The electrical effects on cells, particularly neurons, are extensively studied to understand cellular functions. Various culture platforms have been developed to investigate cellular responses to electrical stimulation. In this study, planar indium tin oxide (ITO) interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) with conventional and circular designs were fabricated and utilized as both cell culture platforms and stimulation electrodes for experiments up to ten days. To enhance cell adhesion, fetal bovine serum (FBS) was applied to the electrode surface and then removed, facilitating cell culture. The SH-SY5Y cell line was cultured on the platform to assess adhesion and growth. Steady-state direct-current electric field stimulation (DCEFS) at 150 V/m or 300 V/m was applied at specific intervals. Cells exposed to 150 V/m showed significant morphological changes indicative of differentiation, while those at 300 V/m migrated away, reducing intact cell numbers. Notably, circular IDEs promoted extensive neurite outgrowth compared to conventional designs. These findings highlight the potential of electrode geometry to control cell differentiation and migration, offering a versatile platform for cellular studies and tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"A versatile ITO electrode platform for studying neuronal differentiation and migration under electrical stimulation","authors":"Suthiwan Udomrat , Supeecha Kumkate , Permphan Dharmasaroja , Theeraporn Puntheeranurak , Tanakorn Osotchan","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrical effects on cells, particularly neurons, are extensively studied to understand cellular functions. Various culture platforms have been developed to investigate cellular responses to electrical stimulation. In this study, planar indium tin oxide (ITO) interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) with conventional and circular designs were fabricated and utilized as both cell culture platforms and stimulation electrodes for experiments up to ten days. To enhance cell adhesion, fetal bovine serum (FBS) was applied to the electrode surface and then removed, facilitating cell culture. The SH-SY5Y cell line was cultured on the platform to assess adhesion and growth. Steady-state direct-current electric field stimulation (DCEFS) at 150 V/m or 300 V/m was applied at specific intervals. Cells exposed to 150 V/m showed significant morphological changes indicative of differentiation, while those at 300 V/m migrated away, reducing intact cell numbers. Notably, circular IDEs promoted extensive neurite outgrowth compared to conventional designs. These findings highlight the potential of electrode geometry to control cell differentiation and migration, offering a versatile platform for cellular studies and tissue engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100637"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecularly Imprinted Polynorepinephrine (MIPNE) has demonstrated superior performance for mimetic receptors production, facilitating their integration into techniques like Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Biomimetic Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (BELISA), and Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI). Here we developed a multiplexed Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) assay to face the selection of appropriate epitope sequences for protein imprinting, a critical factor in optimizing MIPNE efficiency. The plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles formed on MIPNE were used to classify epitopes as functional (F), uncertain (U), or dysfunctional (D). Feature extraction and machine learning analysis identified key physico-chemical descriptors influencing imprinting efficiency. Subsequent SPR testing confirmed the correlation between epitope selection and receptor performance. This study provides the first systematic approach for epitope selection in MIPNE, paving the way for their improved design and application in bioanalytics and biosensing.
{"title":"Rational design of peptides for epitope imprinting of polynorepinephrine: A plasmonic and machine learning integrated approach","authors":"Davide Sestaioni , Giulia Ciacci , Andrea Barucci , Pasquale Palladino , Simona Scarano","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecularly Imprinted Polynorepinephrine (MIPNE) has demonstrated superior performance for mimetic receptors production, facilitating their integration into techniques like Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Biomimetic Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (BELISA), and Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI). Here we developed a multiplexed Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) assay to face the selection of appropriate epitope sequences for protein imprinting, a critical factor in optimizing MIPNE efficiency. The plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles formed on MIPNE were used to classify epitopes as functional (<strong><em>F</em></strong>), uncertain (<strong><em>U</em></strong>), or dysfunctional (<strong><em>D</em></strong>). Feature extraction and machine learning analysis identified key physico-chemical descriptors influencing imprinting efficiency. Subsequent SPR testing confirmed the correlation between epitope selection and receptor performance. This study provides the first systematic approach for epitope selection in MIPNE, paving the way for their improved design and application in bioanalytics and biosensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100636
Ghadeer.A.R.Y. Suaifan , Asmaa Alnajajrah , Ward Abu Jbara , Amr A. El-Mousa , Fahid Abu Jbara , Doha A.I. Al-Omari , Mayadah B. Shehadeh
To better understand the oral cavity's role as a potential reservoir and transmission route for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the development of a diagnostic test that is not only rapid and highly specific but also user-friendly is essential. In response to this need, a colorimetric cotton swab biosensor was designed to enable visual detection of H. pylori presence or absence. This study presents the development of a rapid, simple and cost-effective cotton swab-based colorimetric biosensor for the visual detection of H. pylori in saliva. The biosensor utilizes a lactoferrin-functionalized cotton platform for bacterial capture, followed by signal generation using polymeric nanobeads conjugated to specific anti-H. pylori antibodies. The assay enables direct, naked-eye detection without the need for amplification steps or specialized instrumentation. A visual limit of detection between 10 CFU/mL was achieved within 5 min in solution and in spiked saliva samples, offering both qualitative and semi-quantitative results. The biosensor exhibited high specificity, showing no cross-reactivity with E. coli or S. aureus, and maintained analytical performance despite the presence of mucin in Saliva. Moreover, the device demonstrated operational stability over extended storage periods. These findings support the biosensor's utility as a point-of-care diagnostic tool in low-resource settings for the early detection and surveillance of H. pylori infections.
{"title":"Portable cotton swab biosensor for rapid naked-eye detection of Helicobacter pylori","authors":"Ghadeer.A.R.Y. Suaifan , Asmaa Alnajajrah , Ward Abu Jbara , Amr A. El-Mousa , Fahid Abu Jbara , Doha A.I. Al-Omari , Mayadah B. Shehadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To better understand the oral cavity's role as a potential reservoir and transmission route for <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>), the development of a diagnostic test that is not only rapid and highly specific but also user-friendly is essential. In response to this need, a colorimetric cotton swab biosensor was designed to enable visual detection of <em>H. pylori</em> presence or absence. This study presents the development of a rapid, simple and cost-effective cotton swab-based colorimetric biosensor for the visual detection of <em>H. pylori</em> in saliva. The biosensor utilizes a lactoferrin-functionalized cotton platform for bacterial capture, followed by signal generation using polymeric nanobeads conjugated to specific anti-<em>H. pylori</em> antibodies. The assay enables direct, naked-eye detection without the need for amplification steps or specialized instrumentation. A visual limit of detection between 10 CFU/mL was achieved within 5 min in solution and in spiked saliva samples, offering both qualitative and semi-quantitative results. The biosensor exhibited high specificity, showing no cross-reactivity with <em>E. coli</em> or <em>S. aureus</em>, and maintained analytical performance despite the presence of mucin in Saliva. Moreover, the device demonstrated operational stability over extended storage periods. These findings support the biosensor's utility as a point-of-care diagnostic tool in low-resource settings for the early detection and surveillance of <em>H. pylori</em> infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100635
Liyan Li , Jing Fu , Elaine Li Ching Chiang , Jerald Yoo , Sungwoo Bae
Aquaculture pathogens pose serious risks to aquatic livestock and global food safety. Key threats in shrimp farming include white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, AHPND), and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). Rapid, on-site detection is critical for early detection and outbreak prevention. In this study, we developed a portable, smartphone-based diagnostic platform utilizing multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens in a single reaction. A PDMS microchip with 30 reaction wells (5 × 6 array) and a temperature control well was fabricated for efficient multiplexing. Immobilized LAMP reagents with freeze-drying lyophilization were preloaded into wells to streamline preparation and enhance stability. The system successfully identified both waterborne indicator bacteria (E. coli, E. faecalis, Salmonella) and major shrimp pathogens (WSSV, AHPND, EHP) in samples from Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, and aquaculture water. The microchip maintained stable isothermal conditions (65.1 ± 0.6 °C), enabling visual detection via color change at low DNA concentrations (as low as 4 copies/μL). All WSSV and EHP infections in shrimp tissues and water samples were correctly identified using LAMP reaction within 35 min (excluding the DNA extraction process), demonstrating 100% positive detection rates. The smartphone interface allowed real-time imaging and result interpretation, offering a rapid, user-friendly tool for in situ pathogen monitoring. This platform represents a practical, low-cost solution for field diagnostics and improved disease management in aquaculture.
{"title":"A 3D-printed smartphone-based platform for in-situ and rapid monitoring of aquaculture pathogens using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchip with multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (M-LAMP)","authors":"Liyan Li , Jing Fu , Elaine Li Ching Chiang , Jerald Yoo , Sungwoo Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture pathogens pose serious risks to aquatic livestock and global food safety. Key threats in shrimp farming include white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> (causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, AHPND), and <em>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</em> (EHP). Rapid, on-site detection is critical for early detection and outbreak prevention. In this study, we developed a portable, smartphone-based diagnostic platform utilizing multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens in a single reaction. A PDMS microchip with 30 reaction wells (5 × 6 array) and a temperature control well was fabricated for efficient multiplexing. Immobilized LAMP reagents with freeze-drying lyophilization were preloaded into wells to streamline preparation and enhance stability. The system successfully identified both waterborne indicator bacteria (<em>E. coli</em>, <em>E. faecalis</em>, <em>Salmonella</em>) and major shrimp pathogens (WSSV, AHPND, EHP) in samples from <em>Penaeus vannamei</em>, <em>Penaeus monodon</em>, and aquaculture water. The microchip maintained stable isothermal conditions (65.1 ± 0.6 °C), enabling visual detection via color change at low DNA concentrations (as low as 4 copies/μL). All WSSV and EHP infections in shrimp tissues and water samples were correctly identified using LAMP reaction within 35 min (excluding the DNA extraction process), demonstrating 100% positive detection rates. The smartphone interface allowed real-time imaging and result interpretation, offering a rapid, user-friendly tool for in situ pathogen monitoring. This platform represents a practical, low-cost solution for field diagnostics and improved disease management in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100635"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100633
Abhishek Kumar , Sanket Goel
The commercial viability of a biosensor depends on its capability to accurately and precisely perform detection of target molecules in real physiological body fluids such as whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, saliva, tears, or sweat. A biosensor is considered ideal for detecting molecules if enriched with specific characteristics crucial for accurate outputs, namely low detection limit, high sensitivity, selectivity to target analyte, reproducibility and repeatability, and performance in real samples. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a strong analytical technique with major applications in biosensing due to its inherent features from electrochemistry and photoluminescence. While existing ECL biosensors can deliver satisfactory performance in laboratory settings, only a limited number are effective in real complex matrices. The stability of biosensors in real samples is a significant concern, which often limits their commercial applications. Incorporation of nanomaterials in ECL biosensors has transformed the biomolecule detection process by providing unparalleled selectivity and sensitivity. This article deliberates on rendering contributions of nanomaterials in advancing traditional ECL biosensors to pave the way from lab discovery to market innovation. Furthermore, the article highlights the various roles of nanomaterials in addressing the critical challenges associated with the commercialization of ECL biosensors. Moreover, various essential concepts are highlighted with relevant figures and comparative tables to provide a general overview of the nanomaterial based ECL biosensors. Lastly, the future outlook and prospects of ECL biosensors in advancing molecular and clinical diagnostics is discussed.
{"title":"Nanocrystal electrochemiluminescence Biosensor: Paving the way from lab discovery to market innovation","authors":"Abhishek Kumar , Sanket Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The commercial viability of a biosensor depends on its capability to accurately and precisely perform detection of target molecules in real physiological body fluids such as whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, saliva, tears, or sweat. A biosensor is considered ideal for detecting molecules if enriched with specific characteristics crucial for accurate outputs, namely low detection limit, high sensitivity, selectivity to target analyte, reproducibility and repeatability, and performance in real samples. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a strong analytical technique with major applications in biosensing due to its inherent features from electrochemistry and photoluminescence. While existing ECL biosensors can deliver satisfactory performance in laboratory settings, only a limited number are effective in real complex matrices. The stability of biosensors in real samples is a significant concern, which often limits their commercial applications. Incorporation of nanomaterials in ECL biosensors has transformed the biomolecule detection process by providing unparalleled selectivity and sensitivity. This article deliberates on rendering contributions of nanomaterials in advancing traditional ECL biosensors to pave the way from lab discovery to market innovation. Furthermore, the article highlights the various roles of nanomaterials in addressing the critical challenges associated with the commercialization of ECL biosensors. Moreover, various essential concepts are highlighted with relevant figures and comparative tables to provide a general overview of the nanomaterial based ECL biosensors. Lastly, the future outlook and prospects of ECL biosensors in advancing molecular and clinical diagnostics is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100633"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Detecting foodborne toxins like Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone remains a pressing global health concern due to their impact on food safety. Conventional detection techniques lack the required sensitivity and efficiency, showcasing the urgent need for advanced, rapid detection solutions. This study presents a portable, non-faradaic electrochemical sensing platform specifically designed for quick and accurate detection of these toxins in corn flour. Featuring a short assay time of 5 min, the 2-plex platform leverages antibodies specific to Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone, achieving detection limits of 0.005 ng/mL and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively. The system offers a dynamic detection range of 0.01–9.151 ng/mL for Aflatoxin B1 and 0.1–25.6 ng/mL for Zearalenone. The platform demonstrates consistent performance, maintaining inter- and intra-study coefficient of variation (%CV) below 20 %. Validation against benchtop and outsource laboratory data confirms its real-world applicability. This user-friendly device holds promise for on-site toxin detection, enhancing food safety and public health.
{"title":"Advancing food Safety: Two-plex electrochemical biosensor for mycotoxin detection in food matrices","authors":"Kundan Kumar Mishra , Vikram Narayanan Dhamu , Abhinav Kokala , Sriram Muthukumar , Shalini Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detecting foodborne toxins like Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone remains a pressing global health concern due to their impact on food safety. Conventional detection techniques lack the required sensitivity and efficiency, showcasing the urgent need for advanced, rapid detection solutions. This study presents a portable, non-faradaic electrochemical sensing platform specifically designed for quick and accurate detection of these toxins in corn flour. Featuring a short assay time of 5 min, the 2-plex platform leverages antibodies specific to Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone, achieving detection limits of 0.005 ng/mL and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively. The system offers a dynamic detection range of 0.01–9.151 ng/mL for Aflatoxin B1 and 0.1–25.6 ng/mL for Zearalenone. The platform demonstrates consistent performance, maintaining inter- and intra-study coefficient of variation (%CV) below 20 %. Validation against benchtop and outsource laboratory data confirms its real-world applicability. This user-friendly device holds promise for on-site toxin detection, enhancing food safety and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100626"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-03DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100624
Frederika Chovancová , Marjan Motiei , Ivana Šišoláková , Michal Urbánek , Jana Shepa , Haojie Fei , Petr Sáha , Renáta Oriňaková
Nickel modified chitosan nanoparticles are promising catalysts for the determination of bioanalytes such as insulin, glucose, antibiotics, and ascorbic acid. In this study, we synthesized nickel-loaded chitosan nanoparticles to evaluate their potential as surface modifiers for electrochemical sensors for insulin detection. The nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions, followed by adsorption of nickel ions via ion-exchange resins and surface chelation. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with EDX analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The catalytic activity of nickel modified chitosan nanoparticles towards insulin oxidation was investigated through cyclic voltammetry. The resulting screen-printed carbon electrode modified with nickel-chitosan nanoparticles exhibited exceptional analytical performance, including high sensitivity (0.09 mA μM), a low detection limit (0.02 μM), and a wide dynamic range (300 nM–5 μM). Additionally, the modified screen-printed electrode demonstrated excellent selectivity, enabling accurate insulin determination in the presence of interferences and in real blood serum samples. These findings highlight the potential of nickel-modified chitosan nanoparticles as a surface modification strategy to enhance the performance of electrochemical sensors insulin detection and pave the way for their application in various bioanalytes determination platforms.
镍修饰的壳聚糖纳米颗粒是测定胰岛素、葡萄糖、抗生素和抗坏血酸等生物分析物的有前途的催化剂。在这项研究中，我们合成了负载镍的壳聚糖纳米颗粒，以评估它们作为胰岛素检测电化学传感器表面改性剂的潜力。采用壳聚糖与三聚磷酸阴离子离子胶凝法制备纳米粒子，再通过离子交换树脂吸附镍离子并进行表面螯合。采用扫描电子显微镜、EDX分析、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和动态光散射等手段对纳米粒子的物理化学性质进行了表征。采用循环伏安法研究了镍修饰壳聚糖纳米颗粒对胰岛素氧化的催化活性。纳米镍壳聚糖修饰的丝网印刷碳电极具有高灵敏度（0.09 mA μM）、低检出限（0.02 μM）和宽动态范围（300 nM-5 μM）等优异的分析性能。此外，改进的丝网印刷电极具有优异的选择性，能够在存在干扰和真实血清样品的情况下准确测定胰岛素。这些发现突出了镍修饰壳聚糖纳米颗粒作为一种表面修饰策略的潜力，可以提高电化学传感器胰岛素检测的性能，并为其在各种生物分析物检测平台中的应用铺平了道路。
{"title":"Synthesis of nickel dopped chitosan nanoparticles as a novel platform for electrochemical insulin detection","authors":"Frederika Chovancová , Marjan Motiei , Ivana Šišoláková , Michal Urbánek , Jana Shepa , Haojie Fei , Petr Sáha , Renáta Oriňaková","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel modified chitosan nanoparticles are promising catalysts for the determination of bioanalytes such as insulin, glucose, antibiotics, and ascorbic acid. In this study, we synthesized nickel-loaded chitosan nanoparticles to evaluate their potential as surface modifiers for electrochemical sensors for insulin detection. The nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions, followed by adsorption of nickel ions via ion-exchange resins and surface chelation. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with EDX analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The catalytic activity of nickel modified chitosan nanoparticles towards insulin oxidation was investigated through cyclic voltammetry. The resulting screen-printed carbon electrode modified with nickel-chitosan nanoparticles exhibited exceptional analytical performance, including high sensitivity (0.09 mA μM), a low detection limit (0.02 μM), and a wide dynamic range (300 nM–5 μM). Additionally, the modified screen-printed electrode demonstrated excellent selectivity, enabling accurate insulin determination in the presence of interferences and in real blood serum samples. These findings highlight the potential of nickel-modified chitosan nanoparticles as a surface modification strategy to enhance the performance of electrochemical sensors insulin detection and pave the way for their application in various bioanalytes determination platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extensive use of paraquat (PQT) in agriculture has led to considerable environmental pollution and has raised serious health issues. Rapid, sensitive, and on-site detection tools are crucial for monitoring paraquat residue and preventing its toxic effect. This study focused on demonstrating a portable, label-free electrochemical sensor platform (SPARK) for the direct detection of paraquat using edamame soybean as food matrix. The sensor platform was fabricated using the excellent substrate property of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which was immobilized with the anti-paraquat antibody (PQT-Ab, specific to recognize the herbicide paraquat) using a linker molecule 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (Pyr-BASE). The rate of crosslinker adsorption on rGO was evaluated and demonstrated for the first time using electrochemistry, with the calculated monolayer adsorption of the pyrene-based crosslinker found to be 244 μC/cm2. The sensor performance was tested using portable device platform (SPARK) to confirm its feasibility, which showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 ng/mL (0.3 ppb), dynamic range of PQT from 0.3 to 72.9 ng/mL and an r2 value of 0.98. The cross-reactivity study demonstrates high selectivity for the target PQT antigen, in presence of non-specific antigen such as glyphosate and chlorpyrifos. Pearson's correlation of r = 0.99 indicated a strong positive correlation between SPARK platform and the third-party gold standard method. Developed SPARK platform provides sensitive data comparable to traditional analytical methods in a simplified manner, thereby opening the possibility for electrochemical sensor platform to be used as on-site testing devices for various other food matrices.
{"title":"SPARK - Sensor platform for affinity recognition of paraquat","authors":"Durgasha C. Poudyal , Vikram Narayanan Dhamu , Manish Samson , Sumana Karmakar , Sriram Muthukumar , Shalini Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of paraquat (PQT) in agriculture has led to considerable environmental pollution and has raised serious health issues. Rapid, sensitive, and on-site detection tools are crucial for monitoring paraquat residue and preventing its toxic effect. This study focused on demonstrating a portable, label-free electrochemical sensor platform (SPARK) for the direct detection of paraquat using edamame soybean as food matrix. The sensor platform was fabricated using the excellent substrate property of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which was immobilized with the anti-paraquat antibody (PQT-Ab, specific to recognize the herbicide paraquat) using a linker molecule 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (Pyr-BASE). The rate of crosslinker adsorption on rGO was evaluated and demonstrated for the first time using electrochemistry, with the calculated monolayer adsorption of the pyrene-based crosslinker found to be 244 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>. The sensor performance was tested using portable device platform (SPARK) to confirm its feasibility, which showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.3 ng/mL (0.3 ppb), dynamic range of PQT from 0.3 to 72.9 ng/mL and an r<sup>2</sup> value of 0.98. The cross-reactivity study demonstrates high selectivity for the target PQT antigen, in presence of non-specific antigen such as glyphosate and chlorpyrifos. Pearson's correlation of r = 0.99 indicated a strong positive correlation between SPARK platform and the third-party gold standard method. Developed SPARK platform provides sensitive data comparable to traditional analytical methods in a simplified manner, thereby opening the possibility for electrochemical sensor platform to be used as on-site testing devices for various other food matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100625"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Snake envenomation is recognized as a neglected tropical disease, contributing to high mortality rates and causing significant organ damage, particularly to the liver, kidneys, and brain. The primary treatment involves administering antivenom, which consists of polyclonal antibodies developed against various snake venoms. However, antivenom therapy can lead to serum-related complications, reducing its effectiveness. Therefore, targeting specific therapeutic molecules could significantly improve snake envenomation treatment. Identifying the snake species is a major challenge due to their similar morphological characteristics. Globally, only two snake venom diagnostic kits are available that have been developed to detect country-specific snake venom. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic assays tailored for detecting venom specific to India. To address this, the current study focuses on detecting functional enzyme components of venomous snake species, such as phospholipase A2, hyaluronidase, and proteases. The study is based on the loading of the dye-loaded stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, including liposomes (sensitive to phospholipase A2), hyaluronic acid-chitosan nanoparticles (sensitive to hyaluronidase), and casein nanoparticles (sensitive to proteases) into paper-based microfluidics and tested with various snake venoms. The device successfully detects and distinguishes between wet bites and dry bites, as well as viper and elapid species.
{"title":"Nanotechnology-based paper microfluidics for rapid point-of-care detection and differentiation of snake venom types","authors":"Lakshmi Narashimhan Ramana , Nitin Salvi , M.V. Khadilkar , Tarun Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Snake envenomation is recognized as a neglected tropical disease, contributing to high mortality rates and causing significant organ damage, particularly to the liver, kidneys, and brain. The primary treatment involves administering antivenom, which consists of polyclonal antibodies developed against various snake venoms. However, antivenom therapy can lead to serum-related complications, reducing its effectiveness. Therefore, targeting specific therapeutic molecules could significantly improve snake envenomation treatment. Identifying the snake species is a major challenge due to their similar morphological characteristics. Globally, only two snake venom diagnostic kits are available that have been developed to detect country-specific snake venom. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic assays tailored for detecting venom specific to India. To address this, the current study focuses on detecting functional enzyme components of venomous snake species, such as phospholipase A2, hyaluronidase, and proteases. The study is based on the loading of the dye-loaded stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, including liposomes (sensitive to phospholipase A2), hyaluronic acid-chitosan nanoparticles (sensitive to hyaluronidase), and casein nanoparticles (sensitive to proteases) into paper-based microfluidics and tested with various snake venoms. The device successfully detects and distinguishes between wet bites and dry bites, as well as viper and elapid species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100623"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100621
Ahmed A. Shalaby , Asmaa Salah , Akihiko Ishida , Masatoshi Maeki , Manabu Tokeshi
Breast cancer is the most common cancer type in women and it has the highest probability of developing into invasive cancer. Early detection of breast cancer is crucial to reduce the disease burden and decrease the mortality rate. Detection of cancer biomarkers is an attractive non-invasive way to implement early diagnosis and follow-up. Colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most common techniques used for the detection of cancer biomarkers. However, it requires a long incubation time and a large reagent volume, and it has low sensitivity. Here, we propose use of a paper disc in a 3D printed microplate hybrid microfluidic device for ultrasensitive paper-based bioluminescence ELISA for detection of HER2 breast cancer biomarker. Chromatographic paper discs are good substrates for fast immobilization of capture antibody without making any surface modification and they can be replaced with new discs to reuse the 3D printed microplate. The 3D printed microplate has microvalves in the bottom of the wells, so it can stop flow of the reagents for the desired incubation time and it allows the washing solution to flow vertically and drain onto an adsorption pad which increases the washing efficiency. NanoLuc luciferase was used as a label for the detection antibody to achieve the highest sensitivity. Bioluminescence sandwich ELISA for HER2 detection was performed using the hybrid device in just 20 min and the limit of detection was 1.3 fg/mL which is more than 104-fold better than commercial ELISA kits for HER2.
{"title":"Paper discs in a 3D printed microplate hybrid microfluidic device for low-cost, rapid, and ultrasensitive paper-based bioluminescence detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) breast cancer biomarker","authors":"Ahmed A. Shalaby , Asmaa Salah , Akihiko Ishida , Masatoshi Maeki , Manabu Tokeshi","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is the most common cancer type in women and it has the highest probability of developing into invasive cancer. Early detection of breast cancer is crucial to reduce the disease burden and decrease the mortality rate. Detection of cancer biomarkers is an attractive non-invasive way to implement early diagnosis and follow-up. Colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most common techniques used for the detection of cancer biomarkers. However, it requires a long incubation time and a large reagent volume, and it has low sensitivity. Here, we propose use of a paper disc in a 3D printed microplate hybrid microfluidic device for ultrasensitive paper-based bioluminescence ELISA for detection of HER2 breast cancer biomarker. Chromatographic paper discs are good substrates for fast immobilization of capture antibody without making any surface modification and they can be replaced with new discs to reuse the 3D printed microplate. The 3D printed microplate has microvalves in the bottom of the wells, so it can stop flow of the reagents for the desired incubation time and it allows the washing solution to flow vertically and drain onto an adsorption pad which increases the washing efficiency. NanoLuc luciferase was used as a label for the detection antibody to achieve the highest sensitivity. Bioluminescence sandwich ELISA for HER2 detection was performed using the hybrid device in just 20 min and the limit of detection was 1.3 fg/mL which is more than 10<sup>4</sup>-fold better than commercial ELISA kits for HER2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100621"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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