Interchange of ideas between individuals, it is generally admitted, stimulates mental activity. But that intercourse between communities has the same effect is not so readily granted. In fact, any suggestion of foreign influence upon a community is likely to be regarded as derogatory to the group. It is forgotten that the "cultural potential"' of the group is one of the most important elements in the process and that there is an immense difference between mechanical copying, on the one hand, and, on the other, creative borrowing in which a stimulus from outside unchains indigenous inventiveness. The origin of monumental architecture in Egypt is a case in point. Suddenly, with the First Egyptian Dynasty, we find throughout the country buildings of sun-dried brick, ornamented with elaborate recesses. This type of architecture did not survive the Fourth Dynasty, but its derivations, translated into stone or paint, are found at all periods in the "false doors" of the tombs and in the traditional frame
{"title":"The Origin of Monumental Architecture in Egypt","authors":"Henri Frankfort","doi":"10.1086/370617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370617","url":null,"abstract":"Interchange of ideas between individuals, it is generally admitted, stimulates mental activity. But that intercourse between communities has the same effect is not so readily granted. In fact, any suggestion of foreign influence upon a community is likely to be regarded as derogatory to the group. It is forgotten that the \"cultural potential\"' of the group is one of the most important elements in the process and that there is an immense difference between mechanical copying, on the one hand, and, on the other, creative borrowing in which a stimulus from outside unchains indigenous inventiveness. The origin of monumental architecture in Egypt is a case in point. Suddenly, with the First Egyptian Dynasty, we find throughout the country buildings of sun-dried brick, ornamented with elaborate recesses. This type of architecture did not survive the Fourth Dynasty, but its derivations, translated into stone or paint, are found at all periods in the \"false doors\" of the tombs and in the traditional frame","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128198767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abusir (in the Delta). Department of Antiquities Excavations and restorations begun in 1937 (AJSL, LV, No. 4 [October, 1938], 426) on the ancient sites of Plinthin6 and Taposiris, 40 kilometers west of Alexandria, were continued in 1940. The great tower, octagonal at the bottom and cylindrical at the top, has been completely restored from near ruin. The stairway in the octagon and the spiral staircase in the top are now rebuilt and show the means of access to the summit. Once thought to be a funerary monument, the tower seems clearly to have been a lighthouse. It is the only building of its kind extant in Egypt and may indicate what the great Pharos of Alexandria was like. The cemetery around it has proven on excavation to be of earlier date than the tower. The excavation of the so-called "Temple of Osiris" was also continued. The building now appears to have been something like a convent with small cells about a central chapel. Pottery found under the floor of one cell points to a date at the earliest Hellenistic for the founding of the building. From a Department of Antiquities release.
{"title":"The Oriental Institute Archeological Report on the near East, 1941","authors":"G. Hughes, Joseph P. Free, W. Dubberstein","doi":"10.1086/370622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370622","url":null,"abstract":"Abusir (in the Delta). Department of Antiquities Excavations and restorations begun in 1937 (AJSL, LV, No. 4 [October, 1938], 426) on the ancient sites of Plinthin6 and Taposiris, 40 kilometers west of Alexandria, were continued in 1940. The great tower, octagonal at the bottom and cylindrical at the top, has been completely restored from near ruin. The stairway in the octagon and the spiral staircase in the top are now rebuilt and show the means of access to the summit. Once thought to be a funerary monument, the tower seems clearly to have been a lighthouse. It is the only building of its kind extant in Egypt and may indicate what the great Pharos of Alexandria was like. The cemetery around it has proven on excavation to be of earlier date than the tower. The excavation of the so-called \"Temple of Osiris\" was also continued. The building now appears to have been something like a convent with small cells about a central chapel. Pottery found under the floor of one cell points to a date at the earliest Hellenistic for the founding of the building. From a Department of Antiquities release.","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121320308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Story of Jericho: Further Light on the Biblical Narrative","authors":"J. Garstang","doi":"10.1086/370619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370619","url":null,"abstract":"(1941). The Story of Jericho: Further Light on the Biblical Narrative. Palestine Exploration Quarterly: Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 168-171.","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129937355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CBS University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. Unpublished Nippur tablets collated by A. T. Clay and cited by him in PNCP. Ch.B. Chagar Bazar; applies also to names from that locality compiled by C. J. Gadd in Iraq, VII (1940), 35-42. HSS "Harvard Semitic Series." Mari Hurrian tablets published by F. Thureau-Dangin in RA, XXXVI (1939),1-28. NDA Moshe Berkooz, The Nuzi Dialect of Akkadian: Orthography and Phonology ("Language Dissertations," No. 23 [Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America, 1937]). PNCP A. T. Clay, Personal Names from Cuneiform Inscriptions of the Cassite Period ("Yale Oriental Series," Researches, Vol. I [New Haven, Conn., 1912]). RS Tablets found at Ugarit (Ras Shamra). RS 1-48 published by Charles Virolleaud in Syria, Vol. X (1929), Pls. LXI-LXXV, after p. 308; RS 49, Syria, XV (1934), 153; RS 50, Syria, XII (1931), 389; RS 372, Syria, XX (1939), 125-29.
宾夕法尼亚大学哥伦比亚广播公司大学博物馆。由A. T. Clay整理并在PNCP中引用的未发表的尼普尔药片。chb . Chagar bazaar;C. J. Gadd在《伊拉克》第七卷(1940)，35-42页所编的地名也适用。HSS "哈佛闪米特系列"由F. Thureau-Dangin在RA, XXXVI(1939)，1-28出版的Mari Hurrian片剂。NDA Moshe Berkooz，阿卡德语的Nuzi方言:正字法和音系(《语言论文》第23期[费城:美国语言学会，1937])。PNCP A. T. Clay，《卡西特时期楔形文字铭文中的人名》(《耶鲁东方系列》，《研究》第一卷[康涅狄格州纽黑文，1912年])。在Ugarit (Ras Shamra)发现RS药片。查尔斯·维罗洛在叙利亚出版的RS 1-48，卷十(1929)，pl . LXI-LXXV，页308后;RS 49，叙利亚，十五(1934)，153;RS 50，叙利亚，十二(1931)，389;RS 372，叙利亚，XX(1939)， 125-29。
{"title":"Hurrian Consonantal Pattern","authors":"Pierre M. Purves","doi":"10.1086/370621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370621","url":null,"abstract":"CBS University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. Unpublished Nippur tablets collated by A. T. Clay and cited by him in PNCP. Ch.B. Chagar Bazar; applies also to names from that locality compiled by C. J. Gadd in Iraq, VII (1940), 35-42. HSS \"Harvard Semitic Series.\" Mari Hurrian tablets published by F. Thureau-Dangin in RA, XXXVI (1939),1-28. NDA Moshe Berkooz, The Nuzi Dialect of Akkadian: Orthography and Phonology (\"Language Dissertations,\" No. 23 [Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America, 1937]). PNCP A. T. Clay, Personal Names from Cuneiform Inscriptions of the Cassite Period (\"Yale Oriental Series,\" Researches, Vol. I [New Haven, Conn., 1912]). RS Tablets found at Ugarit (Ras Shamra). RS 1-48 published by Charles Virolleaud in Syria, Vol. X (1929), Pls. LXI-LXXV, after p. 308; RS 49, Syria, XV (1934), 153; RS 50, Syria, XII (1931), 389; RS 372, Syria, XX (1939), 125-29.","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125729570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1931 Baron von Oppenheim, reporting on his excavation at Tell Halaf, wrote: "In der Kaparaschicht fanden wir ein kleines Kalksteinaltairchen mit einigen wenigen, leider nicht entzifferbaren altsemitischen Schriftzeichen."' No further stratigraphic detail has been released on this piece which, therefore, must be discussed apart from any exact archeological context. Meissner, from the character of the cuneiform signs, peculiarities of language, and the point of view expressed in the short cuneiform inscriptions of Kapara, feels that a date in the twelfth century B.c. is fitting for the Kapara stratum.2 Von Oppenheim insists that the date of the small finds of the stratum and the views of B. Landsberger with regard to the earliest possible presence of Aramaeans in Mesopotamia also support the twelfth century B.C. date.3 The twelfth-century date has been widely accepted4 but not without considerable opposition.5 The publication of the Kapara Aramaic inscription, long awaited, has finally appeared as the work of Johannes Friedrich.6 A hand copy of the inscription is given (Fig. 1) but, unfortunately, no photograph. Friedrich transliterates it as `rlt 1 "T [(x)x]by2 I r)"IT but, with re1 M. F. von Oppenheim, Der Tell Halaf (Leipzig, 1931), p. 65; cf. English translation by G. Wheeler, p. 70. The expanded French edition, which I understand is in preparation, is not available. 2 B. Meissner, apud von Oppenheim, op. cit., p. 266 (English ed., p. 316). S. Langdon, Oxford Magazine, June 15, 1933, p. 812, on the basis of the cuneiform signs, dated the Kapara inscriptions to the tenth century B.c. There can be no certainty in dating based on cuneiform script alone.
1931年，冯·奥本海姆男爵在报告他在泰尔哈拉夫的发掘时写道:“In der Kaparaschicht fanden wir ein kleines Kalksteinaltairchen mit einigen wenigen, leider nicht entzifferbaren altsemitischen Schriftzeichen。”没有进一步的地层细节被公布，因此，必须在任何确切的考古背景之外进行讨论。迈斯纳根据楔形文字符号的特征、语言的特点以及卡帕拉简短的楔形文字铭文所表达的观点，认为公元前12世纪是卡帕拉地层的合适年代冯·奥本海姆坚持认为，地层小发现的日期和B. Landsberger关于阿拉米人最早可能出现在美索不达米亚的观点也支持公元前12世纪的日期12世纪的日期已被广泛接受，但并非没有相当大的反对意见期待已久的卡帕拉阿拉姆文铭文终于作为约翰内斯·弗里德里希的作品出版了。6给出了铭文的手抄本(图1)，但不幸的是，没有照片。弗里德里希将其音译为“rlt 1”T [(x)x]by2 I r)但是，与re1 M. F. von Oppenheim, Der Tell Halaf(莱比锡，1931)，第65页;参见惠勒的英译，第70页。据我所知正在编写的法文增订本没有。2 B.迈斯纳:《阿波德·冯·奥本海姆》，同城，第266页(英文版，第316页)。S.兰登，《牛津杂志》，1933年6月15日，第812页，根据楔形文字的符号，卡帕拉铭文的年代可以追溯到公元前10世纪。单凭楔形文字的文字不能确定年代。
{"title":"The Old Aramaic Alphabet at Tell Halaf the Date of the \"Altar\" Inscription","authors":"R. Bowman","doi":"10.1086/370618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370618","url":null,"abstract":"In 1931 Baron von Oppenheim, reporting on his excavation at Tell Halaf, wrote: \"In der Kaparaschicht fanden wir ein kleines Kalksteinaltairchen mit einigen wenigen, leider nicht entzifferbaren altsemitischen Schriftzeichen.\"' No further stratigraphic detail has been released on this piece which, therefore, must be discussed apart from any exact archeological context. Meissner, from the character of the cuneiform signs, peculiarities of language, and the point of view expressed in the short cuneiform inscriptions of Kapara, feels that a date in the twelfth century B.c. is fitting for the Kapara stratum.2 Von Oppenheim insists that the date of the small finds of the stratum and the views of B. Landsberger with regard to the earliest possible presence of Aramaeans in Mesopotamia also support the twelfth century B.C. date.3 The twelfth-century date has been widely accepted4 but not without considerable opposition.5 The publication of the Kapara Aramaic inscription, long awaited, has finally appeared as the work of Johannes Friedrich.6 A hand copy of the inscription is given (Fig. 1) but, unfortunately, no photograph. Friedrich transliterates it as `rlt 1 \"T [(x)x]by2 I r)\"IT but, with re1 M. F. von Oppenheim, Der Tell Halaf (Leipzig, 1931), p. 65; cf. English translation by G. Wheeler, p. 70. The expanded French edition, which I understand is in preparation, is not available. 2 B. Meissner, apud von Oppenheim, op. cit., p. 266 (English ed., p. 316). S. Langdon, Oxford Magazine, June 15, 1933, p. 812, on the basis of the cuneiform signs, dated the Kapara inscriptions to the tenth century B.c. There can be no certainty in dating based on cuneiform script alone.","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123699114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review:The Prophets and Their Times J. M. Powis Smith, William A. Irwin","authors":"T. J. Meek","doi":"10.1086/370623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116401886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The verso of the so-called "Demotic Chronicle" contains, among others, the well-known statement of the codification of Egyptian law under Darius. Following the translation of Spiegelberg, later writers have consistently given year 3 as the one in which Darius sent to his satrap in Egypt, ordering the compilation of the laws.' Actually, the year number is 4, as was recognized by Spiegelberg himself in his glossary, although he failed to correct the translation.2 It was in 518 B.C., therefore, that Darius sent the command to his satrap.3 According to the Behistun inscription (? 21), Egypt revolted while Darius was fighting Nebuchadnezzar III, but no campaign against it is recounted.4 Herodotus tells us that Aryandes, the satrap whom Cambyses had appointed, was executed for assuming the royal prerogative of coining money, though Darius charged him only with rebellion.5 Whether it was the coinage of money, the ill-fated expedition against Barce, or other events unknown to us, the fact that Egypt was considered a rebel, and that Aryandes was put to death as one, suggests that Darius, a young, vigorous, and energetic king, took care of Egypt at his earliest opportunity. Furthermore, one may conjecture that the use of his satrap in the passage referred to above means a man a'ppointed-or, at least, confirmed in office-by Darius. This could not have been true of Aryandes.6 Nor does it seem likely that
{"title":"Darius and His Egyptian Campaign","authors":"R. A. Parker","doi":"10.1086/370620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370620","url":null,"abstract":"The verso of the so-called \"Demotic Chronicle\" contains, among others, the well-known statement of the codification of Egyptian law under Darius. Following the translation of Spiegelberg, later writers have consistently given year 3 as the one in which Darius sent to his satrap in Egypt, ordering the compilation of the laws.' Actually, the year number is 4, as was recognized by Spiegelberg himself in his glossary, although he failed to correct the translation.2 It was in 518 B.C., therefore, that Darius sent the command to his satrap.3 According to the Behistun inscription (? 21), Egypt revolted while Darius was fighting Nebuchadnezzar III, but no campaign against it is recounted.4 Herodotus tells us that Aryandes, the satrap whom Cambyses had appointed, was executed for assuming the royal prerogative of coining money, though Darius charged him only with rebellion.5 Whether it was the coinage of money, the ill-fated expedition against Barce, or other events unknown to us, the fact that Egypt was considered a rebel, and that Aryandes was put to death as one, suggests that Darius, a young, vigorous, and energetic king, took care of Egypt at his earliest opportunity. Furthermore, one may conjecture that the use of his satrap in the passage referred to above means a man a'ppointed-or, at least, confirmed in office-by Darius. This could not have been true of Aryandes.6 Nor does it seem likely that","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114667832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
creasingly clear that the word is not ethnic but rather has something to do with the sphere of social legislation.2 The vexing problem of the correct transliteration of the cuneiform word lJa-BI-ru3 as UIabiru or Ijapiru, and the identity of the Semitic root (whether '2lM,4 111, ?1=2, '17) seems now to have been decided by the Ras Shamra texts. Virolleaud announced on June 30, 1939, that these texts proved
{"title":"The Origin of the Name \"Hebrews\"","authors":"E. G. Kraeling","doi":"10.1086/370608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370608","url":null,"abstract":"creasingly clear that the word is not ethnic but rather has something to do with the sphere of social legislation.2 The vexing problem of the correct transliteration of the cuneiform word lJa-BI-ru3 as UIabiru or Ijapiru, and the identity of the Semitic root (whether '2lM,4 111, ?1=2, '17) seems now to have been decided by the Ras Shamra texts. Virolleaud announced on June 30, 1939, that these texts proved","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129174203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the request of Richard A. Parker, who has reconstructed and dated a page of papyrus from several fragments of a series which Aim6-Giron had already suggested must somehow belong together as a journal of the Memphis arsenal,' I have prepared this reading of the reconstructed text (Pls. IV-V). These badly damaged fragments of text are somewhat unique in having their most legible readings in the date formulas which epigraphers from experience usually expect to find most difficult. Aside from the date lines, the text is in very poor condition. Portions are so mutilated that only isolated letters or even traces of letters are discernible, and gaping holes make it almost impossible to gain an intelligible context. Under such circumstances it is difficult to improve on the usual careful work of Aim6-Giron and almost impossible to glean more than he has from them. However, the demonstration that the pieces can be read when the fragments are put together as Parker has done it, by matching lines and by joining the legible date formulas, can be regarded as a contribution in advance of what Aim6-Giron has done. Then, too, my independent readings of the photographs of these fragments sometimes differ from those already proposed. Often, it is true, these differences depend upon an alternative interpretation of very mutilated letters, but these readings might throw light on some of the more legible sections of text and, if sound, might affect Aramaic lexicography. TEXT2
应理查德·a·帕克(Richard a . Parker)的要求，他从艾姆6-吉隆(Aim6-Giron)已经提出的一定属于孟菲斯兵工厂期刊的一系列碎片中重建了一页纸莎草纸，并确定了日期，“我准备了对重建文本的阅读(请参阅IV-V)。”这些严重损坏的文本片段在某种程度上是独一无二的，因为它们在日期公式中具有最清晰的读数，而根据经验，铭文学家通常认为这是最困难的。除了日期行外，文本的状况非常糟糕。有些部分残缺不全，只能辨认出孤立的字母，甚至是字母的痕迹，而裂开的洞几乎不可能获得可理解的上下文。在这种情况下，很难比艾姆6-吉隆平时的细致工作做得更好，几乎不可能从他们那里收集到比他更多的东西。然而，帕克通过匹配线条和加入清晰的日期公式，将碎片放在一起，就可以阅读这些碎片，这一示范可以被视为比Aim6-Giron所做的更早的贡献。此外，我对这些碎片照片的独立解读有时也与之前提出的不同。确实，这些差异往往取决于对残缺字母的另一种解释，但这些解读可能会对文本中一些更清晰的部分有所启发，如果是正确的，可能会影响阿拉姆语的词典编纂。TEXT2
{"title":"An Aramaic Journal Page","authors":"R. Bowman","doi":"10.1086/370612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370612","url":null,"abstract":"At the request of Richard A. Parker, who has reconstructed and dated a page of papyrus from several fragments of a series which Aim6-Giron had already suggested must somehow belong together as a journal of the Memphis arsenal,' I have prepared this reading of the reconstructed text (Pls. IV-V). These badly damaged fragments of text are somewhat unique in having their most legible readings in the date formulas which epigraphers from experience usually expect to find most difficult. Aside from the date lines, the text is in very poor condition. Portions are so mutilated that only isolated letters or even traces of letters are discernible, and gaping holes make it almost impossible to gain an intelligible context. Under such circumstances it is difficult to improve on the usual careful work of Aim6-Giron and almost impossible to glean more than he has from them. However, the demonstration that the pieces can be read when the fragments are put together as Parker has done it, by matching lines and by joining the legible date formulas, can be regarded as a contribution in advance of what Aim6-Giron has done. Then, too, my independent readings of the photographs of these fragments sometimes differ from those already proposed. Often, it is true, these differences depend upon an alternative interpretation of very mutilated letters, but these readings might throw light on some of the more legible sections of text and, if sound, might affect Aramaic lexicography. TEXT2","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131376365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review:Al-Ibanah an Usul ad-Diyanah Walter C. Klein","authors":"L. Thomas","doi":"10.1086/370615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130552293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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