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Dialektik des Unbewussten 无意识辩证法
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/zksp-2014-0004
H. Schiller
The essay is analysing Freud’s concept of the unconsciousness and its relation to language and to the archaic thinking. The main thesis is that Freud’s concept of dynamic unconsciousness is well defined and justified, that however the hypostasis of the unconsciousness as an original realm or system with a proper way of thinking cannot be legitimated. The hypostasis of the unconsciousness is connected with its biological interpretation in the concept of instinct and in a expanded version of the recapitulation-theory. The hypostasis is part of an unhistorical concept of the human essence, which limits the utility of Freud’s thinking for the theory of society.
本文分析了弗洛伊德的无意识概念及其与语言和古代思维的关系。主要论点是,弗洛伊德的动态无意识的概念是很好的定义和合理的,然而,无意识的本质作为一个原始的领域或系统与一个适当的思维方式不能被合法化。无意识的本质与本能概念的生物学解释以及概括理论的扩展版本有关。本质是人类本质的非历史概念的一部分,这限制了弗洛伊德思想对社会理论的效用。
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引用次数: 0
Die geisteswissenschaftliche Inanspruchnahme der Evolutionsbiologie 进化论的人文用事
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/zksp-2014-0003
G. Toepfer
The essay analyzes the current trend of viewing cultural phenomena from the perspective of evolutionary biology. It focuses on reconstructing claims from neo-naturalistic approaches and assesses their relevance for the humanities. The essay’s historical overview distinguishes four phases in these evolutionary accounts of cultural phenomena. An in-depth analysis looks at positions recently taken by scholars from the humanities, in particular Karl Eibl, Winfried Menninghaus, Horst Bredekamp and Wolfgang Welsch. The critique of their positions is directed at their interpretations of biological theories and at instances of restrictive fundamentalism that posit the biological perspective as more fundamental DOI 10.1515/zksp-2014-0003 ZKSP 2014; 1(1): 40–80
本文从进化生物学的角度分析了当前看待文化现象的趋势。它侧重于重建新自然主义方法的主张,并评估它们与人文学科的相关性。这篇文章的历史概述区分了这些文化现象的进化描述的四个阶段。一项深入的分析着眼于最近人文学科学者的立场,特别是卡尔·艾比尔、温弗里德·门宁豪斯、霍斯特·布雷德坎普和沃尔夫冈·韦尔奇。对他们立场的批评是针对他们对生物学理论的解释和限制性原教旨主义的实例,这些原教旨主义认为生物学观点是更基本的DOI 10.1515/ ZKSP -2014-0003 ZKSP 2014;1 (1): 40 - 80
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引用次数: 0
Die Unausdenkbarkeit der Verzweiflung 不能理解绝望
Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/zksp-2014-0007
Franco Zotta
In his philosophy of history Immanuel Kant designs the teleological idea that humanity “always been in progress, and will go away so henceforth.” This idea seems to contradict only superficially with the historical reality, characterized by wars and other (human) disasters. According to Kant, the cunning of nature is able to guarantee progress, precisely because nature uses these antisocial propensities of human beeings to promote the progress behind their back. The article shows that this mechanistic understanding of history holds enormous impositions for finite subjects. They are forced to endure passively every injustice in the service of a higher logic, guaranteed by nature herself. Kantian philosophy has no sensorium for the desperation of people who are victims of despotism and repression. His philosophy of history is therefore not, as often claimed in the secondary literature, only a hope-giving intellectual pleasure trip. Quite the contrary, it promotes a world view that propagates for victims the martyrdom. And anyone who fights against it, according to Kant rightly loses his head. DOI 10.1515/zksp-2014-0007 ZKSP 2014; 1(1): 162–191
在他的历史哲学中,伊曼努尔·康德设计了一个目的论的观点,即人类“总是在进步的,从今往后也会消失。”这种观点似乎与以战争和其他(人类)灾难为特征的历史现实只有表面上的矛盾。康德认为,大自然的狡诈能够保证人类的进步,正是因为大自然利用人类的这些反社会倾向,在人类背后推动人类的进步。这篇文章表明,这种对历史的机械理解对有限的主体具有巨大的强制作用。他们被迫被动地忍受一切不公正,以服务于大自然本身所保证的更高逻辑。康德哲学对专制和压迫的受害者的绝望没有感觉。因此,他的历史哲学并不像二手文献中经常宣称的那样,仅仅是一次充满希望的智力之旅。恰恰相反,它促进了一种世界观,为受害者宣传殉道。根据康德的说法,任何反对它的人都会丢掉脑袋。DOI 10.1515/ ZKSP -2014-0007;1 (1): 162 - 191
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引用次数: 0
Großer Highway und kleine Trampelpfade 几条公路加上几条踏路
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/zksp-2015-0002
Samuel Salzborn
Zusammenfassung: Die Geschichte der Kritischen Theorie nach Adorno und Horkheimer ist oft erzählt worden als eine Generationengeschichte, in der lineare Abfolgen das Bild prägen. Der Vorschlag des Beitrags hingegen ist, stattdessen nach den zentralen Prämissen in der Kritischen Theorie im Verhältnis von Subjekt und Gesellschaft zu fragen und entlang dieser unterschiedliche Entwicklungslinien seit den 1970er Jahren bis in die Gegenwart zu skizzieren, die die Kritische Theorie auf ihrem Weg ins 21. Jahrhundert in ihrer Heterogenität und Pluralität zeigen.
总结:Adorno和Horkheimer所倡导的批评学说的故事被视为世代的背景,他们的背景是线性推断。该提案则对去的核心前提是在危急的理论相对主体和社会问题,并沿着这条不同Entwicklungslinien自1970年代以来到今天,动工批评理论的时候,21 .代表了一种多元性和多样性
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引用次数: 3
Ein bloßer Leitfaden – aber ohne jede Alternative 只是指南
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/zksp-2014-0014
Franco Zotta
In einem Interview mit der Zeitschrift Cicero erörterte der Stanford-Gelehrte Ian Morris kürzlich, warum ihn seine historischen Studien zu der Erkenntnis geführt haben, dass Kriege die Welt insgesamt reicher und sicherer gemacht hätten. Zwar sei die Geschichte des Krieges eine sehr böse Geschichte. Aber, so Morris, die positiven Effekte überwögen das Elend bei weitem. Um zu dieser Bilanz zu gelangen, muss der Historiker freilich einen bestimmten Standpunkt einnehmen. Morris sagt: „Ich versuche einfach den Blick weg vom Detail, weg von den einzelnen Kriegen, hin auf das große Ganze zu richten“ (Morris 2013). So einfach ist das. Je weitschweifender der Blick, je subjektvergessener die Perspektive, desto weniger werden die historischen Bilanzierungsbemühungen verstört durch schmutzige kleine Details. Vor dem gewaltigen Panorama des großen Ganzen interessiert vor allem die Bewegungsrichtung, bei der sich die Menschheit, aus einer optimierungsbedürftigen Vergangenheit kommend, mit allen Mitteln in eine Zukunft hinein entwickelt, bei der das Leichensaldo dem Geschichtsbuchhalter Morris Anlass genug ist, die teleologisch ungemein zweckdienliche Rolle des Krieges zu preisen. Der einzelne Mensch freilich gerät in dieser unendlichen Transformationsbewegung zum bloßen „Funktionär der Unmerklichkeit des Zugewinns“, eingebettet in ein Geschichtsbild „von solcher Großräumigkeit, daß das einzelne Leben darin nichts mehr zu bedeuten“ scheint (Blumenberg 1986, S. 225). Es ist dieser, wie Pier Paolo Pasolini treffend bemerkt, „unerträgliche Siegerblick auf die Wirklichkeit“ (Pasolini 2011, S. 123), an dem sich seit jeher jede Kritik an geschichtsphilosophischen Systemen dieses Typs entzündet. Natürlich kennt auch Johannes Rohbeck diese, offenbar zu seinem Erstaunen, nicht verstummen wollenden Einwände. Seine Apologie der Kantischen
西塞洛》的一篇杂志访问了斯坦福大学的学者伊恩·莫里斯,他讨论了为何历史研究让他发觉战争让整个世界变得更富裕、更安全。战争的故事是一个很险恶的故事不过,莫里斯指出,快乐的作用远超过痛苦但是,要实现这一纪录,历史学家必须有自己的看法。莫里斯说:“我设法不去注意细节,尽量跟各人争战,着眼于全局。”——莫里斯2013年就这么简单就像试图达到国际收支平衡的一个关键目的时,他就会在一个模糊的小细节在浩瀚无边的全景都感兴趣主要Bewegungsrichtung在关注人类的一切optimierungsbedürftigen过去的喜用在研发了一种未来在Leichensaldo Geschichtsbuchhalter莫里斯的理由足以使teleologisch zweckdienliche作用将战争的赞美.可是,在这一永恒不变的变革过程中,个人却只是“贪婪无名的杀手”。在历史资料里,“在这么多人的热潮中,个人生命已微不足道”。——《多年来,对这类历史学说的每一次批评都受到批评。显然,约翰·卢贝克也听到了这些显然令他吃惊的、一根根不可言喻的异议意见。他的怪医
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引用次数: 1
Naturtheorie, Gesellschaftstheorie, Messtheorie? Überlegungen zu einer kritischen Naturtheorie 自然理论社会理论大理论持有批判性的自然理论
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/zksp-2014-0006
Oliver Schlaudt
Comment on the essay by F. Engster and A. Schröder on the naturalization of nature and society with a view to a critical theory of nature. As a clarification, I suggest the following classification of possible meanings of the term “critical theory of nature”: (1a) historical-materialist historiography of science in a descriptive sense; (1b) historical-materialist philosophy of science as a normative approach in epistemology; (2) a normative theory of human interventions in nature. Identifying the approach of Engster and Schröder with program (1b), I express two objections: The first one concerns the explanatory value of the thesis that modern society, the modern idea of nature and the neat separation of pure nature and pure society all originate (in a logical sense) in quantification. Secondly, I dispute the thesis that there is a real parallel between the construction DOI 10.1515/zksp-2014-0006 ZKSP 2014; 1(1): 148–161
从自然批判理论的角度对F.恩斯特和a . Schröder关于自然和社会的自然化的文章进行评论。作为澄清,我建议对“自然批判理论”一词的可能含义进行以下分类:(1a)描述意义上的历史唯物主义科学史学;(1b)作为认识论规范方法的历史唯物主义科学哲学;(2)人类干预自然的规范理论。通过程序(1b)识别恩斯特和Schröder的方法,我表达了两个反对意见:第一个反对意见涉及现代社会,现代自然观念以及纯粹自然和纯粹社会的整洁分离都起源于量化(在逻辑意义上)这一论点的解释价值。其次,我对DOI 10.1515/ ZKSP -2014-0006 ZKSP 2014之间存在真正平行的论点提出异议;1 (1): 148 - 161
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引用次数: 0
Freiheit – Gleichheit – Eigentum – Sozialstaat = Kapitalismus
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/zksp-2016-0011
Albert Krölls
As opposed to common conceptions amongst left-wing analysts (most recently Brunkhorst 2014), this article proves that Germany’s Basic Law contains no unutilised potential for emancipation in the direction of a socialist society, but rather necessarily anchors the capitalist reason of state. The topics of this argumentation are the Left’s old and new bearers of hope in constitutional law: freedom and equality of opportunity, the social obligation of private property, the public ownership clause, the state goals of labor and environmental protection, and the principle of the welfare state.
与左翼分析人士(最近的一次是Brunkhorst 2014)的共同观点相反,本文证明了德国的《基本法》在社会主义社会的方向上没有未被利用的解放潜力,而是必然锚定了国家的资本主义理性。这场辩论的主题是左派在宪法中希望的新旧承担者:机会的自由和平等、私有财产的社会义务、公有制条款、劳动和环境保护的国家目标以及福利国家原则。
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引用次数: 0
Welche Geschichte erzählen Pikettys Daten? 皮克提提提的数据背景是什么?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/zksp-2015-0012
Gérard Duménil, D. Levy
Despite the remarkable work of collecting data on wealth in the major advanced economies conducted by Th. Piketty and his colleagues, the interpretations put forward in Capital in the 21st Century are not satisfactory. The analysis lacks reference to „capital“ itself, that which governs the dynamics of the capitalist mode of production. The article criticizes both theoretically and empirically *Kontaktperson: Gérard Duménil,Ökonom, Forscher am CNRS (Frankreich), E ˗ Mail: gerard.dumenil@u-paris10.fr Dominique Lévy,Ökonom, Forscher am CNRS (Frankreich), E ˗ Mail: domi.levy@free.fr Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialtheorie und Philosophie 2015; 2(2): 219–254
尽管世界银行在收集主要发达经济体财富数据方面做了出色的工作。皮凯蒂和他的同事们在《21世纪资本论》中提出的解释并不令人满意。这种分析缺乏对“资本”本身的提及,即支配资本主义生产方式动态的“资本”本身。*Kontaktperson: gsamrard dumsamil,Ökonom, Forscher am CNRS (Frankreich), E . Mail: gerard.dumenil@u-paris10.fr Dominique l,Ökonom, Forscher am CNRS (Frankreich), E . Mail: domi.levy@free.fr Zeitschrift f r kritische Sozialtheorie und Philosophie 2015;2 (2): 219 - 254
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引用次数: 0
Nachhaltige Kritik? 可持续的批评?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/zksp-2015-0016
P. Bierl
The essay is discussing the theoretical background of the present Degrowth-Movement with a focus on the German debate. The main thesis is that major parts of this movement are lacking an adequate understanding of capitalism. Instead the vague term growth is used to explain ecological devastation and climate change and its impact on humankind and nature. Growth is analyzed as a consequence of moral shortcomings as greed, wrong or exaggerated consum or of a growth-ideology, the latter argument is tautologic. Especially Niko Paech, who is dominating the discourse in Germany, takes a conservative point of view, which is usually ignored.
本文讨论了当前反增长运动的理论背景,并以德国的辩论为重点。主要论点是,这场运动的主要部分缺乏对资本主义的充分理解。相反,“增长”这个模糊的术语被用来解释生态破坏和气候变化及其对人类和自然的影响。增长被分析为道德缺陷的结果,如贪婪、错误或夸大的消费或增长意识形态,后一种论点是重复的。尤其是在德国占据主导地位的Niko Paech,他的保守观点通常被忽视。
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引用次数: 1
Kritik woran? Kritik woran ?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/zksp-2015-0005
P. Schulz
The article identifies the relation between the criticism of capitalism and modernity in the work of Hartmut Rosa. It details his major concepts acceleration, alienation and resonance to show how the critique changes its topic within the theory. Hartmut Rosa claims a radical criticism of capitalism in the tradition of Critical Theory. Concurrently his work bases on Charles Taylors Communitarianism. Rosa dissolves the subsequent ambivalence by dropping the criticism of capitalism.
本文探讨了哈特穆特·罗莎作品中对资本主义的批判与现代性的关系。详细阐述了他的主要概念加速、异化和共振,以显示批判如何在理论范围内改变其主题。哈特穆特·罗莎主张在批判理论的传统中对资本主义进行激进的批判。同时,他的作品以查尔斯·泰勒的社群主义为基础。罗莎通过放弃对资本主义的批评消解了随后的矛盾心理。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialtheorie und Philosophie
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