifers. There are many hydrogeological criteria, and one of the most important ones is the anomalies characteristic of oil fields. The present article is dedicated to the study of hydrogeochemical anomalies of oil-bearing structures and the possibility of their use in practice. It should be noted that the ease of detection of hydrogeochemical anomalies gives them a certain advantage compared to hydrodynamic anomalies. Also, in the paper, the emphasis is on the study of the microcomponent composition accompanying the oil, although the microcomponent composition is considered of the general chemical composition and mineralization of the groundwater associated with the oil fields.
水文地质指标的使用在评价单个含水层含油量时非常重要。水文地质判据有很多,其中油田异常特征是最重要的判据之一。本文对含油构造的水文地球化学异常及其在实际应用中的可能性进行了研究。应当指出的是,水文地球化学异常与水动力异常相比,容易发现具有一定的优势。此外,本文的重点是研究伴随石油的微组分组成,尽管微组分组成被认为是与油田有关的地下水的一般化学组成和矿化。
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引用次数: 0
Vertical Seismic Load on a Long-span Steel Truss 大跨度钢桁架的竖向地震荷载
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-63-67
Sergo Esadze, N. Pavliashvili
The horizontal component of the seismic acceleration of the foundation during determining the seismic load according to the standard methodology for all types of buildings and their structural elements, is considered. The vertical seismic load calculation is required for certain types of structures. These include the steel beam truss considered in this paper, with spans ranging from 24 m to 40 m. The paper considers a simplified method for determining the dynamic characteristics required to determine the seismic load on the mentioned structure, taking into account the influence of supporting structures. To do this, the approach of reducing a truss to a beam with equivalent stiffness on elastic supports is used. The calculation model also makes it possible to take into account the influence of the considered structure on the supports.
在根据所有类型的建筑物及其结构单元的标准方法确定地震荷载时,考虑了基础地震加速度的水平分量。对于某些类型的结构,需要进行竖向地震荷载计算。这些包括本文中考虑的钢梁桁架,跨度从24米到40米不等。考虑到支承结构的影响,本文考虑了一种简化的确定上述结构地震荷载所需动力特性的方法。为此,采用了将桁架简化为弹性支承上具有等效刚度的梁的方法。该计算模型还可以考虑所考虑的结构对支撑的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Relations Between the United States and Russia in the Middle Eastern Region 美俄在中东地区的关系
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-93-107
Tamila Kurashvili
The main global geopolitical discourse of the 20th century was to divide the world into two parts, the spheres of influence of Soviet and West. The United States was the leader of the West, which was perceived by Russia as a major geopolitical opponent. The political leadership of Russia, at first with inertia, and then thoroughly continued this course of Soviet Union. The US authorities showed a relatively less reactional policy on the Russian Federation than it did to the Soviet Union. However, the final cooperative agreement on the main geopolitical issues has not been reached between the two states. The Persian Gulf and the Middle Eastern region in general have always been a wide area of interest to Russia. Such a persistent interest in the region is due to a very simple reason – the Middle East is the southern flank of Russia's borders. Consequently, Russia's foreign policy will always have a leading influence in the region. Consequently, the US – Russia interests also appear in this region. One of the leading directions in Russia's geopolitics is the United States. Currently, there is a highly tense relationship between the US and Russia due to the Ukrainian war. Nevertheless, both large international actors are more or less aware of how much their relationship depends on the fate of humanity as a whole. Russia and the US were allies in World War II. This historical memory also exists between them, but ideological and civilizational differences have not allowed the parties to lay the groundwork for somewhat peaceful and fair world. Relationships between them are more rivalry than cooperation. At present, Russia has imposed heavy economic sanctions from the US and the West.
20世纪主要的全球地缘政治话语是将世界划分为两部分,苏联和西方的势力范围。美国是西方的领袖,而俄罗斯将西方视为主要的地缘政治对手。俄罗斯的政治领导层,起初是惯性的,后来彻底延续了苏联的这一进程。与对苏联相比,美国当局对俄罗斯联邦的反应相对较少。然而,两国尚未就主要地缘政治问题达成最终合作协议。波斯湾和中东地区总体上一直是俄罗斯感兴趣的广泛领域。对该地区如此持久的兴趣源于一个非常简单的原因——中东是俄罗斯边境的南翼。因此,俄罗斯的外交政策将始终在该地区发挥主导作用。因此,美俄利益也出现在该地区。俄罗斯地缘政治的主要方向之一是美国。目前,由于乌克兰战争,美国和俄罗斯之间的关系高度紧张。然而,这两个国际大国或多或少都意识到它们的关系在多大程度上取决于整个人类的命运。俄罗斯和美国在第二次世界大战中是盟友。这一历史记忆在双方之间也存在,但意识形态和文明的差异使双方无法为建立一个和平与公平的世界奠定基础。他们之间的关系更多的是竞争而不是合作。目前,俄罗斯已经受到美国和西方国家的严厉经济制裁。
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引用次数: 0
Road Transport with a Refrigeration Device 带制冷装置的公路运输
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-55-62
Tamaz Isakadze, Zurab Lazarashvili, Givi Gugulashvili
An obligatory link in the transfer of products from the producer to the consumer is transport, which must ensure the transfer of products without damage, with the maximum preservation of its quality. From this point of view, vehicles for the transportation of agricultural and food products attract special attention, since these products are easily exposed to pressure, temperature and mechanical damage. One of the most important ways to preserve the quality of products during transportation is the use of vehicles equipped with various types of refrigeration devices. For this, it becomes necessary to develop new vehicles that will be equipped with economical, highly efficient and acceptable refrigeration devices. A schematic diagram of a vehicle equipped with an absorption-type refrigeration machine, which is completely powered by the heat of the vehicle's exhaust gases, is presented. R
产品从生产者转移到消费者的必经环节是运输,运输必须保证产品的转移不受损害,并最大限度地保持其质量。从这个角度来看,运输农产品和食品的车辆引起了特别的关注,因为这些产品很容易受到压力、温度和机械损伤。在运输过程中保持产品质量的最重要的方法之一是使用配备各种制冷装置的车辆。为此,有必要开发配备经济、高效和可接受的制冷装置的新型车辆。介绍了一种完全利用汽车尾气热量作为动力的吸收式制冷机的原理图。R
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引用次数: 0
An Artificial Intelligence-equipped System for the Diagnosis of Cervical and Breast Cancer 一种配备人工智能的宫颈癌和乳腺癌诊断系统
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-78-84
P. Lezhava, Zviad Ghurtskaia
Diagnosing the tumor at an early stage is important because the patient can be treated in a timely and effective manner. Currently, the most common methods of diagnosis are magnetic resonance and computer tomography. Diagnosing a tumor with routine tests is a novelty, and it is important to have a more serious and accurate analysis of the results of blood tests in order to find evidence of specific tumor growth in the body. Today, scientists are increasingly using artificial intelligence methods to solve this type of problem. The computer system that we created for the diagnosis of cervical cancer, which is based on artificial intelligence, namely, machine learning, is discussed. The system diagnoses using routine tests and is distinguished by fairly high accuracy. We think that this model will help clinicians to identify cancers and diagnose the disease in a timely manner.
早期诊断肿瘤很重要,因为患者可以得到及时有效的治疗。目前,最常用的诊断方法是磁共振和计算机断层扫描。通过常规检查诊断肿瘤是一种新事物,对血液检查结果进行更认真、更准确的分析是很重要的,这样才能找到体内特定肿瘤生长的证据。如今,科学家们越来越多地使用人工智能方法来解决这类问题。讨论了我们为宫颈癌诊断创建的计算机系统,它是基于人工智能,即机器学习。该系统使用常规测试进行诊断,具有相当高的准确性。我们认为该模型将有助于临床医生及时识别癌症并诊断疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Spectroscopic (IR) Studies of Complex Compounds of Some 3D Metals with N,N-dimethylformamide 某些三维金属与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺配合物的合成及红外光谱研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-18-26
Nana Gegeshidze, Nino Kilasonia, M. Tsintsadze
Complex compounds of sulphates and chlorides of cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II), manganese (II), cadmium (II) and zinc with N, N-dimethylformamide, as well as mixed acidoligand complex compounds of cobalt (II), nickel (II), manganese (II) and copper (II) with N,N-dimethylformamide were synthesized. In order to study the rules of coordination of N,Ndimethylformamide and thiocyanate groups, IR spectra of synthesized complex compounds were studied. Based on the study of IR spectra, it was found that in all synthesized complex compounds, the coordination of the N,Ndimethylformamide molecule with complexing metals is carried out by the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. For sulfate and chloride compounds of cobalt (II), nickel (II) and manganese (II) with N, N-dimethylformamide, an octahedral structure of synthesized complexes is proposed, and in the case of copper (II) and cadmium, a tetrahedral structure.
合成了钴(II)、镍(II)、铜(II)、锰(II)、镉(II)和锌的硫酸盐和氯化物与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的配合物,以及钴(II)、镍(II)、锰(II)和铜(II)与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的混合酸配体配合物。为了研究N、n二甲基甲酰胺和硫氰酸酯基团的配位规律,对合成的配合物进行了红外光谱研究。通过红外光谱研究发现,在所有合成的配合物中,N, n二甲基甲酰胺分子与配合金属的配位都是通过羰基上的氧原子进行的。对于钴(II)、镍(II)和锰(II)与N, N-二甲基甲酰胺的硫酸盐和氯化物化合物,提出了合成配合物的八面体结构,而对于铜(II)和镉,则提出了四面体结构。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural-historical and Architectural-artistic Analysis of the Ruined Kaloubani and Amаghlebа Temples in Tbilisi 第比利斯Kaloubani神庙和amlughlebva神庙遗址的文化历史和建筑艺术分析
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-68-77
Maia Davitaia, Giorgi Kartvelishvili
In Tbilisi, representatives of different denominations have never fought each other on religious grounds, unless we count the Bolsheviks and their "League of Militant Atheists", who from the end of the 1920s declared a fight against representatives of all religions and destroyed many churches. Among the many religious buildings destroyed in Tbilisi during the Soviet period are two Orthodox churches – St. George's Cathedral in Kaloubani, which was built on the ruins of an old Georgian temple in the 50s of the 19th century during the annexation of Russia, and the Amaghleba church in Sololaki, built by Platon Ioseliani in 1852. The last was built according to the Greek temple and renovated at the end of the 19th century. The article presents the culturalhistorical and architectural-artistic analysis of the churches destroyed by the Soviet authorities since the 1930s, the reasons for their construction and destruction.
在第比利斯,不同教派的代表从来没有因为宗教原因而相互争斗过,除非我们把布尔什维克和他们的“激进无神论者联盟”算上,他们从20世纪20年代末开始宣布与所有宗教的代表作战,并摧毁了许多教堂。在苏联时期第比利斯被摧毁的许多宗教建筑中,有两座东正教教堂——卡卢巴尼的圣乔治大教堂,建于19世纪50年代俄罗斯吞并期间一座古老的格鲁吉亚寺庙的废墟上,以及索洛拉基的阿马格莱巴教堂,由柏拉图·约塞利亚尼于1852年建造。最后一座是根据希腊神庙建造的,并在19世纪末进行了翻新。本文对自20世纪30年代以来被苏联当局摧毁的教堂进行了文化、历史和建筑艺术分析,并对其建造和破坏的原因进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Impact of Covid-19 on the Educational Process 新冠肺炎疫情对教育进程的影响分析
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-9-17
R. Kutateladze, Ana Kobiashvili
The Covid-19 pandemic has created serious problems for higher education around the world. The created situation led to a number of challenges, which were reflected quite differently on regions, countries and institutions, and further aggravated the existing inequality. The article describes various forms of the impact of Covid-19 on the situation created in higher education institutions and the mechanisms for overcoming the created challenges. The results of surveys conducted by the International Association of Universities in many universities of the world in 2020-2022 are presented. The results of the studies conducted in the direction of higher education management during the pandemic and the changes experienced by the education finance sector are analyzed. The problems of introducing new methods and transitioning to distance learning in the field of learning and teaching and ways to solve them are discussed. The trends formed by the impact of the pandemic from the point of view of scientific research in universities, the analysis of the positive and negative effects of the pandemic on research activities are shown. Both global and regional data on the involvement of university students and professors in public-social processes are provided. The results of the first two years of the impact of the pandemic on higher education are summarized. Appropriate conclusions have been made about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the full-fledged work of higher educational institutions.
新冠肺炎大流行给世界各地的高等教育带来了严重问题。所造成的情况导致了一些挑战,这些挑战对区域、国家和机构的反映各不相同,并进一步加剧了现有的不平等。本文介绍了新冠肺炎疫情对高等教育机构造成的各种影响,以及克服这些挑战的机制。本文介绍了国际大学协会在2020-2022年对世界多所大学进行的调查结果。分析了大流行期间高等教育管理方向的研究结果以及教育财政部门所经历的变化。讨论了远程教育在学习和教学领域中引入新方法和向远程教育过渡所面临的问题及其解决途径。从大学科学研究的角度,分析了大流行病对研究活动的积极和消极影响,说明了大流行病影响所形成的趋势。提供了关于大学生和教授参与公共社会进程的全球和区域数据。总结了大流行病对高等教育影响的头两年的结果。关于新冠肺炎疫情对高等院校全面开展工作的影响,已经得出了适当的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Processing Questions of Madneuli Copper Enrichment Plant Tails 马德纽里铜富集厂尾料的处理问题
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-47-54
Nana Jikia, Demur Talakhadze, Anzor Abshilava
Madneuli copper enrichment plant works since 1975. This plant works on copper sulphide ores from Madneuli and Sakdrisi deposits. In some ores due to difficulties of blotting secondary copper sulphides, recovery of copper in commercial production is low – 60-65%. At the same time, concentration of copper in tails is 0.17-0.19% and concentration of gold in tails 0.3-0.6 gr/t. In this article we consider combine technology of processing rich flotation tiles: preinrichment by gravity (use centrifugal concentrator and/or short noise hydrocyclone). Gravity concentrate with au and cu 5.47 gr/t, and 0.93%, respectively proceed hydrometallurgicaly (cyanidation) this technology makes possible rise recovery of gold and copper in commercial product by 20-25% and 17-20%.
Madneuli铜富集厂自1975年开始运作。这家工厂主要生产Madneuli和Sakdrisi矿床的硫化铜矿石。在某些矿石中,由于难以吸积次生硫化铜,在商业生产中铜的回收率低至60-65%。同时,尾铜浓度为0.17 ~ 0.19%,尾金浓度为0.3 ~ 0.6 gr/t。本文研究了处理富浮选瓦片的组合工艺:重力预富集(采用离心选矿机和/或短噪声水力旋流器)。以金、铜分别为5.47 gr/t和0.93%的重精矿进行湿法冶金(氰化),可使商品金、铜的回收率分别提高20 ~ 25%和17 ~ 20%。
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引用次数: 0
Calculation of the Parasitic Frequencies Generated in the Optical Fiber Using the LabVIEW Program in Case of the Initial Five Waves 用LabVIEW程序计算初始五波情况下光纤产生的寄生频率
Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.36073/1512-0996-2023-2-27-34
Iuri Modebadze, Vakhtang Abuladze
The calculation of the parasitic frequencies generated by the four-wave mixing method during the passage of the five main frequencies in the optical fiber using the LabVIEW program is discussed. The virtual tool used for this is built using mathematical expressions and a program for calculating the approximate values of parasitic frequencies given in the article. It counts the number of parasitic frequencies and calculates their corresponding values that will be placed in the 185-189 terahertz frequency range of the first five frequencies. An algorithm has been compiled for the construction of the virtual tool, which consists of four options. According to each option, subtools are built, by combining which a virtual tool is obtained. This tool allows us to clearly visualize the values of parasitic frequencies in a given range and the total combinations of those frequencies by which these values are obtained.
讨论了利用LabVIEW程序计算光纤中5个主频率通过时四波混频法产生的寄生频率。用于此的虚拟工具是使用数学表达式和用于计算文中给出的寄生频率近似值的程序构建的。它计算寄生频率的数量,并计算它们对应的值,这些值将被放置在前五个频率的185-189太赫兹频率范围内。编制了虚拟工具构建的算法,该算法由四个选项组成。根据每个选项构建子工具,将子工具组合成一个虚拟工具。该工具使我们能够清楚地看到给定范围内寄生频率的值以及获得这些值的这些频率的总组合。
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引用次数: 0
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Works of Georgian Technical University
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